1
|
Danila DC, Leversha MA, Gonzalez-Espinoza R, Anand A, Gu B, Gignac GA, Larson S, Heller G, Fleisher M, Scher HI. Circulating tumor cells in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5076 Background: Blood-based assays are urgently needed to provide molecular information on the specific targets expressed in tumor cells to optimize treatment selection. Antibody-capture technologies have been applied to isolate circulating tumor cells (CTC) from small volumes of peripheral blood from patients with progressive castrate metastatic prostate cancer. It has been demonstrated previously that CTC isolated from these patients represent authentic prostate cancer cells. Methods: CTC, positive for EpCAM (epithelial cellular adhesion molecule) and nuclear DAPI, and CD45 negative, were isolated from 120 patients with clinical castrate metastatic disease. All patients had rising PSA levels and were on stable treatment regimens at the time of CTC sampling. We tested the association between CTC counts and PSA levels, and the extent of disease to bone, and soft tissue metastasis by Wilcoxon rank sum. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed for AR and ERBB2 genes by an adapted method in CTC. Results: The average age in this patient cohort was 69 years, and median PSA at the time when CTC were drawn was 111 ng/mL (range 0.86–12147 ng/mL). The patterns of metastatic spread included disease in soft tissue only in 12 patients (10%), in bone and soft tissue in 67 (56%), and in bone only in 41 patients (34%). CTC counts ranged from 0 to 1958 cells per 7.5 mL of blood. A large number of patients (54, 45%) had 10 or more circulating tumor cells, while only 33 patients (27.5%) had 1 or less CTC per sample of blood. Significantly higher numbers of CTC were detected in patients with bone metastasis compared to those without bone metastasis (11 vs. 2.5, p<0.01). In patients with marked amplification of AR locus (five patients), tetraploidy was noted in the majority of cases (four cases). Two patients without AR amplification showed apparent tetraploidy, while no analyzed samples (nine) had amplification of ERBB2. Conclusions: The analysis of cancer-related gene alterations in CTC is feasible in a hospital-based laboratory. Further gene expression studies focused on the patients with higher numbers of CTC in correlation with clinical outcomes, as well as the investigation of CTC gene expression during specific treatments are under way. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Danila
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | - A. Anand
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - B. Gu
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - G. A. Gignac
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S. Larson
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - G. Heller
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M. Fleisher
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - H. I. Scher
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leversha MA, Fielding P, Watson S, Gosney JR, Field JK. Expression of p53, pRB, and p16 in lung tumours: a validation study on tissue microarrays. J Pathol 2003; 200:610-9. [PMID: 12898597 DOI: 10.1002/path.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays have been created from 326 lung tumours, including 173 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 132 adenocarcinomas (ADs). In order to evaluate the usefulness of this microarray series, the expression of p53, p16, and Rb proteins was compared by immunohistochemistry on both the tissue microarrays and the corresponding whole sections for all 326 tumours. The presence of replicate punches improved both the yield and the concordance of data relative to the whole section results, so that the consensus score from the replicates agreed with the whole section result in more than 90% of informative tumours. The large number of tumours in this series also allowed significant differences in protein expression patterns to be detected between SCC and AD, the major subtypes of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). SCC had higher levels of p53 staining (67% vs 52% in AD) and substantially increased p16 loss (SCC 75%, AD 53%) combined with greater retention of pRB expression (SCC 86% vs 67% in AD). The strong inverse correlation between p16 and pRB seen in SCC was essentially absent in AD. This study represents the largest single immunohistochemical survey of protein expression for p53, p16, and RB in NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Leversha
