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Sam K, Jorge LR, Koane B, Hazell RJ, Shearman PL, Novotny V. Reorganization of bird communities along a rainforest elevation gradient during a strong El Niño event in Papua New Guinea. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10955. [PMID: 38751823 PMCID: PMC11094519 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The El Niño 2015 event, most extreme since 1997, led to severe droughts in tropical wet Papua New Guinea (PNG), reducing May to October dry season rainfall by 75% in the lowlands and 25% in the highlands. Such droughts are likely to have significant effects on terrestrial ecosystems, but they have been poorly explored in Papua New Guinea. Here, we report changes in bird community composition prior to, during, and after the 2015 El Niño event along the elevational gradient ranging from 200 m to 2700 m a.s.l. at the Mt. Wilhelm rainforest in PNG. The abundance of birds in the lowlands dropped by 60% but increased by 40% at elevations above 1700 m during El Niño year. In the following year, the individual bird species reached mean population sizes similar to pre-El Niño years but did not fully recover. Species richness roughly followed the pattern of observed abundance and quickly and fully re-established after the event to the pre- El Niño values. Thus, at least some terrestrial birds seem to react quickly to the extreme droughts in lowlands and shift to less affected mountain habitats. We recorded upper elevational range limits to shifts by more than 500 m a.s.l. in 22 bird species (out of 237 recorded in total) during El Niño year, in contrast to their typical ranges. Our study suggests that a strong El Niño event can have strong but reversible effects on bird communities as long as they have an opportunity to move to more favorable sites through undisturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Sam
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Bonny Koane
- The New Guinea Binatang Research CenterMadangPapua New Guinea
| | | | - Philip L. Shearman
- School of Botany and ZoologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- UPNG Remote Sensing Centre, Biology DepartmentUniversity of Papua New GuineaPort MoresbyPapua New Guinea
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Institute of EntomologyBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of South BohemiaCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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2
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Finnie S, Butterill P, Novotny V, Redmond C, Jorge LR, Abe T, Lamarre GPA, Maicher V, Sam K. Vertical stratification and defensive traits of caterpillars against parasitoids in a lowland tropical forest in Cameroon. Oecologia 2024; 204:915-930. [PMID: 38613574 PMCID: PMC11062930 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Insect herbivores and their parasitoids play a crucial role in terrestrial trophic interactions in tropical forests. These interactions occur across the entire vertical gradient of the forest. This study compares how caterpillar communities, and their parasitism rates, vary across vertical strata and between caterpillar defensive strategies in a semi deciduous tropical forest in Nditam, Cameroon. Within a 0.1 ha plot, all trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were felled and systematically searched for caterpillars. We divided the entire vertical gradient of the forest into eight, five-metre strata. All caterpillars were assigned to a stratum based on their collection height, reared, identified, and classified into one of three defensive traits: aposematic, cryptic and shelter-building. Caterpillar species richness and diversity showed a midstory peak, whereas density followed the opposite pattern, decreasing in the midstory and then increasing towards the highest strata. This trend was driven by some highly dense shelter-building caterpillars in the upper canopy. Specialisation indices indicated decreasing levels of caterpillar generality with increasing height, a midstory peak in vulnerability, and increasing connectance towards the upper canopy, although the latter was likely driven by decreasing network size. Both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars had significantly higher parasitism rates than cryptic caterpillars. Our results highlight nuanced changes in caterpillar communities across forest strata and provide evidence that defences strategies are important indicators of parasitism rates in caterpillars and that both aposematic and shelter-building caterpillars could be considered a "safe haven" for parasitoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Finnie
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Philip Butterill
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novotny
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Conor Redmond
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomokazu Abe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Greg P A Lamarre
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Balboa, 0843-03092, Ancon, Panama
| | - Vincent Maicher
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Libreville, Gabon
| | - Katerina Sam
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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3
