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Okamoto T, Takahashi Y, Takeuchi H, Tanigawa S, Ichihashi M, Tatsuzawa K, Shishido-Hara Y, Hashimoto N. Glioblastoma of the medulla oblongata in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 mimicking malignant transformation of an unidentified bright object. Neurochirurgie 2023; 69:101396. [PMID: 36502875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2022.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Okamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Tanigawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Ichihashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Tatsuzawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Y Shishido-Hara
- Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - N Hashimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Graduate School of Medical Science, 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, 602-8566 Kyoto, Japan
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Sato N, Yoshimoto S, Kohara N, Eguchi K, Tsuruta Y, Yagi M, Shibata T, Ichihashi M, Ando H. 798 Autophagosome-like vacuoles in vitiligo melanocytes are associated with cell viability and intracellular glutathione levels. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yoshimoto S, Sato N, Kohara N, Eguchi K, Tsuruta Y, Ando H, Ichihashi M. 885 The secretion of TNF-α by inflammatory macrophages has dual effects on subcutaneous adipose precursor cells: inhibition of differentiation and activation of proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kohara N, Yoshimoto S, Sato N, Eguchi K, Tsuruta Y, Yagi M, Ichihashi M, Ando H. 747 The coexistence of riboflavin and tryptophan is responsible for the production of H2O2 in the UVA-induced cytotoxicity of dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yoshimoto S, Yanagi H, Yoshida M, Yagi M, Ando H, Ichihashi M. 1132 Establishment of photo-aged in vitro senescence model using cultured fibroblasts by repeated UVA irradiation: PAPLAL with potent catalase-like activity prevented cellular senescence. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yanagi H, Yoshida M, Yoshimoto S, Shibata T, Ichihashi M, Ando H. 1221 Intracellular vacuoles observed in cultured melanocytes obtained from normally pigmented skin of a vitiligo patient were vanished by the treatment of anti-oxidants. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Takahashi Y, Fukushima Y, Kondo K, Ichihashi M. Facial skin photo-aging and development of hyperpigmented spots from children to middle-aged Japanese woman. Skin Res Technol 2017; 23:613-618. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Y. Fukushima
- Wellness Communication; Nestlé Japan Ltd.; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kondo
- Endowed Research Department “Food for Health”; Ochanomizu University; Tokyo Japan
- Institute of Life Innovation Studies; Toyo University; Gunma Japan
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Tsuji G, Ichihashi M, Furue M. 672 Palladium and platinum nanoparticles activate AHR and NRF2 in keratinocytes— Implications in vitiligo therapy. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Fujiwara Y, Matsumoto A, Ichihashi M, Satoh Y. Heritable disorders of DNA repair: xeroderma pigmentosum and Fanconi's anemia. Curr Probl Dermatol 2015; 17:182-98. [PMID: 3595188 DOI: 10.1159/000413483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Regardless of subsequent clinical courses of patients with dysplastic nevi (DN), substantial evidence supporting DN as one of the melanoma-prone diseases is not yet available, especially in sporadic DN, due to the lack of genetic information other than retrospective studies in clinical observation. This study aimed at the immunohistological characterization of sporadic DN distinct from common nevi (CN) and at the evaluation of the potentially of sporadic DN for malignant transformation. We considered our results together with previous immunological and epidemiological reports. We noted the following three immunohistological characteristics. 1) Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), one of the markers for active cell division, could be detected on DN cells in junctional nests of only one among ten DN examined but not on CN cells at all. 2) The altered expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-Sma), often observed in melanoma cells, could not be detected in DN cells. However, anti-alpha-Sma monoclonal antibody (MoAb) clearly demonstrated distinctive hypervascularity in the stroma surrounding DN when compared with CN. 3) ME491 antigen, which is known to be expressed mainly in the radial growth phase of melanoma, was detected with similar intensity on both DN and CN. These data indicate that DN has a somewhat higher potentiality than CN for cell division and secretion of some cytokines which can induce hypervascularity in the surrounding stroma, but that DN has not yet undergone the significant phenotypic changes observed in melanoma cells. Further advancements in understanding molecular events in DN cells will be of great benefit in setting DN in the multiple oncogenic spectrum from pigment cells to melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsukamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ichihashi M, Shiono M, Yamamura K, Komura A, Mishima Y, Yoshino K, Hori Y. In vitro radiobiological analysis of 10B-L-BPA for BNCT of malignant melanoma: correlation of determined 10B-content and cell killing effect. Pigment Cell Res 2008; Suppl 2:193-8. [PMID: 1409422 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1990.tb00374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Ichihashi
- Dept. Derm., Special Inst. Cancer Neutron Caputure Therapy, Kobe Univ. Sch. Med., Japan
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Ochiai Y, Kaburagi S, Okano Y, Masaki H, Ichihashi M, Funasaka Y, Sakurai H. A Zn(II)–glycine complex suppresses UVB-induced melanin production by stimulating metallothionein expression. Int J Cosmet Sci 2008; 30:105-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Photodamaged skin exhibits wrinkles, pigmented spots, dryness and tumors. Solar UV radiation induces cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and further produces base oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are thought to be a major factor to initiate the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in keratinocytes and fibroblasts via activation of receptor proteins on the cell membrane of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, and to degrade fiber components in dermis, leading to wrinkle formation. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was reported to reduce ROS production and DNA damage triggered by UVA irradiation in human keratinocytes in vitro. Further, CoQ10 was shown to reduce UVA-induced MMPs in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. We speculated that UVB radiation-induced cytokine production in keratinocytes may be inhibited by CoQ10, resulting in the reduction of MMPs in fibroblasts leading to wrinkle reduction. Our in vitro studies showed that UVB-induced IL-6 production of normal human keratinocyte (NHKC) decreased in the presence of CoQ10. Furthermore, MMP-1 production of fibroblasts cultured with the medium containing CoQ10 collected from UVB-irradiated NHKC significantly decreased during 24 h culture. In the clinical trial study, we found that the use of 1% CoQ10 cream for five months reduced wrinkle score grade observed by a dermatologist. Taken together, our results indicate that CoQ10 may inhibit the production of IL-6 which stimulate fibroblasts in dermis by paracrine manner to up-regulate MMPs production, and contribute to protecting dermal fiber components from degradation, leading to rejuvenation of wrinkled skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Inui
- Tokiwa Pharmaceutical Campany Product Development, Japan
