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Vieira S, Huber KJ, Geppert A, Wolf J, Neumann-Schaal M, Luckner M, Wanner G, Müsken M, Overmann J. Capillimicrobium parvum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of Capillimicrobiaceae fam. nov. within the order Solirubrobacterales, isolated from a grassland soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The order
Solirubrobacterales
is a deep-branching lineage within the phylum
Actinomycetota
. Most representatives have been isolated from terrestrial environments. A strain isolated from a grassland soil was found to be affiliated with this order and therefore characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain 0166_1T are Gram-positive, short rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming and divide by binary fission. A surface layer with protrusions covers the majority of the cells. Strain 0166_1T grows optimally around neutral to slightly alkaline pH (pH 7.1–7.9) and at temperatures between 24–36 °C in SSE/HD 1 : 10 medium. It grows optimally with 0–0.5% NaCl (w/v) but can withstand concentrations up to 5 %. The major fatty acids are C18 : 1 ω9c, C16 : 1
ω7c, C17 : 0 cyclo ω7c, C18 : 1
ω7c methyl and C19 : 0 cyclo ω9c. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. MK-7(H4) and MK-7(H2) are the predominant respiratory quinones. meso-2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content for strain 0166_1T is 72.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this bacterium was related to
Conexibacter arvalis
KV-962T and
Conexibacter stalactiti
YC2-25T with 95.5 and 95.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic data, we propose the novel species Capillimicrobium parvum sp. nov. (type strain 0166_1T=DSM 104329T=LMG 29999T=CECT 9240T) of the novel genus Capillimicrobium gen. nov. within the novel family Capillimicrobiaceae fam. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Vieira
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina J. Huber
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alicia Geppert
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmanstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Vieira S, Huber KJ, Neumann-Schaal M, Geppert A, Luckner M, Wanner G, Overmann J. Usitatibacter rugosus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov., novel members of Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov. within the order Nitrosomonadales isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33433313 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the metabolically diverse order Nitrosomonadales inhabit a wide range of environments. Two strains affiliated with this order were isolated from soils in Germany and characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strains 0125_3T and Swamp67T are Gram-negative rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated and divide by binary fission. They tested catalase-negative, but positive for cytochrome c-oxidase. Both strains form small white colonies on agar plates and grow aerobically and chemoorganotrophically on SSE/HD 1 : 10 medium, preferably utilizing organic acids and proteinaceous substrates. Strains 0125_3T and Swamp67T are mesophilic and grow optimally without NaCl addition at slightly alkaline conditions. Major fatty acids are C16 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-8. The G+C content for 0125_3T and Swamp67T was 67 and 66.1 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that the closest relatives (<91 % sequence similarity) of strain 0125_3T were Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196T, Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5T and Denitratisoma oestradiolicum AcBE2-1T, while Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196T, Nitrosospira tenuis Nv1T and Nitrosospira lacus APG3T were closest to strain Swamp67T. The two novel strains shared 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with one another and show low average nucleotide identity of their genomes (83.8 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the two novel species Usitatibacter rugosus sp. nov (type strain 0125_3T=DSM 104443T=LMG 29998T=CECT 9241T) and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov. (type strain Swamp67T=DSM 104440T=LMG 29997T=CECT 9242T) of the novel genus Usitatibacter gen. nov., within the novel family Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Vieira
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina J Huber
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alicia Geppert
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Braunschweig University of Technology, Spielmanstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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3
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Klose M, Scheungrab M, Luckner M, Wanner G, Linder S. FIB-SEM-based analysis of Borrelia intracellular processing by human macrophages. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252320. [PMID: 33380490 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, a multisystemic disorder affecting primarily skin, joints and nervous system. Successful internalization and intracellular processing of borreliae by immune cells, like macrophages, is decisive for the outcome of a respective infection. Here, we use, for the first time, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy tomography (FIB-SEM tomography) to visualize the interaction of borreliae with primary human macrophages with high resolution. We report that interaction between macrophages and the elongated and highly motile borreliae can lead to formation of membrane tunnels that extend deeper into the host cytoplasm than the actual phagosome, most probably as a result of partial extrication of captured borreliae. We also show that membrane tubulation at borreliae-containing phagosomes, a process suggested earlier as a mechanism leading to phagosome compaction but hard to visualize in live-cell imaging, is apparently a frequent phenomenon. Finally, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms multiple STIM1-positive contact sites with both membrane tunnels and phagosome tubulations, confirming the important role of the ER during uptake and intracellular processing of borreliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klose
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Manja Luckner
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Biozentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Lee K, Lehmann M, Paul MV, Wang L, Luckner M, Wanner G, Geigenberger P, Leister D, Kleine T. Lack of FIBRILLIN6 in Arabidopsis thaliana affects light acclimation and sulfate metabolism. New Phytol 2020; 225:1715-1731. [PMID: 31596965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana contains 13 fibrillins (FBNs), which are all localized to chloroplasts. FBN1 and FBN2 are involved in photoprotection of photosystem II, and FBN4 and FBN5 are thought to be involved in plastoquinone transport and biosynthesis, respectively. The functions of the other FBNs remain largely unknown. To gain insight into the function of FBN6, we performed coexpression and Western analyses, conducted fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, stained reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured photosynthetic parameters and glutathione levels, and applied transcriptomics and metabolomics. Using coexpression analyses, FBN6 was identified as a photosynthesis-associated gene. FBN6 is localized to thylakoid and envelope membranes, and its knockout results in stunted plants. The delayed-growth phenotype cannot be attributed to altered basic photosynthesis parameters or a reduced CO2 assimilation rate. Under moderate light stress, primary leaves of fbn6 plants begin to bleach and contain enlarged plastoglobules. RNA sequencing and metabolomics analyses point to an alteration in sulfate reduction in fbn6. Indeed, glutathione content is higher in fbn6, which in turn confers cadmium tolerance of fbn6 seedlings. We conclude that loss of FBN6 leads to perturbation of ROS homeostasis. FBN6 enables plants to cope with moderate light stress and affects cadmium tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanuk Lee