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Lewinsohn TM, Almeida Neto M, Almeida A, Prado PI, Jorge LR. From insect-plant interactions to ecological networks. Biota Neotrop 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Since its inception, biodiversity has largely been understood as species diversity and assessed as such. Interactions among species or functional groups are gradually becoming part of an expanded concept of biodiversity. As a case study of the development of a research program in biodiversity, we summarize our multi-decade studies on interactions of Asteraceae and flowerhead-feeding insects in Brazil. Initially, host species were treated as independent replicates in order to assess the local and turnover components of their herbivore diversity. Research then expanded into sampling entire interactive communities of host plants and their associated herbivores in different localities and regions, enabling new research lines to be pursued. Interaction diversity could be assessed and factored into spatial and among-host components, suggesting a new field of interaction geography. Second, host specialization, a key component of interaction diversity, was reframed considering simultaneously relatedness and local availability of plant hosts. Third, with the influence of complex network theory, community-wide species interactions were probed for topological patterns. Having identified the modular structure of these plant-herbivore systems, later we demonstrated that they fit a compound hierarchical topology, in which interactions are nested within large-scale modules. In a brief survey of research funded by Fapesp, especially within the Biota-Fapesp program, we highlight several lines of internationally recognized research on interaction diversity, notably on plant-frugivore and plant-pollinator interactions, together with new theoretical models. The interplay of field studies with new theoretical and analytical approaches has established interaction diversity as an essential component for monitoring, conserving and restoring biodiversity in its broader sense.
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4
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Volf M, Volfová T, Seifert CL, Ludwig A, Engelmann RA, Jorge LR, Richter R, Schedl A, Weinhold A, Wirth C, van Dam NM. A mosaic of induced and non-induced branches promotes variation in leaf traits, predation and insect herbivore assemblages in canopy trees. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:729-739. [PMID: 34958165 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forest canopies are complex and highly diverse environments. Their diversity is affected by pronounced gradients in abiotic and biotic conditions, including variation in leaf chemistry. We hypothesised that branch-localised defence induction and vertical stratification in mature oaks constitute sources of chemical variation that extend across trophic levels. To test this, we combined manipulation of plant defences, predation monitoring, food-choice trials with herbivores and sampling of herbivore assemblages. Both induction and vertical stratification affected branch chemistry, but the effect of induction was stronger. Induction increased predation in the canopy and reduced herbivory in bioassays. The effects of increased predation affected herbivore assemblages by decreasing their abundance, and indirectly, their richness. In turn, we show that there are multiple factors contributing to variation across canopies. Branch-localised induction, variation between tree individuals and predation may be the ones with particularly strong effects on diverse assemblages of insects in temperate forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Volf
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tereza Volfová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo L Seifert
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Ludwig
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf A Engelmann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ronny Richter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing, Institute for Geography, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schedl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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de Alvarenga AMSB, Borges ME, Jorge LR, Varassin IG, Araújo SBL. Consumers' active choice behaviour promotes coevolutionary units in antagonistic networks. J Evol Biol 2021; 35:134-145. [PMID: 34758181 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individual behaviour and local context can influence the evolution of ecological interactions and how they structure into networks. In trophic interactions, consumers can increase their fitness by actively choosing resources that they are more likely to explore successfully. Mathematical modelling is often employed in theoretical studies to understand the coevolutionary dynamics between consumers and resources. However, they often disregard the individual consumer behaviour since the complexity of these systems usually requires simplifying assumptions about interaction details. Using an individual-based model, we model a community of several species that interact antagonistically. Each individual has a trait (attack or defence) that is explicitly modelled and the probability of the interaction to occur successfully increases with increased trait-matching. In addition, consumers can actively choose resources that guarantee greater fitness. We show that active consumer choice can generate coevolutionary units over time. It means that the traits of both consumers and resources converge into multiple groups with similar traits and the species interactions stay restricted to these groups over time. We also observed that network structure is more dependent on the parameter that delimits active consumer choice than on the intensity of selective pressure. Thus, our results support the idea that consumer active choice behaviour plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary processes that structure interacting communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Department of Ecology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Isabela Galarda Varassin
- Laboratório de Interações e Biologia Reprodutiva, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Borges Lino Araújo
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Rech AR, Ollerton J, Dalsgaard B, Ré Jorge L, Sandel B, Svenning J, Baronio GJ, Sazima M. Population‐level plant pollination mode is influenced by Quaternary climate and pollinators. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Rodrigo Rech