- Molecular Oncology, Roy Castle International Centre for Lung Cancer Research, 200 London Road, Liverpool L3 9TA, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- M A Leversha
- Roy Castle International Centre for Lung Cancer Research, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bentley DR, Deloukas P, Dunham A, French L, Gregory SG, Humphray SJ, Mungall AJ, Ross MT, Carter NP, Dunham I, Scott CE, Ashcroft KJ, Atkinson AL, Aubin K, Beare DM, Bethel G, Brady N, Brook JC, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Burrows C, Butler AP, Carder C, Catanese JJ, Clee CM, Clegg SM, Cobley V, Coffey AJ, Cole CG, Collins JE, Conquer JS, Cooper RA, Culley KM, Dawson E, Dearden FL, Durbin RM, de Jong PJ, Dhami PD, Earthrowl ME, Edwards CA, Evans RS, Gillson CJ, Ghori J, Green L, Gwilliam R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harper GL, Heathcott RW, Holden JL, Holloway E, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howell GR, Huckle EJ, Hughes J, Hunt PJ, Hunt SE, Izmajlowicz M, Jones CA, Joseph SS, Laird G, Langford CF, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha MA, McCann OT, McDonald LM, McDowall J, Maslen GL, Mistry D, Moschonas NK, Neocleous V, Pearson DM, Phillips KJ, Porter KM, Prathalingam SR, Ramsey YH, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Rogers J, Rogers LJ, Sarafidou T, Scott DJ, Sharp GJ, Shaw-Smith CJ, Smink LJ, Soderlund C, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Sulston JE, Taylor A, Taylor RG, Thorpe AA, Tinsley E, Warry GL, Whittaker A, Whittaker P, Williams SH, Wilmer TE, Wooster R, Wright CL. The physical maps for sequencing human chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 20 and X. Nature 2001; 409:942-3. [PMID: 11237015 DOI: 10.1038/35057165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We constructed maps for eight chromosomes (1, 6, 9, 10, 13, 20, X and (previously) 22), representing one-third of the genome, by building landmark maps, isolating bacterial clones and assembling contigs. By this approach, we could establish the long-range organization of the maps early in the project, and all contig extension, gap closure and problem-solving was simplified by containment within local regions. The maps currently represent more than 94% of the euchromatic (gene-containing) regions of these chromosomes in 176 contigs, and contain 96% of the chromosome-specific markers in the human gene map. By measuring the remaining gaps, we can assess chromosome length and coverage in sequenced clones.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
- Contig Mapping
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- X Chromosome
Collapse
|
5
|
Kirsch IR, Green ED, Yonescu R, Strausberg R, Carter N, Bentley D, Leversha MA, Dunham I, Braden VV, Hilgenfeld E, Schuler G, Lash AE, Shen GL, Martelli M, Kuehl WM, Klausner RD, Ried T. A systematic, high-resolution linkage of the cytogenetic and physical maps of the human genome. Nat Genet 2000; 24:339-40. [PMID: 10742091 DOI: 10.1038/74149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
6
|
Mungall AJ, Humphray SJ, Ranby SA, Edwards CA, Heathcott RW, Clee CM, Holloway E, Peck AI, Harrison P, Green LD, Butler AP, Langford CF, William RG, Huckle EJ, Baron L, Smith A, Leversha MA, Ramsey YH, Clegg SM, Rice CM, Maslen GL, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Soderlund CA, Dunham I. From long range mapping to sequence-ready contigs on human chromosome 6. DNA Seq 2000; 8:151-4. [PMID: 10668960 DOI: 10.3109/10425179709034066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Our aim is to construct physical clone maps covering those regions of chromosome 6 that are not currently extensively mapped, and use these to determine the DNA sequence of the whole chromosome. The strategy we are following involves establishing a high density framework map of the order of 15 markers per Megabase using radiation hybrid (RH) mapping. The markers are then used to identify large-insert genomic bacterial clones covering the chromosome, which are assembled into sequence-ready contigs by restriction enzyme fingerprinting and sequence tagged site (STS) content analysis. Contig gap closure is performed by walking experiments using STSs developed from the end sequences of the clone inserts.
