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Andersen LVB, Larsen MJ, Davies H, Degasperi A, Nielsen HR, Jensen LA, Kroeldrup L, Gerdes AM, Lænkholm AV, Kruse TA, Nik-Zainal S, Thomassen M. Non-BRCA1/BRCA2 high-risk familial breast cancers are not associated with a high prevalence of BRCAness. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:69. [PMID: 37316882 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial breast cancer is in most cases unexplained due to the lack of identifiable pathogenic variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The somatic mutational landscape and in particular the extent of BRCA-like tumour features (BRCAness) in these familial breast cancers where germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations have not been identified is to a large extent unknown. METHODS We performed whole-genome sequencing on matched tumour and normal samples from high-risk non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer families to understand the germline and somatic mutational landscape and mutational signatures. We measured BRCAness using HRDetect. As a comparator, we also analysed samples from BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation carriers. RESULTS We noted for non-BRCA1/BRCA2 tumours, only a small proportion displayed high HRDetect scores and were characterized by concomitant promoter hypermethylation or in one case a RAD51D splice variant previously reported as having unknown significance to potentially explain their BRCAness. Another small proportion showed no features of BRCAness but had mutationally active tumours. The remaining tumours lacked features of BRCAness and were mutationally quiescent. CONCLUSIONS A limited fraction of high-risk familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast cancer patients is expected to benefit from treatment strategies against homologue repair deficient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars V B Andersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin J Larsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helen Davies
- Hutchison Research Centre, Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Lv 6 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrea Degasperi
- Hutchison Research Centre, Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Lv 6 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Louise A Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lone Kroeldrup
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Vibeke Lænkholm
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Torben A Kruse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Hutchison Research Centre, Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- Academic Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Lv 6 Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- European Sperm Bank, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
- Clinical Genome Center, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Abstract
Vascular dysfunction has been described in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, previous gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Factors contributing to vascular changes remain uncertain. The aim of this review was to summarize vascular structure and function changes found to occur in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify factors that contribute to vascular dysfunction. A systematic search of electronic databases yielded 15 publications from 1998 to March 2014 that met the inclusion criteria. Our review confirmed that previous gestational diabetes mellitus contributes to vascular dysfunction, and the most consistent risk factor associated with previous gestational diabetes mellitus and vascular dysfunction was elevated body mass index. Heterogeneity existed across studies in determining the relationship of glycaemic levels and insulin resistance to vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Jensen
- Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Constance L Chik
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edmond A Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ajala O, Jensen LA, Ryan E, Chik C. Women with a history of gestational diabetes on long-term follow up have normal vascular function despite more dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and adiposity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 110:309-14. [PMID: 26489823 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous gestational diabetes (GDM) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and increased metabolic risk, but the link with vascular dysfunction is not clear. This study examined vascular function in women 4-10 years after a diagnosis of GDM who had a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the first postpartum year. METHODS We studied 90 women with a history of GDM and 59 age-matched controls, examining differences in insulin resistance as measured by the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and glucose responses during an OGTT, adiposity, lipid profile and C-reactive protein (CRP). Using pulse wave analysis, we also measured cardiac function, vascular compliance, and systemic vascular resistance. RESULTS Women with a history of GDM had higher measures of adiposity (body mass index 28.9 ± 6.5 vs. 26.6 ± 6.9 kg/m(2), P=0.04, waist-hip ratio 0.85 ± 0.06 vs. 0.79 ± 0.07, P<0.001), dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol 2.78 ± 0.64 vs. 2.41 ± 0.56 mmol/L, P<0.001, total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol 3.93 ± 1.2 vs. 3.21 ± 0.82 mmol/L, P<0.001) and abnormal glucose metabolism (50% vs. 12%, P<0.001). However, there was no difference in CRP, HOMA-IR, or measures of cardiovascular function including pulse rate, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, small and large artery elasticity index. After controlling for adiposity, blood pressure, lipids and CRP, glycemic status did not contribute to vascular function. CONCLUSION Despite a higher incidence of adiposity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glycemia, women with a history of GDM who had a normal postpartum OGTT did not have impaired vascular function 4-10 years postpartum, when compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Ajala
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 9th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
| | - Louise A Jensen
- Faculty of Nursing Level 3 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Edmond Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 9th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Constance Chik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, 9th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality assurance is increasingly important in the current health care climate. An electronic database can be used for tracking patient information and as a research tool to provide quality assurance for patient care. OBJECTIVE An electronic database was developed for the Acute Pain Service, University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) to record patient characteristics, identify at-risk populations, compare treatment efficacies and guide practice decisions. METHOD Steps in the database development involved identifying the goals for use, relevant variables to include, and a plan for data collection, entry and analysis. Protocols were also created for data cleaning quality control. The database was evaluated with a pilot test using existing data to assess data collection burden, accuracy and functionality of the database. RESULTS A literature review resulted in an evidence-based list of demographic, clinical and pain management outcome variables to include. Time to assess patients and collect the data was 20 min to 30 min per patient. Limitations were primarily software related, although initial data collection completion was only 65% and accuracy of data entry was 96%. CONCLUSIONS The electronic database was found to be relevant and functional for the identified goals of data storage and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandy L Love
- Adult Acute Apin Service, University of Alberta Hospital.
