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Wallace ML, McTeague L, Graves JL, Kissel N, Tortora C, Wheeler B, Iyengar S. Quantifying Distances Between Non-Elliptical Clusters to Enhance the Identification of Meaningful Emotional Reactivity Subtypes. Data Sci Sci 2022; 1:34-59. [PMID: 37162763 PMCID: PMC10166186 DOI: 10.1080/26941899.2022.2157349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated emotional responses across psychophysiological and subjective indices is a cornerstone of adaptive emotional functioning. Using clustering to identify cross-diagnostic subgroups with similar emotion response profiles may suggest novel underlying mechanisms and treatments.However, many psychophysiological measures are non-normal even in homogenous samples, and over-reliance on traditional elliptical clustering approaches may inhibit the identification of meaningful subgroups. Finite mixture models that allow for non-elliptical cluster distributions is an emerging methodological field that may overcome this hurdle. Furthermore, succinctly quantifying pairwise cluster separation could enhance the clinical utility of the clustering solutions. However, a comprehensive examination of distance measures in the context of elliptical and non-elliptical model-based clustering is needed to provide practical guidance on the computation, benefits, and disadvantages of existing measures. We summarize several measures that can quantify the multivariate distance between two clusters and suggest practical computational tools. Through a simulation study, we evaluate the measures across three scenarios that allow for clusters to differ in location, scale, skewness, and rotation. We then demonstrate our approaches using psychophysiological and subjective responses to emotional imagery captured through the Transdiagnostic Anxiety Study. Finally, we synthesize findings to provide guidance on how to use distance measures in clustering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. McTeague
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - N. Kissel
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University
| | - C. Tortora
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Jose State University
| | - B. Wheeler
- School of Computing and Information, University of Pittsburgh
| | - S. Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh
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Scharf VF, Oblak ML, Hoffman K, Skinner OT, Neal KM, Cocca CJ, Duffy DJ, Wallace ML. Clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in 70 dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:504-511. [PMID: 32692404 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features and outcome of functional thyroid tumours in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective multi-institutional study of 70 dogs diagnosed with thyroid mass and concurrent hyperthyroidism. Clinical data regarding presentation, treatment, outcome and functional thyroid status were retrieved. RESULTS Overall median survival of dogs with functional thyroid tumours was 35.1 months and 1- and 3-year survival rates were 83 and 49%, respectively. Median survival time was 72.6 months for dogs treated with surgical excision and 15.7 months for dogs that did not receive surgery. Of the 50 dogs treated by surgery and for which thyroid status was known following treatment, 64% developed hypothyroidism after surgery. Histopathologically confirmed metastasis was identified in 3% of dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs with functional thyroid tumours may survive a long time after surgical excision, although post-operative hypothyroidism is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Scharf
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - M L Oblak
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - O T Skinner
- Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr., Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - K M Neal
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - C J Cocca
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - D J Duffy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - M L Wallace
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
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Wallace ML, Peppard P, Coleman TL, Mentch L, Buysse DJ, Hall MH, Redline S, Hagen EH. 0850 Self-report And Polysomnography Sleep And Mortality In Adults: A Machine Learning Replication Analysis. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Individual sleep health characteristics (e.g. efficiency, timing, duration, architecture) and signs and symptoms of sleep disorders (e.g., difficulty falling and staying asleep, apnea hypopnea index, measures of oxygen desaturation) predict mortality in adults using traditional regression methods. However, it is important to examine and compare their predictive abilities in context of other established non-sleep predictors using high-dimensional methods that better reflect the complexity of the data. Therefore, we applied a novel random forest machine learning (RFML) hypothesis-testing framework to data from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) and the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort (WSC) to determine which risk factor domains (sleep, physical health, sociodemographic factors, medications, health behaviors, mental health) and sleep subdomains (self-report and polysomnography sleep health characteristics and signs and symptoms of sleep disorders) predict time to mortality in adults.
Methods
We harmonized 82 predictors across SHHS and WSC (32 sleep, 24 physical health, 8 sociodemographic, 9 medications, 4 mental health, 5 health behaviors) and fit sociodemographic-adjusted and fully-adjusted RFML models in each cohort to test the overall predictive importance of each domain and sleep subdomain. Permutation-based p-values and unbiased variable importance metrics (change in Harrell’s C *100, ΔC) were computed and summarized with medians across 20 independent subsampled testing sets in each cohort.