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Kambayashi H, Odake Y, Takada K, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M, Kato S. N-retinoyl-D-glucosamine, a new retinoic acid agonist, mediates topical retinoid efficacy with no irritation on photoaged skin. Br J Dermatol 2006; 153 Suppl 2:30-6. [PMID: 16280019 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight induces wrinkle formation. Retinoic acid (RA) can markedly improve wrinkles, although RA does have some side-effects, such as skin irritation. As the efficacy and cytotoxicity of RA has been traced to its free carboxylic acid, we synthesized a new molecule, N-retinoyl-D-glucosamine (GRA), in which a glucosamine has been attached to the polar end group of all-trans retinoic acid. OBJECTIVES To analyse the effect of topical GRA in wrinkle repair and anti-irritation in photoaged mice compared with topical RA, as well as to determine retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) transactivation activity in vitro. METHODS Hairless mice were irradiated with 60 mJ cm-2 of UVB for 10 weeks, and then topically treated with 0.05% GRA or 0.05% RA for 8 weeks. An in vitro transcriptional assay was performed and the activity of GRA in 293 cells transfected with RAR-alpha or RXR-alpha expression plasmid and luciferase reporter plasmid then determined. RESULTS Topical GRA and RA brought about almost complete disappearance of the wrinkles caused by UVB irradiation. The two ligands promoted both a wide repair zone histologically, and the expression of type 1 collagen in the skin. In contrast, topical GRA treatment did not produce irritation such as erythema or roughness, or alteration of transepidermal water loss values, compared with RA. In the in vitro luciferase assay, GRA resulted in significant dose-dependent RAR transactivation activity in a 100 times higher concentration range than RA. GRA did not mediate RXR transactivation activity at all. CONCLUSIONS Topical GRA appears to be able to repair photoaged skin damage without any of the irritation caused by topical RA, probably via RAR transactivation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kambayashi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Ueda M, Ashida M, Kunisada M, Ichihashi M, Sata T, Matsukura T. Bowen's carcinoma of the scrotal skin associated with human papillomavirus type 82. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19:232-5. [PMID: 15752300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously cloned human papillomavirus type 82 (HPV-82) from a vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, but it is not known whether HPV-82 can induce a cutaneous lesion. A large erosive nodule developed on the scrotum of a 50-year-old Japanese patient. Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of two distinct parts; one part showing changes characteristic of Bowen's disease in the epidermis, and the other showing elongated rete ridges and proliferation of atypical basaloid cells in the dermis. These parts were partially connected, giving the diagnosis of Bowen's carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, HPV capsid antigen was detected only in the nuclei of a few cells on the upper part of the epidermis. HPV-82 was identified in the lesion by blot hybridization and viral DNA was demonstrated in the lesion by in situ hybridization. HPV-82 has tropism for both the skin and the genital regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ueda
- Division of Dermatology, Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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Horikoshi T, Matsumoto M, Usuki A, Igarashi S, Hikima R, Uchiwa H, Hayashi S, Brysk MM, Ichihashi M, Funasaka Y. Effects of glycolic acid on desquamation-regulating proteinases in human stratum corneum. Exp Dermatol 2005; 14:34-40. [PMID: 15660917 DOI: 10.1111/j.0906-6705.2005.00224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the mechanism of glycolic acid (GA) function in human stratum corneum, we monitored changes in cathepsin D-like (CD) and chymotrypsin-like (SCCE) proteinases for 3 weeks following topical GA application (50% w/v, pH 0.9) for 30 min to human skin. In the early phase, weakened stratum corneum cohesion in the lower layers was observed on day 2 and the amount of active CD in the upper layer of the stratum corneum was significantly decreased from 30 min until day 2, whereas that in the lower layer remained normal. In contrast, the amount of active SCCE showed no change during the experimental period. The surface pH of the stratum corneum drastically decreased to pH 2 at 30 min and slightly recovered to around pH 3 until 1 day after treatment. From 9 to 19 days, a decrease in corneocyte cell area and a remarkable long-term increase in the amount of active CD in the upper layer were observed. In an in vitro study, the activities of desquamation-regulating proteinases were shown to have remarkably increased at around pH 3, due to activation of CD at its optimal pH. These results suggest that GA functions via at least two different mechanisms, acute activation of CD in the lower layer by acidification around pH 3, along with inactivation of CD in the upper layer, and long-term enhancement of de novo CD production in the few weeks following GA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Horikoshi
- Cosmetics Laboratory, Kanebo Ltd, 5-3-28, Kotobuki-cho, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0002, Japan.
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17
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Tanji T, Hasebe S, Nakagami Y, Yamamoto K, Ichihashi M. Observation of magnetic multilayers by electron holography. Microsc Microanal 2004; 10:146-152. [PMID: 15306079 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927604040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic structures of Co/Cu multilayers in cross section are observed by two kinds of electron holography: a Fourier method and a phase-shifting method, which is introduced briefly. The Fourier method can easily reconstruct wave functions and is applied to many specimens, whereas the phase-shifting method requires longer time for processing, but has a higher spatial resolution that permits us to discuss fine structures. Magnetization vectors in Co layers aligning parallel and separating into two blocks with antiparallel alignment are observed. Magnetic blurring on the boundary between Co and Cu in the reconstructed phase images is larger than the estimated atomic roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanji
- Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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Fukuda H, Hiratsuka J, Kobayashi T, Sakurai Y, Yoshino K, Karashima H, Turu K, Araki K, Mishima Y, Ichihashi M. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for malignant melanoma with special reference to absorbed doses to the normal skin and tumor. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2004; 26:97-103. [PMID: 14626847 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-two patients with malignant melanoma were treated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using 10B-p-boronophenylalanine (BPA). The estimation of absorbed dose and optimization of treatment dose based on the pharmacokinetics of BPA in melanoma patients is described. The doses of gamma-rays were measured using small TLDs of Mg2SiO4 (Tb) and thermal neutron fluence was measured using gold foil and wire. The total absorbed dose to the tissue from BNCT was obtained by summing the primary and capture gamma-ray doses and the high LET radiation doses from 10B(n, alpha)7Li and 14N(n,p)14C reactions. The key point of the dose optimization is that the skin surrounding the tumour is always irradiated to 18 Gy-Eq, which is the maximum tolerable dose to the skin, regardless of the 10B-concentration in the tumor. The neutron fluence was optimized as follows. (1) The 10B concentration in the blood was measured 15-40 min after the start of neutron irradiation. (2) The 10B-concentration in the skin was estimated by multiplying the blood 10B value by a factor of 1.3. (3) The neutron fluence was calculated. Absorbed doses to the skin ranged from 15.7 to 37.1 Gy-Eq. Among the patients, 16 out of 22 patients exhibited tolerable skin damage. Although six patients showed skin damage that exceeded the tolerance level, three of them could be cured within a few months after BNCT and the remaining three developed severe skin damage requiring skin grafts. The absorbed doses to the tumor ranged from 15.7 to 68.5 Gy-Eq and the percentage of complete response was 73% (16/22). When BNCT is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma, based on the pharmacokinetics of BPA and radiobiological considerations, promising clinical results have been obtained, although many problems and issues remain to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fukuda
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Ashida M, Bito T, Budiyanto A, Ichihashi M, Ueda M. Involvement of EGF receptor activation in the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in HaCaT keratinocytes after UVB. Exp Dermatol 2003; 12:445-52. [PMID: 12930301 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2003.00101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Because selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) suppressed the induction of skin tumors in mice by UV and as UV has been shown to induce expression of COX-2 in skin and cells, COX-2 may be crucial for photocarcinogenesis of the skin. We studied the mechanism of UVB-induced expression of COX-2 focusing on the signal transduction pathway involved. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment of HaCaT cells induced expression of COX-2 and pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) partly inhibited the UVB-induced expression of COX-2 protein in HaCaT cells, suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to COX-2 induction. To examine the signaling pathways involved in the UVB-induced expression of COX-2 in HaCaT cells, we analysed the expression of COX-2 protein after treatment with various inhibitors of signaling molecules. Inhibition of EGFR by a specific inhibitor and by a neutralizing antibody suppressed the induction of COX-2 expression by UV. Although a neutralizing antibody to transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) suppressed COX-2 expression induced by TGF-alpha, it did not suppress COX-2 expression by UV, indicating that a direct activation of EGFR is involved. Treatment of cells at low temperature (4 degrees C) inhibited UVB-induced JNK activation, but it did not inhibit COX-2 expression by UV. Inhibitors of MEK, p38 MAP kinase and PI3-kinase, suppressed the induction of COX-2 expression by UV. In contrast, an erbB-2 inhibitor augmented the UVB-induced increase of COX-2 protein. These data indicate that oxidative stress in association with activation of EGFR, ERK, p38 MAP kinase, and PI3-kinase plays crucial roles in the UVB induction of expression of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashida