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5
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Carbonneau M, Jensen LA, Bain VG, Kelly K, Meeberg G, Tandon P. Alcohol use while on the liver transplant waiting list: a single-center experience. Liver Transpl 2010; 16:91-7. [PMID: 19866447 DOI: 10.1002/lt.21957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading indication for liver transplantation. Our center has randomly checked blood alcohol levels (BALs) in ALD patients on the waiting list since 2004. We aimed to identify the incidence and predictors of inactivation on the transplant list due to alcohol use and to determine the utility of BAL-screening in this process. We conducted a retrospective review of patients with ALD listed for liver transplantation with at least 3 months of postlisting follow-up. Alcohol use while on the transplant list was defined as a positive BAL, an admission of alcohol use, or refusal to perform screening within 12 hours of request. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs). Of 134 patients meeting eligibility criteria, 78% were male, and mean age was 52 years. Alcohol use was documented in 23 patients (17%). Of these, 12 refused to have a random screen, 8 had detectable serum ethanol levels, and 3 had self-reported alcohol use. On multivariable analysis, a higher number of random BAL-checks [RR = 0.63(0.52, 0.76), P = 0.001] and a longer duration of prelisting abstinence [RR = 0.88(0.83, 0.94), P = 0.001] independently reduced the risk of alcohol use by patients while on the waiting list. None of the patients with >24 months of prelisting abstinence had a positive screen. In conclusion, this study supports random BAL-screening before transplantation and reinforces the importance of abstinence duration as a predictor of relapse. For patients with <24 months of prelisting abstinence, our center will increase the frequency of random BAL screening and increase the rehabilitation requirements to include an intensive 3-week rehabilitation program. We hope that these measures will reduce the rate of relapse to alcohol use post-transplantation.
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Abstract
A survey was performed to determine if infection with gastrointestinal parasites differs between the rural and urban poor inhabitants of Guatemala. A total of 317 stool samples from children in two towns, one rural and one urban, were examined using the formalin-ether concentration method. The overall prevalence of parasites in infected children was 67%, 20%, 30%, and 22%, respectively for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica in the rural town of La Mano de Leon and 49%, 14%, 15%, and 21%, respectively in the urban town of Santa Maria de Jesus. Two sub-studies were carried out to determine the effects of (1) gender and (2) age on the rate of parasitic infections. Female children in the 1-to 6-year-olds age group in Santa Maria de Jesus had more infections with A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura when compared to La Mano de Leon. A. lumbricoides was most prevalent in Santa Maria de Jesus. These results propose that accessibility to tourism and trade decreases the risk for the establishment of parasitic diseases in children of Guatemala possibly due to improvements in basic nutrition and availability of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Sciences, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Seyon RA, Jensen LA, Ferguson IA, Williams RG. Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and hydration versus placebo and hydration in decreasing contrast-induced renal dysfunction in patients undergoing coronary angiography with or without concomitant percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Lung 2007; 36:195-204. [PMID: 17509426 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contrast-induced renal dysfunction is an iatrogenic complication that occurs more frequently in patients with preexisting renal dysfunction. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo, controlled trial was completed to assess the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in decreasing the incidence of contrast-induced renal dysfunction in patients with an acute coronary syndrome and renal insufficiency who underwent coronary angiography with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS With similar intravenous hydration protocols, 20 patients received N-acetylcysteine (treatment group) and 20 patients received placebo (control group) in a twice per day dosing regimen with one dose before and three doses after contrast media exposure. RESULTS The two groups were similar at baseline on demographic and clinical characteristics, and preexisting renal insufficiency. Contrast-induced renal dysfunction, defined as an increase in serum creatinine greater than 44 micromol/L (.5 mg/dL) and/or 25% above baseline within 48 hours, occurred in 7.5% of the cohort, with 2.5% in the treatment group, and 5% in the control group, for an absolute difference of 2.5%. There was no difference in serum creatinine or creatinine clearance at 24 hours or at 48 hours between the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this cohort gained no added protection to renal function with the use of N-acetylcysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajamalar A Seyon