Results
In the fully-adjusted SHHS and WSC models, the most predictive domains were physical health (SHHS p<0.001, ΔC=1.48; WSC p=0.002, ΔC=2.68) and sleep (SHHS p=0.008, ΔC=0.71; WSC p=0.044, ΔC=1.65). Sleep subdomains were not significant in the fully adjusted model. However, the sociodemographic-adjusted models indicated that the predictive importance of sleep may be driven by polysomnography sleep health characteristics in SHHS (p=0.026, ΔC =0.77) and polysomnography signs of sleep apnea in WSC (p<0.001, ΔC=3.20).
Conclusion
Sleep is a strong predictor of mortality in adults that should be considered among other more routinely used predictors. Future research should examine differences and similarities between SHHS and WSC that may explain the finding that different aspects of sleep were important in each cohort.
Support
NIA grant AG056331, NHLBI grant HL114473, NHLBI grant R01HL62252, NIA grant R01AG036838, NIA grant R01AG058680.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Peppard
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - L Mentch
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M H Hall
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - E H Hagen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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4
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Wallace ML, Lee S, Hall MH, Stone KL, Langsetmo L, Redline S, Schousboe JT, Ensrud K, LeBlanc ES, Buysse DJ. Heightened sleep propensity: a novel and high-risk sleep health phenotype in older adults. Sleep Health 2019; 5:630-638. [PMID: 31678177 PMCID: PMC6993140 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reveal sleep health phenotypes in older adults and examine their associations with time to 5-year all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohorts. SETTING The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures and Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study. PARTICIPANTS N = 1722 men and women aged ≥65 years matched 1:1 on sociodemographic and clinical measures. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported habitual sleep health characteristics (satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, timing, efficiency, and duration) measured at an initial visit and longitudinal follow-up for mortality. RESULTS Latent class analysis revealed 3 sleep health phenotypes: (1) heightened sleep propensity (HSP; medium to long duration, high sleepiness, high efficiency/satisfaction; n = 322), (2) average sleep (AS; medium duration, average efficiency, high satisfaction, low sleepiness; n = 1,109), and (3) insomnia with short sleep (ISS; short to medium duration, low efficiency/satisfaction, moderate sleepiness; n = 291). Phenotype predicted time to all-cause mortality (χ2 = 9.4, P = .01), with HSP conferring greater risk than AS (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.48 [1.15-1.92]) or ISS (1.52 [1.07-2.17]), despite ISS reporting the poorest mental and physical health. Although sex did not formally moderate the relationship between phenotype and mortality, subgroup analyses indicated that these findings were driven primarily by women. Phenotype did not predict cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS These analyses support the utility of examining multidimensional sleep health profiles by suggesting that the combination of long sleep, high efficiency/satisfaction, and daytime sleepiness-previously identified as independent risk factors-may be components of a single high-risk sleep phenotype, HSP. Further investigation of sex differences and the mechanisms underlying mortality risk associated with HSP is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, 130 De Soto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - S Lee
- School of Aging Studies, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - M H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - K L Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, Mission Hall, Second Floor, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - L Langsetmo
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - S Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Clinic and Health Partners Institute, HealthPartners Inc, 3311 Old Shakopee Road, Bloomington, MN 55425, USA
| | - K Ensrud
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S 2nd St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 E River Pkwy, VCRC Suite 131, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - E S LeBlanc
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research NW, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227-1098, USA
| | - D J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Carroll KA, Wallace ML, Hill TL, Bartges JW, Ruby JL, Mulder AT, Helmick JI. Pyloric outflow obstruction secondary to sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis in a dog. Aust Vet J 2019; 98:11-16. [PMID: 31667833 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old, male neutered mixed breed dog was presented emergently with a three-week history of hyporexia, vomiting, diarrhoea and weight loss. Upon examination, the patient was dull, had generalised muscle atrophy, moderate abdominal pain and a mild amount of peritoneal effusion. A fluid-filled, distended, corrugated small bowel with marked gastroparesis and moderate peritoneal effusion was noted on abdominal ultrasonography. Endoscopy revealed hyperaemic and friable mucosa and a subjectively narrowed pylorus. Emergency exploratory celiotomy was performed due to worsening patient condition and revealed thick, diffuse, fibrous adhesions of the abdominal cavity. Based on these findings, sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) was suspected. A large mass of omentum adjacent to the greater curvature of the stomach had caused a pyloric outflow obstruction. Adhesiolysis was attempted but was unsuccessful due to the friability of the small intestines. The dog was humanely euthanased under anaesthesia. A diagnosis of SEP was confirmed via necropsy. No underlying cause was identified. This is the first known case of a pyloric outflow obstruction secondary to SEP in a dog. Although rare, this condition should be considered as a differential for dogs with signs of a pyloric outflow obstruction with concurrent ascites and abdominal pain, hyporexia, vomiting and diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Carroll
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - M L Wallace
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - T L Hill
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - J W Bartges
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - J L Ruby
- Department of Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - A T Mulder
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - J I Helmick
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - M L Wallace
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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7
