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Chueca E, Valero A, Hördnler C, Puertas A, Carrera P, García-González MA, Strunk M, Lanas A, Piazuelo E. Quantitative analysis of p16 methylation in Barrett's carcinogenesis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 47:151554. [PMID: 32570024 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
p16 hypermethylation in Barrett's carcinogenesis has been evaluated in studies which did not take into account sample heterogeneity and yielded qualitative (methylated/unmethylated) instead of accurate quantitative (percentage of CpG methylation) data. We aimed to measure the degree of p16 methylation in pure samples representing all the steps of Barrett's tumorogenesis and to evaluate the influence of sample heterogeneity in methylation analysis. METHODS 77 paraffin-embedded human esophageal samples were analyzed. Histological grading was established by two pathologists in: negative for dysplasia, indefinite for dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Areas of interest were selected by laser-capture microdissection. p16 methylation was quantified by pyrosequencing. An adjacent section of the whole sample was also analyzed to compare methylation data. RESULTS After microdissection, we obtained 15 samples of squamous epithelium, 36 non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus, 3 indefinite for dysplasia, 24 low-grade dysplasia, 4 high-grade dysplasia and 12 adenocarcinoma. Squamous epithelium showed the lowest methylation rates: 6% (IQR 5-11) vs. 11%(7-39.50) in negative/indefinite for dysplasia, p<0.01; 10.60%(6-24) in low-grade dysplasia, p<0.05; and 44.50%(9-66.75) in high-grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma, p<0.01. This latter group also exhibited higher methylation rates than Barrett's epithelium with and without low-grade dysplasia (p<0.05). p16 methylation rates of microdissected and non-microdissected samples did not correlate unless the considered histological alteration comprised >71% of the sample. CONCLUSIONS p16 methylation is an early event in Barrett's carcinogenesis which increases with the severity of histological alteration. p16 methylation rates are profoundly influenced by sample heterogeneity, so selection of samples is crucial in order to detect differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chueca
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IIS Aragón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Valero
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Hördnler
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Puertas
- Service of Pathology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, Paseo Isabel la Católica 1-3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Carrera
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A García-González
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IIS Aragón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; IACS Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Strunk
- IACS Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Lanas
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IIS Aragón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; University of Zaragoza, Calle de Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - E Piazuelo
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IIS Aragón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; IACS Aragón, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Nieto-Fontarigo JJ, González-Barcala FJ, San-José ME, Cruz MJ, Linares T, Soto-Mera MT, Valdés-Cuadrado L, García-González MA, Andrade-Bulos LJ, Arias P, Nogueira M, Salgado FJ. Expansion of a CD26low Effector TH Subset and Reduction in Circulating Levels of sCD26 in Stable Allergic Asthma in Adults. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2018; 28:113-125. [PMID: 29297467 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJETIVE The pathogenesis of asthma is dependent on the balance between regulatory and effector T cells, which display differential expression of CD25 and CD26. Therefore, alteration of circulating levels of sCD25 and sCD26 during allergic asthma could be conditioned by changes in leukocyte phenotype. Objectives: To analyze expression of CD25 and CD26 on T lymphocytes and their soluble derivatives (sCD25, sCD26) during stable phases of moderate-severe allergic asthma. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 2 adult cohorts of allergic asthmatics. Clinical, anthropometric, pulmonary, hematological, and biochemical parameters were measured. Phenotyping was performed with flow cytometry in both circulating and cultured leukocytes. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity was assayed in culture supernatants. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed upregulation of CD26 on human T lymphocytes upon activation, especially under TH17-favoring conditions, and a correlation with soluble DPP4 activity (rs=0.641; P<.001). CD26 expression on lymphocytes was higher in asthmatics, while serum sCD26 was lower in women and patients. The latter finding could be associated with an expanded CD25low/CD26low/CD127low subset of effector CD4+ T cells in allergic asthma, with no changes in Treg percentages. However, women showed an increased Teff/Treg ratio, which could explain their greater susceptibility to asthma. CONCLUSIONS Allergic asthma causes an increment in CD25lowCD26low helper T cells detected in stable stages. These changes are mirrored in serum and should be considered in the light of the downmodulating role of CD26 in major chemokines related to the pathogenesis of asthma such as CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL5 (RANTES), and CXCL12a (SDF-1α).