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Alexandra Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Elberling B, Søndergaard J, Jensen LA, Schmidt LB, Hansen BU, Asmund G, Zunić TB, Hollesen J, Hanson S, Jansson PE, Friborg T. Arctic vegetation damage by winter-generated coal mining pollution released upon thawing. Environ Sci Technol 2007; 41:2407-13. [PMID: 17441279 DOI: 10.1021/es061457x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (known as AMD) is a well-known environmental problem resulting from the oxidation of sulfidic mine waste. In cold regions, AMD is often considered limited by low temperatures most of the year and observed environmental impact is related to pollution generated during the warm summer period. Here we show that heat generation within an oxidizing, sulfidic, coal-mining waste-rock pile in Svalbard (78 degrees N) is high enough to keep the pile warm (roughly 5 degrees C throughout the year) despite mean annual air temperatures below -5 degrees C. Consequently, weathering processes continue year-round within the waste-rock pile. During the winter, weathering products accumulate within the pile because of a frozen outer layer on the pile and are released as a flush within 2 weeks of soil thawing in the spring. Consequently, spring runoff water contains elevated concentrations of metals. Several of these metals are taken up and accumulated in plants where they reach phytotoxic levels, including aluminum and manganese. Laboratory experiments document that uptake of Al and Mn in native plant species is highly correlated with dissolved concentrations. Therefore, future remedial actions to control the adverse environmental impacts of cold region coal-mining need to pay more attention to winter processes including AMD generation and accumulation of weathering products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Elberling
- Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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McLean SE, Jensen LA, Schroeder DG, Gibney NRT, Skjodt NM. Improving adherence to a mechanical ventilation weaning protocol for critically ill adults: outcomes after an implementation program. Am J Crit Care 2006; 15:299-309. [PMID: 16632772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite multiple reminders, education sessions, and multidisciplinary team involvement, adherence to an evidence-based mechanical ventilation weaning protocol had been less than 1% in a general systems intensive care unit since implementation. OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of using an implementation program, the Model for Accelerating Improvement, to improve adherence and clinical outcomes after restarting a mechanical ventilation weaning protocol in an adult general systems intensive care unit. METHODS A prospective comparative design, before and after implementation of the Model for Accelerating Improvement, was used with a consecutive sample of 129 patients and 112 multidisciplinary team members. Clinical outcomes were rate of unsuccessful extubations, rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and duration of mechanical ventilation; practice outcomes were staff's understanding of the mechanical ventilation weaning protocol, perceptions of the practice safety climate, and adherence to the weaning protocol. RESULTS After the intervention, the rate of unsuccessful extubations decreased, and staff's understanding of and adherence to the weaning protocol increased significantly. The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation, and staff's perceptions of the practice safety climate did not change significantly. CONCLUSION Implementing the Model for Accelerating Improvement improved understanding of and adherence to protocol-directed weaning and reduced the rate of unsuccessful extubations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E McLean
- University of Alberta Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CA
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10
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McLean SE, Jensen LA, Schroeder DG, Gibney NRT, Skjodt NM. Improving Adherence to a Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Protocol for Critically Ill Adults: Outcomes After an Implementation Program. Am J Crit Care 2006. [DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2006.15.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
• Background Despite multiple reminders, education sessions, and multidisciplinary team involvement, adherence to an evidence-based mechanical ventilation weaning protocol had been less than 1% in a general systems intensive care unit since implementation.
