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Sun YK, Wang C, Lin PQ, Hu L, Ye J, Gao ZG, Lin R, Li HM, Shu Q, Huang LS, Tan LH. Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:307-324. [PMID: 38321331 PMCID: PMC11052880 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) tends to have mild presentations in children. However, severe and critical cases do arise in the pediatric population with debilitating systemic impacts and can be fatal at times, meriting further attention from clinicians. Meanwhile, the intricate interactions between the pathogen virulence factors and host defense mechanisms are believed to play indispensable roles in severe COVID-19 pathophysiology but remain incompletely understood. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive literature review was conducted for pertinent publications by reviewers independently using the PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases. Searched keywords included "COVID-19 in children", "severe pediatric COVID-19", and "critical illness in children with COVID-19". RESULTS Risks of developing severe COVID-19 in children escalate with increasing numbers of co-morbidities and an unvaccinated status. Acute respiratory distress stress and necrotizing pneumonia are prominent pulmonary manifestations, while various forms of cardiovascular and neurological involvement may also be seen. Multiple immunological processes are implicated in the host response to COVID-19 including the type I interferon and inflammasome pathways, whose dysregulation in severe and critical diseases translates into adverse clinical manifestations. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a potentially life-threatening immune-mediated condition chronologically associated with COVID-19 exposure, denotes another scientific and clinical conundrum that exemplifies the complexity of pediatric immunity. Despite the considerable dissimilarities between the pediatric and adult immune systems, clinical trials dedicated to children are lacking and current management recommendations are largely adapted from adult guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Severe pediatric COVID-19 can affect multiple organ systems. The dysregulated immune pathways in severe COVID-19 shape the disease course, epitomize the vast functional diversity of the pediatric immune system and highlight the immunophenotypical differences between children and adults. Consequently, further research may be warranted to adequately address them in pediatric-specific clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kan Sun
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Can Wang
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Pei-Quan Lin
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Ru Lin
- Department of Cardiopulmonary and Extracorporeal Life Support, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Hao-Min Li
- Clinical Data Center, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Li-Su Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Lin-Hua Tan
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Wang HY, Lu CG, Hu BF, Hua W, Huang LS, Hua CZ, Chen YH. [A case of infective endocarditis caused by Neisseria mucosa in a child]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2024; 62:273-274. [PMID: 38378291 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20231008-00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - C G Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - B F Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - W Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - L S Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - C Z Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Zhang XL, Zhang X, Hua W, Xie ZD, Liu HM, Zhang HL, Chen BQ, Chen Y, Sun X, Xu Y, Shu SN, Zhao SY, Shang YX, Cao L, Jia YH, Lin LN, Li J, Hao CL, Dong XY, Lin DJ, Xu HM, Zhao DY, Zeng M, Chen ZM, Huang LS. Correction to: Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-023-00792-w. [PMID: 38402517 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Hua
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zheng-De Xie
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Min Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bi-Quan Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medicine Center, Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Nan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun-Ying Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Luo-Na Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chuang-Li Hao
- Department of Respirology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Jiong Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Yu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Wang CY, Xu HM, Liu G, Liu J, Yu H, Chen BQ, Zheng G, Shu M, DU LJ, Xu ZW, Huang LS, Li HB, Wang D, Bai ST, Shan QW, Zhu CH, Tian JM, Hao JH, Lin AW, Lin DJ, Wu JZ, Zhang XH, Cao Q, Tao ZB, Chen Y, Zhu GL, Xue P, Tang ZZ, Su XW, Qu ZH, Zhao SY, Pang L, Deng HL, Shu SN, Chen YH. [A multi-center epidemiological study on pneumococcal meningitis in children from 2019 to 2020]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2024; 26:131-138. [PMID: 38436309 PMCID: PMC10921867 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2308090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis (PM), and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) isolates in Chinese children. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information, laboratory data, and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country. RESULTS Among the 160 children with PM, there were 103 males and 57 females. The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years, with 109 cases (68.1%) aged 3 months to under 3 years. SP strains were isolated from 95 cases (59.4%) in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases (35.6%) in blood cultures. The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87) and 27% (21/78), respectively. Fifty-five cases (34.4%) had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis, 113 cases (70.6%) had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci, and 18 cases (11.3%) had underlying diseases. The most common clinical symptoms were fever (147 cases, 91.9%), followed by lethargy (98 cases, 61.3%) and vomiting (61 cases, 38.1%). Sixty-nine cases (43.1%) experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization, with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication [43 cases (26.9%)], followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases (15.0%), brain abscess in 23 cases (14.4%), and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases (5.0%). Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old, with rates of 91% (39/43) and 83% (20/24), respectively. SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin (100%, 75/75), linezolid (100%, 56/56), and meropenem (100%, 6/6). High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin (81%, 22/27), moxifloxacin (82%, 14/17), rifampicin (96%, 25/26), and chloramphenicol (91%, 21/23). However, low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin (16%, 11/68) and clindamycin (6%, 1/17), and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin (100%, 31/31). The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160) and 66.2% (106/160), respectively, while 18 cases (11.3%) had adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years. Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old. Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM, and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications. Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates. Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases. SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, meropenem, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China (Chen Y-H, . cn)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying-Hu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China (Chen Y-H, . cn)
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Zhang XL, Zhang X, Hua W, Xie ZD, Liu HM, Zhang HL, Chen BQ, Chen Y, Sun X, Xu Y, Shu SN, Zhao SY, Shang YX, Cao L, Jia YH, Lin LN, Li J, Hao CL, Dong XY, Lin DJ, Xu HM, Zhao DY, Zeng M, Chen ZM, Huang LS. Expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children. World J Pediatr 2024; 20:11-25. [PMID: 38064012 PMCID: PMC10828005 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-023-00777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading global cause of respiratory infections and is responsible for about 3 million hospitalizations and more than 100,000 deaths annually in children younger than 5 years, representing a major global healthcare burden. There is a great unmet need for new agents and universal strategies to prevent RSV infections in early life. A multidisciplinary consensus development group comprising experts in epidemiology, infectious diseases, respiratory medicine, and methodology aims to develop the current consensus to address clinical issues of RSV infections in children. DATA SOURCES The evidence searches and reviews were conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, using variations in terms for "respiratory syncytial virus", "RSV", "lower respiratory tract infection", "bronchiolitis", "acute", "viral pneumonia", "neonatal", "infant" "children", and "pediatric". RESULTS Evidence-based recommendations regarding diagnosis, treatment, and prevention were proposed with a high degree of consensus. Although supportive care remains the cornerstone for the management of RSV infections, new monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, drug therapies, and viral surveillance techniques are being rolled out. CONCLUSIONS This consensus, based on international and national scientific evidence, reinforces the current recommendations and integrates the recent advances for optimal care and prevention of RSV infections. Further improvements in the management of RSV infections will require generating the highest quality of evidence through rigorously designed studies that possess little bias and sufficient capacity to identify clinically meaningful end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Li Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Hua
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Zheng-De Xie
- Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Min Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bi-Quan Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medicine Center, Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Nan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun-Ying Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Shang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Luo-Na Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chuang-Li Hao
- Department of Respirology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dao-Jiong Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - De-Yu Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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Wang CY, Xu HM, Tian J, Hong SQ, Liu G, Wang SX, Gao F, Liu J, Liu FR, Yu H, Wu X, Chen BQ, Shen FF, Zheng G, Yu J, Shu M, Liu L, Du LJ, Li P, Xu ZW, Zhu MQ, Huang LS, Huang HY, Li HB, Huang YY, Wang D, Wu F, Bai ST, Tang JJ, Shan QW, Lan LC, Zhu CH, Xiong Y, Tian JM, Wu JH, Hao JH, Zhao HY, Lin AW, Song SS, Lin DJ, Zhou QH, Guo YP, Wu JZ, Yang XQ, Zhang XH, Guo Y, Cao Q, Luo LJ, Tao ZB, Yang WK, Zhou YK, Chen Y, Feng LJ, Zhu GL, Zhang YH, Xue P, Li XQ, Tang ZZ, Zhang DH, Su XW, Qu ZH, Zhang Y, Zhao SY, Qi ZZ, Pang L, Wang CY, Deng HL, Liu XL, Chen YH, Shu S. [A multicenter epidemiological study of acute bacterial meningitis in children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:1045-1053. [PMID: 36207852 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220608-00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical epidemiological characteristics including composition of pathogens , clinical characteristics, and disease prognosis acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) in Chinese children. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical and laboratory data of 1 610 children <15 years of age with ABM in 33 tertiary hospitals in China from January 2019 to December 2020. Patients were divided into different groups according to age,<28 days group, 28 days to <3 months group, 3 months to <1 year group, 1-<5 years of age group, 5-<15 years of age group; etiology confirmed group and clinically diagnosed group according to etiology diagnosis. Non-numeric variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, while non-normal distrituction numeric variables were compared with nonparametric test. Results: Among 1 610 children with ABM, 955 were male and 650 were female (5 cases were not provided with gender information), and the age of onset was 1.5 (0.5, 5.5) months. There were 588 cases age from <28 days, 462 cases age from 28 days to <3 months, 302 cases age from 3 months to <1 year of age group, 156 cases in the 1-<5 years of age and 101 cases in the 5-<15 years of age. The detection rates were 38.8% (95/245) and 31.5% (70/222) of Escherichia coli and 27.8% (68/245) and 35.1% (78/222) of Streptococcus agalactiae in infants younger than 28 days of age and 28 days to 3 months of age; the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus agalactiae were 34.3% (61/178), 14.0% (25/178) and 13.5% (24/178) in the 3 months of age to <1 year of age group; the dominant pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae and the detection rate were 67.9% (74/109) and 44.4% (16/36) in the 1-<5 years of age and 5-<15 years of age . There were 9.7% (19/195) strains of Escherichia coli producing ultra-broad-spectrum β-lactamases. The positive rates of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture and blood culture were 32.2% (515/1 598) and 25.0% (400/1 598), while 38.2% (126/330)and 25.3% (21/83) in CSF metagenomics next generation sequencing and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen detection. There were 4.3% (32/790) cases of which CSF white blood cell counts were normal in etiology confirmed group. Among 1 610 children with ABM, main intracranial imaging complications were subdural effusion and (or) empyema in 349 cases (21.7%), hydrocephalus in 233 cases (14.5%), brain abscess in 178 cases (11.1%), and other cerebrovascular diseases, including encephalomalacia, cerebral infarction, and encephalatrophy, in 174 cases (10.8%). Among the 166 cases (10.3%) with unfavorable outcome, 32 cases (2.0%) died among whom 24 cases died before 1 year of age, and 37 cases (2.3%) had recurrence among whom 25 cases had recurrence within 3 weeks. The incidences of subdural effusion and (or) empyema, brain abscess and ependymitis in the etiology confirmed group were significantly higher than those in the clinically diagnosed group (26.2% (207/790) vs. 17.3% (142/820), 13.0% (103/790) vs. 9.1% (75/820), 4.6% (36/790) vs. 2.7% (22/820), χ2=18.71, 6.20, 4.07, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the unfavorable outcomes, mortility, and recurrence between these 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The onset age of ABM in children is usually within 1 year of age, especially <3 months. The common pathogens in infants <3 months of age are Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae, and the dominant pathogen in infant ≥3 months is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Subdural effusion and (or) empyema and hydrocephalus are common complications. ABM should not be excluded even if CSF white blood cell counts is within normal range. Standardized bacteriological examination should be paid more attention to increase the pathogenic detection rate. Non-culture CSF detection methods may facilitate the pathogenic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - H M Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - J Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - S Q Hong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - G Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - S X Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - F Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - F R Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - H Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - X Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - B Q Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China
| | - F F Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230022, China
| | - G Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210008, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210008, China
| | - M Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - L J Du
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - P Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Z W Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - M Q Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - L S Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - H Y Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - H B Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchu 130061, China
| | - Y Y Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchu 130061, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710002, China
| | - F Wu
- Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an 710002, China
| | - S T Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - J J Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Q W Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021, China
| | - L C Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021, China
| | - C H Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Y Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - J M Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou 215002, China
| | - J H Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University,Suzhou 215002, China
| | - J H Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - H Y Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kaifeng Children's Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - A W Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - S S Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - D J Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 571103, China
| | - Q H Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 571103, China
| | - Y P Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou 571103, China
| | - J Z Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - X Q Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Q Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - L J Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Z B Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - W K Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Y K Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730013, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - L J Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China
| | - G L Zhu
- Department of Infection and Digestive, Qinghai Province Women and Children's Hospital, Xining 810007, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Department of Infection and Digestive, Qinghai Province Women and Children's Hospital, Xining 810007, China
| | - P Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiyuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - X Q Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Taiyuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Z Z Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - D H Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi 563099, China
| | - X W Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Inner Mongolia 750306, China
| | - Z H Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - S Y Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Z Z Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - L Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100102, China
| | - C Y Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100102, China
| | - H L Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - X L Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Sainan Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Zhang LY, Huang LS, Yue YH, Fawaz R, Lim JK, Fan JG. Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Children: Early Observations from the 2022 Outbreak. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:522-530. [PMID: 35836761 PMCID: PMC9240245 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in previously healthy children have been increasing worldwide. The main characteristics of the affected children were jaundice and gastrointestinal symptoms. Their serum aminotransaminase levels were above 500 IU/L, with negative tests for hepatitis viruses A-E. By 31 May 2022, the outbreak had affected over 800 children under the age of 16 years in more than 40 countries, resulting in acute liver failure in approximately 10%, including at least 21 deaths and 38 patients requiring liver transplantation. There was still no confirmed cause or causes, although there were several different working hypotheses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), adenovirus serotype 41, or SARS-CoV-2 superantigen-mediated immune cell activation. Here, we review early observations of the 2022 outbreak which may inform diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in the context of an overlapping COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hang Yue
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Children’s Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rima Fawaz
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph K. Lim
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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8
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Li HJ, Li S, Huang LS. [Empirical antibiotic strategies for acute respiratory infections in children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:494-496. [PMID: 35488652 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220223-00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200096, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200096, China
| | - L S Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200096, China
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Zhang WX, Zeng XX, Chen Q, Yu K, Zheng H, Yu XG, Zhang YJ, Zhang J, Huang HY, Huang LS. Prenatal environmental antibiotics and fetal and postnatal growth: A biomonitoring-based prospective study in Eastern China. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132657. [PMID: 34699881 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thus far, the effect of environmental antibiotics exposure to offspring's growth remains unclear. Here we aimed to evaluate whether and to what extent environmental antibiotics exposure is associated with fetal and postnatal growth. A total of 735 pregnant women and their full-term offspring from the Shanghai Obesity Birth Cohort were involved in the study. Maternal urine specimen was collected during the third trimester, and urinary concentration of fifteen environmental antibiotics was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and enzymatic method. Children were followed at birth, 12, 24 and 60 months, and growth parameters of the weight and height of children were recorded. Linear regression model was applied, and it was found that maternal veterinary antibiotic (VA) concentration was negatively associated with birth weight and ponderal index [per natural-logarithm (ln)-unit: adjusted β (95% confidence interval, CI) = - 42.1 (- 74.0, - 10.3) for birth weight, -0.11 (- 0.19, - 0.02) for birth weight z-score, and - 0.03 (- 0.05, - 0.002) for ponderal index]. Regarding specific VA, each ln-unit increment of florfenicol concentrations was likely to be associate with 39.7 g (95%CI: - 69.3, - 10.1) reduced birth weight, 0.10 (95%CI: - 0.18, - 0.02) reduced birth weight z-score, and 0.02 g/cm3 (95%CI: - 0.04, - 0.00) reduced ponderal index. Ciprofloxacin, a preferred-as-veterinary antibiotic, showed a similar dose-response relationship with neonatal anthropometric parameters to florfenicol. However, these adverse effects diminished as children grew up to 12-, 24- and 60-month-old. Larger prospective cohort studies and animal experiments are warranted to verify the hypothesis that environmental antibiotics exposure in early life, even at low doses, may cause fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Yu
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Yu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Huang LS, Liu Y, Huang ZH. [Research progress on gasdermin D mediated pyroptosis and cardiovascular diseases]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:91-94. [PMID: 35045623 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20211122-01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L S Huang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
| | - Z H Huang
- Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, China
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Liu Q, Long Y, Zhang YF, Zhang ZY, Yang B, Chen CY, Huang LS, Su Y. Phenotypic and genetic correlations of pork myoglobin content with meat colour and other traits in an eight breed-crossed heterogeneous population. Animal 2021; 15:100364. [PMID: 34601209 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat colour is one of the most important meat quality traits affecting consumption desire. Genetic improvement for meat colour traits is not so easy because pigs can be phenotyped only after slaughter. Besides the parameters from the optical instrument, other indexes that reflect the material basis of meat colour should be measured accurately and used in the genomic analysis. Myoglobin (Mb) is the main chemical component determining meat colour. However, to what extent the Mb content contributes to meat colour, and whether it can be used as a trait for pig breeding to improve meat colour, and the correlations of Mb content with complex porcine traits are largely unknown. To address these questions, we measured the muscle Mb content in 624 pigs from the 7th generation of a specially designed eight breed-crossed pig heterogeneous population, evaluated its phenotypic and genetic correlations with longissimus thoracis colour score at 24 h after slaughter. More than that, we also systematically phenotyped more than 100 traits on these animals to evaluate the potential correlations between muscle Mb content and economically important traits. Our results showed that the average muscle Mb content in the 624 pigs was 1.00 mg/g, ranging from 0.51 to 2.17 mg/g. We found that higher Mb content usually correlated with favourable meat colour, higher marbling score, less moisture content, and less drip loss. Genetic correlation analysis between muscle Mb content and 101 traits measured in this study shows that Mb content is also significantly correlated with 31 traits, including marbling, shear force, firmness, and juiciness. To our knowledge, this is one of the largest studies about the correlations of muscle Mb content with as many as 100 various traits in a large-scale genetically diversified population. Our results showed that the Mb content could be a selection parameter for the genetic improvement of meat colour. The selection for higher Mb content will also benefit marbling, shear force, firmness, and overall liking but might not affect the growth, carcass, and fat deposition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China
| | - Y Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China; Present address: Taihe Aomu Breeding Company Limited, Fujian Aonong Biological Technology Group Incorporation Limited, 343713 Taihe, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China
| | - B Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China
| | - C Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China
| | - L S Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China
| | - Y Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045 Nanchang, China.