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Melanie V Paul
- Plant Metabolism, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Ultrastrukturforschung, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81252, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastrukturforschung, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 81252, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Plant Metabolism, Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology (Botany), Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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5
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Djannatian M, Timmler S, Arends M, Luckner M, Weil MT, Alexopoulos I, Snaidero N, Schmid B, Misgeld T, Möbius W, Schifferer M, Peles E, Simons M. Two adhesive systems cooperatively regulate axon ensheathment and myelin growth in the CNS. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4794. [PMID: 31641127 PMCID: PMC6805957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system myelin is a multilayered membrane produced by oligodendrocytes to increase neural processing speed and efficiency, but the molecular mechanisms underlying axonal selection and myelin wrapping are unknown. Here, using combined morphological and molecular analyses in mice and zebrafish, we show that adhesion molecules of the paranodal and the internodal segment work synergistically using overlapping functions to regulate axonal interaction and myelin wrapping. In the absence of these adhesive systems, axonal recognition by myelin is impaired with myelin growing on top of previously myelinated fibers, around neuronal cell bodies and above nodes of Ranvier. In addition, myelin wrapping is disturbed with the leading edge moving away from the axon and in between previously formed layers. These data show how two adhesive systems function together to guide axonal ensheathment and myelin wrapping, and provide a mechanistic understanding of how the spatial organization of myelin is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minou Djannatian
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Timmler
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Arends
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Theres Weil
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Elior Peles
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Schmid N, Flenkenthaler F, Stöckl JB, Dietrich KG, Köhn FM, Schwarzer JU, Kunz L, Luckner M, Wanner G, Arnold GJ, Fröhlich T, Mayerhofer A. Insights into replicative senescence of human testicular peritubular cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15052. [PMID: 31636313 PMCID: PMC6803627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence for an age-related decline in male reproductive functions, yet how the human testis may age is not understood. Human testicular peritubular cells (HTPCs) transport sperm, contribute to the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche and immune surveillance, and can be isolated and studied in vitro. Consequences of replicative senescence of HTPCs were evaluated to gain partial insights into human testicular aging. To this end, early and advanced HTPC passages, in which replicative senescence was indicated by increased cell size, altered nuclear morphology, enhanced β-galactosidase activity, telomere attrition and reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), were compared. These alterations are typical for senescent cells, in general. To examine HTPC-specific changes, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) tomography was employed, which revealed a reduced mitochondrial network and an increased lysosome population. The results coincide with the data of a parallel proteomic analysis and indicate deranged proteostasis. The mRNA levels of typical contractility markers and growth factors, important for the SSC niche, were not significantly altered. A secretome analysis identified, however, elevated levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which may play a role in spermatogenesis. Testicular DPP4 may further represent a possible drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Schmid
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III - Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Jan B Stöckl
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Kim-Gwendolyn Dietrich
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III - Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Kunz
- LMU München, Department Biology II, Division of Neurobiology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- LMU München, Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- LMU München, Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Georg J Arnold
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- LMU München, Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), 81377 München, Germany
| | - Artur Mayerhofer
- LMU München, Biomedical Center (BMC), Anatomy III - Cell Biology, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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7
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Gärtner K, Luckner M, Wanner G, Zeidler R. Engineering extracellular vesicles as novel treatment options: exploiting herpesviral immunity in CLL. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1573051. [PMID: 30788083 PMCID: PMC6374966 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1573051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication. Intriguingly, EVs can be engineered and thus exploited for the targeted transfer of functional proteins of interest. Thus, engineered EVs may constitute attractive tools for the development of novel therapeutic interventions, like cancer immunotherapies, vaccinations or targeted drug delivery. Here, we describe a novel experimental immunotherapeutic approach for the adjuvant treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) based on engineered EVs carrying gp350, the major glycoprotein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), CD40L, a central immune accessory molecule and pp65, an immunodominant antigen of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV). We show that these engineered EVs specifically interact with malignant B cells from CLL patients and render these cells immunogenic to allogeneic and autologous EBV- and CMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, co-opting engineered EVs to re-target the strong herpesviral immunity in CLL patients to malignant cells constitutes an attractive strategy for the adjuvant treatment of a still incurable disease. Abbreviations: CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; CMV: cytomegalovirus
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Gärtner
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Centre Munich German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF) - partner site, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Klinikum der Universität (KUM), Munich, Germany
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8
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Montagna E, Crux S, Luckner M, Herber J, Colombo AV, Marinković P, Tahirovic S, Lichtenthaler SF, Wanner G, Müller UC, Sgobio C, Herms J. In vivo
Ca
2+