• Objective To assess the effectiveness of using an implementation program, the Model for Accelerating Improvement, to improve adherence and clinical outcomes after restarting a mechanical ventilation weaning protocol in an adult general systems intensive care unit.
• Methods A prospective comparative design, before and after implementation of the Model for Accelerating Improvement, was used with a consecutive sample of 129 patients and 112 multidisciplinary team members. Clinical outcomes were rate of unsuccessful extubations, rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, and duration of mechanical ventilation; practice outcomes were staff’s understanding of the mechanical ventilation weaning protocol, perceptions of the practice safety climate, and adherence to the weaning protocol.
• Results After the intervention, the rate of unsuccessful extubations decreased, and staff’s understanding of and adherence to the weaning protocol increased significantly. The rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia, duration of mechanical ventilation, and staff’s perceptions of the practice safety climate did not change significantly.
• Conclusion Implementing the Model for Accelerating Improvement improved understanding of and adherence to protocol-directed weaning and reduced the rate of unsuccessful extubations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. McLean
- University of Alberta Hospital (sem, dgs), University of Alberta (laj, nrtg, nms), Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Louise A. Jensen
- University of Alberta Hospital (sem, dgs), University of Alberta (laj, nrtg, nms), Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Dallas G. Schroeder
- University of Alberta Hospital (sem, dgs), University of Alberta (laj, nrtg, nms), Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Noel R. T. Gibney
- University of Alberta Hospital (sem, dgs), University of Alberta (laj, nrtg, nms), Edmonton, Alberta
| | - Neil M. Skjodt
- University of Alberta Hospital (sem, dgs), University of Alberta (laj, nrtg, nms), Edmonton, Alberta
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11
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Norris CM, Jensen LA, Galbraith PD, Graham MM, Daub WD, Knudtson ML, Ghali WA. Referral rate and outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac catheterization in a large Canadian city. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 24:392-400. [PMID: 15632774 DOI: 10.1097/00008483-200411000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients with coronary artery disease are extensive and compelling, demonstrating reductions in mortality. However, some reports suggest that only 10% to 20% of eligible patients currently participate in formal CR programs. The purpose of this study was to identify the proportion of patients referred to CR in a large Canadian city, and to determine their statistically adjusted survival rates relative to patients not referred to CR. METHODS Subjects eligible for this study included all adult residents with coronary artery disease from 1995 to 1999 in the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease registry. All 5,081 patients who survived 6 months or more after catheterization were included in the analysis. Survival data were adjusted using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Referral to a CR program (28.9% of patients) was significantly more likely for young male patients who had undergone a prior revascularization procedure, presented with an ejection fraction exceeding 50%, and did not report cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, or renal disease. Crude hazard ratios indicated that referral to a CR program remained significantly associated with lower mortality after control was used for clinical, anatomic, treatment and comorbid conditions recorded at catheterization (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.90; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS Despite the proven efficacy of CR in clinical trials, fewer than one third of the patients undergoing cardiac catheterization are referred to a CR program. The better survival outcomes noted for patients referred to CR suggests that there is an opportunity to improve care and outcomes through increased referral of patients to such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Norris
- 4-112G Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3, Canada.
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12
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Laubach HE, Bentley CZ, Ginter EL, Spalter JS, Jensen LA. A study of risk factors associated with the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in villages around Lake Atitlan, Guatemala. Braz J Infect Dis 2004; 8:319-23. [PMID: 15565263 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-86702004000400008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is an endemic, zoonotic coccidian parasitosis that is highly prevalent in third-world countries where waterborne fecal contamination of food and drink or person-to-person contact with oocysts are the most common methods of transmission of the enteric protozoan. This type of transmission of the parasite made the villages around Lake Atitlan, Guatemala a unique site to compare environmental risk factors with the level of Cryptosporidium infections in the local residents. The study was carried out in two villages, San Antonio Palopo and Santa Catarina Palopo, located in the highlands above the shores of the lake. Smears from stool specimens of patients with gastroenteritis were processed using Kinyoun's modified acid-fast stain and observed with light microscopy. Of the 100 residents examined from the two villages, 32% had Cryptosporidium infections. Female children had the highest prevalence of infection (44% in San Antonio Palopo and 46% in Santa Catarina Palopo, p<0.05), and they also had significantly higher infection rates than males, 50% vs. 17%, respectively. The prevalence rate was not influenced by the season of the year or by the location of the residents. We found differences in prevalence rates due to age and gender, and we suggest that the high infection rates of specific groups are associated with their exposure to the contaminated water supply from Lake Atitlan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Laubach
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33328, USA.