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12
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Wang LX, Huang LS, Qiu S, Deng YP. [Effect of androgen replacement therapy on mixed dry eye in a rabbit model]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:2525-2530. [PMID: 34407578 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20210322-00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of androgen replacement therapy in a rabbit dry eye model characterized by androgen deficiency and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Methods: Thirty 6-month-old male Chinchilla rabbits were randomly divided into the treatment group, model group and control group, with 10 rabbits in each group. In the treatment and model groups, 2/3 of the meibomian gland openings were closed by cauterization with electric coagulation pen, and bilateral testes were removed. One gram gel containing 1% testosterone was applied for 28 days on the skin of rabbits in the treatment group since day 28 after the surgery. The model group and control group received transdermal petrolatum instead. Tear secretion, tear breakup time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein staining, and serum free testosterone level were monitored throughout the study period. The globes and eyelids were collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Conjunctival tissue was tested for the expression of miRNA-744-5p and interleukin-6. Meibum was collected for fatty acid analysis. Results: Animals presented with typical dry eye signs and androgen deficiency. After 28-day androgen replacement therapy, compared with the model group, the treatment group had a significantly higher tear secretion rate [(14.7±5.2) vs (10.3±3.6) mm, P=0.001], higher TBUT [(15.0±4.2) vs (10.2±3.6) s, P=0.003], lower fluorescein staining score [0 (0, 1) vs 2 (1, 4), P<0.001], and higher goblet cell density at conjunctival fornix (27.2±7.6 vs 10.7±4.8, P<0.001). Additionally, compared with the model group, the conjunctiva of the treatment group expressed a significantly lower level of miRNA-744-5p (1.67±0.24 vs 2.63±0.58, P<0.001) and interleukin-6 [2.38 (1.84, 4.61) vs 4.82 (3.99, 6.36), P=0.022]. Meanwhile, the treatment group showed significantly increased level of 16∶1, Δ9 fatty acid [(10.31±1.00)% vs (3.87±0.45)%, P<0.001] and iso-18∶0 fatty acid [(7.09±0.93)% vs (2.44±0.70)%, P<0.001], but decreased level of iso-26∶0 fatty acid [(5.72±1.07)% vs (8.02±0.65)%, P<0.001] in the meibum compared with the model group. Conclusion: Androgen replacement therapy can alleviate dry eye signs in rabbits presented with combined androgen deficiency and MGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L S Huang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - S Qiu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y P Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Zhang X, Wang J, Huang LS, Zhou X, Little J, Hesketh T, Zhang YJ, Sun K. Associations between measures of pediatric human resources and the under-five mortality rate: a nationwide study in China in 2014. World J Pediatr 2021; 17:317-325. [PMID: 34097241 PMCID: PMC8183000 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-021-00433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To quantify the associations between the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) and measures of pediatric human resources, including pediatricians per thousand children (PPTC) and the geographical distribution of pediatricians. METHODS We analyzed data from a national survey in 2015-2016 in 2636 counties, accounting for 31 mainland provinces of China. We evaluated the associations between measures of pediatric human resources and the risk of a high U5MR (≥ 18 deaths per 1000 live births) using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression models with adjustments for potential confounders. PPTC and pediatricians per 10,000 km2 were categorized into quartiles. The highest quartiles were used as reference. RESULTS The median values of PPTC and pediatricians per 10,000 km2 were 0.35 (0.20-0.70) and 150 (50-500), respectively. Compared to the counties with the highest PPTC (≥ 0.7), those with the lowest PPTC (< 0.2) had a 52% higher risk of a high U5MR, with an L-shaped relationship. An inverted J-shaped relationship was found that the risk of a high U5MR was 3.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.55-5.48], 3.07 (95% CI 2.11-4.47), and 2.25 times (95% CI 1.52-3.31) higher in counties with < 50, 50-149, and 150-499 pediatricians per 10,000 km2, respectively, than in counties with ≥ 500 physicians per 10,000 km2. The joint association analyses show a stronger association with the risk of a high U5MR in geographical pediatrician density than PPTC. CONCLUSION Both population and geographical pediatrician density should be considered when planning child health care services, even in areas with high numbers of PPTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Clinical Research Unit, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Therese Hesketh
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Global Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated To Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zeng J, Zhang X, Sun C, Pan Q, Lu WY, Chen Q, Huang LS, Fan JG. Feasibility study and reference values of FibroScan 502 with M probe in healthy preschool children aged 5 years. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:129. [PMID: 31018838 PMCID: PMC6482527 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transient elastography (TE) using FibroScan with M probe has been widely used in adults for controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM). In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of this approach and reference values of CAP and LSM in healthy preschool children aged 5 years. Methods FibroScan-502 with M probe (Echosens, Paris, France) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 720, Biospace, South Korea) were prospectively conducted in healthy children aged 5 years from the Shanghai Prenatal Cohort Study. Linear regression models and piece-wise linear regression models were used to explore the factors associated with CAP and LSM. Results The success rate of a valid TE measurement was 96.5% in 452 healthy preschool children aged 5 years, and 436 children with 236 boys were included for further study. The median, inter quartile range (IQR) and the 5th–95th percentiles of CAP values were 171.50, 162.07–188.13 and 154.21–214.53 dB/m, respectively. The median, mean ± standard deviation and the 5th–95th percentiles of LSM were 3.20, 3.28 ± 0.86 and 2.00–4.78 kPa, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analyses, the CAP but not the LSM value was significantly positively correlated with such anthropometric index as body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat content and body fat percentage. Conclusions FibroScan-502 with M-probe can be used to measure CAP and LSM in preschool children aged 5 years. The 95th percentiles of CAP values and LSM were 214.53 dB/m and 4.78 kPa, respectively. Further study should be performed to explore the cut-off values of CAP and LSM for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zeng
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qin Pan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen-Yi Lu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li-Su Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zhang HY, Long H, Yang YL, Pan JF, Huang LS, Zhang XK. Thermodynamic method for establishment of relationship between icephobicity/superhydrophobicity and microstructure-Based on computing for adhesion work. MethodsX 2019; 6:513-526. [PMID: 31008061 PMCID: PMC6458481 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) have potential in solving the icing of aircraft, high-voltage overhead transmission lines, and other power network devices exposed to the air. For this reason, we wish to establish the relationship between microstructure and the adhesion work by thermodynamic method, also for analysis of the relationship between the hydrophobicity and icephobicity (or anti-icing). Therefore, respectively considering Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel states, such relationship was theoretically established based on one/two-step surface model, enlightened by natural and artificial SHS. Among it, how to obtain the adhesion work of icing per unit ice-solid interface is the key to this study. Followed by it, hydrothermal experiment, chemical deposition, and etching methods were performed to verify our theoretical results. How to model for the SHS based on the natural and artificial SHS; Computation for adhesion work (waw) per unit area of a water droplet–SHS interface; Computation for adhesion work (wai) per unit area of a frozen water droplet–SHS interface; Computation for reduced adhesion work (wa2) after icing; Hydrothermal experiment, chemical deposition and etching methods were used for validation of modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Zhang
- School of Big Data Engineering, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, China
| | - H Long
- School of Big Data Engineering, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, China
| | - Y L Yang
- School of Big Data Engineering, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, China
| | - J F Pan
- School of Big Data Engineering, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, China
| | - L S Huang
- School of Big Data Engineering, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011, China
| | - X K Zhang
- Key Laboratory and Innovative Teamwork of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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Huang LS, Dong HM, Duan YF, Liu JL, Zhao CX. Optical properties of surface states in two-dimensional topological insulators. Appl Opt 2018; 57:9275-9278. [PMID: 30461977 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.009275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and tractable approach to investigate the optical properties of surface states in two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators (TIs). The analytic expression of optical conductivity of surface states in 2D TIs are obtained based on the kinetic equations. It is found that universal optical conductance can be observed in the high frequency region, which does not depend on the temperature, the chemical potential, or the bandgap of the systems. This universal optical conductance is similar to that in graphene. However, the optical absorption edge of such surface states strongly depend on the chemical potential and the bandgap of the systems. There are obvious optical absorption peaks at low temperature in the low frequency region, which are very different from that in graphene. The bandgaps in surface states can be accurately experimentally measured by the optical absorption edges or the peaks. We expect that our theoretical results offer transparent understandings for the experimental results and applications of 2D TIs.
