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Kisling T, Zimmerleiter R, Roiser L, Duswald K, Brandstetter M, Paulik C, Bretterbauer K. Real-Time Monitoring of a Sol-Gel Reaction for Polysilane Production Using Inline NIR Spectroscopy. Langmuir 2023. [PMID: 37245124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The sol-gel process is an effective method for the preparation of homogeneous structured nanomaterials whose physico-chemical properties strongly depend on the experimental conditions applied. The control of a three-component reaction with silanes showing multiple reaction sites revealed the need for an analytical tool that allows a rapid response to ongoing transformations in the reaction mixture. Herein, we describe the implementation of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy based on compact, mechanically robust, and cost-efficient micro-optomechanical system technology in the sol-gel process of three silanes with a total of nine reaction sites. The NIR-spectroscopically controlled reaction yields a long-time stable product with reproducible quality, fulfilling the demanding requirements for further use in coating processes. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance measurements are used as reference values for the calibration of a partial least squares (PLS) regression model. The precise prediction of the desired parameters from collected NIR spectroscopy data acquired during the sol-gel reaction proves the applicability of the calibrated PLS regression model. The determined shelf-life and further processing tests verify the high quality of the sol-gel and the produced highly cross-linked polysilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kisling
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Robert Zimmerleiter
- RECENDT─Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Lukas Roiser
- TIGER Coatings GmbH & Co KG, Negrellistraße 36, Wels 4600, Austria
| | - Kristina Duswald
- RECENDT─Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Markus Brandstetter
- RECENDT─Research Center for Non-Destructive Testing GmbH, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Christian Paulik
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Klaus Bretterbauer
- Institute for Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz 4040, Austria
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Kreuzer V, Bretterbauer K, Buchinger G, Kaiser L, Roiser L, Schwarzinger C. Spectroscopic studies on the formation of different diastereomers in polyesters based on nadic acid. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Kreuzer
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Klaus Bretterbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Organic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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Kováč O, Zálešák F, J-Y D Bon D, Roiser L, Baar LV, Waser M, Pospíšil J. Trisubstituted Highly Activated Benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl-sulfone-Containing Olefins as Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7192-7206. [PMID: 32352285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the formation of highly electrophilic 1,1-deactivated olefins, their use as novel synthetic building blocks, and their transformation to structurally diverse molecular scaffolds. Synthesis of 1,1-deactivated olefins substituted with a BT-sulfonyl group and a carbonyl or nitrile, respectively, consists of unusual Ti(OPri)4-mediated Knoevenagel-type condensation and proceed in good to excellent yields. Generated olefins can be further transformed in a highly stereoselective manner and in good yields to various polyfunctionalized heterocycles and acyclic molecular scaffolds. Overall, the obtained structures are accessed in two to four steps starting from the (mostly) commercially available aldehydes. In addition, the presence of the BT-sulfonyl group in prepared structures allows for further chemoselective functionalization/post-synthetic transformations to provide structurally diverse final compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kováč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - František Zálešák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David J-Y D Bon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Lubomír V Baar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, tř. 17. listopadu 1192/12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacky University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract
The formal (4+1)-cyclization between in situ generated achiral carbonyl-stabilized ammonium ylides and vinylogous p-quinone methides can be carried out under operationally simple conditions, leading to two different double bond regioisomers depending on the used conditions. Besides these racemic approaches, also a first proof-of-concept for enantioselective versions of these reactions has been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Abstract
The use of readily accessible ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) transformations, especially cyclization reactions, has received considerable attention over the past two decades. A variety of highly enantioselective protocols to facilitate annulation reactions have recently been introduced as an alternative to other common methods including S-ylide-mediated strategies. It is the intention of this short review to provide an introduction to this field by highlighting the potential of ammonium ylides for (asymmetric) cyclization reactions as well as to present the limitations and challenges of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenbergerstr. 69 4040 Linz (Austria)
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Winter M, Gaunersdorfer C, Roiser L, Zielke K, Monkowius U, Waser M. Synthesis of Trifluoroacetyl-Substituted Cyclopropanes Using Onium Ylides. European J Org Chem 2018; 2018:418-421. [PMID: 29491744 PMCID: PMC5817241 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbonyl-stabilized ammonium- and sulfonium ylides allows for the synthesis of highly-functionalized trifluoroacetyl-substituted cyclopropanes. It turned out that the diastereoselectivities strongly depend on the nature of the chosen ylide and the employed base. The products could be obtained in good yields under operationally simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winter
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Christina Gaunersdorfer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of EducationJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstr. 694040LinzAustria
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Abstract
The use of Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral ammonium ylides allows for the first highly enantioselective and broadly applicable spirocyclopropanation reactions of para-quinone methides. This strategy provides a straightforward protocol toward the chiral spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one skeleton, which is a frequently found structural motif in important biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz , Altenbergerstr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Meisinger N, Roiser L, Monkowius U, Himmelsbach M, Robiette R, Waser M. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans by a [4+1] Annulation Between Ammonium Ylides and In Situ Generated o-Quinone Methides. Chemistry 2017; 23:5137-5142. [PMID: 28165173 PMCID: PMC5419452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective [4+1] annulation between in situ generated ammonium ylides and o‐quinone methides for the synthesis of a variety of 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans has been developed. The key factors controlling the reactivity and stereoselectivity were systematically investigated by experimental and computational means and the energy profiles obtained provide a deeper insight into the mechanistic details of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Meisinger
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Markus Himmelsbach
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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Maringer L, Roiser L, Wallner G, Nitsche D, Buchberger W. The role of quinoid derivatives in the UV-initiated synergistic interaction mechanism of HALS and phenolic antioxidants. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Novacek J, Roiser L, Zielke K, Robiette R, Waser M. Towards a General Understanding of Carbonyl-Stabilised Ammonium Ylide-Mediated Epoxidation Reactions. Chemistry 2016; 22:11422-8. [PMID: 27381752 PMCID: PMC5066843 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The key factors for carbonyl-stabilised ammonium ylide-mediated epoxidation reactions were systematically investigated by experimental and computational means and the hereby obtained energy profiles provide explanations for the observed experimental results. In addition, we were able to identify the first tertiary amine-based chiral auxiliary that allows for high enantioselectivities and high yields for such epoxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Novacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Katharina Zielke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
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Abstract
A high yielding synthesis of stilbene oxides using ammonium ylides has been developed. It turned out that the amine leaving group plays a crucial role as trimethylamine gives higher yields than DABCO or quinuclidine. The amine group also influences the diastereoselectivity, and detailed DFT calculations to understand the key parameters of these reactions have been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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Capobianco A, Di Mola A, Intintoli V, Massa A, Capaccio V, Roiser L, Waser M, Palombi L. Asymmetric tandem hemiaminal-heterocyclization-aza-Mannich reaction of 2-formylbenzonitriles and amines using chiral phase transfer catalysis: an experimental and theoretical study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first asymmetric synthesis of 3-amino-substituted isoindolinones was accomplished via cascade hemiaminal-heterocyclization-intramolecular aza-Mannich reaction of amines and 2-formylbenzonitriles using chiral phase transfer conditions (PTC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Capobianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia
- Università di Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Antonia Di Mola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia
- Università di Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | | | - Antonio Massa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia
- Università di Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Vito Capaccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia
- Università di Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
| | - Lukas Roiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4040 Linz
- Austria
| | - Laura Palombi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia
- Università di Salerno
- Fisciano (SA)
- Italy
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