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Lauber S, Aulenbacher K, Barth W, Basten M, Burandt C, Dziuba F, Forck P, Gettmann V, Heilmann M, Kürzeder T, List J, Miski-Oglu M, Podlech H, Rubin A, Schwarz M, Sieber T, Yaramyshev S. A dynamic collimation and alignment system for the Helmholtz linear accelerator. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:113306. [PMID: 34852560 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The upcoming commissioning of the superconducting (SC) continuous wave Helmholtz linear accelerators first of series cryomodule is going to demand precise alignment of the four internal SC cavities and two SC solenoids. For optimal results, a beam-based alignment method is used to reduce the misalignment of the whole cryomodule, as well as its individual components. A symmetric beam of low transverse emittance is required for this method, which is to be formed by a collimation system. It consists of two separate plates with milled slits, aligned in the horizontal and vertical direction. The collimation system and alignment measurements are proposed, investigated, and realized. The complete setup of this system and its integration into the existing environment at the GSI High Charge State Injector are presented, as well as the results of the recent reference measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lauber
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - W Barth
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - M Basten
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - C Burandt
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - F Dziuba
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - P Forck
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - V Gettmann
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - M Heilmann
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - T Kürzeder
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - J List
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | | | - H Podlech
- IAP, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Rubin
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- IAP, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - T Sieber
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
| | - S Yaramyshev
- GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Darmstadt 64291, Germany
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Buschmann M, Fetty L, Heilemann G, Heilmann M, Kuess P, Georg D, Nesvacil N. PH-0411: Neural network based MR-only treatment planning for cervix cancer using low field MR images. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Heilmann M, Schmid R, Kirisits C, Berger D, Nesvacil N, Pötter R, Widder J, Schmid M. PV-0252: Image-guided boost brachytherapy for anal canal cancer: tumour and functional outcome. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30562-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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4
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Tessarek C, Rechberger S, Dieker C, Heilmann M, Spiecker E, Christiansen S. Understanding GaN/InGaN core-shell growth towards high quality factor whispering gallery modes from non-polar InGaN quantum wells on GaN rods. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:485601. [PMID: 29105645 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
GaN microrods are used as a basis for subsequent InGaN quantum well (QW) and quantum dot deposition by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The coverage of the shell along the sidewall of rods is dependent on the rod growth time and a complete coverage is obtained for shorter rod growth times. Transmission electron microscopy measurements are performed to reveal the structural properties of the InGaN layer on the sidewall facet and on the top facet. The presence of layers in the microrod and on the microrod surface will be discussed with respect to GaN and InGaN growth. A detailed model will be presented explaining the formation of multiple SiN layers and the partial and full coverage of the shell around the core. Cathodoluminescence measurements are performed to analyze the InGaN emission properties along the microrod and to study the microresonator properties of such hexagonal core-shell structures. High quality factor whispering gallery modes with [Formula: see text] are reported for the first time in a GaN microrod/InGaN non-polar QW core-shell geometry. The GaN/InGaN core-shell microrods are expected to be promising building blocks for low-threshold laser diodes and ultra-sensitive optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tessarek
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Heilmann M, Berger D, Schmid R, Bör J, Wisgrill B, Pötter R, Kirisits C, Schmid M. EP-1790: A balloon applicator with adjustable catheters for image-guided endoluminal rectal brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)32152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Latzel M, Büttner P, Sarau G, Höflich K, Heilmann M, Chen W, Wen X, Conibeer G, Christiansen SH. Significant performance enhancement of InGaN/GaN nanorod LEDs with multi-layer graphene transparent electrodes by alumina surface passivation. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:055201. [PMID: 28008871 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/5/055201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanotextured surfaces provide an ideal platform for efficiently capturing and emitting light. However, the increased surface area in combination with surface defects induced by nanostructuring e.g. using reactive ion etching (RIE) negatively affects the device's active region and, thus, drastically decreases device performance. In this work, the influence of structural defects and surface states on the optical and electrical performance of InGaN/GaN nanorod (NR) light emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated by top-down RIE of c-plane GaN with InGaN quantum wells was investigated. After proper surface treatment a significantly improved device performance could be shown. Therefore, wet chemical removal of damaged material in KOH solution followed by atomic layer deposition of only 10 [Formula: see text] alumina as wide bandgap oxide for passivation were successfully applied. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the initially compressively strained InGaN/GaN LED layer stack turned into a virtually completely relaxed GaN and partially relaxed InGaN combination after RIE etching of NRs. Time-correlated single photon counting provides evidence that both treatments-chemical etching and alumina deposition-reduce the number of pathways for non-radiative recombination. Steady-state photoluminescence revealed that the luminescent performance of the NR LEDs is increased by about 50% after KOH and 80% after additional alumina passivation. Finally, complete NR LED devices with a suspended graphene contact were fabricated, for which the effectiveness of the alumina passivation was successfully demonstrated by electroluminescence measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Latzel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Thöns C, Senff T, Hydes TJ, Manser AR, Heinemann FM, Heinold A, Heilmann M, Uhrberg M, Scherbaum N, Khakoo SI, Timm J. HLA-Bw4 80(T) and high HLA-Bw4 copy numbers in combination with KIR3DL1 are associated with superior immune control of HCV infection in people who inject drugs. Z Gastroenterol 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Thöns
- Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - T Senff
- Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - TJ Hydes
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Academic Sciences, Southampton, UK
| | - AR Manser
- Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - FM Heinemann
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - A Heinold
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - M Heilmann
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Department for Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behavior, Essen, Germany
| | - M Uhrberg
- Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Institute for Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Department for Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behavior, Essen, Germany
| | - SI Khakoo
- University of Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Academic Sciences, Southampton, UK
| | - J Timm
- Heinrich-Heine-University, University Hospital, Institute for Virology, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Kumar A, Heilmann M, Latzel M, Kapoor R, Sharma I, Göbelt M, Christiansen SH, Kumar V, Singh R. Barrier inhomogeneities limited current and 1/f noise transport in GaN based nanoscale Schottky barrier diodes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27553. [PMID: 27282258 PMCID: PMC4901317 DOI: 10.1038/srep27553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical behaviour of Schottky barrier diodes realized on vertically standing individual GaN nanorods and array of nanorods is investigated. The Schottky diodes on individual nanorod show highest barrier height in comparison with large area diodes on nanorods array and epitaxial film which is in contrast with previously published work. The discrepancy between the electrical behaviour of nanoscale Schottky diodes and large area diodes is explained using cathodoluminescence measurements, surface potential analysis using Kelvin probe force microscopy and 1ow frequency noise measurements. The noise measurements on large area diodes on nanorods array and epitaxial film suggest the presence of barrier inhomogeneities at the metal/semiconductor interface which deviate the noise spectra from Lorentzian to 1/f type. These barrier inhomogeneities in large area diodes resulted in reduced barrier height whereas due to the limited role of barrier inhomogeneities in individual nanorod based Schottky diode, a higher barrier height is obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - M. Heilmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Latzel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raman Kapoor
- Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Intu Sharma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - M. Göbelt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Straße 1/Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke H. Christiansen
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Nano-Architectures for Energy Conversion, Helmholtz - Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
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Tessarek C, Fladischer S, Dieker C, Sarau G, Hoffmann B, Bashouti M, Göbelt M, Heilmann M, Latzel M, Butzen E, Figge S, Gust A, Höflich K, Feichtner T, Büchele M, Schwarzburg K, Spiecker E, Christiansen S. Self-Catalyzed Growth of Vertically Aligned InN Nanorods by Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy. Nano Lett 2016; 16:3415-3425. [PMID: 27187840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertically aligned hexagonal InN nanorods were grown mask-free by conventional metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy without any foreign catalyst. The In droplets on top of the nanorods indicate a self-catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth mode. A systematic study on important growth parameters has been carried out for the optimization of nanorod morphology. The nanorod N-polarity, induced by high temperature nitridation of the sapphire substrate, is necessary to achieve vertical growth. Hydrogen, usually inapplicable during InN growth due to formation of metallic indium, and silane are needed to enhance the aspect ratio and to reduce parasitic deposition beside the nanorods on the sapphire surface. The results reveal many similarities between InN and GaN nanorod growth showing that the process despite the large difference in growth temperature is similar. Transmission electron microscopy, spatially resolved energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have been performed to analyze the structural properties. Spatially resolved cathodoluminescence investigations are carried out to verify the optical activity of the InN nanorods. The InN nanorods are expected to be the material of choice for high-efficiency hot carrier solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tessarek
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Fladischer
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Dieker
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Sarau
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Hoffmann
