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Gaspar PC, Rudolf-Oliveira RCM, Wildner LM, de Moraes ACR, Reis ML, da Silva RM, Gonçalves J, Bazzo ML, Santos-Silva MC. Evaluation of leucocytes from sputum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients using flow cytometry. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 22:1071-1076. [PMID: 30092874 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.17.0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Information about the sputum cells of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients is scarce. The analysis of sputum cells using optical microscopy (OM) is a well-established method, but it has some serious limitations. OBJECTIVE To establish a new flow cytometry (FC) protocol for the leucocyte evaluation of sputum samples from PTB patients. DESIGN A new FC protocol using 0.1% dithiothreitol and 0.5% paraformaldehyde was developed to fluidise sputum samples and kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively, to allow the analysis of sputum samples collected from TB patients. The protocol was validated by comparing it with OM, and the cellularity of 30 sputum samples from patients with PTB was evaluated. RESULTS The comparison between leucocyte subsets analysed using OM and FC showed agreement. Immunophenotyping of leucocytes from sputum samples showed that neutrophils (95.7%) comprised the largest proportion of sputum cells, followed by monocytes/macrophages (2.6%) and lymphocytes (1.6%). Among the total T-lymphocytes (100%), 12.3% were T-helper cells, 24.1% were cytotoxic T-cells and 62.9% were gamma/delta T; none of the T lymphocytes had the CD4+/CD8+ phenotype. CONCLUSION FC is a useful method for evaluating the different subtypes of leucocytes present in the sputum samples of PTB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Gaspar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
| | - R C M Rudolf-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
| | - L M Wildner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
| | - A C R de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde
| | - M L Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias, Departamento de Análises Clínicas
| | | | - J Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Análises Clinicas, Hospital Universitário Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - M L Bazzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Sorologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde
| | - M C Santos-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental e Hemopatias, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde
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Dellalibera-Joviliano R, Reis ML, Donadi EA. The Kinin System in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Exhibiting Mucocutaneous Lesions: A Clinical Study. Scand J Immunol 2010; 71:292-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rosatelli TB, Roselino AM, Dellalibera-Joviliano R, Reis ML, Donadi EA. Increased activity of plasma and tissue kallikreins, plasma kininase II and salivary kallikrein in pemphigus foliaceus (fogo selvagem). Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:650-7. [PMID: 15840094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune blistering disease of unknown aetiology, which is endemic in Brazil. Although the pathogenesis of PF is still unknown, proteins of the contact system have been implicated. OBJECTIVES As the components of the kinin system may interact with those of the contact system, in this study we evaluated the plasma levels of high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK) and low-molecular-weight kininogen (LK), and the activity of plasma kallikrein, tissue kallikrein and kininase II in plasma of patients with PF presenting with Nikolsky's sign. As kidneys and salivary glands are relevant sources of tissue kallikrein for plasma, we also evaluated urinary/salivary kallikrein and urinary kininase II activities. METHODS Fifteen patients and 15 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. Kininogen levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the activities of kallikreins and kininase II were determined using selective chromogenic substrates. RESULTS Compared with controls, plasma HK levels were decreased (P = 0.031), whereas the activities of plasma kallikrein, tissue kallikrein and kininase II in plasma, and the activity of salivary kallikrein, were increased in patients (P < 0.001 for each comparison). Plasma levels of LK and the activities of urinary kallikrein and urinary kininase II were not significantly different from controls. CONCLUSIONS Diminished levels of HK associated with increased activities of plasma kallikrein and kininase II indicate that the kinin system is activated at the systemic level in PF. As active plasma kallikreins may act on some proteins of the contact system, it is possible that the enzyme may contribute to blister formation. The further observation of an increased tissue kallikrein activity at the systemic and saliva levels may be interpreted as a systemic reflex of skin inflammation. Whether the activation of the kinin system is a cause or a consequence of blister formation needs further clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Rosatelli
- Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Fukuhara YDM, Dellalibera-Joviliano R, Cunha FQC, Reis ML, Donadi EA. The kinin system in the envenomation caused by the Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004; 196:390-5. [PMID: 15094309 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Accepted: 12/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence in experimental animals indicate that the kinin system may participate in the pathogenesis of envenomation by the Tityus serrulatus (Ts) scorpion sting, but there are no studies in humans with regard to this system. In this study, we evaluated the plasma levels of high-molecular (HKg) and low-molecular (LKg) weight kininogens (detected by ELISA), the activities of plasma or tissue kallikreins and kininase II (enzymatic action upon selective substrates), and the Ts plasma venom levels (ELISA). A total of 27 patients (12 males) aged 12-72 were evaluated immediately at hospital admittance. According to the severity of envenomation, patients were classified as mild (n = 15), moderate (n = 8), and severe cases (n = 4). Controls were paired for age and sex. Plasma venom levels were associated with the severity of envenomation. Severe cases presented lower levels of LKg in relation to mild and controls. Inverse correlations were seen between LKg levels and the venom concentration. The results of this study suggested that the kinin system may participate in the pathogenesis of human Ts envenomation and knowledge about this system may be useful to develop new strategies to reduce the damage caused by scorpion envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D M Fukuhara
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fukuhara YDM, Reis ML, Dellalibera-Joviliano R, Cunha FQC, Donadi EA. Increased plasma levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in patients moderately or severely envenomed by Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting. Toxicon 2003; 41:49-55. [PMID: 12467661 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00208-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation is a common medical problem in many countries and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children. The plasma levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were measured in individuals stung by Tityus serrulatus (Ts) scorpions. According to clinical manifestations patients were classified, as defined by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, as having mild (n=15, mean age=42.2 years), moderate (n=8, mean age=26 years) or severe (n=4, mean age=14 years) envenomation. Blood samples were taken immediately (T1) and 6h (T2) after admission to the hospital. Eighteen age-matched healthy volunteers were used as control. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 levels were significantly increased in moderate and severe cases and the levels of these cytokines were positively correlated with the severity of envenomation, as evaluated by clinical profile and plasma venom concentration. IL-10 levels were increased in severe and moderate cases and reduced in mild cases. The results reported in the present study suggest that the physiopathological manifestation of Ts envenomation may be mediated, at least in part, by cytokines, and that the early treatment after scorpion sting with drugs that inhibit cytokine production, such as glucocorticoids, may have a potential beneficial effect, ameliorating the severity of the clinical manifestations observed, particularly in severe and moderate cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D M Fukuhara
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, 14 049-900, SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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6
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Abstract
We evaluated the activities of salivary kallikrein and tissue/plasma kallikreins, and the plasma levels of high-molecular (HKg) and low-molecular (LKg) weight kininogens in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The patients exhibited higher levels of the active salivary kallikrein compared to the controls. In contrast, the total salivary kallikrein activity of patients was not different from controls. In plasma from the patients, tissue kallikrein activity or plasma prekallikrein activity was not significantly different from the controls. Plasma HKg levels observed in patients were higher than in controls, whereas plasma LKg levels did not differ significantly from controls. Our results showed that most of the salivary kallikrein seen in patients is in its active form, suggesting the presence of systemic or local factors with the ability to activate salivary pro-kallikrein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C C Hernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Abstract