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Stone KL, Blackwell T, Ancoli-Israel S, Ensrud KE, Kado DM, Wallace ML, Cawthon PM, Buysse DJ. SLEEP HEALTH AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K L Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - T Blackwell
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - K E Ensrud
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D M Kado
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M L Wallace
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - P M Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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8
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Wallace ML. STATISTICAL APPROACHES FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL SLEEP HEALTH: APPLICATION TO ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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9
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Germain A, Lynch G, Khan H, McNamee R, Oh C, Wallace ML, Milad M, Pace-Schott EF. 0115 Do Theta Power and other Baseline REM Sleep Parameters Predict Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Extinction Recall in Healthy Adults? Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Germain
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - G Lynch
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H Khan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - R McNamee
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C Oh
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M L Wallace
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E F Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Soreca I, Wallace ML, Hall MH, Hasler BP, Frank E, Kupfer DJ. The association between meal timing and frequency with cardiometabolic profile in patients with bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:453-8. [PMID: 27084394 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to explore the association of timing of and frequency of meals with markers of cardiometabolic risk in patients with bipolar disorder in out-patient maintenance treatment. METHODS We used Pittsburgh Sleep Diary and actigraphy measures for individuals with bipolar I disorder. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine whether dinnertime, instability of dinnertime, and/or interval between meals were associated with metabolic syndrome and its components. RESULTS Later dinnertime was associated with greater waist circumference (β = 0.25, P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, sex, dinner-to-bed interval, and sleep duration. Longer breakfast-to-lunch intervals were also associated with greater waist circumferences (β =-.35, P = .002) after adjusting for age, sex, and sleep duration. Neither instability of dinnertime nor number of meals per day was associated with the metabolic syndrome or its components. CONCLUSION Weight gain is often perceived as inevitable side-effect of medications. While patients often need to be on medication to function, a more careful lifestyle assessment with attention to social rhythms and timing of activities may be critical not only for mood stability, but also to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soreca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M L Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D J Kupfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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11
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Wallace ML. Time-dependent tree-structured survival analysis with unbiased variable selection through permutation tests. Stat Med 2014; 33:4790-804. [PMID: 25043382 DOI: 10.1002/sim.6261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating time-dependent covariates into tree-structured survival analysis (TSSA) may result in more accurate prognostic models than if only baseline values are used. Available time-dependent TSSA methods exhaustively test every binary split on every covariate; however, this approach may result in selection bias toward covariates with more observed values. We present a method that uses unbiased significance levels from newly proposed permutation tests to select the time-dependent or baseline covariate with the strongest relationship with the survival outcome. The specific splitting value is identified using only the selected covariate. Simulation results show that the proposed time-dependent TSSA method produces tree models of equal or greater accuracy as compared to baseline TSSA models, even with high censoring rates and large within-subject variability in the time-dependent covariate. To illustrate, the proposed method is applied to data from a cohort of bipolar youths to identify subgroups at risk for self-injurious behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Departments of Psychiatry and Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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12
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Soreca I, Wallace ML, Frank E, Hasler BP, Levenson JC, Kupfer DJ. Sleep duration is associated with dyslipidemia in patients with bipolar disorder in clinical remission. J Affect Disord 2012; 141:484-7. [PMID: 22578889 PMCID: PMC3612347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathways to increased cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder include health behaviors, psychosocial stress and long-term medication exposure. However, the evidence that the association between cardiovascular risk factors and bipolar disorder remains significant after controlling for these co-factors suggests that additional important risk factors have yet to be identified. Our hypothesis is that disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle are an important and under-recognized pathway through which affective disorders lead to increased cardiovascular risk. METHODS In patients with bipolar disorder type 1 in clinical remission, we: 1) explored whether sleep disturbance predicted the endorsement of NCEP ATP-III criteria for dyslipidemia, independent of other lifestyle factors and 2) tested the association between low HDL (NCEP-ATP III) and sleep duration measured with actigraphy over an eight-day period. RESULTS Median sleep duration is significantly associated with low HDL. The risk of having low HDL increases by 1.23 with every 30 minutes of reduced sleep time. LIMITATIONS Since sleep patterns in patients with bipolar disorder are variable and irregular, it is possible that other sleep characteristics, not present during the span of our study, or the variability itself may be what drives the increased cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS Sleep characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder in clinical remission are associated with cardiovascular risk. More specifically, sleep duration was associated with low HDL. Clinicians should pay special attention to sleep hygiene in treating individuals with bipolar disorder, even when they are in clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Soreca
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, USA.