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Bashouti
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Göbelt
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Heilmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Latzel
- Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Staudtstr. 7/B2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Butzen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Figge
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - A Gust
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen , Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - K Höflich
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - T Feichtner
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Büchele
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Schwarzburg
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Spiecker
- Institut für Mikro- und Nanostrukturforschung & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Christiansen
- Institut für Nanoarchitekturen für die Energieumwandlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Günther-Scharowsky-Str. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physics Department, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Heilmann M, Scherbaum N. Cannabis und Kriminalität. Suchttherapie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Heilmann
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Klinik für abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | - N. Scherbaum
- LVR-Klinikum Essen, Klinik für abhängiges Verhalten und Suchtmedizin, Kliniken/Institut der Universität Duisburg-Essen
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Heilmann M, Scherbaum N. Zur Bedeutung ergänzender medikamentöser Strategien im Maßregelvollzug gemäß § 64 StGB. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11757-014-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Arranged marriage in lipid signalling? The limited choices of PtdIns(4,5)P2 in finding the right partner. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2013; 15:789-797. [PMID: 23627419 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inositol-containing phospholipids (phosphoinositides, PIs) control numerous cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. For plants, a key involvement of PIs has been demonstrated in the regulation of membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and in processes mediating the adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)) mediates its cellular functions via binding to various alternative target proteins. Such downstream targets of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) are characterised by the possession of specific lipid-binding domains, and binding of the PtdIns(4,5)P(2) ligand exerts effects on their activity or localisation. The large number of potential alternative binding partners - and associated cellular processes - raises the question how alternative or even contrapuntal effects of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) are orchestrated to enable cellular function. This article aims to provide an overview of recent insights and new views on how distinct functional pools of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) are generated and maintained. The emerging picture suggests that PtdIns(4,5)P(2) species containing different fatty acids influence the lateral mobility of the lipids in the membrane, possibly enabling specific interactions of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) pools with certain downstream targets. PtdIns(4,5)P(2) pools with certain functions might also be defined by protein-protein interactions of PI4P 5-kinases, which pass PtdIns(4,5)P(2) only to certain downstream partners. Individually or in combination, PtdIns(4,5)P(2) species and specific protein-protein interactions of PI4P 5-kinases might contribute to the channelling of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) signals towards specific functional effects. The dynamic nature of PI-dependent signalling complexes with specific functions is an added challenge for future studies of plant PI signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Schramm A, Schowe B, Fielitz K, Heilmann M, Martin M, Marschall T, Köster J, Vandesompele J, Vermeulen J, de Preter K, Koster J, Versteeg R, Noguera R, Speleman F, Rahmann S, Eggert A, Morik K, Schulte JH. Exon-level expression analyses identify MYCN and NTRK1 as major determinants of alternative exon usage and robustly predict primary neuroblastoma outcome. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:1409-17. [PMID: 23047593 PMCID: PMC3494449 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Using mRNA expression-derived signatures as predictors of individual patient outcome has been a goal ever since the introduction of microarrays. Here, we addressed whether analyses of tumour mRNA at the exon level can improve on the predictive power and classification accuracy of gene-based expression profiles using neuroblastoma as a model. Methods: In a patient cohort comprising 113 primary neuroblastoma specimens expression profiling using exon-level analyses was performed to define predictive signatures using various machine-learning techniques. Alternative transcript use was calculated from relative exon expression. Validation of alternative transcripts was achieved using qPCR- and cell-based approaches. Results: Both predictors derived from the gene or the exon levels resulted in prediction accuracies >80% for both event-free and overall survival and proved as independent prognostic markers in multivariate analyses. Alternative transcript use was most prominently linked to the amplification status of the MYCN oncogene, expression of the TrkA/NTRK1 neurotrophin receptor and survival. Conclusion: As exon level-based prediction yields comparable, but not significantly better, prediction accuracy than gene expression-based predictors, gene-based assays seem to be sufficiently precise for predicting outcome of neuroblastoma patients. However, exon-level analyses provide added knowledge by identifying alternative transcript use, which should deepen the understanding of neuroblastoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schramm
- University Hospital Essen, Childrens Hospital, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Germany.