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nieto-Fontarigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F J González-Barcala
- Department of Medicine-University of Santiago de Compostela, Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES, Department of Respiratory Medicine-University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS
| | - M E San-José
- 3Clinical Analysis Service, USC University Hospital Complex (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M J Cruz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine-Hospital Vall d´Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre-CIBERES
| | - T Linares
- Allergy Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra (CHOP), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - M T Soto-Mera
- Allergy Department, University Hospital of Pontevedra (CHOP), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - L Valdés-Cuadrado
- Department of Medicine-University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Respiratory Medicine-University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)
| | - M A García-González
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L J Andrade-Bulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - P Arias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - F J Salgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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García-González MA, Fernández-Chimeno M, Guede-Fernández F, Ferrer-Mileo V, Argelagós-Palau A, Álvarez-Gómez L, Parrado E, Moreno J, Capdevila L, Ramos-Castro J. A methodology to quantify the differences between alternative methods of heart rate variability measurement. Physiol Meas 2015; 37:128-44. [PMID: 26657196 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/37/1/128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a systematic procedure to report the differences between heart rate variability time series obtained from alternative measurements reporting the spread and mean of the differences as well as the agreement between measuring procedures and quantifying how stationary, random and normal the differences between alternative measurements are. A description of the complete automatic procedure to obtain a differences time series (DTS) from two alternative methods, a proposal of a battery of statistical tests, and a set of statistical indicators to better describe the differences in RR interval estimation are also provided. Results show that the spread and agreement depend on the choice of alternative measurements and that the DTS cannot be considered generally as a white or as a normally distributed process. Nevertheless, in controlled measurements the DTS can be considered as a stationary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Group of Biomedical and Electronic Instrumentation at the Department of Electronic Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BARCELONATECH (UPC), C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Edifici C-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Ramos-Castro J, Moreno J, Miranda-Vidal H, García-González MA, Fernández-Chimeno M, Rodas G, Capdevila L. Heart rate variability analysis using a seismocardiogram signal. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2012:5642-5. [PMID: 23367209 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6347274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Seismocardiography is a simple and non invasive method of recording cardiac activity from the movements of the body caused by heart pumping. In this preliminary study we use a smartphone to record this acceleration and estimate the heart rate. We compare the heart rate variability parameters from the seismocardiogram and ECG reference signal. The results show a great similarity and are strongly influenced by the instability in the sampling frequency of the device. The differences between RR series are lower than 10 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramos-Castro
- Group of Biomedical and Electronic Instrumentation of the Department of Electronic Engineering of the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08034 Spain.
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5
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Piazuelo E, Santander S, Cebrián C, Jiménez P, Pastor C, García-González MA, Esteva F, Esquivias P, Ortego J, Lanas A. Characterization of the prostaglandin E2 pathway in a rat model of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2012; 12:132-43. [PMID: 22165968 DOI: 10.2174/156800912799095199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Accumulating evidence indicates that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway plays a key role in esophageal carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the pathway downstream of COX-2 may reveal novel targets for the prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The objective of this study was to characterize the profile of genes involved in PGE2 metabolism and signaling in an experimental model of EAC. Esophagojejunostomy with gastric preservation was performed in wistar rats to induce gastroduodenal reflux. Rats were sacrificed 2 or 4 months after surgery. Nine non-operated rats were used to obtain normal (control) esophageal tissues. RESULTS All rats that underwent esophagojejunostomy developed inflammation. In addition, 90% of the animals showed intestinal metaplasia; of those, 40% progressed to AC. This process was accompanied by a significant increase in esophageal PGE2 levels and the induction of both mRNA and protein levels of COX-2, COX-1, prostaglandin E synthase, 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, and PGE2 receptors EP3, EP4 and especially EP2, which rose to particularly high levels in experimental rats. In addition, exposure to a selective COX-2 inhibitor (SC58125) or an EP1/EP2 antagonist (AH6809), but not an EP4 antagonist (AH23848B), significantly reduced cell proliferation of esophageal explants in 24 hour-organ culture experiments. Our data suggest that, in addition to COX-2, other components of the PGE2 pathway, including COX-1, may play important roles in the development of EAC induced by gastroduodenal reflux in the rat. Although it must be confirmed in vivo, the EP2 receptor may represent a promising selective target in the prevention of Barrett's associated AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Piazuelo
- IIS Aragon, Aragon Institute of Health Scineces, Zaragoza, Spain.