| | - ML Wallace
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Statistics
| | - E Frank
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - BP Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - JC Levenson
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
,University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology
| | - DJ Kupfer
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Abstract
Cutaneous aspergillosis commonly occurs in immunocompromised hosts and may also complicate burn wounds. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PH) is a histologic reaction secondary to a wide range of stimuli, including fungal infection. We describe a case of an 18-year-old man, status-post burns over 70% of his total body surface area, with cutaneous aspergillosis of the axilla and secondary PH. A single case of PH secondary to primary aspergillosis has been described in the larynx but, to our knowledge, has never been described cutaneously. Histologic examination of the lesion reveals an irregularly acanthotic epidermis with deep invaginations within the dermis. There is an intense inflammatory reaction within the superficial and deep dermis. Numerous fungal forms are identified within the dermis. Special stains demonstrate septate hyphae with dichotomous branching, which is morphologically consistent with Aspergillus. Therefore, we conclude that cutaneous aspergillosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of PH, especially in a patient population at risk for this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goel
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia, 1101 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Lanning DA, Diegelmann RF, Yager DR, Wallace ML, Bagwell CE, Haynes JH. Myofibroblast induction with transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta3 in cutaneous fetal excisional wounds. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35:183-7; discussion 187-8. [PMID: 10693663 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(00)90007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE In a noncontractile fetal rabbit model, the authors recently have shown the induction of excisional wound contraction with sustained-release cellulose implants formulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the excisional wound contraction in this model is associated with the induction of myofibroblasts in the surrounding dermis, demonstrated by the presence of alpha-smooth muscle actin. METHODS Cellulose discs were formulated with either 1.0 microg of TGF-beta1 (n = 6); 1.0 microg of TGF-beta3 (n = 9); 10 microg of TGF-beta3 (n = 6); or their carrier protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA; n = 9), for sustained-release over 5 days. Each disc was implanted into a subcutaneous pocket on the back of a fetal New Zealand White rabbit in utero on day 24 of gestation (term, 31 days). A full-thickness, 3-mm excisional wound (7.4 mm2) was then made next to the implanted cellulose disc. All fetuses were harvested at 3 days. The amount of alpha-smooth muscle (SM) actin in the dermis around the implants and wounds was determined using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS Excisional wounds exposed to 1.0 microg of TGF-beta1 (5.6+/-2.0 mm2), 1.0 microg of TGF-beta3 (6.9+/-1.0 mm2), and 10 microg of TGF-beta3 (2.7+/-1.0 mm2) were significantly smaller when compared with the BSA control group (12.8+/-1.1 mm2; P<.05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in staining for alpha-SM actin in the TGF-beta1 (1.8+/-0.5) and 10 microg TGF-beta3 (2.8+/-0.2) groups in comparison with the scant staining in the BSA control group (0.5+/-0.2; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS TGF-beta1 and -beta3 induce alpha-SM actin and contraction of cutaneous excisional wounds in a fetal noncontractile model. This model of inducible cutaneous excisional wound contraction may be useful in further determining the role of the myofibroblast in wound contraction and the physiology underlying this poorly understood aspect of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lanning
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA
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Aleman CT, Wallace ML, Blaylock WK, Garrett AB. Subcutaneous nodules caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa without sepsis. Cutis 1999; 63:161-3. [PMID: 10190067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection can cause a wide array of skin manifestations. While some infections are mild, as are the cases with hot tub folliculitis and toe web or nail infection, others are a result of sepsis and can be fatal without prompt treatment. The classic skin finding of P. aeruginosa sepsis is Ecthyma gangrenosum, but other signs such as papules, petechiae, and hemorrhagic bullae can also be seen. Suppurative panniculitis can also be caused by P. aeruginosa sepsis and clinically manifests as solitary or multiple subcutaneous nodules. Reports in the literature describe these nodules in the setting of clinical sepsis or with positive blood cultures. We report a case of localized subcutaneous nodules on the leg caused by P. aeruginosa in a patient without sepsis or positive blood cultures. The source of the infection was thought to be from a traumatic inoculation. This raises the possibility that P. aeruginosa can cause subcutaneous nodules from a localized infection, perhaps via lymphangitic spread without the manifestations of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Aleman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond 23298-0164, USA
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Abstract
The etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) are largely unknown. To investigate whether the pathologic alteration in IGH involves changes in melanocytic differentiation, cell number, or both, we studied nine lesions of IGH by immunoperoxidase, using monoclonal antibodies against the KIT receptor and a panel of melanocyte differentiation antigens (tyrosinase-related protein-1, tyrosinase, and gp100/pme117). In each case, compared with grossly normal non-lesional skin, IGH lesions showed markedly reduced numbers both of KIT+ cells and of cells expressing melanocyte differentiation antigens (p < 0.0001). Double immunofluorescence labeling of lesions revealed only scattered cells with a less-differentiated phenotype, i.e. cells positive for KIT but having low or undetectable TRP-1. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of IGH involves an absolute decrease in the number of melanocytes; a block in melanocyte differentiation does not appear to be a major component of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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17
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Abstract
In some situations, hair growth is under hormonal control. Androgenic alopecia is characterized as hormonally driven hair loss in the genetically susceptible individual. During pregnancy, hair growth is increased, as estrogen appears to prolong the anagen phase. However, postpartum hair loss is common, and thus may be related to a decrease in estrogen and or progesterone levels. In contrast, alopecia areata is not considered to be under hormonal control. We compared the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of nine cases of androgenic alopecia with those of 13 cases of alopecia areata using estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) markers. Estrogen receptor positivity in the dermal papilla was found in only two of 13 cases of alopecia areata, and in one case of androgenic alopecia. Six of 13 cases of alopecia areata demonstrated focal reactivity with the progesterone marker in a similar location, while only three cases of androgenic alopecia showed positivity with this antibody. Examination of the perifollicular fibroblasts for the ER marker showed positivity in one of 13 cases of alopecia areata and in one case of androgenic alopecia. Two cases of alopecia areata revealed focal staining in this location for the PR marker, while the androgenic alopecia cases failed to stain. These results indicate that estrogen and progesterone receptor expression is not significantly increased or decreased in the pilosebaceous units or surrounding mesenchymal cells in androgenic alopecia vs. alopecia areata. Therefore, an indirectly mediated process of estrogen/progesterone control on hair growth and development must be presumed for cases of androgenic alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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18
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Wallace ML, Smoller BR. Trichoepithelioma with an adjacent basal cell carcinoma, transformation or collision? J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37:343-5. [PMID: 9270544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Trichoepitheliomas (TEs) are benign follicular neoplasms that can be difficult to separate histologically from basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). It is important to make this distinction, because the treatments and prognoses differ for the two lesions. Previous reports have employed both histologic and immunohistochemical data in order to separate these two lesions. It is believed that transformation from a TE to a BCC is a rare event. We describe a case in which a single lesion with features of TE and BCC is present in a patient with multiple lesions of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA
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19
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Abstract
An atypical presentation of squamous cell carcinoma of the mandibular gingiva is presented. This case, along with previously reported cases in the literature, demonstrate the need for thorough intraoral examination and investigation of any unexplained, persistent lesions. Emphasis is placed upon histopathologic examination of such lesions in order to arrive at a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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20
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Wallace ML. ASHP response to FDA reform. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1996; 53:2089-90. [PMID: 8870899 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/53.17.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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21
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Wallace ML, Smoller BR. Differential sensitivity of estrogen/progesterone receptors and BRST-2 markers in metastatic ductal and lobular breast carcinoma to the skin. Am J Dermatopathol 1996; 18:241-7. [PMID: 8806958 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-199606000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases arising from breast carcinoma are quite common. A standard panel of immunohistochemical markers including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and BRST-2 are frequently used in surgical pathology to identify neoplasms with breast differentiation. It is well known that as the grade of a tumor increases, and as tumors lose their differentiation, immunohistochemistry results become more unpredictable in determining possible primary sites of origin. Although previous studies have identified a decrease of ER sensitivity in breast metastases, a possible sensitivity differential of cutaneous metastases of invasive lobular versus invasive ductal carcinoma by using the standard immunohistochemical panel has not been previously reported. With the standard panel, we compared the staining sensitivity of metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma (10 cases) to metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma (four cases) to the skin. ER positivity was identified in one case of metastatic ductal carcinoma and none of the four lobular carcinomas. PR positivity was noted in all cases of metastatic ductal and lobular carcinoma. BRST-2 positivity was found in only two of 10 cases of metastatic ductal carcinoma and all four of four cases of metastatic lobular carcinoma. These results indicate that a differential sensitivity exists for the BRST-2 marker when comparing cutaneous metastases of invasive lobular with invasive ductal carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Apolipoproteins