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McCabe K, Shobeiri N, Beseau D, Adams M, Holden R, Shobeiri N, Adams M, Holden R, Maio T, McCabe K, Laverty K, Beseau D, Pang J, Jozefacki A, Shobeiri N, Holden R, Adams M, Salem S, Jankowski V, Passlick-Deetjen J, Peter M, Zidek W, Jankowski J, Riser B, Barreto F, Valaitis P, Cook C, White J, Drueke T, Holmes C, Massy Z, Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, Kumata C, Nakazawa A, Koiwa F, Kinugasa E, Akizawa T, Lopez I, Aguilera-Tejero E, Guerrero F, Pineda C, Raya AI, Peralta A, Rodriguez M, Ciceri P, Volpi E, Brenna I, Brancaccio D, Cozzolino M, Bozic M, deRoij J, Parisi E, Ruiz-Ortega M, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM, Lee CT, Ng HY, Tsai YC, Yang YK, Niwa T, Adijiang A, Shimizu H, Nishijima F, Okamoto T, Kamata K, Naito S, Aoyama T, Tazaki H, Yamanaka N, Koenigshausen E, Ohlsson S, Woznowski M, Quack I, Potthoff SA, Rump LC, Sellin L, Maquigussa E, Pereira L, Arnoni C, Boim M, Lee KW, Jeong JY, Jang WI, Chung S, Choi DE, Na KR, Shin YT, Slabiak-Blaz N, Adamczak M, Ritz E, Wiecek A, Uz E, Uz B, Sahin Balcik O, Kaya A, Akdeniz D, Bavbek Ruzgaresen N, Uz E, Turgut FH, Bayrak R, Carlioglu A, Akcay A, Galichon P, Vittoz N, Cornaire E, Baugey E, Vandermeersch S, Verpont MC, Mesnard L, Xu-Dubois YC, Hertig A, Rondeau E, Kokeny G, Fekeshazy O, Fang L, Rosivall L, Mozes MM, Duggan K, Hodge G, Ha H, Chen J, Lee L, Tay C, Macdonald G, Wang PHM, Tamouza H, Chemouny J, Monsinjon E, Tiwari M, Vende F, Vrtovsnik F, Camara NO, Benhamou M, Monteiro RC, Moura IC, Rigothier C, Saleem M, Ripoche J, Mathieson P, Combe C, Welsh G, Duwel A, Munoz-Felix JM, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Koutroutsos K, Kassimatis T, Nomikos A, Giannopoulou I, Papadakis J, Nakopoulou L, Nakamichi T, Mori T, Sato T, Sato H, Ito S, Neudecker S, Heilmann M, Kramer P, Wolf I, Sticht C, Schock-Kusch D, Gubhaju L, Kriz W, Bertram JF, Schad LR, Gretz N, Munoz-Felix JM, Fuentes-Calvo I, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Kimura T, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A, Kaimori JY, Matsui I, Namba T, Kitamura H, Niimura F, Matsusaka T, Soga T, Rakugi H, Isaka Y, Shin SJ, Kim KS, Kim WK, Rampanelli E, Teske G, Leemans J, Florquin S, Small D, Bennett N, Roy S, Gobe G, Blazquez-Medela AM, Garcia-Sanchez O, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Deibel A, Cheng J, Warner G, Knudsen B, Gray C, Lien K, Juskewitch J, Grande J, Wang N, Wang X, Zeng M, Sun B, Xing C, Zhao X, Xiong M, Yang J, Cao K, Priante G, Musacchio E, Sartori L, Valvason C, Baggio B, Pitlovanciv EDON, Reis LA, Pessoa EA, Teixeira L, Borges FT, Simoes MJ, Schor N, Munoz-Felix JM, Duwel A, Lopez-Novoa JM, Martinez-Salgado C, Doustar Y, Mohajeri D, Smirnov AV, Kucher AG, Ivanova GT, Berseneva ON, Parastaeva MM, Zarajsky MI, Saburova IJ, Kaukov IG, Koppe L, Fouque D, Dugenet Y, Soulage C, Wan J, Yang X, Cui J, Zou Z. Experimental pathology. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Heilmann M, Schönhofer B. Hypereosinophiles Syndrom mit kardiopulmonaler Manifestation. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sourbron S, Heilmann M, Biffar A, Walczak C, Vautier J, Volk A, Peller M. Bolus-tracking MRI with a simultaneous T
1
- and T
2*-measurement. Magn Reson Med 2009; 62:672-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Schönhofer B, Berndt C, Tonn H, Schneider KD, Heinemeyer D, Czudaj KP, Heilmann M, Fieguth HG, Mall W. [100 years Heidehaus--from sanatorium for tuberculosis to a modern chest hospital]. Pneumologie 2007; 61:759-63. [PMID: 18098068 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-993028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
When the sanatorium "Heidehaus" was founded on June 1, 1907 in the northern countryside of Hannover with Dr. Otto Ziegler as head about 120 beds for patients with tuberculosis were available. By 1914 about 200 patients were being treated by 4 physicians and 10 nurses. An operating theatre and a modern radiology unit were added in 1927. Shortly after the 2nd World War 400 patients with tuberculosis were hospitalised simultaneously. With the introduction of antituberculous triple drug treatment the number of patients dropped significantly. During this period many traditional facilities, used to care for patients with tuberculosis lost their financial basis and closed. However in the 1960s Prof. Schindler, the head of Heidehaus, widened the spectrum of the hospital into a modern chest hospital, focused on lung and airway diseases. In particular in the 1980s and 1990s this trend continued and 2 independent departments, i. e., pneumology and thoracic surgery were founded. In 2005 due to restructuring by the community of Hannover the "Heidehaus" moved completely and merged with another traditional hospital to become the new "Oststadt-Heidehaus". In its new surroundings both departments for pulmonary medicine and thoracic surgery offer a broad spectrum of modern thoracic medicine in cooperation with other disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schönhofer
- Abteilung für Pneumologie und internistische Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus Oststadt-Heidehaus, Klinikum der Region Hannover, 30659 Hannover.