- Division of Dermatology, Clinical Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Abstract
Solar radiation induces acute and chronic reactions in human and animal skin. Chronic repeated exposures are the primary cause of benign and malignant skin tumors, including malignant melanoma. Among types of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) radiation is highly mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal experiments compared to ultraviolet A (320-400 nm) radiation. Epidemiological studies suggest that solar UV radiation is responsible for skin tumor development via gene mutations and immunosuppression, and possibly for photoaging. In this review, recent understanding of DNA damage caused by direct UV radiation and by indirect stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA repair mechanisms, particularly nucleotide excision repair of human cells, are discussed. In addition, mutations induced by solar UV radiation in p53, ras and patched genes of non-melanoma skin cancer cells, and the role of ROS as both a promoter in UV-carcinogenesis and an inducer of UV-apoptosis, are described based primarily on the findings reported during the last decade. Furthermore, the effect of UV on immunological reaction in the skin is discussed. Finally, possible prevention of UV-induced skin cancer by feeding or topical use of antioxidants, such as polyphenols, vitamin C, and vitamin E, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ichihashi
- Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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22
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Kageshita T, Ishihara T, Tokuo H, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M, Dong J, Nakajima M, Ono T. Widespread expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in melanocytic cells. Br J Dermatol 2003; 148:533-8. [PMID: 12653746 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP) was associated with the syndrome of hypercalcaemia of malignancy. An increased serum level of PTH-rP could occur in patients with advanced melanoma. OBJECTIVES We examined PTH-rP expression in cultured melanocytic cell lines and in lesions of melanocytic origin for associations with clinicopathological variables of disease progression. We measured the supernatant and cell lysate level of PTH-rP in cultured melanoma cells to clarify whether melanoma cells secrete PTH-rP. METHODS PTH-rP expression was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in cultured melanocytic cell lines and by immunoperoxidase staining in 18 melanocytic naevi, 40 primary melanoma and 19 metastatic melanoma lesions. The supernatant level of PTH-rP was measured with an immunoradiometric assay. RESULTS RT-PCR products of PTH-rP mRNA were detected in six of eight melanoma cell lines; however, neither naevus cells nor melanocytes showed positive products. On the other hand, immunohistochemical analysis showed that PTH-rP was widely expressed both in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. In addition, PTH-rP expression was not associated with any clinicopathological variables. Cell lysate but not the supernatant of melanoma cells showed high PTH-rP levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PTH-rP was widely expressed in melanocytic cells; however, the cells did not secrete PTH-rP.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kageshita
- Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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Fukunaga A, Shimoura S, Fukunaga M, Ueda M, Nagai H, Bito T, Tsuru K, Ichihashi M, Horikawa T. Localized heat urticaria in a patient is associated with a wealing response to heated autologous serum. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147:994-7. [PMID: 12410713 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of localized heat urticaria in a 71-year-old woman who developed weals and loss of consciousness after taking a bath. Exposing her skin to heat at 40 degrees C or immersing her hands in water at 40 degrees C produced urticarial lesions and increased her plasma histamine level. Desensitization with hot water improved her symptoms and normalized her plasma histamine level after heat challenge. An intracutaneous injection of her serum produced no reaction, while an injection of her serum that had been heated at 40 degrees C for 15 min induced a weal flare response. Further examination revealed that the weal-inducing activity of her heated serum remained for at least for 6 h and that treatment of her serum at 60 degrees C for 2 h did not abrogate its weal-inducing activity. These findings indicate that certain materials in her serum that are activated by heat are responsible for the development of her anaphylactic and urticarial reactions and that these reactions may be mediated by histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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Kurata H, Okukubo M, Fukuda E, Ichihashi M, Ueda M. Myeloid markers should be undertaken in cases of CD56 positivity to exclude granulocytic sarcoma. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147:609-11. [PMID: 12207615 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.48654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ashida M, Ueda M, Kunisada M, Ichihashi M, Terai M, Sata T, Matsukura T. Protean manifestations of human papillomavirus type 60 infection on the extremities. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146:885-90. [PMID: 12000390 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus type 60 (HPV-60) induces a ridged wart or an epidermal cyst on the sole of the foot, exhibiting identical pathological changes, with a single refractile eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion body in infected cells. However, there is no information on the role of HPV-60 in the development of cutaneous lesions on other anatomical sites. OBJECTIVES To perform the clinicopathological analysis of various cutaneous lesions of a patient in relation to HPV genotype. PATIENT A 50-year-old male patient developed multiple papules, plaques and nodules on his hand, arm and legs. RESULTS Clinicopathologically, the lesions were classified into three categories. A common wart on the finger showed papillomatosis and acanthosis characterized by numerous keratohyalin granules. Plane warts on the arm showed perinuclear vacuolization of the cells in the upper Malpighian layer. On the other hand, a pigmented papillomatous nodule on the finger, and the other lesions on the hands and legs exhibited similar histological features with a unique cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion body. All the three categorized lesions were equally positive for HPV capsid antigen by immunohistochemistry. By blot hybridization analysis for HPV sequences, it was revealed that a common wart on the finger and plane warts on the arm harboured HPV-27 and HPV-3, respectively, while all the other lesions harboured HPV-60. The histological localization of each viral DNA was confirmed in the corresponding lesions by in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS HPV-60 is able to induce papular and nodular lesions on the extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashida
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Ichihashi M, Hirokawa J, Tsukuda T, Kondow T, Dessent CEH, Bailey CG, Scarton MG, Johnson MA. Characterization of the 2-Chloroacrylonitrile Negative Ion Using Photoelectron and Photofragmentation Spectroscopies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j100006a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chakraborty AK, Pawelek J, Ikeda Y, Miyoshi E, Kolesnikova N, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M, Taniguchi N. Fusion hybrids with macrophage and melanoma cells up-regulate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V, beta1-6 branching, and metastasis. Cell Growth Differ 2001; 12:623-30. [PMID: 11751457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
