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Denholm J, Schreiber BA, Jaeckle F, Wicks MN, Benbow EW, Bracey TS, Chan JYH, Farkas L, Fryer E, Gopalakrishnan K, Hughes CA, Kirkwood KJ, Langman G, Mahler-Araujo B, McMahon RFT, Myint KLW, Natu S, Robinson A, Sanduka A, Sheppard KA, Tsang YW, Arends MJ, Soilleux EJ. CD, or not CD, that is the question: a digital interobserver agreement study in coeliac disease. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024; 11:e001252. [PMID: 38302475 PMCID: PMC10870791 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease (CD) diagnosis generally depends on histological examination of duodenal biopsies. We present the first study analysing the concordance in examination of duodenal biopsies using digitised whole-slide images (WSIs). We further investigate whether the inclusion of immunoglobulin A tissue transglutaminase (IgA tTG) and haemoglobin (Hb) data improves the interobserver agreement of diagnosis. DESIGN We undertook a large study of the concordance in histological examination of duodenal biopsies using digitised WSIs in an entirely virtual reporting setting. Our study was organised in two phases: in phase 1, 13 pathologists independently classified 100 duodenal biopsies (40 normal; 40 CD; 20 indeterminate enteropathy) in the absence of any clinical or laboratory data. In phase 2, the same pathologists examined the (re-anonymised) WSIs with the inclusion of IgA tTG and Hb data. RESULTS We found the mean probability of two observers agreeing in the absence of additional data to be 0.73 (±0.08) with a corresponding Cohen's kappa of 0.59 (±0.11). We further showed that the inclusion of additional data increased the concordance to 0.80 (±0.06) with a Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.67 (±0.09). CONCLUSION We showed that the addition of serological data significantly improves the quality of CD diagnosis. However, the limited interobserver agreement in CD diagnosis using digitised WSIs, even after the inclusion of IgA tTG and Hb data, indicates the importance of interpreting duodenal biopsy in the appropriate clinical context. It further highlights the unmet need for an objective means of reproducible duodenal biopsy diagnosis, such as the automated analysis of WSIs using artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Denholm
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lyzeum Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin A Schreiber
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Jaeckle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lyzeum Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mike N Wicks
- Department of Pathology, The University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emyr W Benbow
- Division of Medical Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tim S Bracey
- Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Pathology, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - James Y H Chan
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorant Farkas
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Nordbyhagen, Norway
| | - Eve Fryer
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Kishore Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Caroline A Hughes
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Gerald Langman
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Betania Mahler-Araujo
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raymond F T McMahon
- Division of Medical Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Khun La Win Myint
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sonali Natu
- University Hospital of North Tees, North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust, Stockton on Tees, UK
| | - Andrew Robinson
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Ashraf Sanduka
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katharine A Sheppard
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Yee Wah Tsang
- Department of Histopathology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Mark J Arends
- Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Soilleux
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lyzeum Ltd, Cambridge, UK
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Tahiri A, Puco K, Naji F, Kristensen VN, Alfsen GC, Farkas L, Nilsen FS, Müller S, Oldenburg J, Geisler J. Kinase activity profiling in renal cell carcinoma, benign renal tissue and in response to four different tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget 2022; 13:970-981. [PMID: 36093296 PMCID: PMC9450987 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase activity is frequently altered in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are part of the standard treatment strategy in patients with metastatic disease. However, there are still no established biomarkers to predict clinical benefits of a specific TKI. Here, we performed protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) profiling using PamChip® technology. The aim of this study was to identify differences in PTK activity between normal and malignant kidney tissue obtained from the same patient, and to investigate the inhibitory effects of TKIs frequently used in the clinics: sunitinib, pazopanib, cabozantinib and tivozanib. Briefly, our results showed that 36 kinase substrates differs (FDR < 0.05) between normal and cancer kidney tissue, where members of the Src family kinases and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway exhibit high activity in renal cancer. Furthermore, ex vivo treatment of clear cell RCC with TKIs revealed that pathways such as Rap1, Ras and PI3K pathways were strongly inhibited, whereas the neurotrophin pathway had increased activity upon TKI addition. In our assay, tivozanib and cabozantinib exhibited greater inhibitory effects on PTK activity compared to sunitinib and pazopanib, implying they might be better suitable as TKIs for selected RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andliena Tahiri
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Katarina Puco
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Faris Naji
- Pamgene International BV, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway
| | - Glenny Cecilie Alfsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Lorant Farkas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Frode S. Nilsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Stig Müller