imaging of astrocytic microdomains reveals a critical role of the amyloid precursor protein for mitochondria. Glia 2019; 67:985-998. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.23584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Montagna
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Division of Translational Brain Research, Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig–Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Sophie Crux
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Division of Translational Brain Research, Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig–Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department Biology I, BiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians University Munich Martinsried Germany
| | - Julia Herber
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced StudyTechnische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Alessio V. Colombo
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Petar Marinković
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar and Institute for Advanced StudyTechnische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biology I, BiocenterLudwig‐Maximilians University Munich Martinsried Germany
| | - Ulrike C. Müller
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyHeidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Carmelo Sgobio
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Division of Translational Brain Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich Germany
- Division of Translational Brain Research, Center for Neuropathology and Prion ResearchLudwig–Maximilians University Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy)Ludwig‐Maximilians University Munich Germany
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9
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Luckner M, Wanner G. From Light Microscopy to Analytical Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/SEM in Biology: Fixed Coordinates, Flat Embedding, Absolute References. Microsc Microanal 2018; 24:526-544. [PMID: 30246679 PMCID: PMC6378657 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618015015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) has been in use for several years, however it has remained a costly method with difficult sample preparation. Here, we report a series of technical improvements developed for precise and cost-effective correlative light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB)/SEM microscopy of single cells, as well as large tissue sections. Customized coordinate systems for both slides and coverslips were established for thin and ultra-thin embedding of a wide range of biological specimens. Immobilization of biological samples was examined with a variety of adhesives. For histological sections, a filter system for flat embedding was developed. We validated ultra-thin embedding on laser marked slides for efficient, high-resolution CLEM. Target cells can be re-located within minutes in SEM without protracted searching and correlative investigations were reduced to a minimum of preparation steps, while still reaching highest resolution. The FIB/SEM milling procedure is facilitated and significantly accelerated as: (i) milling a ramp becomes needless, (ii) significant re-deposition of milled material does not occur; and (iii) charging effects are markedly reduced. By optimizing all technical parameters FIB/SEM stacks with 2 nm iso-voxels were achieved over thousands of sections, in a wide range of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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10
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Luckner M, Burgold S, Filser S, Scheungrab M, Niyaz Y, Hummel E, Wanner G, Herms J. Label-free 3D-CLEM Using Endogenous Tissue Landmarks. iScience 2018; 6:92-101. [PMID: 30240628 PMCID: PMC6137285 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging 3D correlative light and electron microscopy approaches enable studying neuronal structure-function relations at unprecedented depth and precision. However, established protocols for the correlation of light and electron micrographs rely on the introduction of artificial fiducial markers, such as polymer beads or near-infrared brandings, which might obscure or even damage the structure under investigation. Here, we report a general applicable "flat embedding" preparation, enabling high-precision overlay of light and scanning electron micrographs, using exclusively endogenous landmarks in the brain: blood vessels, nuclei, and myelinated axons. Furthermore, we demonstrate feasibility of the workflow by combining in vivo 2-photon microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to dissect the role of astrocytic coverage in the persistence of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Steffen Burgold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheungrab
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Yilmaz Niyaz
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Eric Hummel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.
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11
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Luckner M, Wanner G. Correction to: Precise and economic FIB/SEM for CLEM: with 2 nm voxels through mitosis. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:171. [PMID: 29987425 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Unfortunately, part of the legend to Fig. 6 has been incorrectly published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department Biology I, Ultrastructural Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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12
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Steiner P, Luckner M, Kerschbaum H, Wanner G, Lütz-Meindl U. Ionic stress induces fusion of mitochondria to 3-D networks: An electron tomography study. J Struct Biol 2018; 204:52-63. [PMID: 29981486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central organelles for energy supply of cells and play an important role in maintenance of ionic balance. Consequently mitochondria are highly sensitive to any kind of stress to which they mainly response by disturbance of respiration, ROS production and release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Many of the physiological and molecular stress reactions of mitochondria are well known, yet there is a lack of information on corresponding stress induced structural changes. 3-D visualization of high-pressure frozen cells by FIB-SEM tomography and TEM tomography as used for the present investigation provide an excellent tool for studying structure related mitochondrial stress reactions. In the present study it is shown that mitochondria in the unicellular fresh-water algal model system Micrasterias as well as in the closely related aquatic higher plant Lemna fuse to local networks as a consequence of exposure to ionic stress induced by addition of KCl, NaCl and CoCl2. In dependence on concentration and duration of the treatment, fusion of mitochondria occurs either by formation of protuberances arising from the outer mitochondrial membrane, or by direct contact of the surface of elongated mitochondria. As our results show that respiration is maintained in both model systems during ionic stress and mitochondrial fusion, as well as formation of protuberances are reversible, we assume that mitochondrial fusion is a ubiquitous process that may help the cells to cope with stress. This may occur by interconnecting the respiratory chains of the individual mitochondria and by enhancing the buffer capacity against stress induced ionic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manja Luckner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hubert Kerschbaum
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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13