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6
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Rodrígue-Ibáñez N, García-González MA, Fernández-Chimeno M, Ramos-Castro J. Drowsiness detection by thoracic effort signal analysis in real driving environments. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2012; 2011:6055-8. [PMID: 22255720 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6091496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Detection of drowsiness while driving is a leading objective in advanced driver assistance systems. This work presents a new index to assess the alertness state of drivers based on the respiratory dynamics derived from an inductive band. More than 100 hours of driving in real environments from 13 healthy subjects were analyzed. The proposed method has a sensitivity of 93.7% and specificity of 86.3% in detecting full awake drivers while it has a sensitivity of 83.1% and specificity of 95.3% in detecting drowsy drivers. The results show that the proposed index may be promising to assess the alertness state of real drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rodrígue-Ibáñez
- Ficosa International SA, Can Magarola, Ctra. C-17 km 13. E-08100 Mollet del Valles, Barcelona, Spain. noelia.rodriguez@ ficosa.com
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García-González MA, Fernández-Chimeno M, Ferrer J, Escorihuela RM, Parrado E, Capdevila L, Benítez A, Angulo R, Rodríguez FA, Iglesias X, Bescós R, Marina M, Padullés JM, Ramos-Castro J. New indices for quantification of the power spectrum of heart rate variability time series without the need of any frequency band definition. Physiol Meas 2011; 32:995-1009. [PMID: 21654027 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/8/001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new family of indices for the frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability time series that do not need any frequency band definition. After proper detrending of the time series, a cumulated power spectrum is obtained and frequencies that contain a certain percentage of the power below them are identified, so median frequency, bandwidth and a measure of the power spectrum asymmetry are proposed to complement or improve the classical spectral indices as the ratio of the powers of LF and HF bands (LF/HF). In normal conditions the median frequency provides similar information as the classical indices, while the bandwidth and asymmetry can be complementary measures of the physiological state of the tested subject. The proposed indices seem to be a good choice for tracking changes in the power spectrum in exercise stress, and they can guide in the determination of frequency band limits in other animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Group of Biomedical and Electronic Instrumentation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Mosiño JF, Gutiérrez-García JC, Gutiérrez-García TA, Castillo F, García-González MA, Gutiérrez-García VA. Algorithm for phase extraction from a set of interferograms with arbitrary phase shifts. Opt Express 2011; 19:4908-4923. [PMID: 21445127 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.004908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The generalized analytical quadrature filter from a set of interferograms with arbitrary phase shifts is obtained. Both symmetrical and non symmetrical algorithms for any order are reported. The analytic expression is obtained through the convolution of a set of two-frame algorithms and expressed in terms of the combinatorial theory. Finally, the solution is applied to obtain several generalized tunable quadrature filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Mosiño
- 1Universidad Tecnológica de León, Blvd. Universidad Tecnológica # 225 San Carlos, León, Gto. 37670, Mexico.
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García-González MA, Ramos-Castro J, Fernández-Chimeno M. The effect of electrocardiographic lead choice on RR time series. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2011; 2011:1933-1936. [PMID: 22254710 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2011.6090546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Results of heart rate variability analysis depend on the quality of the initial RR time series that is measured only in one lead of the ECG. This work shows that RR time series can subtly change from lead to lead so the choice of the analyzed lead is another source of uncertainty. The standard deviation of the differences of two RR time series obtained from different leads can change from 0.5 ms to more than 20 ms depending on the amount of noise, the morphological changes of the QRS complexes, the strategies of fiducial point determination and the measured subject. This source of uncertainty is in healthy subjects greater than that associated to the sampling frequency of the ECG for sampling frequencies greater than 400 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Group of Biomedical and Electronic Instrumentation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
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10
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Nescolarde L, García-González MA, Rosell-Ferrer J, Doñate T, Querfeld U. Thoracic versus whole body bioimpedance measurements: the relation to hydration status and hypertension in peritoneal dialysis patients. Physiol Meas 2006; 27:961-71. [PMID: 16951456 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/27/10/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The whole body bioimpedance technique is a highly promising non-invasive, reproducible, fast and inexpensive bed-side method for monitoring hydration status. Using segmental bioimpedance measurements, it is possible to obtain information about the fluid change in each body segment (Song, Lee, Kim and Kim 1999 Perit. Dial. Int. 19 386-90). In this pilot study we have measured 25 male patients (30-65 yr, BMI 20-32 kg m(-2)) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Tetrapolar impedance measurements were obtained using the right-side technique (whole body), and a segmental impedance method focused in the thorax region. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken manually with a sphygmomanometer. Patients were classified as either stable (group 0) or unstable (group 1) using clinical parameters of overall cardiovascular risk. The Mahalanobis distance (dM2) was calculated for the mean blood pressure (BP(mean)), and the impedance parameter R normalized by body height H for the right-side (R(RS)/H) and the thorax segment (R(TH)/H). Differences between groups were significant (p < 0.0001) for R(TH)/H and for BP(mean), and less significant (p = 0.016) for R(RS)/H. Group 1 patients showed a small dM2 as compared with a reference patient (a critical patient with acute lung edema) with high BP(mean) and low values of R(TH)/H and R(RS)/H. Moreover, Group 0 patients showed a larger dM2 with respect to the reference patient, with lower BP(mean) and higher values of R(TH)/H and R(RS)/H. All patients classified as unstable by clinical assessment were correctly classified using R(TH)/H in conjunction with BP(mean) using dM2. Segmental-monofrequency non-invasive bioimpedance of the thoracic region could provide a simple, objective non-invasive method of support for facilitating the clinical assessment of CAPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nescolarde
- Electronic Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Jordi Girona 1-3 Edifici C4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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van der Paardt M, Crusius JBA, García-González MA, Dijkmans BAC, Peña AS, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE. Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis: no evidence for the involvement of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) gene polymorphisms. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:616-9. [PMID: 15769917 PMCID: PMC1755451 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.027698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors are thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in inflammation. Two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TGFB1 gene have been described: TGFB1 T869C and TGFB1 G915C. OBJECTIVE To determine whether these SNPs contribute to ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility or its disease characteristics. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 134 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 194 healthy blood donors. All subjects were unrelated and of white Dutch ethnicity. The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was made according to the modified New York criteria. The TGFB1 T869C and TGFB1 G915C SNPs were genotyped by a polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism haplotyping method. RESULTS No significant differences were found between patients and controls in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies or in the carrier rate of the rare alleles of the TGFB1 T869C and TGFB1 G915C SNPs. CONCLUSIONS TGFB1 T869C and TGFB1 G915C SNPs are not major factors in the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis or its disease characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van der Paardt
- The Jan van Breemen Institute, VU University Medical Centre, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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García-González MA, Fernández-Chimeno M, Ramos-Castro J. Bias and uncertainty in heart rate variability spectral indices due to the finite ECG sampling frequency. Physiol Meas 2004; 25:489-504. [PMID: 15132314 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/2/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Spectral analysis of the heart rate variability is becoming a usual tool as a marker of the autonomic nervous system. The final output of the spectral analysis is a set of indices that are always estimators due to technical limitations. In this work, the bias and the uncertainty in the VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF indices due to the finite sampling frequency of the ECG are analysed. The results indicate that for low sampling frequency (125 Hz), the bias and uncertainty in the HF and LF/HF indices can blur the results of the analysis, especially if the RR time series has low variability. The HF index is overestimated and, accordingly, the LF/HF index is underestimated. Then, results from RR time series with low sampling frequency must be used with care. The uncertainty of the spectral indices is proportional to the inverse of the sampling frequency and the bias is proportional to the inverse of the square sampling frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Group of Biomedical & Electronic Instrumentation, Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Jordi Girona 1-3, Edifici C-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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García-González MA, Lanas A, Savelkoul PHM, Santolaria S, Benito R, Crusius JBA, Peña AS. Association of interleukin 1 gene family polymorphisms with duodenal ulcer disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 134:525-31. [PMID: 14632761 PMCID: PMC1808893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2003.02325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine genes taking part in the immunological response to Helicobacter pylori infection are good candidates to study for genetic predisposition to duodenal ulcer disease (DU). Among cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1beta and its natural specific inhibitor, the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, are cytokines that play a key role in regulating gastric acid secretion and modulating the immune response in the gastrointestinal mucosa. We aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms in the IL-1B and IL-1RN genes are involved in the susceptibility to duodenal ulcer. DNA from 131 unrelated Spanish Caucasian patients with DU and 105 ethnically matched healthy controls was typed for the IL-1B-511, IL-1B-31, and IL-1B + 3954 gene polymorphisms, and the VNTR polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1RN gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods and TaqMan assays. H. pylori status and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use was determined in all patients and controls. Logistic regression analysis identified H. pylori infection (OR: 9.74; 95%CI = 3.53-26.89) and NSAIDs use (OR: 8.82; 95%CI = 3.51-22.17) as independent risk factors for DU. In addition, the simultaneous carriage of IL-1RN*2, IL-1B-511*C, IL-1B-31*T and IL-1B + 3954*C alleles was a genetic risk factor for DU in patients with H. pylori infection (OR: 3.22; 95%CI = 1.09-9.47). No significant differences in IL-1RN and IL-1B genotypes were found when patients were categorized according to gender, age of onset, smoking habit, NSAIDs use, type of complication and positive family history. Our results provide further evidence that host genetic factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud and Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
