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Mohammed SM, Hashim ZH, Hussein MM, Al-Mayah QS. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction: correlation with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). J Med Life 2023; 16:799-805. [PMID: 37520481 PMCID: PMC10375342 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use can induce psychosis resembling acute schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, making it challenging to differentiate between the two based on symptoms alone. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts a critical role in hippocampal neural plasticity, influencing critical cognitive functions such as memory and learning. This study aimed to determine the role of serum BDNF levels in schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction. A case-control study was conducted involving 50 patients with schizophrenia, 50 patients with methamphetamine addiction, and 50 healthy control subjects recruited from Ibn-Rushed Psychiatric Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), while serum BDNF levels were measured using ELISA following standardized protocols. The findings revealed significantly lower median levels of BDNF (0.36 pg/ml) in patients with schizophrenia compared to both the control group (0.51 pg/ml) and the methamphetamine group (0.72 pg/ml). Moreover, there was a significant difference observed between the methamphetamine group and the control group. At a cut-off value of BDNF=0.37 pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of BDNF in differentiating between schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction were 84% and 70%, respectively. Serum level of BDNF could be used to differentiate between schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction when clinical distinctions are challenging to detect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zainab Hassan Hashim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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2
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Abed SS, Hamdan FB, Hussein MM, Al-Mayah QS. Plasma tau and neurofilament light chain as biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and their relation to cognitive functions. J Med Life 2023; 16:284-289. [PMID: 36937471 PMCID: PMC10015560 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is the most frequent cause of neurodegenerative dementia. The cognitive and behavioral symptoms associated with this disorder often have overlapping characteristics, potentially resulting in delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. This study aimed to assess the level of peripheral blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) and total tau (t-tau) protein in AD patients and investigate their relationship with cognitive impairment. The study included 80 participants of both sexes between the ages of 60 to 85 years. The participants were divided into two groups, consisting of 40 individuals in the control group (mean age 75±6.6 years) who had no cognitive or functional impairments and 40 AD patients (mean age 74.98±5.03 years). This study utilized the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for major or mild neurocognitive disorder attributed to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The clinical and biochemical features of all participants were documented, and the Alzheimer's disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) scores were evaluated. Sandwich ELISA was employed to determine serum NfL and t-tau protein levels. The median serum NfL and t-tau protein levels in AD patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (47.84 pg/ml versus 17.66 pg/ml and 12.05 pg/ml versus 11.13 pg/ml, respectively). Age was positively correlated with NfL, t-tau levels, and ADAS-cog. Although elevated NfL and t-tau protein levels may play a role in disease progression, their diagnostic value for AD was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiruldeen Sami Abed
- Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq
- Corresponding Author: Sadiruldeen Sami Abed, Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail:
| | - Farqad Bader Hamdan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
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3
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Abstract
Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 23 of 205 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, an incidence of 11%. Seventeen patients (74%) were females. It was characterised clinically by a very insidious onset, the main symptoms being anorexia, loss of weight, and low-grade fever. There were extrapulmonary presentations in 18 of the 23 patients (78%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis predominated in the extrapulmonary form (55%) with peritoneal involvement coming second in frequency (16%). Pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in five patients (21.7%), four of them presenting with pleural effusions. Total white cell and differential count was normal in all patients studied. Most of the patients developed the disease about 1 year from the start of their dialysis treatment. With early therapy all patients survived their tuberculous disease and no recurrence was seen in up to 5 years follow-up. Despite earlier reports of high mortality we suggest that awareness of the increased incidence of tuberculosis in dialysis patients, together with its unusual presentation and consequent early diagnosis, results in a very good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Thompson FD, Joekes AM, Hussein MM. Monotherapy with labetalol for hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 8 Suppl 2:129S-33S. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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5