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Wirth R, Luckner M, Wanner G. Validation of a Hypothesis: Colonization of Black Smokers by Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:524. [PMID: 29619021 PMCID: PMC5871681 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly erupted black smokers (hydrothermal vent chimneys) are sterile during their formation, but house hyperthermophilic microorganisms in substantial amounts in later stages. No direct experimental data exist by which mechanisms hyperthermophiles colonize newly erupted black smokers, but a scenario was proposed recently how this might happen. Here we combine high temperature light microscopy with electron microscopy to show that two hyperthermophilic Archaea, namely Pyrococcus furiosus and Methanocaldococcus villosus are able to adhere onto authentic black smoker material (BSM). We especially are able to directly observe the adhesion process via video recordings taken at high temperatures. These data validate the hypothesis that hyperthermophiles are transferred by serendipitous water currents to the outside of newly formed black smokers and react within seconds to the there prevailing high temperatures by very fast movements. They scan the surface of the hydrothermal chimneys via a much slower zigzag seek-movement and adhere via their flagella at a suitable place, building up biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Wirth
- Faculty of Biology, Archaea Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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14
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Pascual J, Foesel BU, Geppert A, Huber KJ, Boedeker C, Luckner M, Wanner G, Overmann J. Roseisolibacter agri gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel slow-growing member of the under-represented phylum Gemmatimonadetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:1028-1036. [PMID: 29458671 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel slow-growing bacterium, designated strain AW1220T, was isolated from agricultural floodplain soil sampled at Mashare (Kavango region, Namibia) by using a high-throughput cultivation approach. Strain AW1220T was characterized as a Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium. Occasionally, some cells attained an unusual length of up to 35 µm. The strain showed positive responses for catalase and cytochrome-c oxidase and divided by binary fission and/or budding. The strain had an aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism and was also able to grow under micro-oxic conditions. Colonies were small and pink pigmented. Strain AW1220T was found to be a mesophilic, neutrophilic and non-halophilic bacterium. Cells accumulated polyphosphate intracellularly and mainly utilized complex protein substrates for growth. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain AW1220T belonged to the class Gemmatimonadetes (=group 1). Its closest relatives were found to be Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27T (90.9 % gene sequence similarity), Gemmatimonas phototrophica AP64T (90.8 %) and Longimicrobiumterrae CB-286315T (84.2 %). The genomic G+C content was 73.3 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9, albeit minor amounts of MK-8 and MK-10 are also present. The polar lipids comprised major amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified phosphoglycolipid. On the basis of its polyphasic characterization, strain AW1220T represents a novel genus and species of the class Gemmatimonadetes for which the name Roseisolibacter agri gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain AW1220T (=DSM 104292T=LMG 29977T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pascual
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bärbel U Foesel
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany.,Present address: Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alicia Geppert
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina J Huber
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Boedeker
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany.,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Gaertner F, Ahmad Z, Rosenberger G, Fan S, Nicolai L, Busch B, Yavuz G, Luckner M, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Hennel R, Benechet A, Lorenz M, Chandraratne S, Schubert I, Helmer S, Striednig B, Stark K, Janko M, Böttcher RT, Verschoor A, Leon C, Gachet C, Gudermann T, Mederos Y Schnitzler M, Pincus Z, Iannacone M, Haas R, Wanner G, Lauber K, Sixt M, Massberg S. Migrating Platelets Are Mechano-scavengers that Collect and Bundle Bacteria. Cell 2017; 171:1368-1382.e23. [PMID: 29195076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are critical for hemostasis and thrombosis and play diverse roles during immune responses. Despite these versatile tasks in mammalian biology, their skills on a cellular level are deemed limited, mainly consisting in rolling, adhesion, and aggregate formation. Here, we identify an unappreciated asset of platelets and show that adherent platelets use adhesion receptors to mechanically probe the adhesive substrate in their local microenvironment. When actomyosin-dependent traction forces overcome substrate resistance, platelets migrate and pile up the adhesive substrate together with any bound particulate material. They use this ability to act as cellular scavengers, scanning the vascular surface for potential invaders and collecting deposited bacteria. Microbe collection by migrating platelets boosts the activity of professional phagocytes, exacerbating inflammatory tissue injury in sepsis. This assigns platelets a central role in innate immune responses and identifies them as potential targets to dampen inflammatory tissue damage in clinical scenarios of severe systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gaertner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Zerkah Ahmad
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhild Rosenberger
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shuxia Fan
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Busch
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gökce Yavuz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Ultrastructural Research, Department Biology I, Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandre Benechet
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sue Chandraratne
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Schubert
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Helmer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Bianca Striednig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Janko
- Department of Materials Science, Technische Universität, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, Universität zu Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Catherine Leon
- UMR S949, Inserm, Université de Strasbourgh, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, 67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR S949, Inserm, Université de Strasbourgh, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, 67065 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mederos Y Schnitzler
- Walther-Straub-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zachary Pincus
- Department of Developmental Biology and Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rainer Haas
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Department Biology I, Biozentrum, Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Sixt