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- M A Leversha
- The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steingruber HE, Dunham A, Coffey AJ, Clegg SM, Howell GR, Maslen GL, Scott CE, Gwilliam R, Hunt PJ, Sotheran EC, Huckle EJ, Hunt SE, Dhami P, Soderlund C, Leversha MA, Bentley DR, Ross MT. High-resolution landmark framework for the sequence-ready mapping of Xq23-q26.1. Genome Res 1999; 9:751-62. [PMID: 10447510 PMCID: PMC310799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
We have established a landmark framework map over 20-25 Mb of the long arm of the human X chromosome using yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. The map has approximately one landmark per 45 kb of DNA and stretches from DXS7531 in proximal Xq23 to DXS895 in proximal Xq26, connecting to published framework maps on its proximal and distal sides. There are three gaps in the framework map resulting from the failure to obtain clone coverage from the YAC resources available. Estimates of the maximum sizes of these gaps have been obtained. The four YAC contigs have been positioned and oriented using somatic-cell hybrids and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the largest is estimated to cover approximately 15 Mb of DNA. The framework map is being used to assemble a sequence-ready map in large-insert bacterial clones, as part of an international effort to complete the sequence of the X chromosome. PAC and BAC contigs currently cover 18 Mb of the region, and from these, 12 Mb of finished sequence is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Steingruber
- The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goedert M, Hasegawa J, Craxton M, Leversha MA, Clegg S. Assignment of the human stress-activated protein kinase-3 gene (SAPK3) to chromosome 22q13.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics 1997; 41:501-2. [PMID: 9169156 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Goedert
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Theodosiou AM, Rodrigues NR, Nesbit MA, Ambrose HJ, Paterson H, McLellan-Arnold E, Boyd Y, Leversha MA, Owen N, Blake DJ, Ashworth A, Davies KE. A member of the MAP kinase phosphatase gene family in mouse containing a complex trinucleotide repeat in the coding region. Hum Mol Genet 1996; 5:675-84. [PMID: 8733137 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/5.5.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified a novel mouse gene encoding a protein that shows high homology to the dual-specificity tyrosine/threonine phosphatase family of proteins. The gene encodes a 5 kb transcript which is expressed predominantly in brain and lung and contains a translated complex trinucleotide repeat within the coding region. Using interspecific mouse backcross analysis, the gene has been localised to distal mouse chromosome 7. In human, homologous sequences are located in the syntenic region on distal chromosome 11p as well as to chromosome 10q11.2 and 10q22. The presence of a CG-rich trinucleotide repeat in the coding region provides a target for mutation which might result in loss of function or altered properties of this phosphatase.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Brain Chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Mice
- Microinjections
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Subcellular Fractions/chemistry
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Trinucleotide Repeats
Collapse
|
11
|
Collins JE, Cole CG, Smink LJ, Garrett CL, Leversha MA, Soderlund CA, Maslen GL, Everett LA, Rice KM, Coffey AJ. A high-density YAC contig map of human chromosome 22. Nature 1995; 377:367-79. [PMID: 7566101 DOI: 10.1038/377367a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a high-resolution clone map of human chromosome 22 which integrates the available physical and genetic information, establishing a single consensus. The map consists of all classes of DNA landmarks ordered on 705 yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) at an average landmark density of more than one per 70 kilobases. This map represents the practical limits of currently available YAC resources and provides the basis for determination of the entire gene content and genomic DNA sequence of human chromosome 22.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
We report the construction of a physical map based on cloned DNA within the candidate region for the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC1) gene on chromosome 9q34, between the markers D9S149 and D9S66. The DNA clones form three contigs consisting of 7 YACs, bridged by P1 and cosmid clones, and cover more than 950 kb of 9q34. Despite intensive screening of all available libraries, two gaps remain. A detailed physical map of much of this region was derived, and restriction mapping of the YAC, P1, and cosmid clones reveals novel CpG islands in this region. This set of genomic clones provides a resource for characterizing candidates for the TSC1 gene, guided by the location of CpG islands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Richards AJ, al-Imara L, Carter NP, Lloyd JC, Leversha MA, Pope FM. Localization of the gene (LAMA4) to chromosome 6q21 and isolation of a partial cDNA encoding a variant laminin A chain. Genomics 1994; 22:237-9. [PMID: 7959779 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1994.1372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminin is a basement membrane glycoprotein composed of three nonidentical chains, A, B1, and B2. Variant chains such as merosin and S-laminin have been found in different tissues. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel laminin A variant that hybridizes to a 6.45-kb mRNA. Using amplification of genomic DNA and flow-sorted chromosomes we have assigned the gene (LAMA4) for this new laminin A variant to chromosome 6. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of a YAC clone further localized the gene to 6q21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Richards