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Hussein MM, Ibrahim AA, Abdella HM, Montasser IF, Hassan MI. Evaluation of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a novel biomarker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients. Indian J Cancer 2009; 45:167-72. [PMID: 19112206 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.44666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world. In Egypt, HCC was reported to account for about 4.7% of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) has been reported to be strongly expressed in HCC tissue hampering its extensive use in clinical practice. AIM To evaluate the clinical usefulness of serum SCCA levels as a serological marker for early detection of HCC among high-risk patients compared to AFP. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised of three groups. Group A included 30 patients with CLD diagnosed based on clinical, laboratory, and ultrasonographical investigations; group B included 49 patients with HCC diagnostically confirmed by spiral CT, elevated alfafetoprotein (AFP), and/or liver biopsy; and group C, the control group, included 15 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. All groups were subjected to thorough history taking, full clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including liver functions, viral markers, and AFP and SCCA estimation using ELISA technique. RESULTS This study revealed a highly significant difference between patients with HCC, CLD, and controls regarding serum SCCA levels (5.138 +/- 7.689, 1.133 +/- 0.516, and 0.787 +/- 0.432 ng/ml, respectively). SCCA level was persistently elevated in patients with HCC with normal AFP levels representing its useful role in early detection and follow-up of patients treated for HCC. The area under the curve (AUC) of SCCA was 0.869 (95% CI 0.783-0.929), the cut-off value was established at 1.5 ng/ml with sensitivity of 77.6% and specificity of 84.4%). The difference between AUC of SCCA and that of AFP was 0.09 which mounted statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS SCCA could represent a useful tool as a marker for detection of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Hussein MM, Yousif AA, Saeed AM. Serum Levels of Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Magnesium in Asthmatic Patients: a Case Control Study. Sud Jnl Med Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.4314/sjms.v3i1.38512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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7
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Elghazali M, Wasfi IA, Al Katheeri NA, Hadi AAA, Hussein MM. The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of etamiphylline in camels after intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002; 25:43-8. [PMID: 11874526 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of etamiphylline were determined after an intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight in six healthy camels. Furthermore, the metabolites and drug detection time were evaluated. The data obtained median and (range) were as follows: the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta), h) was 3.04 (2.03-3.62); apparent total body clearance (Cl/F, L/h/kg) was 1.27 (0.74-2.99); the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)/F, L/kg) was 4.94 (3.57-12.54); and renal clearance (Cl(r), L/h/kg) determined in two camels was 0.005 and 0.004, respectively. The detection time of etamiphylline in urine after an i.m. dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight ranged between 12 and 13 days. Three etamiphylline metabolites were tentatively identified in camels urine: The first one desethyletamiphylline was the main metabolite and resulted from N-deethylation of etamiphylline had a molecular weight of 251, and was detected in urine for about 13-14 days. Theophylline (molecular weight 180) was the second metabolite and resulted from ring N-dealkylation of etamiphylline. It was present in small amounts and was detected for about 5 h after drug administration in urine. The third metabolite, possibly resulted from demethylation of etamiphylline, had a molecular weight of m/z 265, and was present in small amounts and was detected in urine for about 5 h after drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elghazali
- Camelracing Laboratory, Forensic Science Laboratory, PO Box 253, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We report on a renal transplant patient with recurrent attacks of fever, in which Salmonella septicemia as well as visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed. PATIENT The patient was a 62-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and a living related kidney transplantation. RESULTS Nearly 2 years after the transplantation, the patient developed recurrent attacks of fever, which were initially diagnosed as non-typhoid salmonellosis and improved after treatment. Three months later, he had relapses of fever. As the patient developed pancytopenia, a bone marrow aspiration was done, showing Leishmania parasites. The patient responded well to treatment with sodium stibogluconate. CONCLUSIONS A high index of suspicion, together with better diagnostic assays to detect visceral leishmaniasis, is warranted in the diagnostic work-up of any fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients, especially in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh HM. Regression of Post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma after Replacing Cyclosporine with Mycophenolate Mofetil. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2001; 12:42-44. [PMID: 18209359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been recently linked with human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) infection. Other risk factors include the use of cyclosporine and polyclonal anti-lymphocyte sera. Reduction of the immunosuppression, in particular cyclosporine, leads to regression or disappearance of the tumor in a significant number of patients. There are few publications about the response of the tumor to the newer immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). We describe here a 52-year-old woman, who developed KS 22 months after living related transplantation. The sarcoma lesions disappeared after replacing cyclosporine and azathioprine by MMF, while the allograft function remained stable. This case suggests the importance of discontinuation of cyclosporine in the treatment of post-transplant KS. MMF, while maintaining allograft function in the absence of cyclosporine, apparently did not interfere with the regression of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Abstract
An epizootic of the fungal infection saprolegniosis that occurred in freshwater-cultured salmons and their eggs at some hatcheries in Hokkaido (Japan) was investigated. In almost all cases, the initial clinical sign was characterized by the growth of cotton-like mycelia on the fishs' body surface, especially the head, adipose fin, and caudal fin, but the mycelia were not visible to the naked eye in the internal organs. Thirty-three strains isolated from lesions were classified in the genus Saprolegnia according to their morphological and biological characteristics on hemp seed cultures at various temperatures. Fifteen of the strains were identified as Saprolegnia parasitica, 16 were identified as S. salmonis, and two were identified as S. australis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Division of Fish Diseases, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh HM. Regression of post-transplant Kaposi sarcoma after discontinuing cyclosporin and giving mycophenolate mofetil instead. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15:1103-4. [PMID: 10862670 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/15.7.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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12
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Abstract
Infection of prosthetic vascular grafts, although infrequent, is a dreadful complication in vascular surgery. It is a challenge for the surgeon and is life- and limb-threatening to the patient. Conventionally, infection involving a foreign body is eradicated by removing the foreign body. Despite its theoretical appeal, this solution is fraught with danger--a high mortality rate that ranges between 10% and 30%, a high rate of protracted postoperative morbidity, and a limb amputation rate as high as 70%. The salvage of infected prosthetic vascular grafts by prompt soft-tissue coverage with transposition muscle flaps in 3 consecutive patients treated during a period of 12 years is the subject of this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Atiyeh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
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13
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Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh H. Hypertension in pregnancy: presentation, management and outcome - a retrospective analysis of 135 cases. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 1998; 9:416-424. [PMID: 18408311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of continuous controversies regarding hypertension in pregnancy and lack of reports on this subject in Saudi Arabia, we retrospectively studied 135 episodes of hypertension in pregnancy in 123 patients over a 9-years period. Fifty-one (37.8%) were primiparas, the remaining were multiparas from 2 nd up to 14 11 pregnancy. Of the multiparas, 44% had a history of pregnancy induced hypertension, 26% of chronic hypertension, and 13% of diabetes mellitus. " HELLP"-syndrome occurred in nine and eclampsia in four pregnancies. There were 10 foetal deaths, eight of them presented on admission. Chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus approached significance as risk factors for foetal death (logistic regression analysis). For the whole group, the time of delivery was the only factor with significant impact on the Apgar score (multiple regression analysis), with an additional negative influence of diabetes mellitus and intravenous hydralazine in the multiparas. When the patients with chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus were not included, hydralazine lost its significance. The finding suggests that intravenous hydralazine should be given in multiparas with caution, particularly in the presence of chronic hypertension and diabetes mellitus. There was a significant relation of the birth weight to the time of delivery, the serum levels of total protein and, especially in multiparas, of uric acid, confirming the importance of these factors as markers of the severity of pregnancy induced hypertension. The hypertension persisted in patients not known to have chronic hypertension in 9.6% of pregnancies during a follow-up ranging from 2 months up to 9 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Hussein MM, Mooij JM. Prevention of acute renal failure. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 1998; 9:237-246. [PMID: 18408296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Atiyeh BS, Hussein MM, Tayim AM, Zaatari AM, Fakih RR. Early microvascular reconstruction of Gustilo type III-C lower extremity wound. Case report. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg 1997; 31:351-5. [PMID: 9444713 DOI: 10.3109/02844319709008983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Current algorithms for lower limb injuries recommend amputation for most Gustilo type III-C injuries with a limb salvage index score of 6-8 or more. Recent improvements in the timing and technique of microvascular flaps with the reduction in bone healing time as a result of better fixation devices and early bone grafting make the option of limb salvage after such severe injuries a valid and acceptable therapeutic approach. We present a case of severe shot gun injury to the leg with a limb salvage index score of 9 that was successfully salvaged by vascular reconstruction followed three days later with a microvascular osteocutaneous scapular flap anastomosed to the divided limbs of a preliminary arteriovenous fistula that had been constructed at the time of the initial vascular repair. The patient was able to walk unaided one year after the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Atiyeh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
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16
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Bayoumi RA, Dar FK, Tanira MO, Stephen RS, Hussein MM, Hammo NE, Omer RI, Beidas MF, Shalabi A, el-Wasila M. Effect of previous chloroquine intake on in vivo P. falciparum drug sensitivity. East Afr Med J 1997; 74:278-82. [PMID: 9337002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the in vivo response of P. falciparum malaria parasites to chloroquine was conducted during 1993/94 in Al-Ain District of Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE. Sixty seven expatriates who developed falciparum malaria on their return from Pakistan, Oman and Sudan were recruited for the WHO in vivo tests. Of the 67 patients, eight were classified as having RII and RIII responses, while 59 remained aparasitaemic at the end of the seven-day WHO standard test. On continuation into the 28-day WHO extended test, a further 34 patients exhibited RI resistance. Resistance of parasites to chloroquine was confirmed by measurement of plasma chloroquine using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. In all 67 patients, the level of chloroquine was well above the minimum therapeutic level. The outcome of the in vivo test in patients treated for the first time was significantly different from that in patients who were previously on chloroquine. Among patients treated for the first time, 36 out of 41 (88%) had a resistant response, whereas, among those previously on chloroquine only six out of 26 (23%) had a resistant response. The difference is probably due to the higher initial plasma level of chloroquine among patients who were previously on the drug. Curing more patients with higher plasma chloroquine implies that chloroquine shall continue to be useful, particularly if resistance is at the RI level. Appropriate higher therapeutic levels of chloroquine should be defined for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bayoumi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates, University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Younes TA, Hussein MM, Kamal SM, Mahmoud DM, Metwaly SF. Parasitological and bacteriological studies in recurrent diarrhoea in patients with chronic liver diseases. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1996; 26:697-708. [PMID: 8918043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sixty patients with chronic liver disease complaining of persistent or recurrent diarrhoea where studied. The stools were examined by direct smear, formol ether concentration method and modified Ziehl Neelsen technique for Cryptosporidium in addition to stool cultures for enteric pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli. Giardia lamblia was the most prevalent pathogen responsible for diarrhoea in 23.3% of cases followed by Entamoeba histolytica in 21.6%, Schistosoma mansoni in 5% and Hymenolepis nana and Ascaris lumbricoides in 1.6%. Concerning bacteria, Salmonella was detected (10%), Shigella (6.7%) and E. coli (13.3%). In conclusion, Cryptosporidium was not a cause of diarrhoea in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Younes
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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19
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Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh H, el-Sayed H. Commercial living-nonrelated renal transplantation: observations on early complications. Transplant Proc 1996; 28:1941-4. [PMID: 8658955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology and Haemodialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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20