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17
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Xin WS, Zhang F, Yan GR, Xu WW, Xiao SJ, Zhang ZY, Huang LS. A whole genome sequence association study for puberty in a large Duroc × Erhualian F2 population. Anim Genet 2017; 49:29-35. [PMID: 29194674 DOI: 10.1111/age.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of gilts and sows are culled from reproduction populations because of anestrus and pubertal reproductive failure. Selecting early onset of puberty gilts has a favorable effect on sows' reproductivity. However, age at puberty is hard to be routinely measured in commercial herds. With molecular genetic predictors, identifying individuals that have a propensity for early onset of puberty can be simplified. We previously performed genome scanning and a genome-wide association study for puberty in an F2 resource population using 183 microsatellites and 62 125 SNPs respectively. The detection power and resolution of identified quantitative trait loci were very low. Herein, we re-sequenced 19 founders of the F2 resource population in high coverage, and whole genome sequences of F2 individuals were imputed to perform an association study for reproductive traits. A total of 2339 SNPs associated with pubertal reproductive failure were identified in the region of 30.94-40.74 Mb on SSC7, with the top one, positioned at 33.36 Mb, explaining 16% of the phenotypic variances. We improved the magnitude of the P-value by 10E+5 to 10E+7 using the whole genome sequence rather than using low/middle density markers as in previous studies, and we narrowed down the QTL confidence interval to 5.25 Mb. Combining the annotation of gene function, RAB23 and BAK1 were perceived as the most compelling candidate genes. The identified loci may be useful in culling sows failing to show estrus by marker-assisted selection to increase reproductive efficiency of swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - F Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - G R Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - W W Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - S J Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - L S Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Swine Genetics, Breeding and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Guo YM, Zhang ZY, Ma JW, Ai HS, Ren J, Huang LS. A genomewide association study of feed efficiency and feeding behaviors at two fattening stages in a White Duroc × Erhualian F population. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1481-9. [PMID: 26020169 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding efficiency is a multifactorial and economically important trait in pigs. Genetic improvement of feeding efficiency will greatly benefit the pig industry. In the past decades, the hog market weight has increased worldwide. However, whether the genetic architecture of feeding efficiency is same or not at early and late fattening periods is unclear. To map genomic regions for feed efficiency and feeding behavior traits at early (n ≥ 384) and late (n ≥ 334) growth stages in pigs, we performed genomewide association studies for feed to gain ratio (FCR), residual feed intake (RFI), daily feed intake, daily visit times, daily feeding time (DFT), feed intake per second (FIPS), and feed intake per visit during 3 periods (2 stages and overall) in a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 intercross population. Six chromosomal regions showed significant association with these traits, of which 4 loci were reported for the first time. Our results confirmed the QTL of FCR around 34 Mb on SSC7 and RFI around 134 Mb on SSC12. Of note, 2 regions were associated with more than 1 trait. One was around 36 Mb on SSC7, and there were 47 and 67 SNP associated with FCR from 120 to 210 and from 120 to 240 d, respectively. The top SNP is located in a 2.88-Mb linkage disequilibrium (LD) block that harbors 44 genes. We propose the high mobility group AT-hook 1 gene as a plausible candidate gene in this region. The other was evidenced around 53 Mb on SSC12, which had multiple association signals for DFT and FIPS. The top SNP is located in a 211-kb LD block that harbors only 1 annotated gene, WSCD1, which encodes a protein with sulfotransferase activity and involves the glucose metabolism and, therefore, appears to be a plausible candidate gene. Except the region on SSC12 associated with DFT at both stages, the rest of the regions associated with the traits at only 1 stage, so the genetic architectures of the 2 stages are not same.
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Zhou LS, Li J, Yang J, Liu CL, Xie XH, He YN, Liu XX, Xin WS, Zhang WC, Ren J, Ma JW, Huang LS. GENOME-WIDE MAPPING OF COPY NUMBER VARIATIONS IN COMMERCIAL HYBRID PIGS USING A HIGH-DENSITY SNP GENOTYPING ARRAY. Genetika 2016; 52:97-105. [PMID: 27183798 DOI: 10.7868/s0016675815120140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations (CNVs) are important forms of structural variation in human and animals and can be considered as a major genetic component of phenotypic diversity. Here we used the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip V2 and a DLY [Duroc x (Large White x Landrace)] commercial hybrid population to identify 272 CNVs belonging to 165 CNV regions (CNVRs), of which 66 are new. As CNVRs are specific to origin of population, our DLY-specific data is an important complementary to the existing CNV map in the pig genome. Eight CNVRs were selected. for validation by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and the accurate rate was high (87.25%). Gene function analysis suggested that a common CNVR may play an important role in multiple traits, including growth rate and carcass quality.
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Liao XJ, Lia L, Zhang ZY, Long Y, Yang B, Ruan GR, Su Y, Ai HS, Zhang WC, Deng WY, Xiao SJ, Ren J, Ding NS, Huang LS. SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCI FOR UMBILICAL HERNIA IN SWINE DETECTED BY GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION. Genetika 2015; 51:1163-1170. [PMID: 27169231 DOI: 10.7868/s0016675815100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Umbilical hernia (UH) is a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. UH brings animal welfare problems and severe economic loss to the pig industry. Until now, the genetic basis of UH is poorly understood. The high-density 60K porcine SNP array enables the rapid application of genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic loci for phenotypic traits at genome wide scale in pigs. The objective of this research was to identify susceptibility loci for swine umbilical hernia using the GWAS approach. We genotyped 478 piglets from 142 families representing three Western commercial breeds with the Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip. Then significant SNPs were detected by GWAS using ROADTRIPS (Robust Association-Detection Test for Related Individuals with Population Substructure) software base on a Bonferroni corrected threshold (P = 1.67E-06) or suggestive threshold (P = 3.34E-05) and false discovery rate (FDR = 0.05). After quality control, 29,924 qualified SNPs and 472 piglets were used for GWAS. Two suggestive loci predisposing to pig UH were identified at 44.25MB on SSC2 (rs81358018, P = 3.34E-06, FDR = 0.049933) and at 45.90MB on SSC17 (rs81479278, P = 3.30E-06, FDR = 0.049933) in Duroc population, respectively. And no SNP was detected to be associated with pig UH at significant level in neither Landrace nor Large White population. Furthermore, we carried out a meta-analysis in the combined pure-breed population containing all the 472 piglets. rs81479278 (P = 1.16E-06, FDR = 0.022475) was identified to associate with pig UH at genome-wide significant level. SRC was characterized as plausible candidate gene for susceptibility to pig UH according to its genomic position and biological functions. To our knowledge, this study gives the first description of GWAS identifying susceptibility loci for umbilical hernia in pigs. Our findings provide deeper insights to the genetic architecture of umbilical hernia in pigs.
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21
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Long Y, Ruan GR, Su Y, Xiao SJ, Zhang ZY, Ren J, Ding NS, Huang LS. Genome-wide association study identifies QTLs for EBV of backfat thickness and average daily gain in Duroc pigs. Genetika 2015; 51:371-378. [PMID: 26027376 DOI: 10.7868/s0016675814100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Backfat thickness (BFT) and average daily gain (ADG) are two important economic traits in commercial swine production. Identifying QTLs and uncovering the molecular mechanism for BFT and ADG would greatly help to speed up the breeding progress. In current breeding program, EBV for these two traits are calculated and formulated a comprehensive breeding index, which then be used to improve pig performance. Using Illumina PorcineSNP60 BeadChip, a pilot genomewide association studies (GWAS) for BFT and ADG in 83 Duroc pigs were performed. A total of 31 genome-wise significant SN Ps were detected to be associated with BFT on SSC 4, 9, 11, 12 and 14, ten of which were coincident with previously reported QTL regions. There are two genome-wise loci prominently associated with ADG on SSC2 and SSC13, respectively. The two loci on SSC2 are well overlapped with the QTL regions previously reported. All the 31 significant SNPs associated with BFT are verified on 219 outbreed pigs, six SN Ps reach an extreme significant level and seven SNP reaches a significant level, CACNA1E and ACBD6 are chosen as positional candidate genes. Our findings not only confirmed previously findings, but also revealed a number of novel SNPs associated with BFT and ADG. Two positional candidate genes CACNA1E and ACBD6 were identified for further study. These results would facilitate the identification of causative genes for BFT and ADG.