- Programas de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Florestal e em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Brasil
| | - Jeff Ollerton
- Faculty of Arts, Science and Technology University of Northampton Northampton UK
| | - Bo Dalsgaard
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate GLOBE Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Department of Ecology Institute of Entomology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara CA USA
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Departamento Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Gudryan J. Baronio
- Programas de Pós‐graduação em Ciência Florestal e em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri Diamantina Brasil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Laboratório de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brasil
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7
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Sanz-Veiga PA, Ré Jorge L, Benitez-Vieyra S, Amorim FW. Pericarpial nectary-visiting ants do not provide fruit protection against pre-dispersal seed predators regardless of ant species composition and resource availability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188445. [PMID: 29211790 PMCID: PMC5718428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrafloral nectaries can occur in both vegetative and reproductive plant structures. In many Rubiaceae species in the Brazilian Cerrado, after corolla abscission, the floral nectary continues to secret nectar throughout fruit development originating post-floral pericarpial nectaries which commonly attract many ant species. The occurrence of such nectar secreting structures might be strategic for fruit protection against seed predators, as plants are expected to invest higher on more valuable and vulnerable parts. Here, we performed ant exclusion experiments to investigate whether the interaction with ants mediated by the pericarpial nectaries of Tocoyena formosa affects plant reproductive success by reducing the number of pre-dispersal seed predators. We also assessed whether ant protection was dependent on ant species composition and resource availability. Although most of the plants were visited by large and aggressive ant species, such as Ectatomma tuberculatum and species of the genus Camponotus, ants did not protect fruits against seed predators. Furthermore, the result of the interaction was neither related to ant species composition nor to the availability of resources. We suggest that these results may be related to the nature and behavior of the most important seed predators, like Hemicolpus abdominalis weevil which the exoskeleton toughness prevent it from being predated by most ant species. On the other hand, not explored factors, such as reward quality, local ant abundance, ant colony characteristics and/or the presence of alternative energetic sources could also account for variations in ant frequency, composition, and finally ant protective effects, highlighting the conditionality of facultative plant-ant mutualisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Andre Sanz-Veiga
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações–LEPI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PASV); (FWA)
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Benitez-Vieyra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Felipe W. Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações–LEPI, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações–LEPI, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (PASV); (FWA)
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8
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Gossner MM, Lewinsohn TM, Kahl T, Grassein F, Boch S, Prati D, Birkhofer K, Renner SC, Sikorski J, Wubet T, Arndt H, Baumgartner V, Blaser S, Blüthgen N, Börschig C, Buscot F, Diekötter T, Jorge LR, Jung K, Keyel AC, Klein AM, Klemmer S, Krauss J, Lange M, Müller J, Overmann J, Pašalić E, Penone C, Perović DJ, Purschke O, Schall P, Socher SA, Sonnemann I, Tschapka M, Tscharntke T, Türke M, Venter PC, Weiner CN, Werner M, Wolters V, Wurst S, Westphal C, Fischer M, Weisser WW, Allan E. Land-use intensification causes multitrophic homogenization of grassland communities. Nature 2016; 540:266-269. [PMID: 27919075 DOI: 10.1038/nature20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. Alongside reductions in local species diversity, biotic homogenization at larger spatial scales is of great concern for conservation. Biotic homogenization means a decrease in β-diversity (the compositional dissimilarity between sites). Most studies have investigated losses in local (α)-diversity and neglected biodiversity loss at larger spatial scales. Studies addressing β-diversity have focused on single or a few organism groups (for example, ref. 4), and it is thus unknown whether land-use intensification homogenizes communities at different trophic levels, above- and belowground. Here we show that even moderate increases in local land-use intensity (LUI) cause biotic homogenization across microbial, plant and animal groups, both above- and belowground, and that this is largely independent of changes in α-diversity. We analysed a unique grassland biodiversity dataset, with abundances of more than 4,000 species belonging to 12 trophic groups. LUI, and, in particular, high mowing intensity, had consistent effects on β-diversity across groups, causing a homogenization of soil microbial, fungal pathogen, plant and arthropod communities. These effects were nonlinear and the strongest declines in β-diversity occurred in the transition from extensively managed to intermediate intensity grassland. LUI tended to reduce local α-diversity in aboveground groups, whereas the α-diversity increased in belowground groups. Correlations between the β-diversity of different groups, particularly between plants and their consumers, became weaker at high LUI. This suggests a loss of specialist species and is further evidence for biotic homogenization. The consistently negative effects of LUI on landscape-scale biodiversity underscore the high value of extensively managed grasslands for conserving multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Indeed, biotic homogenization rather than local diversity loss could prove to be the most substantial consequence of land-use intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Gossner