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Urology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jan Oldenburg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- These authors contributed equally to this work
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Dobson R, Du PY, Rásó-Barnett L, Yao WQ, Chen Z, Casa C, Ei-Daly H, Farkas L, Soilleux E, Wright P, Grant JW, Rodriguez-Justo M, Follows GA, Rashed H, Fabre M, Baxter EJ, Vassiliou G, Wotherspoon A, Attygalle AD, Liu H, Du MQ. Early detection of T-cell lymphoma with T follicular helper phenotype by RHOA mutation analysis. Haematologica 2022; 107:489-499. [PMID: 33567811 PMCID: PMC8804563 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.265991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma with T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL-TFH) are a group of complex clinicopathological entities that originate from T follicular helper cells and share a similar mutation profile. Their diagnosis is often a challenge, particularly at an early stage, because of a lack of specific histological and immunophenotypic features, paucity of neoplastic T cells and prominent polymorphous infiltrate. We investigated whether the lymphoma-associated RHOA Gly17Val (c.50G>T) mutation, occurring in 60% of cases, is present in the early "reactive" lesions, and whether mutation analysis could help to advance the early diagnosis of lymphoma. The RHOA mutation was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction with a locked nucleic acid probe specific to the mutation, and a further peptide nucleic acid clamp oligonucleotide to suppress the amplification of the wild-type allele. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was highly sensitive and specific, detecting RHOA Gly17Val at an allele frequency of 0.03%, but not other changes in Gly17, nor in 61 controls. Among the 37 cases of AITL and PTCL-TFH investigated, RHOA Gly17Val was detected in 62.2% (23/37) of which 19 had multiple biopsies including preceding biopsies in ten and follow-up biopsies in 11 cases. RHOA Gly17Val was present in each of these preceding or follow-up biopsies including 18 specimens that showed no evidence of lymphoma by combined histological, immunophenotypic and clonality analyses. The mutation was seen in biopsies 0-26.5 months (mean 7.87 months) prior to the lymphoma diagnosis. Our results show that RHOA Gly17Val mutation analysis is valuable in the early detection of AITL and PTCL-TFH.
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MESH Headings
- Early Diagnosis
- Humans
- Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Mutation
- Phenotype
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Dobson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Peter Y Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Lívia Rásó-Barnett
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Wen-Qing Yao
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Calogero Casa
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Hesham Ei-Daly
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Lorant Farkas
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog
| | - Elizabeth Soilleux
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - John W Grant
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | | | - George A Follows
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Hala Rashed
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals of Leicester, East Midlands Pathology Services, Leicester
| | - Margarete Fabre
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - E Joanna Baxter
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | | | | | - Hongxiang Liu
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge.
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Puco K, Tahiri A, Naji F, Heinrich D, Kristenssen VN, Alfsen GC, Farkas L, Nilsen FS, Müller S, Oldenburg J, Geisler J. Abstract 2292: Tyrosine kinome profiling of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) constitute the backbone of treatment of metastatic (m) RCC. TKIs show great inter-individual variability of both efficacy and toxicity. The aim of this study was to compare the tyrosine kinase activity in normal and malignant kidney tissue and explore TKI effect on tumor tissue ex vivo.
Materials and methods: Human nephrectomy samples (n = 295) consecutively collected at Akershus University Hospital from 2013 to 2019 were available. For this study, 22 samples of patients with mRCC (twenty-one clear cell and one chromophobe histology) and 3 with non-metastatic disease (two clear cell and one papillary histology) were selected. Tumor and normal tissue from each patient were prepared and assessed by an experienced pathologist, and 5µg of protein lysates was extracted. Kinase activity profiling of 144 tyrosine kinase peptides was performed using PamChip Arrays for PAMSTATION12. Protein lysates from tumors were in addition treated with four different TKIs ex vivo, based on IC50; sunitinib (2.5 µM), cabozantinib (2.5 µM), pazopanib (10 µM) and tivozanib (2 µM). All data was processed and analyzed in Bionavigator V.6 (PamGene).
Results: The overall tyrosine kinase activity was increased in tumor tissue compared to normal tissue in all samples. The activity of 36 tyrosine kinases differed significantly (FDR < 0.05), with 20 kinases showing higher and 16 showing lower phosphorylation in tumor compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, adding TKIs to tumor samples ex vivo revealed different potencies of the TKIs. Tivozanib and cabozantinib showed higher inhibition potency compared to sunitinib and pazopanib. Two well-defined peptide clusters were especially affected by tivozanib and cabozantinib exposure. Compared to untreated tumor tissue, the activity of 29 kinases including common TKI targets MET, EGFR, PDGFR and FGFR was significantly reduced in cluster 1. However, we also identified reduced activity of several other kinases i.e. RB, CDK2, CLB, CAM, ZAP70 and PDK1 involved in RAS, RAP1, PI3K-AKT and prostate cancer signaling pathways. In cluster 2, 21 kinases showed increased activity upon TKI exposure, amongst them JNK, ERK, erbB1/erbB2, Shp2 and PLCγ involved in MAPK, ERBB and proteoglycans signaling pathways, and possibly accounting for subsequent TKI resistance.