- Dermatology Research Group, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bailey DM, Carter NP, de Vos D, Leversha MA, Perryman MT, Ferguson-Smith MA. Coincidence painting: a rapid method for cloning region specific DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:5117-23. [PMID: 8255765 PMCID: PMC310625 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.22.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a novel coincidence cloning strategy, termed Coincidence Painting, which enables the rapid generation of large numbers of region specific sequences. Coincidence Painting utilises Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed PCR (DOP-PCR) amplification of flow sorted derivative translocation chromosomes. The PCR products are hybridised in situ onto specific flow sorted chromosomes for coincident sequence selection. Eluted and reamplified material is then cloned using a novel insert end revelation and ligation technique. Cloned inserts range in size from 150-1300 bps of which approximately 54% appear to be single copy sequences. The cloning method permits the excision of vector free probe for library hybridisation screening and the small insert size facilitates analysis for the generation of sequence tagged sites (STSs). We have used such clones successfully for YAC screening by PCR and for cosmid screening by filter hybridisation. This new methodology should allow the rapid saturation with probes of regions defined by specific translocation breakpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Bailey
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Phipps ME, Maher ER, Affara NA, Latif F, Leversha MA, Ferguson-Smith ME, Nakamura Y, Lerman M, Zbar B, Ferguson-Smith MA. Physical mapping of chromosome 3p25-p26 by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Hum Genet 1993; 92:18-22. [PMID: 8365722 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As part of our effort to isolate and characterise the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease gene, we constructed a physical map of chromosome 3p25-26 by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) studies on a panel of cytogenetic rearrangements involving this region. Biotinylated cosmid and lambda probes were hybridised to metaphase chromosome spreads and positioned with respect to each cytogenetic breakpoint. These studies unequivocally established the order of five loci linked to the VHL disease gene: cen-(RAF1,312)-D3S732-D3S1250-D3S601-D3S18 -pter and determined the position of three other probes within this map. These results ordered RAF1 and D3S732 for the first time, confirmed the localisation of D3S1250 between RAF1 and D3S601 and determined the position of D3S651 with respect to other chromosome 3p25-p26 loci. The establishment of an ordered set of cytogenetic aberrations will enable the rapid assignment of polymorphic and nonpolymorphic cloned sequences within the chromosome region 3p25-p26.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Phipps
- Cambridge University Department of Pathology, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tzimagiorgis G, Leversha MA, Chroniary K, Goulielmos G, Sargent CA, Ferguson-Smith M, Moschonas NK. Structure and expression analysis of a member of the human glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) gene family mapped to chromosome 10p11.2. Hum Genet 1993; 91:433-8. [PMID: 8314555 DOI: 10.1007/bf00217767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) is a key metabolic enzyme of the mitochondrion, playing an important role in mammalian neuronal transmission. GLUD deficiency has been associated with certain forms of neurodegeneration in the human cerebellum. Genomic DNA blot hybridization analysis and identification of a large number of GLUD-specific genomic clones have suggested that human GLUD is encoded by a multigene family consisting of at least six members. A functional GLUD gene, GLUD1, has been mapped to chromosome 10q22.3-23 and a full-length "processed" GLUD gene, GLUDP1, to chromosome Xq22-23. In the context of studing the structure, the role, and the chromosomal organization of the other family members, we have analysed in detail, a cosmid clone solely reactive with the 3' region of the GLUD cDNA. Structure and expression analysis of its GLUD-specific region suggests that it represents a truncated "processed" GLUD pseudogene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using the entire cosmid as a probe, mapped this GLUD gene locus, termed GLUDP5, to chromosome 10p11.2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Tzimagiorgis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- M A Leversha
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tunnacliffe A, Liu L, Moore JK, Leversha MA, Jackson MS, Papi L, Ferguson-Smith MA, Thiesen HJ, Ponder BA. Duplicated KOX zinc finger gene clusters flank the centromere of human chromosome 10: evidence for a pericentric inversion during primate evolution. Nucleic Acids Res 1993; 21:1409-17. [PMID: 8464732 PMCID: PMC309326 DOI: 10.1093/nar/21.6.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two related zinc finger (ZNF) gene clusters from the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 10, defined by cDNAs of the KOX series, have been cloned in yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs). The two clusters evolved by duplication of an ancestral gene cluster before the divergence of the human and great ape lineages. Included in cluster A are the ZNF gene sequences ZNF11A, ZNF33A, and ZNF37A, while cluster B comprises the related sequences ZNF11B, ZNF33B and ZNF37B. Genes from both clusters are expressed: cDNAs KOX2, KOX31 and KOX21 derive from ZNF11B, ZNF33A and ZNF37A, respectively. Further YACs have been isolated which link ZNF11A and ZNF33A to another gene, ZNF25, defined by cDNA clone KOX19. Therefore ZNF25 also forms part of cluster A, but has no counterpart in cluster B. Surprisingly, the KOX ZNF gene clusters are located on opposite sides of the centromere: cluster A maps to 10p11.2, while cluster B is in 10q11.2. This suggests the occurrence during primate evolution of a previously undescribed pericentric inversion subsequent to the cluster duplication. The evolution of this subset of KOX ZNF genes has therefore involved three types of genetic event: local gene duplication, gene cluster duplication, and chromosome rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tunnacliffe