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Norris CM, Ghali WA, Galbraith PD, Graham MM, Jensen LA, Knudtson ML. Women with coronary artery disease report worse health-related quality of life outcomes compared to men. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2004; 2:21. [PMID: 15128455 PMCID: PMC420257 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-2-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there have been substantial medical advances that improve the outcomes following cardiac ischemic events, gender differences in the treatment and course of recovery for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) continue to exist. There is a general paucity of data comparing the health related quality of life (HRQOL) in men and women undergoing treatment for CAD. The purpose of this study was to compare HRQOL outcomes of men and women in Alberta, at one-year following initial catheterization, after adjustment for known demographic, co-morbid, and disease severity predictors of outcome. METHOD The HRQOL outcome data were collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire mailed to patients on or near the one-year anniversary of their initial cardiac catheterization. Using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), 5 dimensions of HRQOL were measured: exertional capacity, anginal stability, anginal frequency, quality of life and treatment satisfaction. Data from the APPROACH registry were used to risk-adjust the SAQ scale scores. Two analytical strategies were used including general least squares linear modeling, and proportional odds modeling sometimes referred to as the "ordinal logistic modeling". RESULTS 3392 (78.1%) patients responded to the follow-up survey. The adjusted proportional odds ratios for men relative to women (PORs > 1 = better) indicated that men reported significantly better HRQOL on all 5 SAQ dimensions as compared to women. (PORs: Exertional Capacity 3.38 (2.75-4.15), Anginal Stability 1.23 (1.03-1.47), Anginal Frequency 1.70 (1.43-2.01), Treatment Satisfaction 1.27 (1.07-1.50), and QOL 1.74 (1.48-2.04). CONCLUSIONS Women with CAD consistently reported worse HRQOL at one year follow-up compared to men. These findings underline the fact that conclusions based on research performed on men with CAD may not be valid for women and that more gender-related research is needed. Future studies are needed to further examine gender differences in psychosocial adjustment following treatment for CAD, as adjustment for traditional clinical variables fails to explain sex differences in health related quality of life outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, 4-112G Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - William A Ghali
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health and Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - P Diane Galbraith
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health and Policy Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle M Graham
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Louise A Jensen
- Faculty of Nursing, 4-112G Clinical Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G3 Canada
| | - Merril L Knudtson
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Romyn DM, Allen MN, Boschma G, Duncan SM, Edgecombe N, Jensen LA, Ross-Kerr JC, Marck P, Salsali M, Tourangeau AE, Warnock F. The notion of evidence in evidence-based practice by the Nursing Philosophy Working Group. J Prof Nurs 2003; 19:184-8. [PMID: 12964138 DOI: 10.1016/s8755-7223(03)00087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Questions concerning the nature of evidence in evidence-based practice have kindled debate within nursing and other health care disciplines. Such questions include the ends for which evidence is sought, the form(s) of evidence, and the values underlying evidence-based practice. In this article, some of the issues, contradictions, and tensions implicit in these questions are highlighted. It is imperative that the nursing profession continue to explore the philosophic perspectives that underscore evidence-based practice and their implications for decision making in nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Romyn
- Institute for Philosophic Nursing Research, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the perceptions of nurses regarding do-not-resuscitate (DNR) decisions in critical care settings. DESIGN A survey assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning DNR status was distributed to all critical care nurses who were registered with the provincial licensing body in Alberta, Canada, and held positions of staff nurse, educator, or manager. METHODS Four hundred and five surveys were completed and returned. Descriptive analyses were conducted. FINDINGS The term "DNR" was found to be ambiguous. The rationale for DNR orders were also not well articulated in practice. Although nurses believed that patients, families, and nurses should participate in DNR decisions, physicians were most often cited as being responsible for the decision. CONCLUSIONS Documentation of a comprehensive patient treatment plan and awareness of the rationale for DNR designation are strategies suggested to help achieve desire patient care goals in critical care settings.