Conclusion: Kinase activity differs significantly between malignant and normal kidney tissue. Furthermore, we have demonstrated different inhibitory effects of TKIs ex-vivo and identified two peptide clusters significantly affected by TKI. Further analysis of affected kinases and signaling pathways as well as correlations with clinical data for the same group of patients will be performed. To our knowledge, similar systematic comprehensive analysis of tyrosine kinase activity and correlation to clinical data has not been reported previously.
Citation Format: Katarina Puco, Andliena Tahiri, Faris Naji, Daniel Heinrich, Vessela N. Kristenssen, Glenny C. Alfsen, Lorant Farkas, Frode S. Nilsen, Stig Müller, Jan Oldenburg, Jürgen Geisler. Tyrosine kinome profiling of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2292.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Faris Naji
- 2PamGene International B.V., Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stig Müller
- 1Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Sallay P, Morgós J, Farkas L, Rusznák I, Veress G, Bartha B. On the complex forming effect of the product in ethoxylation in the presence of sodium hydroxide. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/tsd-1980-170611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kedves M, Csitos J, Törőcsik K, Rideg A, Makkos IG, Balaton D, Ozsvár A, Farkas L, Gál J. AB0248 PREVALENCE OF THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODIES IN THE NORMAL POPULATION AND IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND THEIR PREDICTIVE VALUE FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATING RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is sometimes associated with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD)1. However the relation between RA autoantibodies and thyroid autoantibodies is doubtful. However, there is no reliable data on whether concomitant positivity of level of anti-TPO in rheumatoid arthritis patients alters the efficacy of RA therapy.Objectives:To study the presence of level of autoimmune thyroid markers (thyroid peroxidase antibodies -anti-TPO-), in clinically and serologically different forms of RA, compared to serum level of anti-TPO in control population, and to study whether anti-TPO positivity in any RA group influences the risk of high disease activity and also affects the likelihood of achieving DAS-28 remission.Methods:1428 patients were included in the retrospective single-center study using the database of the Arthritis Registry of Kecskemét (ARK). 772 RA patients, subclassified according to the presence of RF and anti-MCV into seropositive RA patients (positive to one or both seromarkers), and seronegative RA (negative to both seromarkers), and 656 patients were included as control group without autoimmune diseases.Results:Elevated level of anti-TPO was found in 199/772 (26%) RA patients, compared to controls 32% (209/656). Furthermore, the level of anti-TPO was similar in seropositive and seronegative groups (24% and 27% respectively). RA patients treated with biological therapy presented higher level of anti-TPO in 28%, similarly to RA patients without biological therapy (24%). There was no relevant difference in level of anti-TPO among the groups with different disease activity (high activity: DAS28 > 5.1; - 24%; moderate activity: DAS28 ≤5.1; > 3.2; - 25%; and in low activity DAS28 ≤ 3.2; - 28% respectively).Conclusion:Our present data show that the elevated level of anti-TPO is similarly in patients with serologically different forms of RA and in the control group. The presence of anti-TPO antibody does not affect the severity of RA and the results obtained with the treatment, including that anti-TPO positivity does not increase the need for biological therapy.References:[1]Soliman E, Ghitany K, Bondok M, et al AB0343 Thyroid Autoantibodies in Seropositive Versus Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is There a Link? Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2015;74:1008.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Yao WQ, Wu F, Zhang W, Chuang SS, Thompson JS, Chen Z, Zhang SW, Clipson A, Wang M, Liu H, Bibawi H, Huang Y, Campos L, Grant JW, Wright P, Ei-Daly H, Rásó-Barnett L, Farkas L, Follows GA, Gao Z, Attygalle AD, Ashton-Key M, Liu W, Du MQ. Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma contains multiple clonal T-cell populations derived from a common TET2 mutant progenitor cell. J Pathol 2020; 250:346-357. [PMID: 31859368 PMCID: PMC7064999 DOI: 10.1002/path.5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a neoplastic proliferation of T follicular helper cells with clinical and histological presentations suggesting a role of antigenic drive in its development. Genetically, it is characterized by a stepwise acquisition of somatic mutations, with early mutations involving epigenetic regulators (TET2, DNMT3A) and occurring in haematopoietic stem cells, with subsequent changes involving signaling molecules (RHOA, VAV1, PLCG1, CD28) critical for T‐cell biology. To search for evidence of potential oncogenic cooperation between genetic changes and intrinsic T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, we investigated somatic mutations and T‐cell receptor β (TRB) rearrangement in 119 AITL, 11 peripheral T‐cell lymphomas with T follicular helper phenotype (PTCL‐TFH), and 25 PTCL‐NOS using Fluidigm polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We confirmed frequent TET2, DNMT3A, and RHOA mutations in AITL (72%, 34%, 61%) and PTCL‐TFH (73%, 36%, 45%) and showed multiple TET2 mutations (2 or 3) in 57% of the involved AITL and PTCL‐TFH. Clonal TRB rearrangement was seen in 76 cases with multiple functional rearrangements (2–4) in 18 cases (24%). In selected cases, we confirmed bi‐clonal T‐cell populations and further demonstrated that these independent T‐cell populations harboured identical TET2 mutations by using BaseScope in situ hybridization, suggesting their derivation from a common TET2 mutant progenitor cell population. Furthermore, both T‐cell populations expressed CD4. Finally, in comparison with tonsillar TFH cells, both AITL and PTCL‐TFH showed a significant overrepresentation of several TRB variable family members, particularly TRBV19*01. Our findings suggest the presence of parallel neoplastic evolutions from a common TET2 mutant haematopoietic progenitor pool in AITL and PTCL‐TFH, albeit to be confirmed in a large series of cases. The biased TRBV usage in these lymphomas suggests that antigenic stimulation may play an important role in predilection of T cells to clonal expansion and malignant transformation. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Yao