It was shown previously that a majority of hybrids produced by in vitro fusion of normal macrophages with Cloudman S91 melanoma cells displayed enhanced metastatic potential in vivo, increased motility in vitro, increased ability to produce melanin, and responsiveness to melanocyte stimulating hormone compared with the parental Cloudman S91 melanoma cells. These hybrids also showed altered N-glycosylation consistent with a slower migration pattern of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) on electrophoretic gels. Because LAMP-1 is the major carrier of polylactosamine sugar structures, and synthesis of this complex sugar moiety indicates the extent of beta1,6 branch formation by beta1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), we analyzed the expression of GnT-V and beta1,6 branching in highly metastatic macrophage-fusion hybrids and compared with poorly metastatic ones. GnT-V was up-regulated in regard to both mRNA levels and enzymatic activity specifically in metastatic hybrids as well as parental macrophages compared with weakly metastatic hybrids and parental melanoma cells. Macrophages and metastatic hybrids also showed increased binding of the lectin L-phytohemagglutinin, which specifically binds to the beta1,6-branched sugar moiety. In addition, in metastatic hybrids there was increased cell surface expression of LAMP-1 and beta1 integrin, two prominent substrates for GnT-V also known to be associated with metastasis. Finally, exposure of metastatic hybrids in vitro to L-phytohemagglutinin or LAMP-1 completely eliminated melanocyte stimulating hormone/ isobutylmethyl xanthine-induced motility, suggesting a role for GnT-V in the motility of these cells. In summary, macrophage fusion with melanoma cells often increased metastatic potential, which was associated with enhanced expression of GnT-V and beta1,6-branching in glycoproteins. It is suggested that the known correlation with elevated GnT-V in both human and animal metastasis could, at least in some cases, reflect previous fusion of tumor cells with tumor-infiltrating macrophages, which, similar to malignant cells, show elevated expression of GnT-V and beta1,6-branched polylactosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Chakraborty
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
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Fukunaga M, Oka M, Ichihashi M, Yamamoto T, Matsuzaki H, Kikkawa U. UV-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta and promotion of apoptosis in the HaCaT cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:573-9. [PMID: 11716513 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation and is involved in apoptosis induction in the H(2)O(2)-treated fibroblasts. In the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line, ultraviolet radiation, which induces apoptosis, promoted tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of PKC delta, but neither enhanced threonine phosphorylation in the activation loop nor generated the catalytic fragment of the PKC isoform. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta was prevented by a radical scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, and by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, in the ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocyte cell line. Ultraviolet radiation-induced apoptosis was attenuated by N-acetyl-l-cysteine and genistein as well as by a PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide I. These results indicate that reactive oxygen species generated by ultraviolet radiation enhance tyrosine phosphorylation of PKC delta, and the PKC isoform thus activated by the modification reaction contributes to induction of apoptotic cell death in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fukunaga
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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29
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Funasaka Y, Chakraborty AK, Yodoi J, Ichihashi M. The effect of thioredoxin on the expression of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides, the melanocortin 1 receptor and cell survival of normal human keratinocytes. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 2001; 6:32-7. [PMID: 11764282 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An important constituent of the cellular antioxidant buffering system that controls the redox state of proteins is thioredoxin (TRX), a 13 kDa protein that catalyzes thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, regulates activation of transcription factors, and possesses several other biologic functions similar to cytokines. We have previously reported that TRX released from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes stimulates melanogenesis by upregulating MSH receptor expression and its binding activity in melanocytes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TRX on keratinocytes as an autocrine factor. TRX suppressed the UVB-induced production and secretion of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and also suppressed proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression by normal human keratinocytes; however, TRX upregulated melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1-R) expression synergistically with UVB in normal human keratinocytes. These results suggest that exogenous TRX regulates expression of those genes in different manners. Furthermore, addition of an antibody against TRX induced cell death in keratinocytes, probably due to enhanced signaling of MSH, as it has been shown that MSH suppresses heat shock protein (hsp) 70 expression in differentiated keratinocytes, which express high levels of MC1-R and decreases their survival rate during oxidative stress. Taken together, the results suggest that keratinocyte-derived TRX regulates the expression of stress inducible neuropeptides and their receptor, and is critically involved in the survival of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Ichihashi M, Takikawa H, Mori K. Synthesis of (R)-(+)-hippospongic acid A, a triterpene isolated from the marine sponge, Hippospongia sp. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:2569-72. [PMID: 11791737 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.65.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hippospongic acid A (1) is a triterpene metabolite of the marine sponge, Hippospongia sp., with inhibitory activity against the gastrulation of starfish embryos. (R)-(+)-1 was synthesized by employing enzymatic kinetic resolution as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ichihashi
- Department of Chemistry, Science University of Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) induces cell scattering through the tyrosine kinase-type HGF/SF receptor, c-Met. We have previously shown that SHP-2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, positively regulates the HGF/SF-induced cell scattering through modulating the activity of Rho to form stress fibres and focal adhesions. To further investigate the role of SHP-2 in HGF/SF-induced cell scattering, we have now examined the effect of a dominant active mutant of SHP-2 (SHP-2-DA). RESULTS Expression of SHP-2-DA markedly increased the formation of lamellipodia with ruffles, while it decreased the accumulation of E-cadherin and beta-catenin at cell-cell adhesion sites in MDCK cells. In addition, expression of SHP-2-DA markedly enhanced cell scattering of MDCK cells in response to HGF/SF. Expression of SHP-2-DA induced the activation of MAP kinase without HGF/SF stimulation, whereas an inhibitor of MEK partly reversed the SHP-2-DA-induced morphological phenotypes. Furthermore, expression of either a dominant-active mutant of Rho or Vav2 also reversed the SHP-2-DA-induced morphological phenotypes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that SHP-2 plays a crucial role in the HGF/SF-induced cell scattering through the regulation of two distinct small G proteins, Ras and Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kodama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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33