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Lin DF, Huang LS, Luo HL, Weng RS. Effects on cement after partial replacement with burned joss paper ash. Environ Technol 2012; 33:2595-2601. [PMID: 23437659 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.715803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last ten years, as international environmental protection consciousness has increased, the study and applications of green building, green construction materials and energy savings as well as reduction of carbon dioxide have become urgent issues for governments. In Taiwan, joss papers are burned in more than 11,731 registered shrines or temples in traditional Chinese deity or ancestor worship ceremonies during special holidays or occasions. Instead of placing this large amount of burned joss paper ash (BJPA) in landfills, this study proposes recycling BJPA by replacing some cement with calcined BJPA (CBJPA) in mortar specimens. After BJPA samples were calcined at a high kiln temperature, mortar samples were created using CBJPA to replace cement at seven different levels: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. Tests like setting time and compressive strength were performed for macro-analyses; scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis were carried out for the microstructure and chemical composition analyses. The test results showed that the compressive strengths of specimens with different levels of CBJPA replacement were apparently less than those of the control group (0% CBJPA) at all curing times. The compressive strength and setting time both decreased as the fraction of CBJPA in the mortar increased. Furthermore, because the hydration product did not cement and the mortar specimen structure was loose, the expected strength improvement from the pozzolanic reaction provided by the CBJPA was not clearly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Lin
- Department of Civil and Ecological Engineering, I-Shou University, No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd, Dashu District, Kaohsiung City 84001, Taiwan, ROC
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23
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Burgos-Paz W, Souza CA, Castelló A, Mercadé A, Okumura N, Sheremet'eva IN, Huang LS, Cho IC, Paiva SR, Ramos-Onsins S, Pérez-Enciso M. Worldwide genetic relationships of pigs as inferred from X chromosome SNPs. Anim Genet 2012; 44:130-8. [PMID: 22590984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2012.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The phylogeography of the porcine X chromosome has not been studied despite the unique characteristics of this chromosome. Here, we genotyped 59 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 312 pigs from around the world, representing 39 domestic breeds and wild boars in 30 countries. Overall, widespread commercial breeds showed the highest heterozygosity values, followed by African and American populations. Structuring, as inferred from FST and analysis of molecular variance, was consistently larger in the non-pseudoautosomal (NPAR) than in the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR). Our results show that genetic relationships between populations can vary widely between the NPAR and the PAR, underscoring the fact that their genetic trajectories can be quite different. NPAR showed an increased commercial-like genetic component relative to the PAR, probably because human selection processes to obtain individuals with high productive parameters were mediated by introgressing boars rather than sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Burgos-Paz
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Ren DR, Ren J, Ruan GF, Guo YM, Wu LH, Yang GC, Zhou LH, Li L, Zhang ZY, Huang LS. Mapping and fine mapping of quantitative trait loci for the number of vertebrae in a White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian intercross resource population. Anim Genet 2012; 43:545-51. [PMID: 22497517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The number of vertebrae is associated with body size and meat production in pigs. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the number of vertebrae, phenotypic values were measured in 1029 individuals from a White Duroc × Chinese Erhualian intercross F(2) population. A whole genome scan was performed with 194 microsatellite markers in the F(2) population. Four genome-wide significant QTL and eight chromosome-wide significant QTL for the number of vertebrae were identified on pig chromosomes (SSC) 1, 2, 6, 7, 10 and 12. The most significant QTL was detected on SSC7 with a confidence interval of 1 cM, explaining 42.32% of the phenotypic variance in the thoracic vertebral number. The significant QTL on SSC1, 2 and 7 confirmed previous reports. A panel of 276 animals representing seven Western and Chinese breeds was genotyped with 34 microsatellite markers in the SSC7 QTL region. No obvious selective sweep effect was observed in the tested breeds, indicating that intensive selection for enlarged body size in Western commercial breeds did not wipe out the genetic variability in the QTL region. The Q alleles for increased vertebral number originated from both Chinese Erhualian and White Duroc founder animals. A haplotype block of approximately 900 kb was found to be shared by all Q-bearing chromosomes of F(1) sires except for one distinct Q chromosome. The critical region harbours the newly reported VRTN gene associated with vertebral number. Further investigations are required to confirm whether VRTN or two other positional candidate genes, PROX2 and FOS, cause the QTL effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Ren
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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25
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Abstract
We previously performed a genome scan in a White Duroc × Erhualian F(2) population and identified a QTL on SSC15 with strong effect on pH24h in M. Longissimus dorsi and M. Semimembranous muscle tissue. At that time, the mode of inheritance of this QTL was not clarified, and it was also unclear whether the observed QTL effect was completely or partially caused by mutations in the PRKAG3 gene, which is the only major gene on SSC15 so far known to influence pH24h. In this study, effects of the PRKAG3 gene on meat quality traits were estimated by association analyses. Two substitutions in PRKAG3, p.Ile199Val (p.I199V) and p.Thr30Asn (p.T30N), were found to be segregating in the F(2) population and to significantly affect pH24h and total glycogen in meat, respectively. However, we excluded PRKAG3 as a causative gene for the detected QTL based on the following reasons: (i) the gene was located outside of the QTL confidence interval; (ii) when the PRKAG3 substitution was included as a fixed effect in the QTL model, the F-ratio for the QTL increased rather than decreased; (iii) favourable alleles for pH24h at the QTL and at the PRKAG3 p.I199V locus originated from Erhualian and White Duroc founders, respectively; (iv) more importantly, this QTL showed exclusive maternal expression, differing from the Mendelian expression of PRKAG3. In conclusion, this study is the first to report a maternally-expressed QTL for pH24h on SSC15, which is distinct from PRKAG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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26
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Abstract
High throughput analyses were performed to detect epistatic QTL in 17 body dimension and organ weight traits from a large F(2) pig population derived from a White Duroc and Erhualian intercross. The analyses used a nested test framework to handle multiple tests and a combined search algorithm to map epistatic QTL with empirical genome-wide thresholds derived via prior permutation. Alternative statistical models (e.g. including vs. excluding carcass weight as a covariate) were tested to develop an in-depth understanding of the role of epistasis in these kinds of traits. Epistasis signals were detected in only two or three traits under each statistical model studied. The interaction component of each pair of epistatic QTL explained a small proportion (0.7 to 2.1%) of the phenotypic variance in general. About half of the detected epistatic QTL pairs involved one of the two major QTL on porcine chromosomes 7 and 4. In those traits, the Erhualian allele consistently increased the phenotypes for the chromosome 7 QTL but decreased them for the chromosome 4 QTL. Models including carcass weight as covariate detected epistasis in body dimension traits whereas those excluding carcass weight found epistasis in organ weight traits. In addition, the epistasis results suggested that a QTL on chromosome 14 could be important for a number of organ weight traits. Using the high-throughput analysis tool to examine different statistical models was essential for the generation of a complete picture of epistasis in a whole category of traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wei
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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27
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Huang LS, Chen JS, Hu JF, Ding YF. NiW/Ru underlayer for CoPt-SiO2 granular perpendicular recording media. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:2636-2639. [PMID: 21449443 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper presented the usage of the NiW/Ru underlayer to replace the single Ru underlayer for promoting CoPt hcp (0002) texture. Fcc (111) textured NiW film was used to induce the Ru hcp (0002) texture. It was found that the utilization of the (111) textured NiW alloying layer promoted the formation of Ru(0002) texture, enhanced the magnetic grain isolation and generated the uniform grains with gain size less than 10 nm in CoPt-SiO2 recording layer. The out-of-plane coercivity was also enhanced with the growth of 10 nm NiW underlayer below the Ru layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117608, Singapore
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28
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Esteve A, Ojeda A, Huang LS, Folch JM, Pérez-Enciso M. Nucleotide variability of the porcine SERPINA6 gene and the origin of a putative causal mutation associated with meat quality. Anim Genet 2010; 42:235-41. [PMID: 21054451 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02138.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 6 gene (SERPINA6), also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin or CBG, is involved in obesity and stress sensitivity. Previous studies have reported putative causal mutations within that gene in the porcine species. To characterize a hypothetical selective footprint, we have resequenced approximately 6 kb of coding and non-coding fragments in 20 pigs comprising domestic breeds and wild boars from Asia and Europe. Nucleotide variability was found to be far greater within Asian pig breeds than European breeds (π = 1% vs. 0.05%, respectively), which is consistent with pig evolutionary history. The putative causal amino acid substitution p.Gly307Arg (SNP c.919G>A) associated with meat quality (drip loss) was only detected in European domestic pig breeds, suggesting a very recent mutation that appeared after domestication in Europe. No support for positive selection was detected, as no reduction in levels of diversity surrounding the mutation was found in lean breeds with respect to wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Esteve