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18
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Heilmann M, Schönhofer B. Einfluss einer Schwangerschaft auf Ventilation bei CF und Effekt der nichtinvasiven Beatmung. Pneumologie 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-864328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Vonberg R, Heilmann M, Ballmann M, Gastmeier P. Hygienemaßnahmen für Patienten mit Cystischer Fibrose. Pneumologie 2004; 58:309-15. [PMID: 15162255 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-818381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory tract infections significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis patients. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review (Pubmed 01/1966 up to 09/2003) in order to present recommendations for the isolation of CF patients colonized with Burkholderia cepacia spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Alcaligenes spp. Evidence and quality of 64 publications dealing with pathogen transmission or isolation measurements of colonized patients were evaluated. RESULTS B. cepacia spp. was dealt most often with and 35 of 36 authors recommended the isolation of patients colonized with this pathogen. Isolation of patients colonized with P. aeruginosa was proposed by 21 of 25 authors. Only 5 studies concerned S. maltophilia or Alcaligenes spp. CONCLUSIONS A) B. cepacia spp. colonized patients need to get a single room for their own. B) P. aeruginosa colonized CF patients should be separated from non-colonized CF patients. C) Patients harbouring even multi drug resistant P. aeruginosa, S. maltophilia or Alcaligenes spp. may not share their room with immunocompromised patients and should also be isolated when treated in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vonberg
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Krankenhaushygiene, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
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20
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Kiessling F, Lichy M, Grobholz R, Farhan N, Heilmann M, Michel MS, Trojan L, Werner A, Rabe J, Delorme S, Kauczor HU, Schlemmer HP. [Detection of prostate carcinomas with T1-weighted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Value of two-compartment model]. Radiologe 2003; 43:474-80. [PMID: 12827262 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-003-0911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The suitability of dynamic parameters of the two-compartment model for detecting prostate carcinomas and its correlation with tumor microvascular density were evaluated. METHODS The study included 43 patients with biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma: 28 were examined by 1.0-T MRI (Turbo-FLASH) and 15 by 1.5-T MRI (FLASH) with infusion of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. Signal time curves were parametrized with an open two-compartment model in amplitude and exchange rate constants (k(ep)). The microvascular density of resected prostate carcinomas was determined. RESULTS The microvascular density in the tumors was significantly higher than in the adjacent healthy prostate tissue and correlated in both sequences with k(ep). Prostate carcinomas of the peripheral zone were demarcated by amplitude and k(ep). In the Turbo-FLASH sequence there was a significant difference between the tumor tissue and healthy peripheral zone in terms of k(ep) and in the FLASH sequence in terms of amplitude. CONCLUSION Prostate carcinomas can be visualized with dynamic T1-weighted MR sequences using a two-compartment model. Moreover, the parameter k(ep) reveals the microvascular density in the tumor and can thus provide valuable clinical information for characterizing the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kiessling
- Abteilung für Radiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) Heidelberg.
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21
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Kiessling F, Lichy M, Grobholz R, Heilmann M, Huber PE, Meding J, Peschke P, Kauczor HU, Schlemmer HP. [Hemodynamic and metabolic characterization of orthotopic rat prostate carcinomas using dynamic MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy]. Radiologe 2003; 43:489-94. [PMID: 12827264 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-003-0903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was the noninvasive characterization of prostate carcinoma orthotopically implanted in rats using Gd-DTPA-assisted dynamic MRI (dMRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS). MATERIAL AND METHODS After surgical exposure of the prostate, Dunning R3327 orthotopic prostate carcinoma was induced by injecting cells of the MAT-LyLu subline. Six rats were examined 5 and 14 days after tumor induction with dMRI and (1)H-MRS at 1.5 T. Six tumor-free rats served as controls. Using an open two-compartment model, the parameters A (amplitude) and k(ep) (exchange rate constants) were calculated from the signal time curves of the dMRI. The relative signal intensities (Cho/Cr) of the resonances of choline (Cho) and the creatine-phosphocreatine complex (Cr) were computed from the MR spectra. RESULTS Already after 5 days, the tumors in the prostate could be clearly identified based on the decrease in signal intensity to T2w and increase of A and k(ep). High Cho/Cr levels and resonances of two lipid fractions (Lip(1) at 0.8-1.5 ppm and Lip(2) at 2.0-2.2 ppm) were observed by MRS in the highly necrotic tumors. CONCLUSIONS The orthotopic rat prostate carcinoma model resembles human prostate carcinoma in regard to MR morphology, dMRI, and (1)H-MRS. The noninvasive characterization of perfusion and metabolism makes a comparative examination of different treatment modalities possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kiessling
