The impact of social determinants and lifestyles on dietary patterns during pregnancy: evidence from the "Mamma & Bambino" study.
ANNALI DI IGIENE : MEDICINA PREVENTIVA E DI COMUNITA 2020;
31:81-89. [PMID:
30994167 DOI:
10.7416/ai.2019.2280]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
During pregnancy, maternal dietary patterns play a critical role in determining maternal and new-born health. Recent evidence highlighted the influence of either social determinants and lifestyles on the adherence to different dietary patterns.
STUDY DESIGN
In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the association of social determinants and lifestyles with maternal dietary patterns in the "Mother & Child" cohort, a prospective study that enrols mother-child pairs from Catania, Italy.
METHODS
Dietary patterns were derived using Food Frequency Questionnaire and Principal Component Analysis. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, educational level and employment status), lifestyles (i.e., smoking status, body mass index, use of folic acid, multivitamin and multi-mineral supplements) and dietary patterns.
RESULTS
Overall, 332 women were enrolled and the following dietary patterns were derived: the "western" dietary pattern, characterized by high intake of red meat, fries, dipping sauces, salty snacks and alcoholic drinks; the second one, named "prudent", characterized by high intake of potatoes, raw and cooked vegetables, legumes, rice and soup. Multivariable analysis showed that young age, low educational level and smoking were positively associated with the adherence to the western dietary pattern. In contrast, pre-gestational body mass index was negatively associated with the adherence to the prudent dietary pattern.
CONCLUSION
Our results raise the need of strategies for promoting healthy dietary habits among women in their reproductive age, which might also help control their body weight before and during pregnancy. These strategies should be prioritized to young women of low educational level, who generally share other unhealthy behaviours.
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