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Fangtian Wu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | | | - Joe S Thompson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zi Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shao-Wei Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandra Clipson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hongxiang Liu
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hani Bibawi
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuanxue Huang
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luis Campos
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - John W Grant
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penny Wright
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hesham Ei-Daly
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lívia Rásó-Barnett
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorant Farkas
- The Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - George A Follows
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zifen Gao
- Department of Pathology, Health Science Centre, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Farkas L, Wansbrough-Jones OH. Über die photochemische Zersetzung einiger organischer Anionen und freien Säuren im ultravioletten Licht. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1932-1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Melum GR, Farkas L, Scheel C, Van Dieren B, Gran E, Liu YJ, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL, Baekkevold ES. A thymic stromal lymphopoietin-responsive dendritic cell subset mediates allergic responses in the upper airway mucosa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:613-621.e7. [PMID: 24958565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) controls allergic TH2 inflammatory responses through induction of distinct activation programs in dendritic cells (DCs). However, knowledge about TSLP receptor expression and functional consequences of receptor activation by DCs residing in the human respiratory tract is limited. OBJECTIVE We wanted to identify TSLP-responding DC populations in the human upper airway mucosa and assess the TSLP-mediated effects on such DCs in allergic airway responses. RESULTS We found that the TSLP receptor was constitutively and preferentially expressed by myeloid CD1c(+) DCs in the human airway mucosa and that the density of this DC subset in nasal mucosa increased significantly after in vivo allergen challenge of patients with allergic rhinitis. In vitro, TSLP strongly enhanced the capacity of CD1c(+) DCs to activate allergen-specific memory CD4(+) T cells. Moreover, TSLP rapidly induced CCR7 expression on CD1c(+) DCs. However, TH2 cytokines attenuated TSLP-mediated CCR7 induction, thus inhibiting the TSLP-induced DC migration potential to the draining lymph nodes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that TSLP-mediated activation of human nasal mucosal CD1c(+) DCs triggers CCR7-dependent migration to the draining lymph nodes and enhances their capacity to initiate TH2 responses. However, the observation that TH2 cytokines abrogate the induction of CCR7 implies that during a TH2-mediated inflammatory reaction, TLSP-activated CD1c(+) DCs are retained in the inflamed tissue to further exacerbate local inflammation by activating local antigen-specific memory TH2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guro R Melum
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lorant Farkas
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Scheel
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brenda Van Dieren
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Gran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yong-Jun Liu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Tex
| | - Finn-Eirik Johansen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen S Baekkevold
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Wagner
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Arzneimittellehre der Universität München
| | - L. Hörhammer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Arzneimittellehre der Universität München
| | - L. Farkas
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Technischen Universität Budapest
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Paschou P, Stylianopoulou E, Karagiannidis I, Rizzo R, Tarnok Z, Wolanczyk T, Hebebrand J, Nöthen MM, Lehmkuhl G, Farkas L, Nagy P, Szymanska U, Lykidis D, Androutsos C, Tsironi V, Koumoula A, Barta C, Klidonas S, Ypsilantis P, Simopoulos C, Skavdis G, Grigoriou M. Evaluation of the LIM homeobox genes LHX6 and LHX8 as candidates for Tourette syndrome. Genes Brain Behav 2012; 11:444-51. [PMID: 22435649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathophysiology of Tourette Syndrome (TS) remain poorly understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that a complex genetic background and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit are involved. The role of Lhx6 and Lhx8 in the development of the striatal interneurons, prompted us to investigate them as novel candidate genes for TS. We performed a comparative study of the expression of Lhx6 and Lhx8 and investigated genetic association with TS using two samples of trios (TSGeneSEE and German sample - 222 families). We show that Lhx6 and Lhx8 expression in the forebrain is evolutionarily conserved, underlining their possible importance in TS-related pathophysiological pathways. Our tagging-single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP)-based association analysis was negative for association with LHX8. However, we found positive association with LHX6 in the TSGeneSEE sample (corrected P-value = 0.006 for three-site haplotype around SNP rs3808901) but no association in the sample of German families. Interestingly, the SNP allele that was identified to be significantly associated in the TSGeneSEE dataset, showed an opposite trend of transmission in the German dataset. Our analysis of the correlation of the LHX6 region with individual ancestry within Europe, revealed the fact that this particular SNP demonstrates a high degree of population differentiation and is correlated with the North to South axis of European genetic variation. Our results indicate that further study of the LHX6 gene in relation to the TS phenotype is warranted and suggest the intriguing hypothesis that different genetic factors may contribute to the etiology of TS in different populations, even within Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Paschou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Panepistimioupoli, Dragana, Greece.