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Jiao XT, Liu XQ, Huang LS, Zhang YJ, Han LS. [Role of caspase-3, -8, and -9 in apoptosis of copper induced primary cortical neurons]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2009; 11:917-922. [PMID: 20113661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of primary cortical neuron injury induced by high concentrations of copper by observing the effect of aceticum culture medium on apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons and expression of cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9. METHODS Primary cortical neurons were cultured for 72 hrs and then exposed to different concentrations of aceticum culture medium (20, 40 and 80 microM). The viability of neurons was detected by the MTT method. Apoptosis was observed by Hoechst33258 and flow cytometry Annexin V/PI. Expression of caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Following incubation with aceticum culture medium, apoptosis of neurons was induced. Theviability of neurons was remarkably reduced and the rate of apoptosis was tremendously increased in a concentration dependent manner. Caspase 8 and caspase 9 were activated in 20 microM of copper aceticum culture medium 4 hrs after incubation and peaked at 48 hrs in various concentrations of copper aceticum culture medium, presenting with a time and concentration dependent manner. The activated caspase 3 was observed in 20 microM of copper aceticum culture medium 24 hrs after incubation, which was later than the activated caspase 8 and caspase 9. Caspase 3 expression reached a peak 48 hrs in various concentrations of copper aceticum culture medium, presenting with a time and concentration dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The apoptosis of primary cortical neurons can be induced by copper. Caspase 3, caspase 8 and caspase 9 cascade reaction may involve in the apoptosis of copper induced rat primary cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Ting Jiao
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Zhang ZY, Ren J, Ren DR, Ma JW, Guo YM, Huang LS. Mapping quantitative trait loci for feed consumption and feeding behaviors in a White Duroc x Chinese Erhualian resource population. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:3458-63. [PMID: 19684274 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify QTL for feed consumption and feeding behavior traits in pigs, ADFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR), number of visits to the feeder per day (NVD), and average feeding rate (AFR) were recorded in 577 F(2) animals from a White Duroc x Chinese Erhualian resource population during the fattening period of 120 to 240 d. A whole genome scan was performed with 183 microsatellites covering the pig genome across the entire resource population. A total of 8 QTL were identified on 5 pig chromosomes, including 3 genome-wide significant QTL for FCR on SSC2, 7, and 9, 1 significant QTL for ADFI on SSC3, and 1 for NVD on SSC7. These QTL were identified for the first time, except for the QTL for FCR on SSC2. Four of the 5 significant QTL were adjacent to the known QTL for growth, carcass, and fat deposition traits, supporting the existence of gene(s) with pleiotropic effects on these traits. White Duroc alleles were generally associated with greater phenotypic values, except for those on SSC7 and 9. Comparison of QTL for feed consumption and feeding behaviors indicated that distinct chromosomes had effects on the 2 types of traits. Characterization of causative gene(s) underlying the identified QTL would shed new light on the genetic basis of feed consumption and feeding behaviors in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, 330045, Nanchang, China
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31
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Ramírez O, Ojeda A, Tomàs A, Gallardo D, Huang LS, Folch JM, Clop A, Sánchez A, Badaoui B, Hanotte O, Galman-Omitogun O, Makuza SM, Soto H, Cadillo J, Kelly L, Cho IC, Yeghoyan S, Pérez-Enciso M, Amills M. Integrating Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal data to analyze the origin of pig breeds. Mol Biol Evol 2009; 26:2061-72. [PMID: 19535739 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the origin of swine breeds through the joint analysis of mitochondrial, microsatellite, and Y-chromosome polymorphisms in a sample of pigs and wild boars with a worldwide distribution. Genetic differentiation between pigs and wild boars was remarkably weak, likely as a consequence of a sustained gene flow between both populations. The analysis of nuclear markers evidenced the existence of a close genetic relationship between Near Eastern and European wild boars making it difficult to infer their relative contributions to the gene pool of modern European breeds. Moreover, we have shown that European and Far Eastern pig populations have contributed maternal and paternal lineages to the foundation of African and South American breeds. Although West African pigs from Nigeria and Benin exclusively harbored European alleles, Far Eastern and European genetic signatures of similar intensity were detected in swine breeds from Eastern Africa. This region seems to have been a major point of entry of livestock species in the African continent as a result of the Indian Ocean trade. Finally, South American creole breeds had essentially a European ancestry although Asian Y-chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes were found in a few Nicaraguan pigs. The existence of Spanish and Portuguese commercial routes linking Asia with America might have favored the introduction of Far Eastern breeds into this continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ramírez
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Ding NS, Mao HR, Guo YM, Ren J, Xiao SJ, Wu GZ, Shen HQ, Wu LH, Ruan GF, Brenig B, Huang LS. A genome-wide scan reveals candidate susceptibility loci for pig hernias in an intercross between White Duroc and Erhualian. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:2469-74. [PMID: 19359506 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig scrotal/inguinal and umbilical hernias are the most prevalent congenital disorders in pigs and often cause animal welfare problems and economic loss. To identify susceptibility loci for these traits, a genome-wide scan with 194 microsatellite markers covering the pig genome was performed in a White Duroc x Erhualian resource population with 23 scrotal/inguinal F(2) animals, 50 umbilical F(2) animals, and their unaffected siblings. A sex-average linkage map with a total length of 2,350.3 cM and an average marker interval of 12.84 cM was constructed. Both nonparametric genome-wide linkage (NPL) analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) were implemented to detect closely linked markers. The NPL analysis revealed 11 chromosomal regions on SSC1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 11 for umbilical hernia and 5 regions on SSC2, 4, 8, 13, and 16 for scrotal/inguinal hernia, whereas the TDT test identified susceptibility loci for umbilical hernia on SSC1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, and 15 and for scrotal/inguinal hernias on SSC2, 8, 10, and 18. The most promising loci were SWR1928 on SSC7 and SW830 on SSC10 for umbilical hernia, and SW933 on SSC8 for scrotal hernia, which were consistently detected by both NPL and TDT. Several previously reported chromosomal regions for scrotal/inguinal hernia were confirmed, and new evidence for linkage with this pig defect was found. Moreover, susceptibility loci for pig umbilical hernia were detected for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Ding
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, PR China
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Cheung YF, Huang GY, Chen SB, Liu XQ, Xi L, Liang XC, Huang MR, Chen S, Huang LS, Liu XQ, Chan KW, Lau YL. Inflammatory gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to kawasaki disease and its arterial sequelae. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e608-14. [PMID: 18710885 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphisms of inflammatory genes C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may exert influence on susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and its arterial sequelae. METHODS We analyzed the CRP +1444 C-->T and TNF-alpha -308 G-->A polymorphisms in 167 patients aged 8.9 +/- 4.1 years with a history of Kawasaki disease (73 with and 94 without coronary aneurysms) and 124 healthy control subjects. For patients with Kawasaki disease, we further determined whether these single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with coronary aneurysms, carotid arterial stiffening, and intima-media thickness. RESULTS Genotypic and allelic frequencies of CRP +1444 for T carrier and TNF-alpha -308 for A carrier were significantly higher in patients than in control subjects. The genotypic and allelic distributions did not differ between patients with and those without coronary aneurysms; however, patients with CRP +1444 CT/TT genotype compared with those with a CC genotype and patients with TNF-alpha -308 GA/AA genotype compared with those with a GG genotype had significantly greater carotid arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness. Carriers of both CRP +1444 T allele and TNF-alpha -308 A allele had the highest susceptibility to Kawasaki disease and a significant trend of increased arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness compared with those who carried either 1 or none of the rare alleles. Multiple linear regression analysis identified CRP +1444 allele carrier as a significant determinant of both carotid stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness and TNF-alpha -308 A allele carrier as a determinant of only intima-media thickness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CRP +1444 C-->T and TNF-alpha -308 G-->A polymorphisms are associated with predisposition to Kawasaki disease and, in patients with Kawasaki disease, increased carotid arterial stiffness and intima-media thickness in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Fai Cheung
- Grantham Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Rd, Hong Kong, China.