- Abteilung Onkologische Diagnostik und Therapie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (dkfz) Heidelberg.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed sexual maturation and low body weight is common in cystic fibrosis (CF). Concomitant data on sex hormones and concomitant body composition are lacking in men with CF. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum levels of testosterone, 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and LH were measured by RIA and total and regional lean body mass (LBM), fat body mass (FBM), bone mineral content and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in men with CF (n=40; age 24.7+/-5.4 years) and age-matched healthy controls (n=28; age 25.7+/-3.7). Only men without acute disease exacerbation or systemic glucocorticoid treatment were included. RESULTS Mean levels of hormonal serum parameters differed significantly between healthy controls (testosterone=20.2+/-5.5 nmol/l; E(2)=95.0+/-20.2 pmol/l; 25(OH)D=62.8+/-28.3 nmol/l) and patients (testosterone=15.9+/-4.1 nmol/l; E(2)=60.7+/-19.4 pmol/l; 25(OH)D=39.5+/-17.8 nmol/l; P<0.001) while no difference was found for SHBG or LH. Eleven (for E(2), 19 of 40, for 25(OH)D, 20 of 40) out of 40 patients had serum testosterone levels 2 s.d. below the mean of normal. Men with CF showed a relative shift from FBM to LBM and a different body fat distribution compared with healthy controls (P<0.01). Testosterone was not correlated with weight, total or regional LBM or FBM, but significantly with BMD (r=0.32; P<0.05) independently from body height and 25(OH)D levels. E(2) was correlated with regional and total FBM (r=0.48; P<0.05). In a multiple regression analysis of the joint effect of testosterone and body components on E(2), a testosterone-independent effect was found for FBM. CONCLUSIONS CF patients with stable disease have moderately reduced serum testosterone levels. This might already imply detrimental effects on bone. The change in LBM of patients appears to have no direct association with sex hormone levels while low FBM might cause reduced net conversion of serum testosterone to E(2) with possible effects on FBM distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leifke
- Abteilung Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie and Endokrinologie, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30165 Hanover, Germany.
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Langer-Nitsche C, Lück HJ, Heilmann M. Severe syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion with docetaxel treatment in metastatic breast cancer. Acta Oncol 2001; 39:1001. [PMID: 11206991 DOI: 10.1080/02841860050216007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Langer-Nitsche
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Hanover Medical School, Germany
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Lotz JC, Kroeber MW, Heilmann M, Pericherla K, Kimmel D, Kinney JH, Lane NE. Tibial plateau fracture as a measure of early estrogen-dependent bone fragility in rats. J Orthop Res 2000; 18:326-32. [PMID: 10815836 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100180223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to develop a protocol to induce a compressive fracture at the tibial plateau of the rat knee in vitro and to determine if the biomechanical parameters provided a sensitive assessment of the early skeletal changes induced by estrogen deficiency. Sixty-one rats underwent an ovariectomy (n = 36) or sham operation (n = 25) and were maintained for 50 days after the procedure. Just before death, the proximal tibia of each animal was scanned with high-resolution x-ray tomography. From the three-dimensional images, the mean trabecular bone volume, thickness, and separation and the number of trabeculae were calculated. The knees were then harvested and mounted into a servohydraulic materials testing system so that the distal femoral condyle could be forced into the proximal tibial plateau until fracture. The fracture load of the ovariectomized rats was 24% less than that of the rats that had the sham operation. Similarly, the structural stiffness of the ovariectomized knees was decreased by 22%. Both of these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01) and were explained by differences in trabecular bone volume (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.42, p < 0.005, respectively). The other measures of trabecular bone structure were correlated with the volume and did not improve the prediction by the biomechanical parameters. These data demonstrate that biomechanical testing of the tibial plateau in rats can quantify the structural consequences of estrogen deficiency at an early time point before they become apparent at other bone sites, such as the lumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lotz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, University of California at San Francisco, 94143-0514, USA.