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Shi W, Kolb M. Apoptosis and disturbed cellular composition in experimental emphysema. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pytel A, Damasdi M, Frick A, Schmidt E, Zambo K, Farkas L. MP-05.05: Surgical Management of Low and Medium Risk Penile Cancers, with Isotope Guided Sentinel Lymphnode Biopsy Technic. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Inman M, Shi W, Kolb M. BMP-Antagonist Gremlin induziert fibroblastische Foci und EMT in der Rattenlunge. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Farkas L, Farkas D, Ask K, Möller A, Gauldie J, Margetts P, Inman M, Kolb M. VEGF verbessert Pulmonale Hypertonie in einem Lungenfibrosemodell durch verminderte Apoptose mikrovaskulärer Endothelzellen. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Skrindo I, Farkas L, Kvale EO, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL. Depletion of CD4+CD25+CD127lo regulatory T cells does not increase allergen-driven T cell activation. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:1752-9. [PMID: 18681851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that allergic diseases are caused by defective suppression of allergen-specific Th2 cells by CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. However, such studies have been hampered by the difficulty in distinguishing regulatory T cells from CD25-expressing activated T cells. Recently, it was shown that conventional T cells expressed high levels of CD127, whereas regulatory T cells were CD127(lo), allowing discrimination between these distinct T cell subpopulations. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study whether the putative regulatory subset defined as CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo) was involved in grass pollen-reactive T cell responses. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from allergic donors and non-atopic controls out of season. Grass pollen-induced cytokine production and proliferation were compared in cultures of undepleted cells and cells depleted of CD4(+)CD25(+), CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(hi) or CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo) T cells. RESULTS Undepleted cell cultures from allergic patients showed significantly increased proliferation and Th2 cytokine production compared with non-atopic controls. Depletion of all CD25(+) T cells did not increase cytokine production or proliferation, and more importantly, no increase in Th2 cytokine production or proliferation was observed in cell cultures depleted of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(lo) cells (putative regulatory T cells) compared with undepleted PBMCs in both the allergic and the non-atopic group. CONCLUSION Our study showed that T cells from grass pollen-allergic patients and non-atopic controls responded very differently to grass pollen extract, but this difference could not be explained by differences in regulatory T cell function. Further studies are needed to understand the importance of regulatory T cells in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Skrindo
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation and acute exacerbations are pathophysiological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). An impaired immune response to bacterial pathogens can contribute to both of them. Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular receptor of innate immunity for muramyldipeptide (MDP). Mutations of the NOD2 gene followed by decreased recognition of MDP are associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and pulmonary complications of patients with allogenic stem cell transplant and sepsis. Our study provides evidence that NOD2, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the adapter protein receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) are induced by tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B. We also demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can further increase NOD2 transcription in a TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma-induced activation state. In addition, we show that, while MDP fails to enhance CXCL-8 release from otherwise unstimulated BEAS-2B cells, a 12 h prestimulation period with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma primes the cells for an additional increase of CXCL-8 secretion via induction of NOD2 and RIP2. LPS itself significantly augments CXCL-8 production and co-administration of MDP further increases cytokine secretion. Finally, overexpression of an SNP13 mutant decreased MDP-induced chemokine production in BEAS-2B cells compared with NOD2 wild type overexpression. Taken together, our work indicates that MDP and NOD2 play an important role for CXCL-8 release of BEAS-2B cells following LPS-challenge via synergistic interactions between MDP and LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Farkas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Farkas L, Ask K, Moeller A, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Kolb M. Kompartment-spezifische Expression von TGF-β abhängigen Genen in einem Emphysem-Tiermodell. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Moeller A, Kolb M, Ask K, Farkas L, Gauldie J. Experimentelle Erzeugung unilateraler Lungenfibrose mittels Bronchoskopie. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Farkas L, Ask K, Moeller A, Farkas D, Margetts P, Gauldie J, Inman M, Kolb M. Pulmonale Hypertonie im AdTGF-β1 Lungenfibrosemodell ist assoziiert mit Verlust an vaskulärer Dichte und PEDF-vermittelter Angiogeneseinhibition. Pneumologie 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1074127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Moeller A, Ask K, Farkas L, Gauldie J, Kolb M. Bronchoskopie an Ratten: neue Methodik zur Beurteilung von Atemwegserkrankungen im Tiermodell. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Farkas L, Ask K, Möller A, Farkas D, Gauldie J, Inman M, Kolb M. Transienter Gentransfer von TGFβ1 induziert pulmonalvaskuläres Remodelling und pulmonale Hypertonie. Pneumologie 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Kvale EO, Fløisand Y, Lund-Johansen F, Rollag H, Farkas L, Ghanekar S, Brandtzaeg P, Jahnsen FL, Olweus J. Plasmacytoid DCs regulate recall responses by rapid induction of IL-10 in memory T cells. Blood 2006; 109:3369-76. [PMID: 17158235 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-06-031484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are believed to regulate T cell-mediated immunity primarily by directing differentiation of naive T cells. Here, we show that a large fraction of CD4(+) memory cells produce IL-10 within the first hours after interaction with plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs). In contrast, CD11c(+) DCs induce IFN-gamma and little IL-10. IL-10-secreting T cells isolated after 36 hours of culture with PDCs suppressed antigen-induced T-cell proliferation by an IL-10-dependent mechanism, but were distinct from natural and type 1 regulatory T cells. They proliferated strongly and continued to secrete IL-10 during expansion with PDCs, and after restimulation with immature monocyte-derived DCs or CD11c(+) DCs. The IL-10-producing T cells acquired the ability to secrete high levels of IFN-gamma after isolation and subsequent coculture with PDCs or CD11c(+) DCs. Compared to CD11c(+) DCs, PDCs were superior in their ability to selectively expand T cells that produced cytokines on repeated antigenic challenge. The DC-dependent differences in cytokine profiles were observed with viral recall antigen or staphylococcal enterotoxin B and were independent of extracellular type I interferon or IL-10. Our results show that DCs can regulate memory responses and that PDCs rapidly induce regulatory cytokines in effector T cells that can suppress bystander activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen O Kvale
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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Farkas L, Kvale EO, Lund-Johansen F, Jahnsen FL. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells induce a distinct cytokine pattern in virus-specific CD4+ memory T cells that is modulated by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:404-11. [PMID: 16970682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inherent properties of dendritic cell (DC) subsets are important in the regulation of naïve T-cell differentiation (e.g. Th1 versus Th2 cells), whereas effector memory T cells are believed to produce a fixed cytokine repertoire independent of the type of antigen presenting cell. Here we show that two distinct human DC subsets, plasmacytoid DC (PDC) and myeloid CD11c+ DC, induced autologous mumps virus-specific memory CD4(+) T cells to produce markedly different cytokine patterns upon antigen stimulation. PDC stimulated the T cells to produce gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-(IL)-10, whereas CD11c+ DC induced lower levels of IFN-gamma, virtually no IL-10, but significant levels of IL-5. Analysis of intracellular cytokine production showed simultaneous production of IL-10 and IFN-gamma in mumps-specific T cells activated by PDC, a cytokine pattern similar to that described for Th1-like regulatory cells. Introduction of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in PDC/T-cell co-cultures had synergistic effect on virus-dependent IFN-gamma production, whereas the other cytokines remained unchanged. Together, our results show that the type of DC involved in reactivation of previously primed T cells may have significant impact on the resulting cytokine response and suggest that targeting of viral antigens and adjuvant to specific DC subsets should be considered in the design of therapeutic antiviral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Farkas
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
In recent years, the study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has revealed a central role for type I interferon (IFN) in disease pathogenesis. IFN induces the unabated activation of peripheral dendritic cells, which select and activate autoreactive T cells rather than deleting them, thus failing to induce peripheral tolerance. IFN also directly affects T cells and B cells. Furthermore, immune complexes binding to FcgammaR and Toll-like receptors provide an amplification loop for IFN production and B-cell activation in SLE. Polymorphisms in genes that control IFN production or its downstream signaling pathway, such as IRF5, might be responsible for some of these alterations. This novel information is leading to the development of IFN antagonists as a potential therapeutic intervention in SLE, thus bringing hope to SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, 3434 Live Oak Street, Suite 205, Dallas, TX 75204, USA.