There are few studies regarding the evaluation of the kinin system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we evaluated the plasma levels of high-molecular weight kininogen (HKg), low-molecular weight kininogen (LKg) and plasma kallikrein; the plasma activity of tissue kallikrein and kininase II, and urinary kallikrein and kininase II activities in patients presenting with active lupus nephritis. A total of 30 patients (29 women) aged 21-62 years (median = 39) and 30 controls matched to the patients for sex and age were studied. Patients presenting with other underlying diseases or using drugs, which could interfere with the kinin system, were excluded. HKg and LKg levels were indirectly evaluated by ELISA. Plasma kallikrein, tissue kallikrein, and kininase II were evaluated by their enzymatic activity on selective substrates. The Mann-Whitney test was used for statistical analysis. HKg, LKg and plasma kallikrein levels were significantly increased in patients (p < 0.001, for each comparison). Similarly, tissue kallikrein and kininase II activities were significantly increased in plasma and urine of patients (p <0.001, for each comparison). In urine, the activities of tissue kallikrein and kininase II were at least seven times higher than those seen in the plasma of patients. These results indicate that the kinin system is involved in the acute manifestations of lupus nephritis. Kinins may facilitate immunecomplex deposition and may induce the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines actively involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dellalibera-Joviliano
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Abstract
Pruritic papular eruption (PPE) is a common inflammatory cutaneous lesion observed only in HIV/AIDS patients. Since kinin is an important mediator in inflammation, we evaluated the levels of total kininogen (TKg), low and high molecular weight kininogen (LKg and HKg, respectively) and the activity of kallikrein in plasma of 11 patients (median age = 31.4) with AIDS and PPE (PPE+), eight patients (median age = 31.5) with AIDS without PPE (PPE-) and in 12 control individuals (median age = 32.9) with anti-HIV negative serum. Kininogens were measured by ELISA and expressed in median (m) of BK Equivalent/ml plasma and the kallikrein by its activity upon selective chromogenic substrate, and expressed as U kallikrein/ml of plasma. TKg or LKg concentrations in PPE+ patients (m = 4.11 and 4.5) and in PPE- patients (m = 6.23 and 4.54) were significantly higher when compared to control (m = 2.10 and 1.17). Compared to controls PPE- patients presented similar values of HKg (m = 0.78 and 0.61), whereas PPE+ patients presented undetectable values. Plasma kallikrein activity was significantly decreased in PPE+ and PPE- (m = 0.6 and 0.89, respectively) when compared with control individuals (m = 2.23).
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, Brazil.
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Rothschild AM, Melo VL, Reis ML, Foss MC, Gallo L. Kininogen and prekallikrein increases in the blood of streptozotocin-diabetic rats are normalized by insulin in vivo and in vitro. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1999; 360:217-20. [PMID: 10494893 DOI: 10.1007/s002109900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Twelve days following treatment with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), male rats were diabetic, with a three-fold increase in blood glucose (P<0.001) and increased plasma bradykinin (BK) kininogen reserves of [high-(HK)- and low- (LK)-molecular-weight kininogens,+162%, P<0.01 and +63%, P=0.05, respectively], as determined by bioassay of BK released by trypsin from these precursors under standardized conditions. Administration of a single dose (10 U/kg i.v.) of regular insulin decreased plasma HK and LK to near non-diabetic values. Within 24 h these values had returned to levels characteristic of uncorrected diabetes. Prekallikrein (PK), the precursor of plasma kallikrein, an enzyme which releases BK from HK, was increased by 63.4% (P<0.05) in STZ-diabetes, but dropped to near normal levels following insulin treatment. Incubation of whole blood of normal or diabetic rats with 0.02-0.2 mU/ml regular insulin for 10 min at 37 C, decreased HK (P<0.01) and PK (P<0.05) and led to the appearance (P<0.05) of Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe, a partially stable product of BK metabolism, detected in the incubation media by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Incubation of cell-free plasma insulin had no effect on these parameters, suggesting that blood cells, possibly neutrophils, are required by insulin for the activation of plasma PK to kallikrein leading to BK release. Insulin may be a factor modulating BK formation; its reduction in diabetes may explain increases of plasma kininogen and PK observed in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Rothschild
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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10
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Abstract