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Funasaka Y, Sato H, Usuki A, Ohashi A, Kotoya H, Miyamoto K, Hillebrand GG, Ichihashi M. The efficacy of glycolic acid for treating wrinkles: analysis using newly developed facial imaging systems equipped with fluorescent illumination. J Dermatol Sci 2001; 27 Suppl 1:S53-9. [PMID: 11514125 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(01)00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical characteristics of photodamaged skin, such as coarse and fine wrinkling, can not be quantitatively evaluated from ordinary photographic records. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of glycolic acid (GA) peeling on facial wrinkling, using computer assisted image analysis. This was accomplished with reproducible imaging techniques, which allowed precise repositioning of the subject's face in front of the camera. Two parameters, the change in wrinkle number and the change in wrinkle length were assessed. Although the clinical improvement of wrinkles correlated with both parameters, wrinkle length more precisely reflected the degree of clinical wrinkles, because the wrinkle number appeared to increase as some shallow wrinkles divided into multiple smaller wrinkles during their improvement. Comparison of responses by different age groups showed that the reduction of total wrinkle length was observed in the order of: 50s>30s and 40s>60s>over 70>under 30. The lack of response by subjects over 70 might be due to the nature of their wrinkles being mainly coarse wrinkles rather than fine ones. We next compared the effect of GA by concentration (35, 50 or 70%), but found no significant differences. As the concentration of GA used for treatment was determined by each subject's erythema reaction, our present result suggests that erythema elicited by GA correlates with improvement of wrinkles and that these two phenomena can be induced by a common pathway of GA treatment. This quantitative analysis clearly shows the efficacy and limitation of GA treatment of wrinkles, and might help to disclose the precise mechanisms of GA effects on the skin structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan.
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Kambayashi H, Yamashita M, Odake Y, Takada K, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M. Epidermal changes caused by chronic low-dose UV irradiation induce wrinkle formation in hairless mouse. J Dermatol Sci 2001; 27 Suppl 1:S19-25. [PMID: 11514121 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(01)00113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of chronic low-dose UV irradiation on the skin, hairless mice were irradiated with a 1/3 minimal erythemal dose (MED) of UV. We examined the relationship between visible changes and skin damage in the dermis and epidermis. Hairless mice were irradiated with UVB (20 mJ/cm2) and UVA (14 J/cm2) three times a week for 10 weeks, followed by a 24-week non-irradiation period. Visible fine wrinkling was present after 4 weeks of irradiation, and the wrinkling progressively worsened throughout the period of irradiation. The wrinkles remained after irradiation was discontinued. In dermal components, no significant histological changes in the collagen fibers and elastic fibers were found, and the amount of hydroxyproline was also not changed. Thus, in the epidermis, there was a significant increase in the number of stratum corneum layers and the terminal-differentiation marker, filaggrin, positive cells. The intensity of staining for the differentiation marker, keratin 1, was reduced. These changes were accompanied by wrinkle formation, and remained after discontinuance of irradiation. These findings suggested that chronic low-dose UV irradiation induces structural and quantitative changes in the epidermis as a result of keratinization impairment, and that this damage in the epidermis is an important causative factor in wrinkle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kambayashi
- Life Science Research Center, Lion Corporation, 100 Tajima, Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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35
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Hosooka T, Noguchi T, Nagai H, Horikawa T, Matozaki T, Ichihashi M, Kasuga M. Inhibition of the motility and growth of B16F10 mouse melanoma cells by dominant negative mutants of Dok-1. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:5437-46. [PMID: 11463826 PMCID: PMC87266 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.16.5437-5446.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dok-1 (p62(Dok)) is a multiple-site docking protein that acts downstream of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Although it has been proposed to contribute to the control of cell growth and migration through association with the Ras GTPase-activating protein and the adapter protein Nck, the role of Dok-1 remains largely unknown. The functions of Dok-1 have now been investigated by the generation of two different COOH-terminal truncation mutants of this protein: one (DokPH+PTB) containing the pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains, and the other (DokPH) composed only of the pleckstrin homology domain. Both of these mutant proteins were shown to act in a dominant negative manner. Overexpression of each of the mutants in highly metastatic B16F10 mouse melanoma cells thus both inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous Dok-1 induced by cell adhesion as well as reduced the association of the endogenous protein with cellular membranes and the cytoskeleton. Overexpression of DokPH+PTB in these cells also markedly reduced both the rates of cell spreading, migration, and growth as well as the extent of Ras activation. The effects of DokPH on these processes were less pronounced than were those of DokPH+PTB, indicating the importance of the phosphotyrosine-binding domain. These results suggest that at least in B16F10 cells, Dok-1 positively regulates not only cell spreading and migration but also cell growth and Ras activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hosooka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Japan
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Harada S, Horikawa T, Ashida M, Kamo T, Nishioka E, Ichihashi M. Aspirin enhances the induction of type I allergic symptoms when combined with food and exercise in patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145:336-9. [PMID: 11531805 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of aspirin as a substitute for exercise in inducing urticaria/anaphylaxis in three patients with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA). Two of the patients had specific IgE antibodies to wheat and the other had antibodies to shrimp. Administration of aspirin before ingestion of food allergens induced urticaria in one patient and urticaria and hypotension in another, while aspirin alone or food alone elicited no response. The third patient developed urticaria only when he took all three items, i.e. aspirin, food and additional exercise, whereas provocation with any one or or two of these did not induce any symptoms. These findings suggest that aspirin upregulates type I allergic responses to food in patients with FDEIA, and further shows that aspirin synergizes with exercise to provoke symptoms of FDEIA. This is the first report of a synergistic effect of aspirin in inducing urticaria/anaphylaxis, which was confirmed using challenge tests in patients with FDEIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harada
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Hillebrand GG, Miyamoto K, Schnell B, Ichihashi M, Shinkura R, Akiba S. Quantitative evaluation of skin condition in an epidemiological survey of females living in northern versus southern Japan. J Dermatol Sci 2001; 27 Suppl 1:S42-52. [PMID: 11514124 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(01)00118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Image analysis and biophysical methods were used to compare the skin condition of a group of females ranging in age from 5 to 65 years who had lived all of their lives in either Kagoshima (n=300), located in southern Japan, or Akita (n=302), located in northern Japan. Kagoshima annually receives approximately 1.5 times more solar UVB radiation than Akita. The methods used and corresponding skin parameters reported in this survey were: high resolution digital imaging followed by computer analysis of facial images for facial skin wrinkling and hyperpigmentation; silicone skin replicas followed by Moiré interferometry for facial skin surface roughness (texture); the Minolta Chromameter for skin color (L*a*b*) on sun-exposed (forehead) and sun-protected (upper inner arm) skin sites; the Corneometer for skin capacitance (hydration) on the cheek and ventral forearm; the Sebumeter for sebum excretion rate on the forehead; and the Minolta Spot Thermometer for skin temperature on the upper cheek. Compared with Japanese women living in Akita, Japanese women living in Kagoshima had significantly longer facial wrinkles, higher number of wrinkles, larger hyperpigmented spots, higher number of spots, rougher facial skin texture, more yellow foreheads and upper inner arms, darker foreheads, and less stratum corneum hydration in the cheeks and arms. When compared on an age-for-age basis, the average 40-year-old Kagoshima women has the same level of facial wrinkling as a 48-year-old Akita women, a delay of 8 years for living in the northern latitude. For facial hyperpigmentation, the delay is 16 years; the average 40-year-old Kagoshima women has the same level of facial hyperpigmentation as a 56-year-old Akita women. The results further testify to the skin damaging effects of sun exposure and may be useful in public health education to promote everyday sun protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Hillebrand
- Procter and Gamble, One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, OH 45202-3315, USA.