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El-Din SS, Haseeb NM, Hussein MM, Abdel Wahab MF, Helmy AZ, El-Sagheer M. Chloramphenicol drug failure in typhoid fever. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 1996; 71:63-78. [PMID: 17217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred positive blood culture typhoid patients admitted to Embaba Fever Hospital, Giza province, were subjected to: 1) Careful history and thorough clinical examination. 2) Complete blood picture. 3) Widal agglutination test. 4) Urine and stool cultures for Salmonellae. 5) To the isolates of the cultures, disk diffusion chloramphenicol susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentrations and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase test were performed. The dose of chloramphenicol was restricted to 50 mg per Kg body weight daily, whatever the route used; whether oral, rectal or intravenous. When fever did not drop up to 5 days or the patient presented with typhoid complications or the blood culture revealed resistant Salmonellae, quinolones or third generation, cephalosporins were administered. Measurement of the level of chloramphenicol in the blood was performed for every patient. Fifty (25%) patients were found to be resistant in vitro and in vivo to chloramphenicol. All their Salmonellae isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, the mean zone size was 10 mm, the mean inhibitory concentration was 64 microgram per ml. and all were positive for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. There was no significant difference in the serum level of chloramphenicol between susceptible and resistant groups to the drug. Results were interpreted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S El-Din
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo
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Abstract
We present our experience at the American University of Beirut Medical Center with two diabetic patients suffering from large necrotic and infected foot ulcers. Both patients were ambulatory at the time of presentation despite their extensive wounds and were believed to have a useful limb with adequate protective sensation worth saving. Below-knee amputation was prevented in both cases by successful soft-tissue coverage of the ulcers using microvascular composite-tissue transfer a few days after performing a preliminary arteriovenous fistula with a long vein graft loop. The flap vessels were anastomosed end-to-end to the arterial and venous limbs of the divided arteriovenous loop. This reconstructive technique of difficult diabetic wounds of the lower extremity, though in two stages, may be safer than one long procedure in a high-risk patient. It is technically easier than long interpositional vein grafts at the same time as free-flap transfer or microvascular anastomoses with small and diseased vessels. It definitely provides more chance of success as larger vessels are used to supply the flap. It permits distension of the vein graft at normotensive physiologic pressures and allows testing the arterial anastomosis as well as the venous flow before final flap transfer. Above all, it allows extreme freedom in performing tension-free anastomoses away from the infected wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Atiyeh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon
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22
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Abstract
In contrast to Europe and the USA, data concerning dialysis treatment in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia are lacking. We therefore studied 325 patients (150 females and 175 males) in one dialysis centre over a 13-year period. The number of primary renal diseases of uncertain aetiology and of pyelo/interstital nephritis caused by renal stone disease was high (46% and 4.9% resp.), that of diabetic nephropathy (14.8%) not much different from EDTA figures, while adult polycystic kidney disease was seen in only four patients (1.2%, versus EDTA: 5.5%). Sixty-one percent needed antihypertensive medication to control the blood pressure, less than reported by the EDTA. Nineteen patients (5.8%) had pericarditis, 38% radiographic signs of renal bone disease and eight patients required parathyroidectomy. Only two patients had carpal tunnel syndrome. Over the 13-year period the number of HBsAg-positive patients was 14%, reflecting the high prevalence of this disease in the country, but in the last 4-5 years the incidence dropped markedly (3% in 1993). In 1993, 40% of the 67 patients on dialysis had hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies of which 19 (70%) were HCV-RNA positive. Although tuberculosis (mainly extra-pulmonary) was common (9.2%), no patient died because of this disease. Cardiovascular factors contributed in the same degree to the causes of death as in Europe: 63% versus 62%. One hundred and fourteen patients (35%) had a successful kidney transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology and Haemodialysis, Al Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi-Arabia
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23
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Hussein MM, Ahmed MM, Fayed M. Factors affecting C3 in intestinal schistosomiasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1993; 23:769-773. [PMID: 8308353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Complement component C3 was investigated in sera of a group of schistosomal patients free from obvious nephritis. C3 was studied in relation to S. mansoni egg count, presence of HBsAg, and liver functions. C3 level was low in schistosomal patients than normal individuals. Levels were low in both HBsAg --ve and HBsAG +ve schistosomal patients. No significant difference was found between HBsAg --ve and HBsAg +ve in one hand, and between patients with egg counts more than 400 and those with egg counts less than 400 eggs/1 gr as regards level of C3 on the other hand. Presence of ascites did not affect C3 concentration. Positive correlation was found with Serum albumin, but not with prothrombin concentration serum alkaline phosphatase or serum transaminases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dar FK, Bayoumi R, al