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Xing YY, Huang LS, Brenig B, Knorr C. Radiation hybrid mapping of seven porcine calcium channel genes (CATSPER1-4 and CNGA1-3) associated with male fertility. Anim Genet 2008; 39:573-4. [PMID: 18644008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Xing
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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35
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Huang CJ, Gu XF, Zhang YJ, Ye J, Li D, Huang LS. [Effect of phenylalanine on the Nogo-66 receptor expression in the cortical neurons of rats]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2008; 10:211-215. [PMID: 18433550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of high concentration of phenylalanine (Phe) on Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) expression in the cortical neurons of rats in vitro in order to investigate whether NgR is involved in the etiology of Phe-induced brain damage. METHODS Neurons from the cerebral cortex of embryonic rats were cultured for 3 days and then were treated with 0.9 mM Phe. After 12, 24 and 48 hrs of Phe treatment, mRNA and protein expression of NgR was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Growth cones and growth axons of neurons were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry respectively after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment. RESULTS The length of growth axons of neurons was significantly shorter after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment compared with the control group without Phe treatment (P<0.05). Growth cones collapse occurred in 12.5+/-9.7% and 24.1+/-4.5% of neurons respectively after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment but only in 3.5+/-1.5% in the control group (P<0.01). The protein level of NgR after 12, 24 and 48 hrs of Phe treatment was up-regulated, with 9.0, 9.4 and 12.6 times as the control. mRNA level of NgR in the Phe treatment group did not differ from control. CONCLUSIONS High concentration of Phe can induce an increased NgR protein expression in cortical neurons, and the increased NgR expression may contribute to the growth cones collapse and the inhibitory activities of axon regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jiao Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Cui HS, Huang LS, Sok DE, Shin J, Kwon BM, Youn UJ, Bae K. Protective action of honokiol, administered orally, against oxidative stress in brain of mice challenged with NMDA. Phytomedicine 2007; 14:696-700. [PMID: 17470388 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroprotective effect of honokiol (HK), orally administered, on oxidative damage in the brain of mice challenged with N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) was examined. HK (1-100 mg/kg) was administered to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) male mice through a gavage for 3 days consecutively, and on the third day, NMDA (150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered. Administration of NMDA, causing a lethality of approximately 60%, resulted in a significant decrease of total glutathione (GSH) level and increase of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) value in brain tissue. Meanwhile, oral administration of HK (> or = 3 mg/kg) for 3 days reduced the lethality (60%) in NMDA-treated group to 10% level, and alleviated the behavioral signs of NMDA neurotoxicity. Moreover, HK pretreatment restored the levels of total GSH and TBARS in the brain tissue to control levels (p<0.01). Additionally, GSH peroxidase activity in cytosolic portion of brain homogenate was also restored significantly (p<0.01), whereas GSH reductase activity was not. Separately, compared to vehicle-treated control, no significant changes in body and brain weight were observed in mice administered with HK. Based on these results, oral intake of HK is suggested to prevent oxidative stress in the brain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Gung-Dong 220, Yuseong-Gu, Taejon 305-764, Korea
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37
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Knorr C, Beck J, Beuermann C, Chen K, Ding N, Gatphayak K, Huang LS, Laenoi W, Brenig B. Chromosomal assignment of porcine oncogenic and apoptopic genes CACNA2D2, TUSC4, ATP2A1, COL1A1, TAC1, BAK1 and CASP9. Anim Genet 2006; 37:523-5. [PMID: 16978189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Knorr
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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38
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Chen KF, Beck J, Huang LS, Knorr C, Brenig B. Assignment of the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) gene to porcine chromosome Xq12-q13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and hybrid panel analyses. Anim Genet 2004; 35:143-5. [PMID: 15025578 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2004.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K F Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Groner Landstrasse 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Chen KF, Beck J, Huang LS, Knorr C, Brenig B. Assignment of the phosphoglycerate kinase 2 (PGK2) gene to porcine chromosome 7q14-q15 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and by analysis of somatic cell and radiation hybrid panels. Anim Genet 2004; 35:71-2. [PMID: 14731237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K F Chen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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40
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Ren J, Knorr C, Habermann F, Fries R, Huang LS, Brenig B. Assignment of the porcine stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene to SSC14q27 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and by hybrid panel mapping. Anim Genet 2004; 34:471-3. [PMID: 14687086 DOI: 10.1046/j.0268-9146.2003.01058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ren
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Cobessi D, Huang LS, Ban M, Pon NG, Daldal F, Berry EA. The 2.6 A resolution structure of Rhodobacter capsulatus bacterioferritin with metal-free dinuclear site and heme iron in a crystallographic 'special position'. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2002; 58:29-38. [PMID: 11752777 PMCID: PMC4615704 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444901017267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2001] [Accepted: 10/15/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bacterioferritin from Rhodobacter capsulatus was crystallized and its structure was solved at 2.6 A resolution. This first structure of a bacterioferritin from a photosynthetic organism is a spherical particle of 24 subunits displaying 432 point-group symmetry like ferritin and bacterioferritin from Escherichia coli. Crystallized in the I422 space group, its structural analysis reveals for the first time the non-symmetric heme molecule located on a twofold crystallographic symmetry axis. Other hemes of the protomer are situated on twofold noncrystallographic axes. Apparently, both types of sites bind heme in two orientations, leading to an average structure consisting of a symmetric 50:50 mixture, thus satisfying the crystallographic and noncrystallographic symmetry of the crystal. Five water molecules are situated close to the heme, which is bound in a hydrophobic pocket and axially coordinated by two crystallographic or noncrystallographically related methionine residues. Its ferroxidase center, in which Fe(II) is oxidized to Fe(III), is empty or fractionally occupied by a metal ion. Two positions are observed for the coordinating Glu18 side chain instead of one in the E. coli enzyme in which the site is occupied. This result suggests that the orientation of the Glu18 side chain could be constrained by this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cobessi
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley CA 94720, USA
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42
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Siri P, Candela N, Zhang YL, Ko C, Eusufzai S, Ginsberg HN, Huang LS. Post-transcriptional stimulation of the assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B lipoproteins in a mouse with selective deficiency of brown adipose tissue, obesity, and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:46064-72. [PMID: 11598138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m108909200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse model of insulin resistance and its associated dyslipidemia was generated by crossing mice expressing human apolipoprotein B (apoB) with mice lacking only brown adipose tissue (BATless). On a high fat diet, male apoB/BATless mice became obese, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglyceridemic, and hyperinsulinemic compared with control apoB mice. Fast performance liquid chromatography revealed increased triglyceride concentrations in intermediate density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Inhibition of lipolysis by the drug, tetrahydrolipostatin, demonstrated that very low density lipoprotein-sized particles were initially secreted. Metabolic studies employing Triton WR-1339 and either [(3)H]glycerol or [(3)H]palmitate showed that the hypertriglyceridemia in apoB/BATless mice was due to the increased synthesis and secretion of triglyceride. Furthermore, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities were not defective. ApoB was also secreted at increased rates in the apoB/BATless mice. Similar levels of apoB mRNA in apoB and apoB/BATless mice indicated that apoB secretion was regulated post-transcriptionally. LDL receptor mRNA was increased in the apoB/BATless mice, indicating that the observed increase in apoB-lipoprotein secretion was not due to their decreased reuptake. Finally, mRNA levels of the large subunit of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, a required component for very low density protein assembly, were not different between apoB and apoB/BATless mice. This rodent model should prove useful in exploring mechanisms underlying the regulation of apoB secretion in the context of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Siri