- CRC Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Goudie DR, Yuille MA, Leversha MA, Furlong RA, Carter NP, Lush MJ, Affara NA, Ferguson-Smith MA. Multiple self-healing squamous epitheliomata (ESS1) mapped to chromosome 9q22-q31 in families with common ancestry. Nat Genet 1993; 3:165-9. [PMID: 8499949 DOI: 10.1038/ng0293-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A gene (ESS1) predisposing to the development of multiple invasive but self-healing skin tumours (squamous cell epitheliomata) is tightly linked to the polymorphic DNA marker D9S53 (9q31) with a maximum lod score of 9.02 at a recombination fraction of 0.03. Multipoint linkage analysis demonstrates that the disease locus is most likely to lie between D9S58 (9q22.3-31) and ASSP3 (9q11-q22). Comparison of markers associated with ESS1 in independently ascertained families suggests a common origin of the disease and defines the location of ESS1. Haplotype studies indicate that the disease locus is most likely to lie between D9S29 (9q31) and D9S1 (9q22.1-q22.2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Goudie
- Genetic and Tumour Virus, Pathology Unit, Cambridge University, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carter NP, Ferguson-Smith MA, Perryman MT, Telenius H, Pelmear AH, Leversha MA, Glancy MT, Wood SL, Cook K, Dyson HM. Reverse chromosome painting: a method for the rapid analysis of aberrant chromosomes in clinical cytogenetics. J Med Genet 1992; 29:299-307. [PMID: 1583656 PMCID: PMC1015948 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.29.5.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method, termed reverse chromosome painting, which allows the rapid analysis of the content and breakpoints of aberrant chromosomes. The method involves the sorting of small numbers of the aberrant chromosome from short term blood culture preparations or cell lines by using bivariate flow karyotype analysis. The sorted chromosomes are amplified and biotin labelled enzymatically using a degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR), the product annealed to metaphase spreads from normal subjects, and hybridisation detected using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). We show the usefulness of this method for routine clinical cytogenetics by the analysis of cases involving an insertion, a deletion, a translocation, and two cases of a chromosome with additional material of unknown origin. The method has particular application for the rapid resolution of the origin of de novo unbalanced chromosome duplications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N P Carter
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Furlong RA, Lyall JE, Goudie DR, Leversha MA, Affara NA, Ferguson-Smith MA. A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D9S109 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:925. [PMID: 1542592 PMCID: PMC312054 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.4.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R A Furlong
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lyall JE, Furlong RA, Yuille MA, Goudie DR, Leversha MA, Affara NA, Ferguson-Smith MA. A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the D9S127 locus. Nucleic Acids Res 1992; 20:925. [PMID: 1542593 PMCID: PMC312055 DOI: 10.1093/nar/20.4.925-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J E Lyall
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reik W, Leversha MA, Waterfield NR, Singh PB. Mapping of two human homologs of a Drosophila heterochromatin protein gene to the X chromosome. Mamm Genome 1992; 3:650-2. [PMID: 1450515 DOI: 10.1007/bf00352483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Reik
- Department of Molecular Embryology, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham, Cambridge
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Colley AF, Leversha MA, Voullaire LE, Rogers JG. Five cases demonstrating the distinctive behavioural features of chromosome deletion 17(p11.2 p11.2) (Smith-Magenis syndrome). J Paediatr Child Health 1990; 26:17-21. [PMID: 2331413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Children with hyperactivity and self-destructive behaviour present a difficult problem for parents and paediatricians. The syndrome described by Smith and Magenis is due to a deletion on the short arm of chromosome 17: del(17)(p11.2 p11.2). Clinical manifestations include brachycephaly and a flat mid-face; brachydactyly; short, broad hands; mental retardation; and aberrant behaviour, including hyperactivity. We report on five children, and review the literature on a newly recognised syndrome in which the behaviour manifestations may precede and often overshadow the learning disabilities and unusual appearance. In addition, we have found sleep disturbance to be a major feature in our patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A F Colley
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Voullaire LE, Webb GC, Leversha MA. Chromosome deletion at 11q23 in an abnormal child from a family with inherited fragility at 11q23. Hum Genet 1987; 76:202-4. [PMID: 3610150 DOI: 10.1007/bf00284923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A neonate with clinical features of the 11q23 deletion syndrome was apparently mosaic with the dominant cell line showing deletion of the chromosomal segment 11q23.3 to 11qter. The presence of a few lymphocytes with a normal karyotype indicates post-zygotic deletion of chromosome 11. The mother and brother of the propositus show folate-sensitive fragility at band 11q23.3. This case indicates in vivo deletion at a folate-sensitive fragile site.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Leversha MA, Susman MR. Chromosomes in miscarriage. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978; 130:245-6. [PMID: 619672 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(78)90394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|