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Rebscher SJ, Heilmann M, Bruszewski W, Talbot NH, Snyder RL, Merzenich MM. Strategies to improve electrode positioning and safety in cochlear implants. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1999; 46:340-52. [PMID: 10097469 DOI: 10.1109/10.748987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An injection-molded internal supporting rib has been produced to control the flexibility of silicone rubber encapsulated electrodes designed to electrically stimulate the auditory nerve in human subjects with severe to profound hearing loss. The rib molding dies, and molds for silicone rubber encapsulation of the electrode, were designed and machined using AutoCad and MasterCam software packages in a PC environment. After molding, the prototype plastic ribs were iteratively modified based on observations of the performance of the rib/silicone composite insert in a clear plastic model of the human scala tympani cavity. The rib-based electrodes were reliably inserted farther into these models, required less insertion force and were positioned closer to the target auditory neural elements than currently available cochlear implant electrodes. With further design improvements the injection-molded rib may also function to accurately support metal stimulating contacts and wire leads during assembly to significantly increase the manufacturing efficiency of these devices. This method to reliably control the mechanical properties of miniature implantable devices with multiple electrical leads may be valuable in other areas of biomedical device design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rebscher
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0526, USA.
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Brézillon S, Hamm H, Heilmann M, Schäfers HJ, Hinnrasky J, Wagner TO, Puchelle E, Tümmler B. Decreased expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein in remodeled airway epithelium from lung transplanted patients. Hum Pathol 1997; 28:944-52. [PMID: 9269831 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(97)90010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The absence or mislocalization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is regarded as being specific for cystic fibrosis (CF). In principle, the supply of a non-CF lung transplant to a CF patient should bring up normal CFTR expression in the lower airways. Immunolocalization of CFTR and of epithelial differentiation markers (ie, cytokeratins 13, 14, and 18, and desmoplakins 1 and 2) was carried out on 21 mucosal biopsies from the upper lobe of grafts in non-CF (n = 12) and CF patients (n = 9) retrieved between days 23 and 1,608 after lung transplantation. Biopsy specimens from seven non-CF and four CF patients presented either a pseudostratified respiratory epithelium or slight basal cell hyperplasia. CFTR was distributed at the apical membrane of the ciliated cells. In remodeled epithelia with basal cell hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia, CFTR was either weakly expressed in the cytoplasm of the superficial epithelial cells or was undetectable. The extent of epithelium remodeling was significantly correlated with an impairment of lung function. The results suggest that posttransplant airway epithelium dedifferentiation of the graft leads to the loss of properly targeted CFTR irrespective of the underlying disease of the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brézillon
- Klinische Forschergruppe, and the Department of Pneumology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
A dimensionally accurate clear model of the human scala tympani has been produced to evaluate the insertion and position of clinically applied intracochlear electrodes for electrical stimulation. Replicates of the human scala tympani were made from low melting point metal alloy (LMA) and from polymethylmeth-acrylate (PMMA) resin. The LMA metal casts were embedded in blocks of epoxy and in clear silicone rubber. After removal of the metal alloy, a cavity was produced that accurately models the human scala tympani. Investment casting molds were made from the PMMA scala tympani casts to enable production of multiple LMA casts from which identical models were fabricated. Total dimensional distortion of the LMA casting process was less than 1% in length and 2% in diameter. The models have been successfully integrated into the design process for the iterative development of advanced intracochlear electrode arrays at UCSF. These fabrication techniques are applicable to a wide range of biomedical design problems that require modelling of visually obscured cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rebscher
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0526, USA
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Abstract
An outbreak of clinical disease with abortions, suspected to be equine viral arteritis in Germany was examined serologically and virologically. Three of five animals tested seroconverted to EAV, and EAV was isolated from an aborted fetus. In view of the significant increase in seropositive horses, the need for control measures is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Eichhorn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Infectious and Epidemic Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Berghaus H, Senge T, Heilmann M. [Diagnostic value of excretion urography, retrogade pyelography, kidney angiography and scintigraphy in space-occupying kidney processes]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1967; 92:742-5. [PMID: 6021784 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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