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), 13347 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Vieira S, Luckner M, Wanner G, Overmann J. Luteitalea pratensis gen. nov., sp. nov. a new member of subdivision 6 Acidobacteria isolated from temperate grassland soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1408-1414. [PMID: 28141504 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Albeit being widespread and abundant in soils worldwide, bacteria of the phylum Acidobacteria have remained grossly understudied due to difficulties in their cultivation and isolation. To date, only 48 species have been validly described, including a single member of the phylogenetically diverse Acidobacteria subdivision 6. Here, we report the polyphasic characterization of strain HEG_-6_39T, a novel representative of Acidobacteria subdivision 6 isolated from a grassland soil in Thuringia, Germany. Cells of HEG_-6_39T are Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated short rods that form small dark yellow colonies. This slow growing bacterium is psychrotolerant and grows between 0 and 36 °C. It displays a narrower pH tolerance (5.3-8.3) than most acidobacteria. The strain is an aerobe that grows chemo-organotrophically utilizing mostly sugars and proteinaceous substrates such as peptone, yeast extract, casein hydrolysate and casamino acids as substrates. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids are identified as polar lipids. Major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The major respiratory quinone is MK-8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 64.7 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this bacterium was related to Vicinamibacter silvestris Ac_5_C6T with 93.6 % sequence similarity. Based on the present taxonomic characterization, strain HEG_-6_39T represents a new species of a novel genus for which the name Luteitalea pratensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HEG_-6_39T (=DSM 100886T=KCTC 52215T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Vieira
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biozentrum Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Lütz-Meindl U, Luckner M, Andosch A, Wanner G. Structural stress responses and degradation of dictyosomes in algae analysed by TEM and FIB-SEM tomography. J Microsc 2016. [PMID: 26708415 DOI: 10.111/jmi.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced physiological deficiencies in cells are reflected in structural, morphological and functional reactions of organelles. Although numerous investigations have focused on chloroplasts and mitochondria as main targets of different stressors in plant cells, there is insufficient information on the plant Golgi apparatus as stress sensor. By using the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography in combination with classical ultrathin sectioning and transmission electron microscopic analyses, we provide structural evidence for common stress responses of the large and highly stable dictyosomes in the algal model system Micrasterias. Stress is induced by different metals such as manganese and lead, by starvation in 9 weeks of darkness or by inhibiting photosynthesis or glycolysis and by disturbing ionic homeostasis via KCl. For the first time a stress-induced degradation pathway of dictyosomes is described that does not follow "classical" autophagy but occurs by disintegration of cisternae into single membrane balls that seem to be finally absorbed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison of the morphological features that accompany dictyosomal degradation in Micrasterias to similar reactions observed during the same stress application in Nitella indicates an ubiquitous degradation process at least in algae. As the algae investigated belong to the closest relatives of higher land plants these results may also be relevant for understanding dictyosomal stress and degradation responses in the latter phylogenetic group. In addition, this study shows that two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy is insufficient for elucidating complex processes such as organelle degradation, and that information from three-dimensional reconstructions as provided by field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography is absolutely required for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Luckner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Andosch
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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18
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Wüst PK, Foesel BU, Geppert A, Huber KJ, Luckner M, Wanner G, Overmann J. Brevitalea aridisoli, B. deliciosa and Arenimicrobium luteum, three novel species of Acidobacteria subdivision 4 (class Blastocatellia) isolated from savanna soil and description of the novel family Pyrinomonadaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:3355-3366. [PMID: 27255677 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel strains of the phylum Acidobacteria (Ac_11_E3T, Ac_12_G8T and Ac_16_C4T) were isolated from Namibian semiarid savanna soils by a high-throughput cultivation approach using low-nutrient growth media. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed all three strains in the order Blastocatellales of the class Blastocatellia (Acidobacteria subdivision 4). However, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to their closest relative Pyrinomonas methylaliphatogenes K22T were ≤90 %. Cells of strains Ac_11_E3T, Ac_12_G8T and Ac_16_C4T were Gram-staining-negative and non-motile and divided by binary fission. Ac_11_E3T and Ac_16_C4T formed white colonies, while those of Ac_12_G8T were orange-yellowish. All three strains were aerobic chemoorganoheterotrophic mesophiles with a broad pH range for growth. All strains used a very limited spectrum of carbon and energy sources for growth, with a preference for complex proteinaceous substrates. The major respiratory quinone was MK-8. The major shared fatty acid was iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C contents of strains Ac_11_E3T, Ac_12_G8T and Ac_16_C4T were 55.9 mol%, 66.9 mol% and 54.7 mol%, respectively. Based on these characteristics, the two novel genera Brevitaleagen. nov. and Arenimicrobiumgen. nov. are proposed, harboring the novel species Brevitaleaaridisoli sp. nov. (Ac_11_E3T=DSM 27934T=LMG 28618T), Brevitalea deliciosa sp. nov. (Ac_16_C4T=DSM 29892T=LMG 28995T) and Arenimicrobium luteum sp. nov. (Ac_12_G8T=DSM 26556T=LMG 29166T), respectively. Since these novel genera are only distantly related to established families, we propose the novel family Pyrinomonadaceaefam. nov. that accommodates the proposed genera and the genus Pyrinomonas(Crowe et al., 2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia K Wüst
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bärbel U Foesel
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alicia Geppert
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katharina J Huber