Karmi T, Shalabi A, Beidas F, Hussein MM. Status of imported malaria in a control zone of the United Arab Emirates bordering an area of unstable malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1993; 87:617-9. [PMID: 8296356 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(93)90261-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A concerted malaria eradication programme in the United Arab Emirates has reduced local transmission to only a very few small foci in the country. The Al Ain district is now a consolidation zone. However, transmission across the undemarcated border with Oman continues. Malaria imported by the large immigrant work force from major disease endemic areas remains a large burden. An added threat is the appearance of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum principally from Sudan and Pakistan but increasingly amongst Omani cases seen in the hospitals and clinics in Al Ain. The implications of re-introduction of malaria and the establishment of chloroquine resistance, particularly for non-immune residents and visitors, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Dar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain
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25
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Ragab FA, Hussein MM, Hanna MM, Hassan GS, Kenawy SA. Synthesis, anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities of certain new furochromones. Pharmazie 1993; 48:808-11. [PMID: 8295910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Some new substituted thiazolidinones, thioimidazolidinones and thiazolines have been synthesized from N1-substituted N2-(4-hydroxy-7-methyl-5H-furo[3,2-g] [1]benzopyran-5-on-9-yl)thioureas and monochloroacetic acid or alpha-halocarbonyl compounds. Some representative examples were tested for their anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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26
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Hussein MM, Mooij JM, Roujouleh H. Cyclosporine in the treatment of lupus nephritis including two patients treated during pregnancy. Clin Nephrol 1993; 40:160-3. [PMID: 8403571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the combination of corticosteroids and intermittent pulse doses of cyclophosphamide has considerably improved the prognosis of lupus nephritis, there are still some unanswered questions about this regimen, in particular its use in pregnancy. As cyclosporine appeared to be effective in experimental models of lupus nephritis, some studies have been performed using this drug in patients with lupus nephritis. However, there was no mention of pregnancy in these patients. In view of the large experience with cyclosporine during pregnancy in renal transplant recipients and its established safety concerning teratogenicity, we decided to treat 5 young female patients having lupus nephritis with cyclosporine in combination with low-dose prednisone. Two of these patients were pregnant and both had successful delivery. During the follow-up period of 7-35 months there were no signs of flare-up of the lupus nephritis, except in one case where the patient accidentally discontinued the medication. In a second patient there was a slight increase of the serum creatinine level. Otherwise, the renal and immunological parameters improved or remained stable during the observation period. Hypertension developed in 3 cases. These preliminary results support the further evaluation of cyclosporine as an alternative to cyclophosphamide in the treatment of lupus nephritis, especially in young female patients with pregnancy or at high risk for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Department of Nephrology, Al Hada Hospital, Taif, Saudi-Arabia
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27
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Fayad ME, Farrag AM, Hussein MM, Amer NA. Studies on chronic liver diseases in patients with and without Toxoplasma latent infection. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1992; 22:807-15. [PMID: 1431299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases mainly due to schistosomiasis is a common clinical feature in Egypt. On the other hand, Toxoplasma latent infection is another common feature. In this paper, it was aimed to study the role of Toxoplasma latent infection in patients with chronic liver diseases mainly due to schistosomiasis. The latent Toxoplasma infection was measured by the positivity of IgG to ELISA and the negativity of IgM to DS-ELISA. The cellular immunity was assessed by the dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin test. The clinical and the laboratory studies showed that latent Toxoplasma infection had no marked effect on the progression of the chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fayad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ain Shams, Egypt
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Massoud A, Massoud M, Saleh A, Shahin M, Abu Gabal HA, Hussein MM, el-Fekhfakh EA, Ismail IA. Antiparietal cell antibodies in gastritis associated with chronic liver diseases. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1989; 19:239-45. [PMID: 2708856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thirty patients with gastritis associated with chronic liver disease and ten normal controls were the subject of this study. Pathologically about 18 were diagnosed as chronic atrophic gastritis, 10 as chronic superficial gastritis, 1 as gastric atrophy and 1 as hypertrophic gastritis. Parietal cell antibodies (PCA) were detected (IFA) in 2 cases with no significant relation.