- Apolipoproteins D
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- Cell Differentiation
- Coloring Agents
- Female
- Glycoproteins/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Membrane Transport Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/secondary
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305, USA
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22
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Abstract
Immunopathology continues to be important in diagnostic dermatopathology. Immunopathology is an invaluable tool for assessing the tissue of origin or direction of differentiation of cells. In some cases this can result in a more precise diagnosis. This article reviews the role of immunopathology in determining the biologic behavior of hematolymphoid infiltrates. It explores the methodology of immunoperoxidase, discusses the most commonly used antibody reagents, and presents a series of diagnostic dilemmas in which immunopathology can be useful. In each case a strategy is established that maximizes the likelihood of making a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA, USA
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23
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Wallace ML, Longacre TA, Smoller BR. Estrogen and progesterone receptors and anti-gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (BRST-2) fail to distinguish metastatic breast carcinoma from eccrine neoplasms. Mod Pathol 1995; 8:897-901. [PMID: 8751328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases of breast carcinoma can be histologically similar to primary skin tumors with eccrine differentiation. We compared the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of 15 metastatic breast carcinoma skin lesions in 12 patients to those of a series of primary eccrine tumors using estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and anti-gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 markers. Anti-gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 positivity was noted in 7 of 15 breast carcinoma skin metastases, 0 of 5 benign eccrine tumors, 1 of 6 microcystic adnexal carcinomas, and 1 of 1 metastatic sweat gland adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor positivity was found in 1 of 15 metastatic breast carcinoma skin lesions, 0 of 5 benign eccrine tumors, 2 of 8 microcystic adnexal carcinomas, and 1 of 1 metastatic sweat gland adenocarcinoma. Progesterone receptor positivity was identified in 15 of 15 metastatic breast carcinoma skin lesions, 2 of 5 benign eccrine tumors, 5 of 8 microcystic adnexal carcinomas, and 1 of 1 metastatic sweat gland adenocarcinomas. These results indicate that standard immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and gross cystic fluid protein-15 markers will not reliably distinguish primary (or metastatic) eccrine tumors from cutaneous metastases of breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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24
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Abstract
Syringomas may be at least partially under estrogen and/or progesterone influence, as they are more common in women and are known to proliferate at puberty. During pregnancy and the premenstrual period an increase in tumor size has also been described. We examined nine syringomas using immunohistochemical markers for estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. Scattered tumor cells displaying nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for ER were noted in one of the nine cases. Intense nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for PR was noted in most (> 80%) of the neoplastic cells in 8/9 syringoma cases. Current immunohistochemical evidence supports the theory that syringomas are under hormonal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, CA 94305 USA
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25
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Wallace ML. Acceptability of a deemed-signed policy for oral orders. Am J Hosp Pharm 1992; 49:1644, 1650. [PMID: 1621713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Abstract
A case of myospherulosis, a condition first reported in 1969, is reported following the extraction of mandibular third molars and subsequent placement of Terra-Cortril and Gelfoam into the extraction sites. The lesions were discovered during a periodontal surgical procedure and to the best of our knowledge this is the first such report in the periodontal literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Wallace
- Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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27
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Wallace ML. On being a patient: the other side of the blankets. Nurs Times 1970; 66:51-2. [PMID: 5410534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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