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany.,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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Wlodarczyk A, Gnanasekaran T, Nielsen AZ, Zulu NN, Mellor SB, Luckner M, Thøfner JFB, Olsen CE, Mottawie MS, Burow M, Pribil M, Feussner I, Møller BL, Jensen PE. Metabolic engineering of light-driven cytochrome P450 dependent pathways into Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Metab Eng 2016; 33:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lütz-Meindl U, Luckner M, Andosch A, Wanner G. Structural stress responses and degradation of dictyosomes in algae analysed by TEM and FIB-SEM tomography. J Microsc 2015; 263:129-41. [PMID: 26708415 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced physiological deficiencies in cells are reflected in structural, morphological and functional reactions of organelles. Although numerous investigations have focused on chloroplasts and mitochondria as main targets of different stressors in plant cells, there is insufficient information on the plant Golgi apparatus as stress sensor. By using the advantages of field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography in combination with classical ultrathin sectioning and transmission electron microscopic analyses, we provide structural evidence for common stress responses of the large and highly stable dictyosomes in the algal model system Micrasterias. Stress is induced by different metals such as manganese and lead, by starvation in 9 weeks of darkness or by inhibiting photosynthesis or glycolysis and by disturbing ionic homeostasis via KCl. For the first time a stress-induced degradation pathway of dictyosomes is described that does not follow "classical" autophagy but occurs by disintegration of cisternae into single membrane balls that seem to be finally absorbed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Comparison of the morphological features that accompany dictyosomal degradation in Micrasterias to similar reactions observed during the same stress application in Nitella indicates an ubiquitous degradation process at least in algae. As the algae investigated belong to the closest relatives of higher land plants these results may also be relevant for understanding dictyosomal stress and degradation responses in the latter phylogenetic group. In addition, this study shows that two-dimensional transmission electron microscopy is insufficient for elucidating complex processes such as organelle degradation, and that information from three-dimensional reconstructions as provided by field emission scanning electron microscopy tomography is absolutely required for a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Luckner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Andosch
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G Wanner
- Ultrastructural Research, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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21
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Foesel BU, Mayer S, Luckner M, Wanner G, Rohde M, Overmann J. Occallatibacter riparius gen. nov., sp. nov. and Occallatibacter savannae sp. nov., acidobacteria isolated from Namibian soils, and emended description of the family Acidobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2015; 66:219-229. [PMID: 26486590 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, encapsulated bacteria were isolated from a Namibian river-bank soil (strains 277T and 307) and a semiarid savannah soil (strain A2-1cT). 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses placed them within subdivision 1 of the Acidobacteria and revealed 100 % similarity between strains 277T and 307 and 98.2 % similarity between A2-1cT and the former two strains. The closest relatives with validly published names were Telmatobacter bradus, Acidicapsa borealis and Acidicapsa ligni (94.7-95.9 % similarity to the type strains). Cells of all three strains were rod-shaped and motile and divided by binary fission. Ultrastructural analyses revealed a thick cell envelope, resulting mainly from a thick periplasmic space. Colonies of strains 277T and 307 were white to cream and light pink, respectively, while strain A2-1cT displayed a bright pink colour. All three strains were aerobic, chemoheterotrophic mesophiles with a broad temperature range for growth and a moderately acidic pH optimum. Sugars and complex proteinaceous substrates were the preferred carbon and energy sources. A few polysaccharides were degraded. The major quinone in all three strains was MK-8; MK-7 occurred in strain A2-1cT as a minor compound. Major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω7c. In addition, iso-C17 : 0 occurred in significant amounts. The DNA G+C contents of strains 277T, 307 and A2-1cT were 59.6, 59.9 and 58.5 mol%, respectively. Based on these characteristics, the three isolates are assigned to two novel species of the novel genus Occallatibacter gen. nov., Occallatibacter riparius sp. nov. [type strain 277T ( = DSM 25168T = LMG 26948T) and reference strain 307 ( = DSM 25169 = LMG 26947)] and Occallatibacter savannae sp. nov. [type strain A2-1cT ( = DSM 25170T = LMG 26946T)]. Together with several other recently described taxa, the novel isolates provide the basis for an emended description of the established family Acidobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel U Foesel
- Department of Biology I, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Mayer
- Department of Biology I, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manja Luckner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Biology I, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Biology I, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Department of Microbial Ecology and Diversity Research, Leibniz Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Biology I, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.,Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Thomar S, Dumke-Lehmann U, Diettrich B, Luckner M. Gene Control in Somatic Embryos ofDigitalis lanata: Expression of the β-Glucuronidase Gene Fused to a Plastocyanin Promoter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00672.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Luckner M. Synthese radioaktiv markierter Verbindungen - VI. Mitteilung: Darstellung von D, L-threo-β-Phenylserin-[2-14C]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/zfch.19610010909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Bruns CJ, Herrmann P, Huber S, Tischer A, Hesler CV, Luckner M, Jauch KW, Heeschen C. Identifikation und Charakterisierung von hoch-metastatischen und therapie-resistenten Tumorstammzellen beim Pankreaskarzinom. Z Gastroenterol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-992760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Wilson S, Schmidt I, Roos W, Fürst W, Luckner M. Quantitative Bestimmung des Enzyms Cyclopenase in Konidiosporen von Penicillium cyclopiumWESTLING und P. viridicatumWESTLING. J Basic Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.19740140608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Mohamed ZS, Todorova-Draganova RW, Luckner M. Nuclear inheritance of the biosynthesis of cyclopenin and cyclopenol in Penicillium cyclopium. J Basic Microbiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.19840240908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Stano J, Mićieta K, Neubert K, Luckner M, Adam H. A simple method for the identification and assay of extracellular plant beta-galactosidase. Pharmazie 2002; 57:176-7. [PMID: 11933845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and reproducible procedure for the identification of extracellular Californian poppy (Eschscholzia californica Cham.) beta-galactosidase is described using callus cultures of seedlings from the tested plant, roots of 4-days-old seedlings of Californian poppy germinating on agar plates and cell suspension cultures cultivated from callus cultures. 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside were used as substrates for the determination of the intracellular and extracellular activities of beta-galactosidase. The extracellular beta-galactosidase activity was identified by evaluating the dye-zones in an agar medium. The enzyme from Californian poppy callus cultures or from seedling roots cultivated on agar plates supplemented with 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-galactopyranoside hydrolyzed this substrate releasing 6-bromo-2-naphthol. By simultaneous coupling with hexazonium p-rosaniline the corresponding (reddish-brown) azo-dye was formed. The agar plate method described permits rapid, simple and specific detection of plant producers of extracellular beta-galactosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stano