- Division of Preventive Medicine & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Ko C, Lee TL, Lau PW, Li J, Davis BT, Voyiaziakis E, Allison DB, Chua SC, Huang LS. Two novel quantitative trait loci on mouse chromosomes 6 and 4 independently and synergistically regulate plasma apoB levels. J Lipid Res 2001; 42:844-55. [PMID: 11352992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) level is a strong predictor of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Epidemiologic and family linkage studies have suggested a genetic basis for the wide variations of plasma apoB levels in the general population. Using a human apoB transgenic (HuBTg) mouse model, we have previously shown that hepatic apoB-100 secretion is a major determinant of the high and low plasma human apoB levels in HuBTg mice of the C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/Sv (129) strains, respectively. In the present article, we present the identification of two novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) as major regulators of plasma human apoB levels in the F(2) and N(2) (backcrossed) offspring (n = 572) derived from crosses between the B6 and 129 mouse strains. These loci were designated ApoB regulator genes (Abrg), because the gene products are likely to be involved in the regulation of plasma apoB levels either directly or indirectly. The first locus, designated Abrg1, was mapped to chromosome 6 in 8-week-old male and female mice with a combined logarithm of odds ratio (LOD) score of 14 at the D6Mit55 marker ( approximately 45.9 cM). Abrg1 contributed approximately 35% of the genetic variance. The second locus, designated Abrg2, was mapped to chromosome 4 with an LOD score of 8.6 in 8-week-old male mice but an LOD score of only 2.0 in 8-week-old female mice at the D4Mit27 marker ( approximately 35 cM). Abrg2 contributed approximately 26% of the genetic variance. Epistasis between Abrg1 and Abrg2 was detected and accounted for approximately 12% of the genetic variance. The combination of these two QTL has major effects (>70%) on the regulation of plasma human apoB levels in the tested population. In summary, we have identified two novel loci that have a major role in the regulation of plasma apoB levels and are likely to regulate the secretory pathway of apoB. The human orthologs for the Abrg loci are strong candidates for human disorders characterized by altered plasma apoB levels, such as FCHL and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Chen KF, Huang LS, Li N, Zhang Q, Luo M, Wu CX. [The genetic effect of estrogen receptor(ESR) on litter size traits in pig]. Yi Chuan Xue Bao 2001; 27:853-7. [PMID: 11192427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Litter size is one of the most important economic traits in pig production, and the more piglet numbers per litter is capable to increase pork production and bring more economic profit for pig industry. ESR (estrogen receptor) gene has been determined to be one of the major genes affecting phenotype of litter size without any genetic negative correlation to growth and carcass traits. An optimized standard PCR-RFLP protocol is employed to type 262 sows from 5 different breeds in ESR loci, and then with the computation based on linear model ESR gene is confirmed to be a major locus significantly associated with litter size (P < 0.001). The genetic effect of ESR gene is quite large in these breeds, especially in these Chinese pig population. The sows of beneficial homozygote BB produce 1.40-3.37 total number born/litter and 0.63-3.58 number born alive/litter more than the sows of non-beneficial homozygote AA do. The information found in the present study is very important and could be utilized as DNA marker for improvement of reproduction trait in practice of pig breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- K F Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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45
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Zhang Z, Berry EA, Huang LS, Kim SH. Mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. Subcell Biochem 2001; 35:541-80. [PMID: 11192733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- E. O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Abstract
The cytochrome bc complexes represent a phylogenetically diverse group of complexes of electron-transferring membrane proteins, most familiarly represented by the mitochondrial and bacterial bc1 complexes and the chloroplast and cyanobacterial b6f complex. All these complexes couple electron transfer to proton translocation across a closed lipid bilayer membrane, conserving the free energy released by the oxidation-reduction process in the form of an electrochemical proton gradient across the membrane. Recent exciting developments include the application of site-directed mutagenesis to define the role of conserved residues, and the emergence over the past five years of X-ray structures for several mitochondrial complexes, and for two important domains of the b6f complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Berry
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a common metabolic abnormality that is associated with an increased risk of both atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. The phenotype of insulin resistance includes a dyslipidemia characterized by an elevation of very low-density lipoprotein triglyceride, a reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the presence of small, triglyceride-enriched low-density lipoproteins. The underlying metabolic abnormality driving this dylipidemia is an increased assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein particles, leading to an increased plasma level of triglyceride. Hypertriglyceridemia, in turn, results in a reduction in the high-density lipoprotein level and the generation of small, dense low-density lipoproteins; these events are mediated by cholesteryl ester transfer protein. In addition, hypertension, obesity, and a prothrombotic state are also integral components of the insulin resistance syndrome. In this review, we will provide a pathophysiologic basis, based on studies on humans and in tissue culture, for the dyslipidemia of insulin resistance. We will also review the effects of insulin resistance on the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. It is hoped that this review will allow health professionals better to evaluate and treat their patients with insulin resistance, thereby reducing the very much increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease carried by these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Ginsberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Chi YI, Huang LS, Zhang Z, Fernández-Velasco JG, Berry EA. X-ray structure of a truncated form of cytochrome f from chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Biochemistry 2000; 39:7689-701. [PMID: 10869174 DOI: 10.1021/bi000090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A truncated form of cytochrome f from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (an important eukaryotic model organism for photosynthetic electron transfer studies) has been crystallized (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1); three molecules/asymmetric unit) and its structure determined to 2.0 A resolution by molecular replacement using the coordinates of a truncated turnip cytochrome f as a model. The structure displays the same folding and detailed features as turnip cytochrome f, including (a) an unusual heme Fe ligation by the alpha-amino group of tyrosine 1, (b) a cluster of lysine residues (proposed docking site of plastocyanin), and (c) the presence of a chain of seven water molecules bound to conserved residues and extending between the heme pocket and K58 and K66 at the lysine cluster. For this array of waters, we propose a structural role. Two cytochrome f molecules are related by a noncrystallographic symmetry operator which is a distorted proper 2-fold rotation. This may represent the dimeric relation of the monomers in situ; however, the heme orientation suggested by this model is not consistent with previous EPR measurements on oriented membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Kako Y, Huang LS, Yang J, Katopodis T, Ramakrishnan R, Goldberg IJ. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in human apolipoprotein B transgenic mice. Effects on lipoproteins and atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:2185-94. [PMID: 10588944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of diabetes and lipoprotein lipase (LpL) on plasma lipids were studied in mice expressing human apolipoprotein B (HuBTg). Our overall objective was to produce a diabetic mouse model in which the sole effects of blood glucose elevation on atherosclerosis could be assessed. Mice were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, which led to a 2- to 2. 5-fold increase in plasma glucose. Lipids were assessed in mice on chow and on an atherogenic Western type diet (WTD), consisting of 21% (wt/wt) fat and 0.15% (wt/wt) cholesterol. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were the same in diabetic and non-diabetic mice on the chow diet. On the WTD, male diabetic HuBTg mice had a >50% increase in plasma cholesterol and more very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride as assessed by FPLC analysis. A Triton study showed no increase in triglyceride or apolipoprotein B production, suggesting that the accumulation of VLDL was due to a decrease in lipoprotein clearance. Surprisingly, the VLDL increase in these mice was not due to a decrease in LpL activity in postheparin plasma. To test whether LpL overexpression would alter these diabetes-induced lipoprotein changes, HuBTg mice were crossed with mice expressing human LpL in muscle. LpL overexpression reduced plasma triglyceride, but not cholesterol, in male mice on WTD. Aortic root atherosclerosis assessed in 32-week-old mice on the WTD was not greater in diabetic mice. In summary, diabetes primarily increased plasma VLDL in HuBTg mice. LpL activity was not decreased in these animals. However, additional LpL expression eliminated the diabetic lipoprotein changes. These mice did not have more atherosclerosis with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kako
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Voyiaziakis E, Ko C, O'Rourke SM, Huang LS. Genetic control of hepatic apoB-100 secretion in human apoB transgenic mouse strains. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:2004-12. [PMID: 10553004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels vary widely in the general population and elevated plasma levels of apoB are associated with higher risk for atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Determination of genetic factors regulating population variance of plasma apoB levels is complicated by the genetic heterogeneity of human populations. Using a congenic human apoB transgenic mouse strain in the C57BL/6 background (B6 HuBTg), we assessed genetic effects on the variance of plasma apoB, and on hepatic apoB-100 secretion rates. Six inbred mouse strains were crossed with the B6 HuBTg strain. Mean plasma apoB levels in the parental B6 HuBTg strain were 95 +/- 14 mg/dl. F1 human apoB transgenic offspring displayed plasma human apoB levels ranging from 60 to 105 mg/dl. In three F1 strains, the BALB/B6, C3H/B6 and 129/B6 strains, markedly lower plasma apoB levels (61 +/- 11, 64 +/- 5, and 67 +/- 8 mg/dl) were due to lower apoB-100 secretion rates. Human apoB mRNA levels in these three F1 strains were similar to those of the parental B6 strain suggesting that the mechanism for varying apoB secretion rates is most likely not transcriptional. In summary, we have identified three inbred mouse strains possessing polymorphic alleles which, when crossed with the B6 strain, lower plasma apoB levels and apoB-100 secretion in their F1 offspring. These mouse strains provide a powerful tool for genetic analysis of factors regulating apoB-100 secretion and hence plasma apoB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Voyiaziakis
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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