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Tsuru K, Horikawa T, Budiyanto A, Hikita I, Ueda M, Ichihashi M. Low-dose ultraviolet B radiation synergizes with TNF-alpha to induce apoptosis of keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2001; 26:209-16. [PMID: 11390206 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(01)00090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-dose ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is known to induce apoptosis of keratinocytes, but low-dose UVB dose not. In this paper we present evidence that low-dose UVB can induce TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis of keratinocytes. In our study, 5 mJ/cm(2) doses of UVB were not sufficient by themselves to induce apoptosis of cultured human keratinocytes, but 20 mJ/cm(2) doses of UVB were. The combination of 5 mJ/cm(2) doses of UVB and exogenous TNF-alpha (15 ng/ml) induced significant apoptosis of keratinocytes, although exogenous TNF-alpha without UVB did not. This phenomenon was accompanied by enhanced clustering of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). TNF-alpha's promotion of the induction of apoptosis by low-dose UVB was seen until 30 min after irradiation but not at 1 h. We confirmed this finding using a skin organ culture system. UVB (20 mJ/cm(2)), which did not induce transformation of epidermal keratinocytes into sunburn cells, induced apoptosis when TNF-alpha was added to the culture medium. These results suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of inducing keratinocyte apoptosis by low-dose UVB and TNF-alpha is that low-dose UVB augments ligand-binding-induced TNFR1 clustering, resulting in increased apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tsuru
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Hara S, Nagai H, Miyake H, Yamanaka K, Arakawa S, Ichihashi M, Kamidono S, Hara I. SECRETED TYPE OF MODIFIED INTERLEUKIN-18 GENE TRANSDUCED INTO MOUSE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA CELLS INDUCES SYSTEMIC TUMOR IMMUNITY. J Urol 2001; 165:2039-43. [PMID: 11371924 DOI: 10.1097/00005392-200106000-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-18 is a novel cytokine that has been identified as a strong interferon-gamma inducer. IL-18 has bioactivity similar to that of IL-12 and demonstrates antitumor effects. Since IL-18 does not have a signal sequence, we constructed the gene, consisting of the signal sequences of interferon-beta and mature IL-18 complementary (c) DNA. The modified gene was subsequently transduced into a mouse renal cell carcinoma cell line to induce IL-18 secretion from tumor cells to establish whether this IL-18 secreting tumor cell line may induce systemic tumor immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modified IL-18 cDNA consisting of the signal sequences of interferon-beta and mature type of IL-18 cDNA was constructed by the overlap extension method. The modified and original IL-18 cDNA was transduced into the RenCa mouse renal cell carcinoma cell line. Expression of IL-18 messenger RNA and concentration of IL-18 in the culture supernatant were determined. Direct antitumor and tumor vaccine effects were investigated in syngeneic Balb/c mice. To determine the mechanism of the antitumor effect immunodeficient mice were challenged with IL-18 secreting RenCa cells. RESULTS Although the modified and original IL-18 genes transduced RenCa showed almost the same level of IL-18 messenger RNA expression, only RenCa cells transduced with modified IL-18 gene secreted IL-18 into the culture supernatant and were completely rejected when transplanted into syngeneic mice. T lymphocytes were involved in this antitumor effect. Moreover, the modified IL-18 transduced RenCa induced tumor vaccine effect against parental RenCa cells injected at a distant site. CONCLUSIONS Immune gene therapy using modified IL-18 cDNA appears to be effective and IL-18 secreting cancer cells may be a candidate for tumor vaccine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hara
- Department of Urology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Kageshita T, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Ono T. Tissue factor expression and serum level in patients with melanoma does not correlate with disease progression. Pigment Cell Res 2001; 14:195-200. [PMID: 11434567 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Not only does tissue factor (TF) play a crucial role in hemostasis and thrombosis, but it is also involved in tumor progression and metastatic potency in some malignant tumors. We evaluated the clinical relevance of TF expression in melanocytic tumors and TF serum level in patients with malignant melanoma. TF expression in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions was examined by immunoperoxidase staining in 20 nevi, 41 primary, and 24 metastatic melanoma lesions. TF was detected in 94, 95, and 100% of these lesions, respectively. The staining pattern was membranous and cytoplasmic both in nevi and melanoma cells. This finding was confirmed by western blot analysis using cultured human melanocytes, nevi cells, and melanoma cell lines. TF was also expressed on blood vessels in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Expression of TF in primary melanoma lesions was not associated with any clinicopathological variables. In addition, the serum level of TF was elevated in 14% of patients with melanoma; however, it was not correlated with disease progression. These results suggest that TF was ubiquitously expressed in melanocytic cells and its expression was not correlated with disease progression and/or metastatic potency of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kageshita
- Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Koketsu M, Yang HO, Kim YM, Ichihashi M, Ishihara H. Preparation of 1,4-oxaselenin from agNO(3)/LDA-assisted reaction of 3-selena-4-pentyn-1-one as potential antitumor agents. Org Lett 2001; 3:1705-7. [PMID: 11405691 DOI: 10.1021/ol015897z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Oxaselenins were synthesized from 3-selena-4-pentyn-1-ones by the use of AgNO(3) and LDA. One of the obtained oxaselenins, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-phenyl-1,4-oxaselenin 5c, showed an inhibitory effect against the proliferation of human cancer cells and inducing effects on the early stage of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Koketsu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193 Japan.