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Chang H, Jensen LA, Quesenberry P, Bertoncello I. Standardization of hematopoietic stem cell assays: a summary of a workshop and working group meeting sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute held at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD on September 8-9, 1998 and July 30, 1999. Exp Hematol 2000; 28:743-52. [PMID: 10907635 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Chang
- Division of Blood Diseases and Resources, 20892-7950, USA.
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17
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Jensen LA. The cycle of domestic violence and the barriers to treatment. Nurse Pract 2000; 25:26, 29. [PMID: 10826136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purposes of the study were to: (1) describe the aggregate strength of the relationship of arterial oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry with the standard of arterial blood gas analysis as measured by co-oximetry, (2) examine how various factors affect this relationship, and (3) describe an aggregate estimate of the bias and precision between oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry and the standard in vitro measures. DESIGN A meta-analysis was conducted. SAMPLE Seventy-four studies from 1976 to 1994 met the inclusion criteria of: (1) adult study population, (2) quantitative analysis of empirical data, and (3) bivariate correlations or bias and precision estimates between pulse oximeter and co-oximeter values. RESULTS There were a total of 169 oximeter trials on 41 oximeter models from 25 different manufacturers. Studies were conducted in various settings with a variety of subjects, with most being healthy adult volunteers. The weighted mean r, based on 39 studies (62 oximeter trials) for which the r statistic and number of data points were available, was 0.895 (var [r] = 0.014). Based on 23 studies (82 oximeter trials) for which bias and precision estimates and number of data points were available, the mean absolute bias and precision were 1.999 and 0.233, respectively. Several factors were found to affect the accuracy of pulse oximetry. CONCLUSION Pulse oximeters were found to be accurate within 2% (+/- 1 SD) or 5% (+/- 2 SD) of in vitro oximetry in the range of 70% to 100% Sao2. In comparing ear and finger probes, readings from finger probes were more accurate. Pulse oximeters may fail to record accurately the true Sao2 during severe or rapid desaturation, hypotension, hypothermia, dyshemoglobinemia, and low perfusion states.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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19
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Abstract
The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award was established in 1987. Although primarily an award for business and industry, pilot criteria for healthcare settings have been developed. These criteria can be used by healthcare organizations to conduct internal evaluations of their institutions. Benefits of such an evaluation include improvement of an organization's effectiveness and improved healthcare quality for stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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20
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Shweder RA, Jensen LA, Goldstein WM. Who sleeps by whom revisited: a method for extracting the moral goods implicit in practice. New Dir Child Dev 1995:21-39. [PMID: 7566543 DOI: 10.1002/cd.23219956705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Shweder
- Committee on Human Development, University of Chicago, USA
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21
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Jensen LA, Schwartz BD. A novel guinea pig macrophage-specific polymorphic molecule. II. Biochemical analysis of the polymorphism. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.4.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have identified a macrophage-specific molecule, termed gp98, which has a m.w. of 98,000, is encoded by a gene not linked to the guinea pig lymphocyte antigen complex, is highly immunogenic, and displays a serologic polymorphism among several inbred guinea pig strains. The gp98 molecule was biochemically analyzed to identify a basis for the serologically detected polymorphism. The molecule was demonstrated to be a glycoprotein containing N-linked oligosaccharides. The strain 2 serologic variant, gp98-2, migrated with an apparent m.w. approximately 2500 more than did the strain 13 variant gp98-13. This differential migration was observed in a (strain 2 X strain 13) F1 animal, and persisted after neuraminidase and endoglycosidase F treatment, and after reduction. Trypsin and endoproteinase Lys-C digestion localized the biochemical basis of the polymorphism to the peptide portion of the molecule. Biochemical analysis of the gp98 molecules from five different inbred strains indicated that only two biochemical variants correlating with the serologic variants existed among the five strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - B D Schwartz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Jensen LA, Schwartz BD. A novel guinea pig macrophage-specific polymorphic molecule. I. Biochemistry, genetics, and tissue distribution. The Journal of Immunology 1988. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.4.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In the course of studying Ia molecules from strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pig macrophages, with the intent of comparing them to B cell Ia molecules, it was observed that guinea pig alloserum prepared by cross-immunization of guinea pig lymphocyte Ag non-identical inbred guinea pigs immunoprecipitated not only conventional class I and class II molecules, but also a 98,000-Da molecule, termed gp98. Two different forms of the molecule were detected, indicating it is polymorphic. The genes encoding gp98 were shown not to be linked to the guinea pig lymphocyte Ag complex. The molecule gp98 was found on macrophages within populations of peritoneal exudate cells, resident peritoneal cells, bone marrow cells, and spleen. All gp98-bearing macrophages were also Ia-positive. However, only a subpopulation of macrophages bore gp98. The gp98 was not found on Ly-1 or Ig-bearing cells, indicating that B and T cells do not bear Ia. Thus, gp98 appears to be a highly immunogenic polymorphic macrophage-specific molecule that allows the characterization of guinea pig macrophage subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - B D Schwartz