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf CH-8903, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Lewinsohn
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Department of Animal Biology, IB, UNICAMP-University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Tiemo Kahl
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, Freiburg im Breisgau D-79106, Germany.,Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest, Brunnenstr 1, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig D-98711, Germany
| | - Fabrice Grassein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Prati
- Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest, Brunnenstr 1, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig D-98711, Germany
| | - Klaus Birkhofer
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, Lund S-22362, Sweden.,Chair of Ecology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Großenhainer Str 57, Senftenberg D-01968, Germany
| | - Swen C Renner
- Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Wien A-1180, Austria.,Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig D-38302, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle-Saale D-06120, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Biocentre, Institute for Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47b, Cologne (Köln) D-50674, Germany
| | - Vanessa Baumgartner
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig D-38302, Germany
| | - Stefan Blaser
- Biosphere Reserve Vessertal-Thuringian Forest, Brunnenstr 1, Schmiedefeld am Rennsteig D-98711, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Carmen Börschig
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Francois Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle-Saale D-06120, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Tim Diekötter
- Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany.,Landscape Ecology, Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Kiel University, Olshausenstr 75, Kiel D-24118, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- Department of Animal Biology, IB, UNICAMP-University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, CEP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Kirsten Jung
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Alexander C Keyel
- Department of Ecosystem Modelling, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 4, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, Freiburg im Breisgau D-79106, Germany
| | - Sandra Klemmer
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle-Saale D-06120, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Jochen Krauss
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Markus Lange
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knoell-Str 10, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Jörg Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, Potsdam D-14469, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, Braunschweig D-38302, Germany
| | - Esther Pašalić
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland
| | - David J Perović
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Purschke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany.,Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) D-06108, Germany
| | - Peter Schall
- Department Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Stephanie A Socher
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Botanical Garden, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Ilja Sonnemann
- Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Marco Tschapka
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89069, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Manfred Türke
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 21, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Paul Christiaan Venter
- Biocentre, Institute for Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str 47b, Cologne (Köln) D-50674, Germany
| | - Christiane N Weiner
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Michael Werner
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 3, Darmstadt D-64287, Germany
| | - Volkmar Wolters
- Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Susanne Wurst
- Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W Weisser
- Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, Freising D-85354, Germany.,Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str 159, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern CH-3013, Switzerland.,Centre for Development and Environment, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse, 10, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
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9
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Perre P, Faria FA, Jorge LR, Rocha A, Torres RS, Souza-Filho MF, Lewinsohn TM, Zucchi RA. Toward an Automated Identification of Anastrepha Fruit Flies in the fraterculus group (Diptera, Tephritidae). Neotrop Entomol 2016; 45:554-558. [PMID: 27156899 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assess image analysis techniques as automatic identifiers of three Anastrepha species of quarantine importance, Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, based on wing and aculeus images. The right wing and aculeus of 100 individuals of each species were mounted on microscope slides, and images were captured with a stereomicroscope and light microscope. For wing image analysis, we used the color descriptor Local Color Histogram; for aculei, we used the contour descriptor Edge Orientation Autocorrelogram. A Support Vector Machine classifier was used in the final stage of wing and aculeus classification. Very accurate species identifications were obtained based on wing and aculeus images, with average accuracies of 94 and 95%, respectively. These results are comparable to previous identification results based on morphometric techniques and to the results achieved by experienced entomologists. Wing and aculeus images produced equally accurate classifications, greatly facilitating the identification of these species. The proposed technique is therefore a promising option for separating these three closely related species in the fraterculus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perre