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42
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Abstract
Oral vitamin E supplementation has been reported to improve facial hyperpigmentation. alpha-Tocopheryl ferulate (alpha-TF) is a compound of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and ferulic acid connected by an ester bond. Ferulic acid is also an antioxidant, and could scavenge free radicals induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and thus maintain the long-lasting antioxidative effect of alpha-T. Previously we have reported that alpha-TF inhibited melanogenesis in human melanoma cells. To know whether alpha-TF might be useful as a whitening agent to improve and prevent facial hyperpigmentation, the depigmenting effect of alpha-TF in normal human melanocytes was examined in this study. The results showed that 30 microg/ml of alpha-TF dissolved in 150 microg/ml of lecithin inhibited melanization significantly without inhibiting cell growth. This phenotypic change was associated with the inhibition of tyrosinase and the degree of inhibition was dose dependent. No significant effect on DOPAchrome tautomerase (DT) activity was observed. These results suggest that alpha-TF is a candidate for an efficient whitening agent which suppresses melanogenesis. In this paper, the role of alpha-T and alpha-TF in inhibiting biological reactions induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Funasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
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43
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Ahmed NU, Shioda T, Coser KR, Ichihashi M, Ueda M. Aberrant expression of MSG1 transcriptional activator in human malignant melanoma in vivo. Pigment Cell Res 2001; 14:140-3. [PMID: 11310794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
MSG1 was originally isolated as a candidate pigmentation-related gene. MSG1 mRNA transcripts were expressed strongly in cultured human and mouse normal epidermal melanocytes, and in highly pigmented mouse melanoma cells, while its expression was very weak in cultured non-pigmented human melanoma cells. Thus, MSG1 was initially proposed to be a melanocyte-specific gene, and its possible role in pigmentation has been speculated. It was found recently that the MSG1 protein interacts functionally with Smad4, which plays a pivotal role in signal transduction of transforming growth factor-beta. In this study, we analyzed MSG1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry using human tumor samples from nevus and malignant melanoma to reveal its role in pigmentation and melanoma development in vivo. A relatively strong but heterogeneous expression of MSG1 protein was seen in melanomas compared with weak expression in nevi. In nevi, MSG1 expression was mostly confined to the pigmented region, while it was expressed in both pigmented and non-pigmented regions in melanoma. Intracellularly, MSG1 protein was localized in the cytoplasm of nevus cells, but was seen in both nuclei and cytoplasm of melanoma cells. These results support a hypothesis that MSG1 plays a role in pigmentation. It is also suggested that MSG1 may be involved in malignant transformation of pigment cells. Alternatively, the aberrant expression of MSG1 in melanoma cells might be due to the abnormal environment, including aberrant cytokine or growth factor expression, associated with melanoma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N U Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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44
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Nagai H, Hara I, Horikawa T, Fujii M, Kurimoto M, Kamidono S, Ichihashi M. Antitumor effects on mouse melanoma elicited by local secretion of interleukin-12 and their enhancement by treatment with interleukin-18. Cancer Invest 2001; 18:206-13. [PMID: 10754989 DOI: 10.3109/07357900009031825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of the antitumor effect of locally secreted interleukin-12 (IL-12), we introduced the IL-12 p35 and p40 cDNAs into mouse B16 melanoma cells. IL-12 gene-transfected B16 melanoma (B16/IL12) showed marked retardation of tumor growth when implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. In these mice, depletion of not only Natural Killer (NK) cells but also CD8+ T cells diminished the antitumor effect of locally secreted IL-12. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that NK cells and macrophages accumulated more densely at the center and periphery of B16/IL12 tumors than that of parental B16 tumors, whereas CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells accumulated sparsely only at the periphery of both transfected and untransfected tumors. Systemic treatment with interleukin-18 (IL-18) markedly inhibited the growth of B16/IL12 but did not influence the tumor growth of parental B16 cells in vivo. These results suggest that local IL-12 secretion can retard the growth of B16 melanoma mediated primarily by NK cells and indirectly by CD8+ T cells and that its antitumor effect is augmented by systemic treatment with the novel cytokine IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagai
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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45
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Ando O, Suemoto Y, Kurimoto M, Horikawa T, Ichihashi M. Deficient Th1-type immune responses via impaired CD28 signaling in ultraviolet B-induced systemic immunosuppression and the restorative effect of IL-12. J Dermatol Sci 2000; 24:190-202. [PMID: 11084301 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(00)00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A single large dose (15 kJ/m(2)) of UVB-irradiation induces systemic immunosuppression and tolerance. We previously reported that IL-12 promotes the accessory cell function of epidermal Langerhans cells. In this study we have examined whether IL-12-pretreated antigen-presenting cells (APC) could restore the diminished T-cell response in mice irradiated with a single large dose of UVB. Spleen cells from UVB-irradiated mice showed reduced IFN-gamma production in a hapten-specific response but the function of APC in non-exposed skin of UVB-irradiated mice was not impaired. The pretreatment of APC with IL-12 did not restore the impaired IFN-gamma production by T cells from UVB-irradiated mice. Neither IL-10 nor TGF-beta was found to be involved in the suppression. Instead, we observed that anti-CD3 mAb-induced IFN-gamma production by T cells from UVB-irradiated mice was not augmented in the presence of anti-CD28 mAb, whereas IL-4 production was enhanced by the addition of anti-CD28 mAb. Furthermore, the reduced IFN-gamma production by T cells from UVB-irradiated mice in response to antigen plus APC could be restored by adding IL-12 to the culture. Our results thus indicate that UVB-induced systemic immunosuppression involves impaired Th1-type responses of T lymphocytes through CD28 stimulation, and that IL-12 compensates for the impaired CD28 costimulatory signaling in T cells resulting in the restoration of Th1-type responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ando
- Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., 675-1 Fujisaki, 702-8006, Okayama, Japan
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46