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Hamann LI, Holler E, Brennmoehl J, Rogler G, Farkas L, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. NOD2/CARD15 Mutationen von Spender und Empfänger sind assoziiert mit einem beschleunigten Lungenfunktionsverlust nach allogener Knochenmarktransplantation. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Farkas L, Jentsch N, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. Expression von CXCR1 und CXCR2 in primären Bronchialepithelzellen von Patienten mit chronisch-obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankung (COPD) und Kontrollpatienten ohne Atemwegsobstruktion. Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-934007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Farkas L, Heitzer S, Stoelcker B, Jentsch N, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. Verstärkte Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Freisetzung aus bronchialen Epithelzellen nach Stimulation mit dem NOD2-Liganden Muramyldipeptid (MDP). Pneumologie 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-933870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kvale EØ, Dalgaard J, Lund-Johansen F, Rollag H, Farkas L, Midtvedt K, Jahnsen FL, Brinchmann JE, Olweus J. CD11c+ dendritic cells and plasmacytoid DCs are activated by human cytomegalovirus and retain efficient T cell-stimulatory capability upon infection. Blood 2005; 107:2022-9. [PMID: 16269620 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-05-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) evades the immune system by infecting and paralyzing antigen-presenting cells. This view is based mainly on studies of dendritic cells (DCs) obtained after culture of monocytes (moDCs). It is contradicted by the asymptomatic course of HCMV infection in healthy persons, indicating that other key antigen-presenting cells induce an efficient immune response. Here we show that HCMV activates CD11c+ DCs and plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs). In contrast to moDCs, CD11c+ DCs and PDCs produced interferon (IFN) type 1 when exposed to HCMV. Autocrine IFN type 1 partially protected CD11c+ DCs against infection, whereas PDCs were resistant to HCMV even when IFN type 1 activity was inhibited. HCMV exposure induced the maturation of CD11c+ DCs by IFN type 1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Importantly, CD11c+ DCs infected by inhibiting IFN type 1 activity retained full capacity to stimulate T cells. Renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive treatment had lower frequencies of CD11c+ DCs and PDCs in blood than did healthy controls. The results show that HCMV activates the immune system by interacting with CD11c+ DCs and PDCs and that recipients of renal transplants have low frequencies of these cell types in blood.
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Farkas L, Stoelcker B, Jentsch N, Schulz C, Pfeifer M. Expression von NOD2/CARD15 und RIP2 in bronchialen Epithelzellen (BEAS-2B). Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Farkas L, Krätzel K, Jentsch N, Pfeifer M, Schulz C. Expression von CXCR1 und CXCR2 auf humanen bronchialen Epithelzellen. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Haddeland U, Karstensen AB, Farkas L, Bø KO, Pirhonen J, Karlsson M, Kvåvik W, Brandtzaeg P, Nakstad B. Putative regulatory T cells are impaired in cord blood from neonates with hereditary allergy risk. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16:104-12. [PMID: 15787866 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hygiene hypothesis implies that the increasing prevalence of allergy in 'westernized' countries is explained by reduced bacterial exposure in early life, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We therefore wanted to study the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the generation of regulatory T (T(R)) cells in neonates, and to analyze differences between neonates with allergy risk because of a family history of atopy (FH+) and controls without such hereditary risk (FH-). Cord blood mononuclear cells from the FH+ and FH- groups were stimulated with beta-lactoglobulin in the presence of LPS. T-cell phenotypes suggestive of T(R) cells [CD25+, CD25high and integrin (CD103+)], and the intracellular proliferation antigen Ki-67 were quantified by flow cytometry. Release of the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) from its inactive complex was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The analyses revealed the generation of T-cell phenotypes suggestive of T(R) cells including a CD25high T-cell subset which was inversely related to T-cell proliferation (r=-0.54, p<0.05) and to activation-induced release of TGF-beta1 (r=-0.80, p<0.001). The CD25high T-cell subset tended to be impaired in the FH+ group (% of CD3+ T cells: FH+, 5.1% vs. FH-, 12.6%), and notably, the FH+ group showed a significantly reduced capacity for generation of both CD25+ (FH+, 16.2% vs. FH-, 34.9%; p<0.01) and T cells (FH+, 2.1% vs. FH-, 3.9%; p<0.05). Our findings suggested that early-life exposure to a dietary antigen in the presence of LPS might modulate the immune system by generating T(R) cells. This capacity was impaired in neonates with hereditary allergy risk, but clinical follow-up will be required to determine a possible effect on allergy emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni Haddeland