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Metzner M, Stoller G, Rücknagel KP, Lu KP, Fischer G, Luckner M, Küllertz G. Functional replacement of the essential ESS1 in yeast by the plant parvulin DlPar13. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13524-9. [PMID: 11118437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007005200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A functionally Pin1-like peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase(1)) was isolated from proembryogenic masses (PEMs) of Digitalis lanata according to its enzymatic activity. Partial sequence analysis of the purified enzyme (DlPar13) revealed sequence homology to members of the parvulin family of PPIases. Similar to human Pin1 and yeast Ess1, it exhibits catalytic activity toward substrates containing (Thr(P)/Ser(P))-Pro peptide bonds and comparable inhibition kinetics with juglone. Unlike Pin1-type enzymes it lacks the phosphoserine or phosphothreonine binding WW domain. Western blotting with anti-DlPar13 serum recognized the endogenous form in nucleic and cytosolic fractions of the plant cells. Since the PIN1 homologue ESS1 is an essential gene, complementation experiments in yeast were performed. When overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DlPar13 is almost as effective as hPin1 in rescuing the temperature-sensitive phenotype caused by a mutation in ESS1. In contrast, the human parvulin hPar14 is not able to rescue the lethal phenotype of this yeast strain at nonpermissive temperatures. These results suggest a function for DlPar13 rather similar to parvulins of the Pin1-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Metzner
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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29
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Framm JJ, Peterson A, Thoeringer C, Pangert A, Hornung E, Feussner I, Luckner M, Lindemann P. Cloning and functional expression in Escherichia coli of a cDNA encoding cardenolide 16'-O-glucohydrolase from Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Plant Cell Physiol 2000; 41:1293-8. [PMID: 11092916 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcd060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A clone of cardenolide 16'-O-glucohydrolase cDNA (CGH I) was obtained from Digitalis lanata which encodes a protein of 642 amino acids (calculated molecular mass 73.2 kDa). The amino acid sequence derived from CGH I showed high homology to a widely distributed family of beta-glucohydrolases (glycosyl hydrolases family 1). The recombinant CGH I protein produced in Escherichia coli had CGH I activity. CGH I mRNA was detected in leaves, flowers, stems and fruits of D. lanata.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cardenolides/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Digitalis/enzymology
- Digitalis/genetics
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Glucosidases/genetics
- Glucosidases/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plant Proteins
- Plants, Medicinal
- Plants, Toxic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Framm
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Abstract
Androgenic callus was obtained from cold treated anthers and pollen of Digitalis lanata. The callus was mixoploid and contained haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells as shown by impulse cytophotometry. Haploid cell lines were selected by colony cloning. They were unstable and selection had to be repeated every 1-2 months. Mixoploid shoot cultures were derived from embryogenic haploid cell lines via somatic embryos. Haploid shoots were selected by explanting shoot tips. The shoots showed wide variability in cardenolide content and profile. Rooting of the haploid shoots resulted in haploid plants. These plants were smaller in size than diploid plants. Often the flowers were morphologically abnormal and showed male sterility due to crippled anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Diettrich
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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31
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Finsterbusch A, Lindemann P, Grimm R, Eckerskorn C, Luckner M. Delta(5)-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from Digitalis lanata Ehrh. - a multifunctional enzyme in steroid metabolism? Planta 1999; 209:478-86. [PMID: 10550629 DOI: 10.1007/s004250050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Delta(5)-3beta-Etaydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Delta(5)-3beta-HSD; EC 1.1.1.145), an enzyme converting pregn-5-ene-3beta-ol-20-one (pregnenolone) to pregn-5-ene-3,20-dione (isoprogesterone), was isolated from the soluble fraction of suspension-cultured cells of Digitalis lanata L. strain VIII. Starting with acetone dry powder the enzyme was purified in three steps using column chromatography on Fractogel-TSK DEAE, hydroxyapatite and Sephacryl G-200. Fractions with highest Delta(5)-3beta-HSD activity were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After in-situ digestion the resulting bands were sequenced N-terminally. The 29-kDa band yielded three fragments with high sequence homology to members of the superfamily of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. High similarity was found to microbial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The band may therefore represent the Delta(5)-3beta-HSD. The purified enzyme was characterized with respect to kinetic parameters, substrate specificity and localization. The function of the enzyme in steroid metabolism is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Finsterbusch
- Universität Halle, Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Hoher Weg 8, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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32
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Küllertz G, Liebau A, Rücknagel P, Schierhorn A, Diettrich B, Fischer G, Luckner M. Stress-induced expression of cyclophilins in proembryonic masses of Digitalis lanata does not protect against freezing/thawing stress. Planta 1999; 208:599-605. [PMID: 10420652 DOI: 10.1007/s004250050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using proembryonic masses (PEMs) of Digitalis lanata Erh., it was demonstrated that cold, hormonal or osmotic stress, which increased freezing tolerance during cryopreservation, induced an increasing level of two peptidyl-prolyl-cis/transisomerases (PPIases). The difference in pI (9.2 +/- 0.2 and 9.5 +/- 0.2, +/- SD; n = 3) allowed the separation of the two enzymes by free-flow isoelectrophoresis. Both were inhibited by cyclosporin A and thus belong to the cyclophilin family of PPIases. The enzymes differed slightly in their substrate specificity and their relative molecular masses of 18038 +/- 4 Da (D. lanataCyp18.0) and 18132 +/- 3 Da (D. lanataCyp18.1). Both cyclophilins were blocked N-terminally. Partial internal amino acid sequences from the two cyclophilins, with a length of 34 amino acids, displayed 82% sequence identity to each other. Pretreatment of PEMs with abscisic acid, sorbitol or a combination of both substances led to a 270 +/- 30% elevation of the total cytosolic cyclophilin concentration determined with a cyclophylin affinity sensor. During the first 4 d of pretreatment, the total PPIase activity was enhanced up to 230 +/- SD% compared with the control culture. The lag phase between maximal PPIase concentration after 4 d of pretreatment and maximal effect of freezing tolerance after 10 d of pretreatment indicated that increasing levels of cytosolic PPIases may be necessary to overcome the stress induced by hormones and osmotica during pretreatment but not to protect against freezing/thawing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Küllertz
- Max-Planck-Forschungsstelle Enzymologie der Proteinfaltung, Halle/Saale, Germany.