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García-González MA, Ramos-Castro J, Fernández-Chimeno M. A new index for the analysis of heart rate variability dynamics: characterization and application. Physiol Meas 2003; 24:819-32. [PMID: 14658775 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/24/4/301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new index for the analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) dynamics is presented. The proposed index (acceleration change index (ACI)) characterizes the sign of the differences of a time series. A theoretical study shows an expression that relates ACI and the autocorrelation function of the time series. This formula is tested and validated with different simulated time series (uncorrelated noise, sinusoidal and fractional Brownian motion). Next, ACI is applied to RR time series from healthy subjects showing that ACI decreases with periodic controlled breathing, increases during exercise, and it has a lower value at night than during the day. In a preliminary study, ACI has been shown to be lower in healthy subjects than in patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction one month previously. ACI can be employed as a fast and robust new marker of the HRV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Instrumentation and Bioengineering Division (DIB), Department of Electronic Engineering (DEE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/Jordi Girona 1-3, Edifici C-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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van der Paardt M, Crusius JBA, García-González MA, Baudoin P, Kostense PJ, Alizadeh BZ, Dijkmans BAC, Peña AS, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE. Interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002; 41:1419-23. [PMID: 12468823 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/41.12.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), have been found to be variably associated with the IL-1B and the IL-1RN genes encoding interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), we have investigated whether these polymorphisms in IL-1B and IL-1RN are also involved in AS. METHODS DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of 106 patients with AS and 104 healthy controls. All patients and controls were Dutch Caucasians. Bi-allelic polymorphisms at positions +3,953 and -511 in the IL-1B gene, and a penta-allelic polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-1RN gene were studied by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. RESULTS Allele IL-1RN*2 was significantly increased in AS (odds ratio=1.60; 95% confidence interval=1.20-2.80; P=0.031) compared with healthy controls, and independent from the polymorphism in loci IL-1B-511 and IL-1B+3,953. No significant associations were found between AS and the IL-1B-511 or IL-1B+3,953 polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Similar to other chronic inflammatory diseases, AS is associated with the IL-1RN*2 allele. Further studies are necessary to determine the biological significance of these findings in relation to susceptibility or severity of the disease.
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Laine ML, Farré MA, García-González MA, van Dijk LJ, Ham AJ, Winkel EG, Crusius JBA, Vandenbroucke JP, van Winkelhoff AJ, Peña AS. [Risk factors in adult periodontitis: polymorphism in the interleukin-1 gene family]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2002; 109:303-6. [PMID: 12212456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) play a major role in regulation of the inflammatory response in periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family among periodontitis patients and controls, taking into account smoking and microbiology as additional variables. There were 53 non-smoking and 52 smoking patients with severe adult periodontitis and 53 periodontal healthy controls genotyped for genetic variation in the IL-1 gene family. The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was established by culture techniques. A higher frequency of genotype+ (IL-1A*2 + IL-1B*2 + IL-1RN*2) was found in non-smoking periodontitis patients in whom P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans could not be detected (42.1% vs. 11.3% in controls; p = 0.0068; or 5.7, 95% ci: 1.6-19.8). This data provide evidence that polymorphisms in genes of the IL-1 family are associated with severe adult periodontitis and may be a risk factor for severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Laine
- Sectie Klinische Orale Microbiologie, Academisch Centrum voor Tandheelkunde Amsterdam (ACTA), Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam.
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Lanas A, García-González MA, Santolaria S, Crusius JB, Serrano MT, Benito R, Peña AS. TNF and LTA gene polymorphisms reveal different risk in gastric and duodenal ulcer patients. Genes Immun 2001; 2:415-21. [PMID: 11781708 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2001] [Revised: 08/06/2001] [Accepted: 08/06/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A small proportion of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori or using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) develops peptic ulcer disease. Since family studies have shown the importance of the genetic background of the host in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers, immunogenetic factors involved in the regulation of inflammation deserve further study. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) have been shown to contribute to the severity of infectious disease. Our aim was to study four bi-allelic polymorphisms in the TNF and LTA genes, which occur as five haplotypes, in patients with peptic ulcer disease. A total of 130 patients with duodenal ulcer, 50 with gastric ulcer and 102 ethnically-matched Spanish Caucasian healthy controls were studied. H. pylori infection was determined by invasive and non-invasive tests. Odds ratios were obtained by logistic regression analysis. H. pylori was detected in 91.8% of peptic ulcer patients and in 73.3% of controls (P < 0.001). Patients with gastric ulcer had a lower frequency of the TNF-308 allele 2 and a higher frequency of the LTANcoI 2.2 genotype when compared with duodenal ulcer patients (P < 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). Carriers of haplotype TNF-I were more frequent in gastric ulcer patients (49%) than in controls (28%) (P < 0.05) and the haplotype TNF-E was significantly more frequent in duodenal ulcers than in gastric ulcers (27% vs 8.2%; P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis identified haplotype TNF-I carrier status as an independent risk factor for peptic ulceration in H. pylori-infected patients (OR: 4.2; 95%CI: 1.7-10.2). These results suggest that TNF and LTA gene polymorphisms are related to the development of gastric and duodenal ulcer and may determine disease outcome in H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lanas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Nemetz A, Tóth M, García-González MA, Zágoni T, Fehér J, Peña AS, Tulassay Z. Allelic variation at the interleukin 1beta gene is associated with decreased bone mass in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 2001; 49:644-9. [PMID: 11600466 PMCID: PMC1728500 DOI: 10.1136/gut.49.5.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and its natural antagonist have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Both cytokines influence bone formation. IL-1beta stimulates osteoclast activity while interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) enhances bone formation. AIMS To determine whether the decreased bone mass in IBD is related to gene polymorphisms coding for IL-1beta and IL-1ra, and thus identify patients with an increased risk. METHODS Bone mineral densitometry was performed at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and the distal third of the radius in 75 IBD patients (34 men/41 women; 40.3 (1.6) years) and in 58 healthy controls (HC; 28 men/30 women; 32.4 (1.2) years). Values were correlated with the TaqI and AvaI gene polymorphisms in the IL1B and the variable number of tandem repeats gene polymorphism in the IL1RN gene. RESULTS In IBD patients, but not in HC, carriers of allele 2 at the AvaI gene polymorphism (IL1B-511*2) had significantly lower Z scores at the lumbar spine (-0.82 (0.13) v -0.29 (0.21) p=0.03) and the femoral neck (-0.59 (0.14) v 0.15 (0.19); p=0.003) than non-carriers. These patients also had a higher risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis at the femoral neck (odds ratio 3.63 (95% confidence interval 0.95-13.93)). No association was found between bone mass and the other gene polymorphisms analysed in IBD patients or in HC. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that genetic variability may be a major determinant of bone loss in IBD. Carriers of IL1B-511*2, who are hypersecretors of IL-1beta, have a higher risk of presenting with low bone mass in IBD. Screening for this allele may contribute to determination of the risk of bone loss at the time of disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemetz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Abstract
A new index is proposed to estimate the variance of the differentiated heart rate (RR) time series from its truncated histogram. The index is more robust to artifacts than the standard deviation of the differentiated RR time series (rMSDD) and, unlike the pNN50, does not saturate for very high or very low heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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García-González MA, Morandeira MJ, Ucar A, Morandeira JR. A new model for the induction of tumours in the forestomach of rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Eur Surg Res 2001; 32:315-21. [PMID: 11111178 DOI: 10.1159/000008782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Experimental carcinogenesis models provide a useful tool in the study of the aetiopathogenesis and treatment of gastric cancer. We developed a model based on the administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU) in Wistar rats for the induction of maximal yield of gastric carcinomas with a short latency period, and being exclusively localized at the gastric level. METHODS A gastric antiperistaltic fistula was performed in 90 Wistar rats classified into eight different groups. Fifteen days after surgery 5, 10, 15 or 20 mg of NMU/100 g were administered through the fistula once a week for a 3- to 5-week period. Before the administration of NMU, a pyloric blockade was made in order to obtain a temporary isolation of the stomach. At 20 weeks, animals were sacrificed and organs were removed for histological study. RESULTS All rats treated with 15 mg NMU/100 g once a week for 5 weeks, after pyloric blockade maintained for 1 h, developed well-differentiated carcinomas in the forestomach. Carcinomas were multiple in 11% of cases and appeared with papillomatous lesions in 33% of rats. No tumours were observed in any other organs. In the other groups, no gastric carcinomas were diagnosed. CONCLUSION The high incidence of carcinomas in the forestomach, the absence of tumours in other organs and the short latency period represent valuable criteria for the use of our model in chemotherapeutic investigations, as well as in the study of cancer evolution without interferences caused by tumour development in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Department of Gastroenterology and Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunogenetics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Corominas H, Domènech M, González D, Diaz C, Roca M, García-González MA, Peña S, Baiget M. Allelic variants of the thiopurine S-methyltransferase deficiency in patients with ulcerative colitis and in healthy controls. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:2313-7. [PMID: 11007234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the inactivation of mercaptopurine, azathioprine, and thioguanine. The genetic polymorphisms in the TPMT gene that regulate TPMT activity are inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and patients with genetically determined low levels of TPMT activity develop severe myelosuppression when treated with standard doses of the above-mentioned drugs. We have analyzed the frequencies of the allelic variants of the TPMT gene in a white European population of healthy blood donors from Spain and The Netherlands, and in a group of patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC) with a similar genetic background. METHODS Two hundred and thirteen unrelated healthy individuals (HC) and 146 UC patients were typed for the polymorphic sites at positions 460 (G-->A) and 719 (A-->G) of the TPMT gene using specific polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the allele frequencies observed in the group of UC patients and those of the control group (10% of cases were heterozygous carriers of a TPMT mutant allele). The most frequent mutant allele in both UC and HC groups was TPMT3A (A460-->G719) (60% of carriers). TPMT3B (A460-->A719) and TPMT3C (G460-->G719) alleles were more often found in our study than in previously reported studies, reflecting the different genetic backgrounds of the European populations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Genotyping methods provide a simple and reliable screening to identify patients with a high risk of developing severe bone marrow toxicity if treated with thiopurine drugs. In UC patients, TPMT genotype should be determined before the initiation of azathioprine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Corominas
- Servei de Medicina Interna, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
This paper shows that variations in breathing patterns broaden heart rate variability (HRV) spectral bands and increase the power amplitude of low-frequency bands. Because of these influences, spectral markers for HRV signals, such as the quotient between spectral power at different frequency bands, should be compared only under controlled breathing conditions or after considering the effect of variations in breathing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
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García-González MA, Crusius JB, Strunk MH, Bouma G, Pérez-Centeno CM, Pals G, Meuwissen SG, Peña AS. TGFB1 gene polymorphisms and inflammatory bowel disease. Immunogenetics 2000; 51:869-72. [PMID: 10970103 DOI: 10.1007/s002510000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Nemetz A, Nosti-Escanilla MP, Molnár T, Köpe A, Kovács A, Fehér J, Tulassay Z, Nagy F, García-González MA, Peña AS. IL1B gene polymorphisms influence the course and severity of inflammatory bowel disease. Immunogenetics 1999; 49:527-31. [PMID: 10380697 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence of a disbalance in the inflammatory regulation of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Interleukin-1 beta plays an important role in the pro-inflammatory response. Our aim was to study the influence which IL1B gene polymorphisms may have on the severity and course of these diseases. Ninety-six patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 98 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), and 132 ethnically matched healty individuals (HC) were typed for the polymorphic sites in the promoter region (position -511) and in exon 5 (position +3953) of the IL1B gene, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. In the CD group a significant association (P = 0.009) was found in this pair of genes. Homozygotes for allele 1 at position +3953 were more often present (69% vs 31%) in the subgroup of patients carrying at least one copy of allele 2 at position -511. This association was significant in patients with non-perforating disease (P = 0.002), but was not present in patients with perforating-fistulizing disease. The distribution of both allelic pairs in the non-fistulizing group proved to be significantly different from HC (P < 0.05), UC (P < 0.03), and the fistulizing group (P < 0.05). There was a similar association in non-operated patients (P = 0.024), whereas no such association was found in surgically treated patients. Among carriers of allele 2 at position -511, UC patients with more severe bleeding symptoms (P = 0.006) were less frequently found. These results suggest that IL1B gene polymorphisms participate in determining the course and severity of inflammatory bowel disease and contribute to explain the heterogeneity of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemetz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University of Medical Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Bouma G, Crusius JB, García-González MA, Meijer BU, Hellemans HP, Hakvoort RJ, Schreuder GM, Kostense PJ, Meuwissen SG, Peña AS. Genetic markers in clinically well defined patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 115:294-300. [PMID: 9933456 PMCID: PMC1905167 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/1998] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of genetic association studies in UC are conflicting. We propose that the power of candidate gene studies will increase when disease heterogeneity is taken into account. Phenotype frequencies of molecularly defined HLA-DR alleles, polymorphisms in the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-alpha), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-1beta genes were determined in 98 clinically well characterized UC patients with a mean period of follow up of 10 years, and ethnically matched healthy controls (HC). The alleles HLA-DRB1*0103 (phenotype frequency 6% versus 0.2%; P = 0.0002; odds ratio (OR) 27.6) and DRB1*15 (41% versus 26%; P = 0. 001; OR = 2.0, compared with HC) were associated with overall disease susceptibility. Subgroup analysis revealed that DRB1*15 was only increased in females (53% versus 24%; P < 0.0001; OR = 3.5), but not in males. With regard to disease localization, all DRB1*0103+ patients had extensive disease (P < 0.002; OR = 33.5), and DRB1*15 was found in 59% of females with extensive colitis (P < 0.0001; OR = 4.4). DRB1*0103 was significantly increased in patients undergoing colectomy (P < 0.0002; OR = 84). No association between overall disease susceptibility and the cytokine gene polymorphisms were found. Subgroup analysis revealed several significant associations, but most did not retain significance when corrected for multiple comparisons. However, a noticeable finding was that haplotype TNF-C was significantly associated with progression in extent of disease (P = 0.003, OR = 20.4). This study provides additional evidence for the role of DRB1 alleles in the susceptibility to UC, and supports the hypothesis that these alleles may determine the severity of the disease. The cytokine gene polymorphisms evaluated in this study do not seem to be strong risk factors for the overall disease susceptibility in UC, but may be involved in determining the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bouma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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26