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Nagai H, Hara I, Horikawa T, Oka M, Kamidono S, Ichihashi M. Elimination of CD4(+) T cells enhances anti-tumor effect of locally secreted interleukin-12 on B16 mouse melanoma and induces vitiligo-like coat color alteration. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115:1059-64. [PMID: 11121142 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells have been reported to suppress immunity against cancer in certain animal models. In this study, we investigated the role of CD4(+) T cells in the anti-tumor immune response when interleukin-12-producing melanoma cells are inoculated in mice. We found that interleukin-12-transfected B16 melanoma showed retarded tumor growth in syngeneic mice; however, all the mice developed tumors eventually. In vivo depletion of CD4(+) T cells led to complete regression of B16/interleukin-12 tumors in 12 of 20 mice (60%). Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that a number of CD8(+) T cells accumulated in close proximity to the B16/interleukin-12 tumors in the CD4(+) T cell-depleted mice, whereas CD8(+) T cells were only scarcely observed at the periphery of the tumors in control immunocompetent mice. Furthermore, 10 of 20 mice treated with both B16/interleukin-12 inoculation and CD4(+) T cell depletion exhibited vitiligo-like coat color alteration. B16/interleukin-12 tumors completely regressed in all the mice with vitiligo. Histologic examination showed that CD8(+) lymphocytes accumulated around the hair bulbs of mice with vitiligo, but not in those without vitiligo. These results suggest that CD4(+) T cells have an inhibitory effect on tumor rejection by suppressing cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells in this melanoma loading model with local interleukin-12 secretion. To investigate the mechanism of enhanced anti-tumor effects by CD4(+) T cell depletion, we examined the T helper type 1/2 cytokine profile in the tumor draining lymph nodes of B16/interleukin-12-bearing mice with or without CD4(+) T cell depletion using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. We found that CD4(+) T cell depletion eliminated T helper type 2 cells and resulted in a T helper type 1-dominant cytokine profile in tumor draining lymph nodes. We emphasize that this T helper type 1-dominant cytokine profile may generate further activated CD8(+) T cells against B16 melanoma cells, lead B16/interleukin-12 to regress, and result in the destruction of the melanocytes in hair bulbs due to cross-antigenicity between both cell types. This mouse model not only demonstrates the depletion of CD4(+) T cells as a useful strategy for cancer gene therapy with interleukin-12 but also provides a model for human melanoma-associated vitiligo.J Invest Dermatol 115:1059-1064 2000
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nagai
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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47
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48
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Budiyanto A, Ahmed NU, Wu A, Bito T, Nikaido O, Osawa T, Ueda M, Ichihashi M. Protective effect of topically applied olive oil against photocarcinogenesis following UVB exposure of mice. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21:2085-90. [PMID: 11062172 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/21.11.2085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been shown to play a role in ultraviolet light (UV)-induced skin carcinogenesis. Vitamin E and green tea polyphenols reduce experimental skin cancers in mice mainly because of their antioxidant properties. Since olive oil has also been reported to be a potent antioxidant, we examined its effect on UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in hairless mice. Extra-virgin olive oil was applied topically before or after repeated exposure of mice to UVB. The onset of UVB-induced skin tumors was delayed in mice painted with olive oil compared with UVB control mice. However, with increasing numbers of UVB exposures, differences in the mean number of tumors between UVB control mice and mice pretreated with olive oil before UVB exposure (pre-UVB group) were lost. In contrast, mice that received olive oil after UVB exposure (post-UVB group) showed significantly lower numbers of tumors per mouse than those in the UVB control group throughout the experimental period. The mean number of tumors per mouse in the UVB control, pre-UVB and post-UVB groups was 7.33, 6.69 and 2.64, respectively, in the first experiment, and 8.53, 9.53 and 3.36 in the second experiment. Camellia oil was also applied, using the same experimental protocol, but did not have a suppressive effect. Immunohistochemical analysis of DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), (6-4) photoproducts and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in samples taken 30 min after a single exposure of UVB showed no significant difference between UVB-irradiated control mice and the pre-UVB group. In the post-UVB group, there were lower levels of 8-OHdG in epidermal nuclei, but the formation of CPD and (6-4) photoproducts did not differ. Exposure of olive oil to UVB before application abrogated the protective effect on 8-OHdG formation. These results indicate that olive oil topically applied after UVB exposure can effectively reduce UVB-induced murine skin tumors, possibly via its antioxidant effects in reducing DNA damage by reactive oxygen species, and that the effective component may be labile to UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Budiyanto
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Division of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
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49
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Araki K, Horikawa T, Chakraborty AK, Nakagawa K, Itoh H, Oka M, Funasaka Y, Pawelek J, Ichihashi M. Small Gtpase rab3A is associated with melanosomes in melanoma cells. Pigment Cell Res 2000; 13:332-6. [PMID: 11041209 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2000.130505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rab3A is a small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein that has been recently implicated in intracellular vesicle transport and the secretion of neurotransmitters in neuronal cells. We demonstrate here that Rab3A is associated with melanosomes in pigment cells. Rab3A as well as Rabphilin3A, a putative target protein of Rab3A, were detected in the melanosome fraction, purified from B16 murine melanoma cells by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. In contrast, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI), a GDP/GTP exchange protein for Rab3A, was found in the cytosol fraction. Further studies using confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that immunoreactive Rab3A is localized in conjunction with the melanosomal membrane. These results suggest the possibility of involvement of Rab3A-Rabphilin3A complex, regulated by Rab GDI, in the intracellular transport of melanosomes in pigment cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Araki
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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50
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Oka M, Nagai H, Ando H, Fukunaga M, Matsumura M, Araki K, Ogawa W, Miki T, Sakaue M, Tsukamoto K, Konishi H, Kikkawa U, Ichihashi M. Regulation of melanogenesis through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway in human G361 melanoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115:699-703. [PMID: 10998146 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in the regulation of melanogenesis was examined using human G361 melanoma cells. In the cells treated with wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the melanin content increased concomitant with the elevated protein level of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanogenesis. Northern blot analysis revealed that the mRNA level of tyrosinase increased transiently on treatment of the cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. When the cells were infected with the adenovirus vector encoding the mutant adapter subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which acts as a dominant negative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, both the melanin content and the expression of tyrosinase increased. In cells infected with the adenovirus vector encoding the constitutively active mutant of the lipid kinase, a decrease in melanin content as well as reduced expression of tyrosinase was observed. In cells expressing the constitutively active mutant of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt, one of the downstream targets of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the melanin content decreased as in the cells overproducing the constitutively active mutant of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. These results indicate that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulates melanogenesis by modulating the expression of tyrosinase, and that activation of Akt is sufficient for suppression of melanin production in G361 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oka
- Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan.
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