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Jensen LA, Schwartz BD. A novel guinea pig macrophage-specific polymorphic molecule. II. Biochemical analysis of the polymorphism. J Immunol 1988; 140:1206-11. [PMID: 3343511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a macrophage-specific molecule, termed gp98, which has a m.w. of 98,000, is encoded by a gene not linked to the guinea pig lymphocyte antigen complex, is highly immunogenic, and displays a serologic polymorphism among several inbred guinea pig strains. The gp98 molecule was biochemically analyzed to identify a basis for the serologically detected polymorphism. The molecule was demonstrated to be a glycoprotein containing N-linked oligosaccharides. The strain 2 serologic variant, gp98-2, migrated with an apparent m.w. approximately 2500 more than did the strain 13 variant gp98-13. This differential migration was observed in a (strain 2 X strain 13) F1 animal, and persisted after neuraminidase and endoglycosidase F treatment, and after reduction. Trypsin and endoproteinase Lys-C digestion localized the biochemical basis of the polymorphism to the peptide portion of the molecule. Biochemical analysis of the gp98 molecules from five different inbred strains indicated that only two biochemical variants correlating with the serologic variants existed among the five strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Jensen LA, Schwartz BD. A novel guinea pig macrophage-specific polymorphic molecule. I. Biochemistry, genetics, and tissue distribution. J Immunol 1988; 140:1198-205. [PMID: 3422678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the course of studying Ia molecules from strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pig macrophages, with the intent of comparing them to B cell Ia molecules, it was observed that guinea pig alloserum prepared by cross-immunization of guinea pig lymphocyte Ag non-identical inbred guinea pigs immunoprecipitated not only conventional class I and class II molecules, but also a 98,000-Da molecule, termed gp98. Two different forms of the molecule were detected, indicating it is polymorphic. The genes encoding gp98 were shown not to be linked to the guinea pig lymphocyte Ag complex. The molecule gp98 was found on macrophages within populations of peritoneal exudate cells, resident peritoneal cells, bone marrow cells, and spleen. All gp98-bearing macrophages were also Ia-positive. However, only a subpopulation of macrophages bore gp98. The gp98 was not found on Ly-1 or Ig-bearing cells, indicating that B and T cells do not bear Ia. Thus, gp98 appears to be a highly immunogenic polymorphic macrophage-specific molecule that allows the characterization of guinea pig macrophage subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jensen
- Department of Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Pihl H, Jensen LA, Thomsen JK, Povey HM. [Urinary retention in pain therapy with epidural morphine]. Ugeskr Laeger 1987; 149:2792-3. [PMID: 3451524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hicks GL, Jensen LA, Norsen LH, Quinn JR, Stewart SS, DeWeese JA. Platelet inhibitors and hydroxyethyl starch: safe and cost-effective interventions in coronary artery surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 1985; 39:422-5. [PMID: 2581521 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)61949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness and clinical safety of utilizing hetastarch in pump prime solutions and for colloid replacement postoperatively in conjunction with the platelet inhibitors, aspirin and Persantine (dipyridamole). Sixty-four adult patients undergoing a coronary artery bypass operation were divided into two groups. Group 1 (N = 32) received only Persantine (75 mg three times a day) on the day prior to operation. Group 2 (N = 32) received the same Persantine dose plus aspirin (325 mg). In both groups, aspirin and Persantine were continued postoperatively and hetastarch was used as the colloid of choice. All patients were evaluated for blood loss, coagulation profiles, cost of blood and colloid replacement, and clinical course. Group 2 patients demonstrated significantly greater blood loss (p less than 0.05) but the same postoperative coagulation profiles as Group 1. The transfusion requirement (3.6 units versus 1.3 units) and cost basis ($252 versus $91) for patient care were higher in Group 2. Hetastarch had no effect on blood loss and was not associated with any adverse clinical reactions. Annual institutional savings based on utilization of hetastarch were calculated at $33,500 to $40,500 per 500 patients. We conclude that preoperative administration of aspirin (325 mg) is associated with increased perioperative blood loss and higher patient costs, two variables not demonstrable with Persantine only. Use of hetastarch combined with postoperative platelet inhibition was clinically safe and was a cost-effective method of colloid replacement.