A transient significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) from 107 +/- 3 to 98 +/- 3 mmHg (P < 0.05) was observed in elderly (59-69 years of age), healthy volunteers 25-30 min following ingestion of a test meal. In young volunteers (22-34 years of age), a postprandial decrease of MAP from 88 +/- 3 to 83 +/- 4 mmHg was also noted but it was not statistically significant. A 40% decrease in bradykinin (BK) content of circulatory high molecular weight kininogen had previously been observed in human subjects given the same test meal. We presently demonstrate by specific ELISA that the stable pentapeptide metabolite (1-5 BK) of BK increases from 2.5 +/- 1.0 to 11.0 +/- 2.5 pg/ml plasma (P < 0.05) in elderly volunteers and from 2.0 +/- 1.0 to 10.3 +/- 3.2 pg/ml plasma (P < 0.05) in young volunteers 3 h following food intake. This result suggests that ingestion of food stimulates BK release from kininogen in normal man. Postprandial splanchnic vasodilatation, demonstrated by a decrease of plasma half-life of intravenously administered indocyanine green (ICG), a marker of mesenteric blood flow to the liver, from 4.4 +/- 0.4 to 3.0 +/- 0.1 min (P < 0.05) in young volunteers and from 5.2 +/- 1.0 to 4.0 +/- 0.5 min (P < 0.05) in elderly volunteers, accompanied BK release. The participation of BK in this response was investigated in subjects given the BK-potentiating drug captopril prior to food intake. Postprandial decreases of ICG half-lives were not changed by this treatment in either young or elderly subjects, a result which may indicate that BK released following food intake plays no role in postprandial splanchnic vasodilatation in normal man.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tumilero
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Rothschild AM, Reis ML, Melo VL, Foss MC, Gallo L. Increased kininogen levels observed in plasma of diabetic patients are corrected by the administration of insulin. Horm Metab Res 1999; 31:326-8. [PMID: 10422729 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-978746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Rothschild
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of S. Paulo, Brazil
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Andrião-Escarso SH, Soares AM, Rodrigues VM, Mancin AC, Reis ML, Ballejo G, Giglio JR. Isolation and characterization of an arginine ester hydrolase from Bothrops jararacussu venom which induces contractions of the isolated rat uterus. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1999; 47:699-706. [PMID: 10319423 DOI: 10.1080/15216549900201763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The isolation and partial characterization of a serine protease with arginine ester hydrolase activity from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom are described. The purification procedure consisted of a gel filtration of the crude venom on Sephadex G-75 followed by an ion-exchange chromatography of the active fraction on DEAE-cellulose and a rechromatography on Bio-Rex 70 resin. The esterase fraction (DI-III), M(r) = 25,000 by SDS-PAGE, showed proteolytic activity on fibrinogen and casein. After 2 hr incubation, the A alpha and B beta chains of fibrinogen were intensely hydrolysed, while the gamma chain kept apparently intact, even after 20 hr of incubation. In spite of that, DI-III did not clot fibrinogen. DI-III induced edema in the rat paw. Although unable to release bradykinin, it induced contractions of the isolated rat uterus. DI-III did not catalyse the hydrolysis of bradykinin. Its arginine ester hydrolase activity was completely inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate after 1 hr incubation, but not by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Andrião-Escarso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Hernández CC, Donadi EA, Reis ML. Kininogen-kallikrein-kinin system in plasma and saliva of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol 1998; 25:2381-4. [PMID: 9858433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate variables of the kininogen-kallikrein-kinin system (KKKS) simultaneously in plasma and saliva of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS We studied a group of 20 female patients with SS aged 37-75 years, 7 with primary SS (SS1) and 13 with SS secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (SS2), and 20 healthy individuals. Total kininogen and high and low molecular weight kininogen (HKg and LKg, respectively) levels were evaluated by ELISA. The activity of plasma and tissue kallikreins was determined by enzyme activity on selective chromogenic substrates. RESULTS The plasma levels of total kininogen, HKg, and LKg, and the activity of plasma kallikrein observed in patients were not significantly different from controls. The tissue kallikrein-like activity in plasma and the active tissue kallikrein in saliva were significantly increased in patients with SS, whereas the total salivary tissue kallikrein activity in patients was not significantly different from controls. The concentration of protein in the saliva of patients was significantly increased, and a positive correlation between salivary protein levels and the active tissue kallikrein was observed. CONCLUSION Comparisons between the total and the active tissue kallikrein in saliva of patients with SS showed that most of the tissue kallikrein was in its active form. In addition, we observed a concomitant increase of the tissue kallikrein-like activity in plasma. These results suggest increased activation of the KKKS in plasma and saliva of patients with SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Hernández