- Dept of Genectis and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - F A Faria
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal Univ of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil
| | - L R Jorge
- Dept of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - A Rocha
- Institute of Computing, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - R S Torres
- Institute of Computing, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - M F Souza-Filho
- Economic Entomology Lab, Biological Institute, APTA, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - T M Lewinsohn
- Dept of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Univ of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - R A Zucchi
- Dept of Genectis and Evolutionary Biology, Univ of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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10
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Lewinsohn TM, Attayde JL, Fonseca CR, Ganade G, Jorge LR, Kollmann J, Overbeck GE, Prado PI, Pillar VD, Popp D, da Rocha PLB, Silva WR, Spiekermann A, Weisser WW. Ecological literacy and beyond: Problem-based learning for future professionals. Ambio 2015; 44:154-62. [PMID: 24973054 PMCID: PMC4329131 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-014-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ecological science contributes to solving a broad range of environmental problems. However, lack of ecological literacy in practice often limits application of this knowledge. In this paper, we highlight a critical but often overlooked demand on ecological literacy: to enable professionals of various careers to apply scientific knowledge when faced with environmental problems. Current university courses on ecology often fail to persuade students that ecological science provides important tools for environmental problem solving. We propose problem-based learning to improve the understanding of ecological science and its usefulness for real-world environmental issues that professionals in careers as diverse as engineering, public health, architecture, social sciences, or management will address. Courses should set clear learning objectives for cognitive skills they expect students to acquire. Thus, professionals in different fields will be enabled to improve environmental decision-making processes and to participate effectively in multidisciplinary work groups charged with tackling environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Lewinsohn
- />Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - José Luiz Attayde
- />Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970 Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Fonseca
- />Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970 Brazil
| | - Gislene Ganade
- />Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970 Brazil
| | - Leonardo Ré Jorge
- />Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- />Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gerhard E. Overbeck
- />Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Paulo Inácio Prado
- />Departamento de Ecologia - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cid. Universitária, São Paulo, SP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Valério D. Pillar
- />Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970 Brazil
| | - Daniela Popp
- />ProLehre, Department for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Pedro L. B. da Rocha
- />Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-115 Brazil
| | - Wesley Rodrigues Silva
- />Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Annette Spiekermann
- />ProLehre, Department for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang W. Weisser
- />Department for Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Center for Food and Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany
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11
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Jorge PA, Bolsonaro LR, Jorge LR. [Ischemic cardiopathy with normal epicardial coronary arteries. Probable spasm of the coronary arteries. A case report]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1989; 52:95-7. [PMID: 2596995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors discuss the case of a young woman, with chest pain at rest and normal coronary arteries. Sixty-three days after the onset of the symptoms the patient had a myocardial infarction. The coronariogram showed obstruction of the left coronary artery in its full length. The authors consider that a coronary spasm was the cause of the infarction. It is very likely that independent of personal characteristics, coronary spasm may be persistent, involve the whole extent of the vessel and occur even with use of vasodilator drugs.
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12
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Jorge PA, Jorge LR, Fassoni AA. [Ischemic heart disease with previous epicardial coronary arteries. Pathology of the heart arterioles]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1988; 51:157-60. [PMID: 3251440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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