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Jensen LA, Snow RL, Clifford CM. Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, attached to the conjunctiva of a child's eye. J Parasitol 1982; 68:528. [PMID: 7119982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Heckmann RA, Jensen LA. The histopathology and prevalence of Henneguya sebasta and Kudoa clupeidae in the rockfish, Sebastes paucispinis of southern California. J Wildl Dis 1978; 14:259-62. [PMID: 650795 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-14.2.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of two histozoic myxosporidans, Henneguya sebasta and Kudoa clupeidae, was studied from the Pacific rockfish, Sebastes paucispinis. Infection of the bulbus and truncus arteriosus with H. sebasta was observed in 30 of 100 fish. The parasite metastasized throughout the tissue causing necrosis, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the connective tissue and smooth muscle. K. clupeidae, found in 37 of 100 fish, caused necrosis and atrophy of host skeletal muscle. The unattractive appearance of Kudoa cysts in rockfish filets detracted from their commercial value.
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Jensen LA, Heckmann RA. Anantrum histocephalum sp. n. (cestoda: bothriocephalidae) from Synodus lucioceps (synodontidae) of Southern California. J Parasitol 1977; 63:471-2. [PMID: 864564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anantrum histocephalum sp. n. is described from Synodus lucioceps, California lizardfish. The larger worm size, mushroom-shaped scolex, vitelline follicle distribution, and larger eggs distinguish this species from A. tortum. The tapeworm was observed in 8.5% of 164 lizardfish from the coastal waters of Los Angeles County.
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Moser M, Love MS, Jensen LA. Myxosporida (Protozoa) in California rockfish, Sebastes spp. J Parasitol 1976; 62:690-2. [PMID: 978353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Six genera and 15 species, 2 new, of myxosporida were recovered from 14 species of California marine rockfish, Sebastes. The spores of Leptotheca sebasta sp. n. are arched with thick, equal shell valves and large round polar capsules. They are greater in width and sutural diameter and more crescentic than L. latesi. Ceratomyxa sebasta sp. n. is crescentic in shape with equal shell valves. The spores of C. sebasta are shorter in sutural diameter, larger in width, and less crescentic than C. hokarari.
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Jensen LA. Parabothriocephalus sagitticeps (Sleggs 1927) comb. n. (Cestoda: Parabothriocephalidae) from Sebastes paucispinis of southern and central California. J Parasitol 1976; 62:560-2. [PMID: 957033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabothriocephalus sagitticeps (Sleggs 1927) from Sebastes paucispinis is redescribed and given a generic reassignment. The new combination is based on the dorsal, submarginal genital attrium and tests arrangement. The tapeworm prevalence was 84% of 354 rockfish in the coastal waters of Southern and Central California.
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Andersen FL, Loveless RM, Jensen LA. Efficacy of bunamidine hydrochloride against immature and mature stages of Echinococcus granulosus. Am J Vet Res 1975; 36:673-5. [PMID: 1169897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of bunamidine hydrochloride (given at dose levels of 25 and 50 mg/kg of body wt) against immature and mature Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms was studied in experimentally infected dogs. The compound had average efficacies of 85.9 to 98.8 percent against the immature stages and was completely efficacious (100 percent clearance) against the mature worms. These data indicate that bunamidine HCl at the given doses can be used as a control measure against hydatid disease in the United States.
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