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Rolim JA, Barsottini OG, Prado GF, Nakandakare F, Reis ML, Reis-Filho JB. [Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of cerebro-meningeal metastasis from malignant melanoma arising from giant congenital melanocytic nevus: case report]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1996; 54:479-83. [PMID: 9109995 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x1996000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 28-year-old man with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) with malignant transformation to melanoma and metastasis on the central nervous system (CNS). We also make a summary of the pathological features from both lesions (GCMN and Melanoma), the occurrence of malignancy of GCMN, the organs more frequently involved with metastatic melanoma--with emphasis to involvement of CNS--just as the factors that cause malignant transformation of GCMN; the methods to diagnose metastases in CNS--emphasizing the importance of cerebrospinal fluid--and some therapeutical modalities for the metastatic melanoma in CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Rolim
- Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) da Universidade Federal de São Paulo(UNIFESP), Brasil
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Volpe-Júnior N, Donadi EA, Carvalho IF, Reis ML. Augmented plasma and tissue kallikrein like activity in synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory articular diseases. Inflamm Res 1996; 45:198-202. [PMID: 8741010 DOI: 10.1007/bf02285161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied some of the components of the kininogen-kallikrein-kinin system, simultaneously, in plasma and synovial effusions of patients with inflammatory articular diseases. Plasma and tissue kallikrein like activity and kininogen levels were evaluated. Active plasma and tissue kallikreins in plasma and synovial fluid were detected by their amidase activity upon specific chromogenic substrates. Kininogen levels were determined by a bioassay. Both specific amidase activity of plasma and tissue kallikreins were augmented in synovial effusions in relation to their own plasma activity. Kininogen levels in synovial fluid tended to be diminished in relation to plasma, however statistical significance was not reached. The consumption of kininogen is probably related to kinin production. This finding together with increased activities of plasma and tissue kallikreins reinforce the involvement of kinins in pathogenesis of inflammatory articular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Volpe-Júnior
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Martin SW, Stevens AJ, Brennan BS, Reis ML, Gifford LA, Rowland M, Houston JB. Regional drug delivery I: permeability characteristics of the rat 6-day-old air pouch model of inflammation. Pharm Res 1995; 12:1980-6. [PMID: 8786977 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016260426830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the permeability characteristics of the rat air pouch model of inflammation using permeability extremes within which the NSAIDs S[+] ibuprofen, piroxicam and diclofenac could be evaluated. METHODS Permeability was calculated using concentration data obtained following intrapouch and intravenous administration of [3H]-water, [14C]-urea, [14C]-inulin and [125I]-albumin and compared to similar data obtained for the three NSAIDs. RESULTS Similar permeability values (5-6.5 ml hr-1) were obtained for the three NSAIDS which fell between the permeability extremes of the molecular weight markers [3H]-water (9.7 ml hr-1), [14C]-urea (6.8 ml hr-1), [14C]-inulin (1.0 ml hr-1) and [125I]-albumin (0.6 ml hr-1). Coadministration of equipotent anti-inflammatory doses of the NSAIDs did not affect local blood flow to the air pouch (as assessed by urea kinetics) but did reduced vascular permeability (as assessed by albumin flux into the pouch). CONCLUSIONS Comparison of the NSAIDs with the permeabilities of the molecular weight markers indicates that a perfusion rate limitation probably exists. Systemic absorption is complete over the first two hours following intrapouch administration of the NSAIDs, therefore albumin flux into the pouch is insufficient to materially affect the permeability of the NSAIDs. However, subsequently (post 5hr) albumin concentration in the pouch rises sufficiently to lower the effective flux of the NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Martin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Abstract
An ultrastructural study of the embryonic and larval shell of Anodonta cygnea was carried out by light, polarization, and scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. A thin outer layer (cuticle), composed of β-keratin fibrils organized in parallel rows and enveloped by chitin material, was observed. The hooks, spines, and teeth are constituted by cuticular formations only. A calcareous inner layer presenting convergent prismatic monocrystals mainly of aragonite, which form prismatic structures around the pores and inside of irregular polygonal border lines, was also shown. Two clearly differentiated calcareous valves were already observed on very young embryos. The valvular pores totally covered by the cuticle may be involved in the metabolic cell exchange by penetrating cytoplasmatic extensions of the mantle cells. The irregular polygonal configuration observed on the internal surface of young decalcified cuticles supports the hypothesis of a role for the matrix as a regulator of shell formation, inducing the prismatic organization of the calcareous layer. Shell mineralization from the border lines to the center of each polygonal area may occur.