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Nemetz A, Köpe A, Molnár T, Kovács A, Fehér J, Tulassay Z, Nagy F, García-González MA, Peña AS. Significant differences in the interleukin-1beta and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphisms in a Hungarian population with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999; 34:175-9. [PMID: 10192196 DOI: 10.1080/00365529950173041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence of the importance of genetic predisposition and the activation of the mucosal immune system in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, genes involved in the regulation of inflammation are receiving increased attention. We have studied whether Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with certain allelic combinations of IL1B/IL1RA gene polymorphisms in a different European population than the ones studied so far. METHODS Ninety-six patients with UC, 97 with CD, and 132 healthy individuals (HC) were typed for the polymorphic regions in exon 5 of the IL1B gene and in intron 2 of the IL1RA gene, using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. RESULTS In CD homozygotes for allele 1 in IL1B gene polymorphism were more often present (72% versus 28%; P = 0.01) in the subgroup of patients carrying at least one copy of allele 2 in IL1RA gene polymorphism. This association was not found in HC (HC versus CD; P = 0.03) or UC. However, in UC patients with pancolitis a similar trend was observed (75% versus 25%). Several genotype combinations characterized by the presence of allele 2 of the IL1RA gene polymorphism were more common in CD (P = 0.001) and UC (P = 0.049) than in HC. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the concept that CD and severe UC have a genetic disequilibrium in the distribution of IL1B and IL1RA gene polymorphisms. These findings together with functional studies will contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of the chronicity of inflammation in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nemetz
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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García-González MA, Peña AS. [Nitric oxide and inflammatory bowel disease]. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1998; 90:870-6. [PMID: 9973849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological mediator with effects on homeostasis, neurotransmission and immune function. Chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa in patients in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease has been reported to be associated with enhanced production of NO and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Whereas small amounts of NO produced by endothelial constitutive calcium-dependent NOS may act to preserve intestinal mucosa integrity, large amounts of NO synthesised by inducible calcium-independent NOS may play a key role in further aggravation of the inflammation and may be associated with the development of intestinal mucosal injury and amplification of immune response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this article we review NO pathways, mechanisms of action, functions, regulation, immunogenetics and the role played in IBD. A deeper knowledge of the NO physiopathology may allow new therapeutical approaches in IBD patients. In fact, the development of selective inhibitors of NOS isoforms could provide a novel therapeutic option in the management of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A García-González
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Países Bajos
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Bouma G, Poen AC, García-González MA, Schreuder GM, Felt-Bersma RJ, Meuwissen SG, Pena AS. HLA-DRB1*03, but not the TNFA -308 promoter gene polymorphism, confers protection against fistulising Crohn's disease. Immunogenetics 1998; 47:451-5. [PMID: 9553151 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) appears in forms so diverse that it has been hypothesized CD might be a syndrome, with different pathogenic mechanisms leading to the various clinical phenotypes. This may plausibly explain the conflicting and inconclusive results with regard to HLA associations in unselected groups of patients. The power of these association studies may increase when disease heterogeneity is taken into account. As fistulising CD has been proposed as a separate subgroup of patients with CD, we studied the carrier frequencies (CF) of the DRB1 alleles in 35 unrelated Caucasian Dutch CD patients with proven peri-anal fistulas. A striking decrease in the frequency of the DRB1(*)03 allele was found in those patients with peri-anal fistulas when compared with a panel of 2400 healthy controls (HC) (3% vs 25%; P = 0.005; Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.09). The DRB1(*)03 allele is in strong linkage disequilibrium with a polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter region of the gene encoding TNFalpha (TNFA-308(*)2). We investigated whether this allele frequency was decreased as well. Surprisingly, the CF of TNFA-308(*)2 was 29%, not different from the CF of 98 HC (34%; P = 0. 7; OR = 0.8). This study is the first showing a significant negative association between DRB1(*)03 and a particular subgroup of CD patients. Thus, patient selection may largely determine the outcome of genetic association studies in CD, as we previously observed no association with this allele in an unselected population of CD patients. As DRB1(*)03 frequency, but not the closely linked TNFA-308(*)2, was decreased, this suggests recombination between the DRB1 and TNFA loci in this group of patients, and may help to define the biological basis of fistula formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bouma
- Depa1tment of Gastroenterology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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