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30
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Abstract
Severe hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia and pre-renal uraemia were seen in two burn victims who were treated with repeated submersion in tap-water. A primary loss of salt through the burned surface area into the whirlpool bathwater has been documented in both cases. All these abnormalities have been partially corrected by adding salt to the whirlpool water. To our knowledge no similar documented cases exist in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Said
- Department of Medicine, Al Hada Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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31
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Hussein MM, Fayad ME, Khalil I, Ashour MM, Wahib AA. The IgE in sera and ascitic fluids of Egyptian patients with bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1986; 16:617-20. [PMID: 3782914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Madwar MA, Ashour MM, Shabrawy LO, el-Tawil A, Hussein MM. Treatment of ascites by continuous ultrafiltration and reinfusion of protein concentrate. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1986; 16:653-60. [PMID: 3097172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Constable AR, Hussein MM, Albrecht MP, Thompson FD, Philalithis PE, Joekes AM. Single sample estimates of renal clearances. Br J Urol 1985; 57:483. [PMID: 4027521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1985.tb06317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Massoud A, Hafez AS, Hussein MM, Abdel Karim AH, el Nahaal A. Pharmacokinetic studies on praziquantel and oxamniquine in intestinal schistosomiasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1984; 14:599-608. [PMID: 6512306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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35
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Hussein MM, Abdel-Gawad EM. Protease and amylase activities of Aspergillus flavus grown on hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons. Biotechnol Bioeng 1983; 25:3197-9. [PMID: 18548649 DOI: 10.1002/bit.260251231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Hussein
- Laboratory of Natural Products National Research Centre Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Madwar MA, El-Fekhakh EA, Montasser MF, Hussein MM, Ahmed MS, Ahmed SE. Effect of oxamniquine and praziquantel on cell mediated immunity in intestinal bilharziasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1983; 13:277-83. [PMID: 6631107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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37
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Chowdhary UM, Carey PC, Hussein MM. Total care of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) patients: an optimistic approach. Ir Med J 1979; 72:512-5. [PMID: 541203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Mackay DA, Hussein MM. Large-bore coated columns for sampling and concentration of organic volatiles in air, headspace and water analysis. J Chromatogr A 1979; 176:291-303. [PMID: 546917 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)89447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Large-bore coated (LBC) columns were used as sampling and concentrating traps in analyses for traces of organic volatiles in air and water. This simple technique utilizes long metal columns thinly coated with SE-30 for direct trapping of the organics. The sample is simply passed through the LBC column; the trapped organics are then thermally desorbed onto a conventional porous polymer pre-column or onto a second LBC column. If desired, this can be shorter or narrower bore than the initial LBC sampling column. The sample is finally desorbed onto the gas chromatographic column for analysis. Multiple transfers between LBC columns are possible, with increased concentration at each transfer, resulting in a "concentration pump" effect. The technique offers the advantages of great simplicity, efficiency and ease of sample transfer. Samples are obtained with low back-pressure and minimal interfering artifacts. The system shows almost complete imperturbability to moisture. Indifference to moisture and the low back-pressure enable direct sampling of very large volumes of air and even breath. Direct sampling of aqueous systems was also possible. The latter area was not fully investigated but offers potential for water pollution analysis and in direct examination of biological fluids and aqueous flavor extracts where heat sensitivity is a problem. With LBC columns the sampling and concentration sequence exposes the substances sought to no more drastic conditions than those they will be subjected to in the process of gas chromatographic analysis.
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Abstract
A controlled clinical trial of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (E.A.C.A.), 36 g/day, was undertaken to assess its effectiveness in reducing immediate recurrence in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (S.A.H.) proved by lumbar puncture. Of 83 patients treated with E.A.C.A., 3 (4%) had recurrent haemorrhage, and 1 (33%) of these died. Of 82 control patients who were not given any antifibrinolytic drug, 22 (26%) had recurrent haemorrhage, and 10 (45%) of these patients died. E.A.C.A. produced a striking reduction in the early recurrence of S.A.H. No serious side-effect resulted.
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Abstract
Thirty adult patients were investigated with 36 125I Hippuran and 40 51Cr EDTA single injection clearance studies. "Volumes of distribution" obtained from single samples have been correlated with the slope clearances and regression equations have been determined. From these equations it is possible to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) from single plasma samples and the method is sufficiently accurate for routine application.
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Thompson FD, Joekes AM, Hussein MM. Monotherapy with labetalol for hypertensive patients with normal and impaired renal function. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 8:129S-133S. [PMID: 526392 PMCID: PMC1429748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1 Labetalol was given to 41 hypertensive patients in a divided dosage of 150--2,400 mg daily for periods ranging from 1--64 months. 2 Monotherapy with labetalol was adequate in 12 out of 19 patients with essential hypertension and in 15 out of the 22 with renal hypertension. 3 Following a single dose of labetalol 200 mg orally a hypotensive response was seen between 1.5 and 2 hours. 4 In the doses used there was no exercise or postural hypotension. 5 No reduction in overall renal function attributable to labetalol was seen.
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