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Beltramini-Sabbag LM, Krieger EM, Greene LJ, Reis ML. Evidence for new spasmogenic substances released by trypsin from plasma of normotensive and hypertensive rats. Adv Exp Med Biol 1986; 198 Pt B:289-96. [PMID: 3812101 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0154-8_36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have extended our previous study of increased levels of new spasmogenic substances released by trypsin from the plasma of chronic one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats by describing preparative procedures utilizing Sephadex G-25, CM-cellulose and C18 reverse-phase HPLC for their partial purification. We demonstrate the existence of at least 6 HPLC components, distinguishable from bradykinin, bradykinin homologues having Lys before Arg1 of bradykinin and T-kinin (Ile-Ser-bradykinin) on the basis of their chromatographic properties. Several of these spasmogenic substances induce a very slow contraction of the isolated guinea pig ileum when compared to bradykinin.
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Reis ML, Alhenc-Gelas F, Alhenc-Gelas M, Allegrini J, Kerbiriou-Nabias D, Corvol P, Menard J. Rat high-molecular-weight kininogen: purification, production of antibodies and demonstration of lack of immunoreactive kininogen in a strain of brown Norway rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985; 831:106-13. [PMID: 3929838 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-molecular-weight kininogen was purified to apparent homogeneity from Wistar rat plasma by a two-steps chromatographic procedure. 3 mg of kininogen were obtained from 205 ml of plasma. The purified high-Mr kininogen had a bradykinin content of 10.2 micrograms bradykinin equivalents/mg protein. Under denatured and reduced conditions it gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to an apparent molecular mass of 110 kDa. Antibodies obtained against rat high-Mr kininogen gave a single precipitation line when tested against rat plasma in double immunodiffusion and in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Although rat high-Mr kininogen possesses physicochemical properties (molecular mass, kinin content per molecule and amino acid composition) similar to human high-Mr kininogen, its antibodies do not cross-react with human, monkey or rabbit plasma, indicating major interspecies differences in the structure of the molecule. Immunoreactive kininogen of Wistar rats was identical to that of Brown Norway rats from a strain bred in Orleans, France (BN/Orl). However, plasma from a strain of Brown Norway rats bred in Leuven, Belgium (BN/Kat), reported to be deficient in a kinin precursor (Damas, J. and Adam, A. (1980) Experientia 36, 586-587), did not contain immunoreactive material discernible by double immunodiffusion or crossed immunoelectrophoresis.
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Reis ML, de Jesus WD, Bertramini-Sabbag LM, Krieger EM, Greene LJ. Increased levels of new spasmogenic substances released by trypsin from plasma of hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1984. [DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.6.2_pt_1.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Reis ML, de Jesus WD, Bertramini-Sabbag LM, Krieger EM, Greene LJ. Increased levels of new spasmogenic substances released by trypsin from plasma of hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1984. [DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.6.2.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the participation of the kallikrein-kinin system in the normalization of blood pressure after release of the clip in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats ( 1K1C ). Kininogen was determined before and after unclipping by tryptic digestion of denatured rat plasma, and spasmogenic activity was measured with isolated guinea pig ileum. In contrast to human plasma for which bradykinin (BK) is the only trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substance ( TRSS ), rat plasma contains non-BK TRSS (Fractions P1 and P2) as well as BK. Fractions P1 and P2 were separated from BK by SP-Sephadex chromatography. An increase of total TRSS was demonstrated 60 days after clipping and reached a maximum at approximately Day 75, which was two times that of the normotensive controls (NC). The level of total TRSS did not change after unclipping . The increased level of TRSS in the hypertensive state confirmed the observations of other investigators who reported increased kininogen levels but who could not distinguish between BK and non-BK TRSS because bioassays were performed without prior chromatographic separation of the spasmogenic activities. Fractions P1 and P2 were present in the TRSS of both 1K1C and NC plasma, but were two to six times higher in 1K1C and thus probably accounted