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Farkas L, Kvale EO, Johansen FE, Jahnsen FL, Lund-Johansen F. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells activate allergen-specific TH2 memory cells: modulation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:436-43. [PMID: 15316529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) accumulate in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients, but their function in upper airway allergy has not been determined. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, potent adjuvants in immunotherapeutic strategies in animal models, are especially effective at activating PDCs. These cells are therefore potential targets for immunomodulation in humans. OBJECTIVE In this study, PDCs were compared with CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), a very potent antigen-presenting cell type, for their capacity to induce allergen-dependent activation of TH2 memory cells. Then, we investigated whether CpG-activated PDCs were able to modulate the allergen-specific TH2 memory response. METHODS DCs were isolated from patients with upper airway allergy and cocultured with autologous CD4+ T cells with or without grass pollen extract and CpG. In some experiments cells were restimulated with allergen-pulsed monocyte-derived DCs. T-cell activation was measured by their proliferative response and cytokine production. RESULTS PDCs stimulated allergen-dependent T-cell proliferation and TH2 cytokine production as efficiently as CD11c+ DCs. CpG-activated PDCs inhibited allergen-dependent proliferation of TH2 memory cells and markedly increased IFN-gamma production in PDC/T-cell cocultures; the former effect depended on the CpG-induced IFN-alpha/beta production by the PDCs. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that PDCs efficiently drive allergen-dependent TH2 memory responses, suggesting that they play an active role in the allergic reaction. However, in the presence of CpG, PDCs were responsible for increased production of the TH1-related cytokines IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma, indicating that mucosal PDCs may be targets for CpG-based immunotherapeutic strategies against airway allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorant Farkas
- Section for Immune Regulation and Allergy, LIIPAT, Institute of Pathology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Norway.
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Szalai M, Szigeti J, Farkas L, Varga L, Réti A, Zukál E. Effect of headspace CO2concentration on shelf-life of cooked meat products. Acta Alimentaria 2004. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.33.2004.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Andrási F, Berzsenyi P, Farkas L, Körösi J, Hámori T, Botka P, Ling I, Láng T. Omeprazole and talampanel as two examples of retrometabolic drug design. Pharmazie 2004; 59:365-6. [PMID: 15212302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The goal of retrometabolic drug design is: "to design safe, locally active compounds with an improved therapeutic index". Here we describe two cases from our own practice, talampanel and omeprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andrási
- IVAX Drug Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
In vitro studies have reported that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) exert multiple functions, including production of interferon (IFN)-alpha as effector cells and regulation of T-cell responses as mature DCs. Here we review recent data obtained in situ showing that PDCs accumulate in lesions of type I IFN-related disorders (virus infections and lupus erythematosus), Th2 cell-dominated allergic reactions, and ovarian carcinoma. These results demonstrate that PDCs do migrate to peripheral tissues during inflammation, which lends further support to the view that PDCs most likely are important players in innate and adaptive immunity in vivo. Future research should aim at defining the exact pathogenic or defense roles of PDCs in such disorders and determine whether these cells are potential targets for therapeutic intervention in microbial infections, allergy, autoimmunity, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode L Jahnsen
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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Schulz C, Farkas L, Wolf K, Kratzel K, Eissner G, Pfeifer M. Differences in LPS-induced activation of bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) and type II-like pneumocytes (A-549). Scand J Immunol 2002; 56:294-302. [PMID: 12193231 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a major component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria stimulates various cells to initiate a signalling cascade which ultimately leads to cell activation and expression of immunoregulatory or inflammatory cytokines. The human respiratory epithelium is an important environmental interface, but differences in LPS-induced cell activation between bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells have not yet been investigated in detail. First, the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as pattern-recognition receptors, was investigated for the bronchial epithelial cells and type II-like pneumocytes, demonstrating that they fulfil the prerequisites for LPS signalling. Thereafter, the effects of LPS, soluble CD14 (sCD14) and LPS-binding protein (LBP) on the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 were studied. In the presence of LPS, sCD14 induced a significant and concentration-dependent cytokine release in type II-like pneumocytes, whereas the response of bronchial epithelial cells to sCD14 stimulation was low, implicating sCD14-independent activation mechanisms. Furthermore, LBP revealed inhibitory effects on the activation of alveolar epithelial cells, which may represent a novel local defence mechanism during gram-negative infection. We conclude that distinct pathways exist for LPS-induced activation of bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum der Universität Regensburg, Germany.
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