quantitatively for the increased TRSS in 1K1C . The data suggest that in the hypertensive state there is an alteration in the relative amounts of some plasma proteins that contain non-BK TRSS within their amino acid sequences. Fractions P1 and P2 also contain potentiating peptides and have not yet been purified to homogeneity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Reis ML, de Jesus WD, Bertramini-Sabbag LM, Krieger EM, Greene LJ. Increased levels of new spasmogenic substances released by trypsin from plasma of hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1984; 6:255-61. [PMID: 6563014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the participation of the kallikrein-kinin system in the normalization of blood pressure after release of the clip in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats ( 1K1C ). Kininogen was determined before and after unclipping by tryptic digestion of denatured rat plasma, and spasmogenic activity was measured with isolated guinea pig ileum. In contrast to human plasma for which bradykinin (BK) is the only trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substance ( TRSS ), rat plasma contains non-BK TRSS (Fractions P1 and P2) as well as BK. Fractions P1 and P2 were separated from BK by SP-Sephadex chromatography. An increase of total TRSS was demonstrated 60 days after clipping and reached a maximum at approximately Day 75, which was two times that of the normotensive controls (NC). The level of total TRSS did not change after unclipping . The increased level of TRSS in the hypertensive state confirmed the observations of other investigators who reported increased kininogen levels but who could not distinguish between BK and non-BK TRSS because bioassays were performed without prior chromatographic separation of the spasmogenic activities. Fractions P1 and P2 were present in the TRSS of both 1K1C and NC plasma, but were two to six times higher in 1K1C and thus probably accounted quantitatively for the increased TRSS in 1K1C . The data suggest that in the hypertensive state there is an alteration in the relative amounts of some plasma proteins that contain non-BK TRSS within their amino acid sequences. Fractions P1 and P2 also contain potentiating peptides and have not yet been purified to homogeneity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Camargo AC, Caldo H, Reis ML. Susceptibility of a peptide derived from bradykinin to hydrolysis by brain endo-oligopeptidases and pancreatic proteinases. J Biol Chem 1979; 254:5304-7. [PMID: 447650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The property of brain endopeptidases of attacking small biologically active polypeptides but not denatured proteins led us to compare them with pancreatic proteolytic enzymes with respect to hydrolysis of a synthetic peptide derived from bradykinin (Gly-Gly-Gly-Arg-bradykinin), free, bound to Affi-Gel 10, or bound to succinylated polylysine of 3,000 and 180,000 daltons, respectively. The data show that brain endopeptidases A and B only hydrolyze bradykinin in its free form, whereas trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase B hydrolyze the polypeptide both free and covalently bound to a high molecular weight carrier. These results suggest that brain endopeptidases selectively hydrolyze low molecular weight polypeptides.
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Reis ML, Draghetta W, Camargo AC, Greene LJ. AG 11A8 ion-retardation resin. II. Separation of kinins and amino acids from salta and buffer ions. Anal Biochem 1977; 81:358-68. [PMID: 907099 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Reis ML, Draghetta W, Greene LJ. AG 11A8 ion-retardation resin. I. Separation of proteins from sodium chloride, buffer ions, and reagents used to deproteinize solutions. Anal Biochem 1977; 81:346-57. [PMID: 907098 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sampaio MU, Reis ML, Fink E, Camargo AC, Greene LJ. SP-Sephadex equilibrium chromatography of bradykinin and related peptides: application to trypsin-treated human plasma. Anal Biochem 1977; 81:369-83. [PMID: 907100 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(77)90708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Reis ML, Okino L, Rocha e Silva M. Comparative pharmacological actions of bradykinin and related kinins of larger molecular weights. Biochem Pharmacol 1971; 20:2935-46. [PMID: 5132102 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(71)90096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Corrado AP, Reis ML, Carvalho IF, Diniz CR. Bradykininogen and bradykinin in the cardiovascular shock produced by proteolytic enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol 1966; 15:959-70. [PMID: 5967907 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(66)90173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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