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33
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Schöniger R, Lindemann P, Grimm R, Eckerskorn C, Luckner M. Cardenolide 16'-O-glucohydrolase from Digitalis lanata. Purification and characterization. Planta 1998; 205:477-482. [PMID: 9640670 DOI: 10.1007/s004250050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A three-step chromatographic procedure was developed for purification of cardenolide 16'-O-glucohydrolase (CGH) from Digitalis lanata Ehrh. leaves, including Phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by SP-Sepharose cation exchange and Q-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography. Starting with acetone dry powder the purification resulted in an 760-fold enrichment of CGH. Molecular weight, substrate specificity, pH optimum and temperature stability of CGH were determined. Antibodies against CGH were prepared in rabbits. The SDS gel electrophoresis of protein extracts from leaves of D. lanata and other D. species showed bands at 70 kDa and 36 kDa reacting with the antibodies. The 70-kDa protein is the main protein stained with CGH antibodies in freshly prepared extracts of D. lanata. It may represent undegraded CGH. The 36-kDa protein is enriched in aged CGH preparations. It is probably a degradation product. Proteins related to 70-kDa and 36-kDa bands also occur in crude protein preparations from leaves of D. heywoodii P. et M. Silva, D. mariana Boiss., D. purpurea L., and D. thapsi L. indicating that CGH is also present in these species. Purified CGH was digested with proteases V8 and Lys-C and the resulting fragments obtained were sequenced. One fragment had the typical amino-acid sequence of the catalytic center of family-1 glycosyl hydrolases (EC 3.2.1.x). Cardenolide 16'-O-glucohydrolase, like the other members of this enzyme family, appeared to have a glutamic acid residue directly involved in glycosidic bond cleavage as a nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schöniger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle, Germany
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Kandzia R, Grimm R, Eckerskorn C, Lindemann P, Luckner M. Purification and characterization of lanatoside 15'-O-acetylesterase from Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Planta 1998; 204:383-389. [PMID: 9530881 DOI: 10.1007/s004250050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Lanatoside 15'-O-acetylesterase (LAE) from in-vitro-cultivated cells of Digitalis lanata Ehrh. was isolated and partially sequenced. The enzyme was extracted with citrate buffer from acetone dry powder. It was purified in a two-step chromatographical procedure including Phenyl Sepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by CM Sepharose cation-exchange chromatography to more than 330 mumol.s-1.(g protein)-1. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the purified protein showed a major band at 39 kDa. The protein was identified by correlation of band intensity on SDS-PAGE and enzyme activity of CM Sepharose column fractions. Size-exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl 200 revealed a single activity peak with an apparent molecular mass of about 85 kDa. Electrophoresis under nondenaturating conditions of purified LAE showed only one band with esterase activity. The intensity of this band was correlated with that of the 39-kDa band after SDS-PAGE. About 30% of the protein, including the N-terminus and several fragments obtained by Lys-C protease digestion, was sequenced. A fragment obtained by Lys-C digestion showed partial homology to other hydrolases and apoplasmic proteins. It included the probable location of an active-site histidine. The activity of LAE was high in non-morphogenic D. lanata cell strains selected for high activities in the chemical transformation of cardenolides, but rather low in the proembryogenic masses of the embryogenic cell strain VIII. It increased during the development of somatic embryos. The LAE activity in leaves of D. lanata plants was in the range 4-24 nmol.s-1.(g protein)-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kandzia
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle, Germany
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35
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Rhenius M, Porzel A, Diettrich B, Luckner M. 21'-Di-dehydro-deacetyllanatoside C, a biotransformation product of deacetyllanatoside C from senescent shoot cultures of Digitalis lanata. Phytochemistry 1997; 44:1061-1064. [PMID: 9055448 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Feeding deacetyllanatoside C to senescent shoot cultures of Digitalis lanata resulted in the formation of a new product, which was isolated by semi-preparative HPLC. The molecular structure was elucidated by means of HPLC-mass spectrometry and NMR as 21'-di-dehydro-deacetyllanatoside C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhenius
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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36
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Klauck D, Luckner M. [In vitro measurement of digitalis-like compounds by inhibition of Na+ K+-ATPase: determination of the inhibitory effect]. Pharmazie 1995; 50:395-9. [PMID: 7651976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The linked optical test for the analysis of digital-like substances with the enzyme Na+/K(+)-ATPase was investigated with regard to inhibition by components of the reaction medium. Most of the tested inorganic salts influenced the activity of the enzyme. However, the concentrations of the salts in human tissues and fluids are too small to cause measurable effects. Higher concentration of salts, which may be obtained by the preparative treatment of clinical material can influence the test. The determination of a reference value is recommended in these cases. The organic solvents DMSO and Methanol influenced the activity of the Na+/K(+)-ATPase, too. While the influence of DMSO in concentrations below 50% (v/v) was negligible, the measurement of a reference sample at higher DMSO concentrations and for methanolic samples is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Klauck
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
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37
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Abstract
Crown galls were induced by transformation of leaves, leaf discs, and shoots of the plant DIGITALIS LANATA with the AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS strains C58 pTi C58, B6S3 pTi B6S3, and A136 pTi A6NCtmr-338::Tn5. Integration of plasmid DNA in the genome of D. LANATA was demonstrated by hybridization experiments. The transformed cells synthesized opines and showed hormone-autotrophic growth. The crown galls formed on leaves of D. LANATA plants contained digitoxigenin derivatives (up to 0.8 muimol digitoxin equivalents g (-1) dry weight). Transformed cell lines derived from the crown galls built cardenolides IN VITRO (ca. 0.03 mumol digitoxin equivalents g (-1) dry weight). The rate of cardenolide biosynthesis IN VITRO did not decrease during a cultivation period of 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moldenhauer
- Section of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 15, O-4010 Halle, Germany
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38
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Greidziak N, Diettrich B, Luckner M. Batch Cultures of Somatic Embryos of Digitalis lanata in Gaslift Fermenters. Development and Cardenolide Accumulation. Planta Med 1990; 56:175-8. [PMID: 17221393 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-960919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryos of DIGITALIS LANATA STRAIN VII were successfully grown as batch cultures in gaslift fermenters. Embryo development and formation of cardenolides in the embryos resembled those of cultures grown in shake flasks. Both processes depended on the developmental stage of the embryos at the time point of inoculation, the homogeneity of the embryo structures, the density of the inoculum, the composition of the nutrient medium, the intensity of irradiation, and the composition of the gas mixtures used for agitation of the embryo suspension. The cultures contained 0.7&-1.0 (micro,mol digitoxin equivalents g (-1) dry wt. (2.6-6.5 micromol digitoxin equivalents l (-1)) after a cultivation period of 28 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Greidziak
- Martin-Luther-University, Section of Pharmacy, Weinbergweg 15, DDR-4050 Halle, German Democratic Republic
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Abstract
Propagation of DIGITALIS LANATA by shoot tip culture made possible (a) the rapid multiplication of elite plants with the formation of plant clones and (b) the long-term cultivation of these plants which under normal growth conditions would die at the end of the second vegetation period. Optimum conditions were established for the regeneration of shoots from shoot tips, for daughter shoot formation and rooting as well as for the adaptation of the regenerated plants to the open ground. Gene banks of valuable clones were built by keeping shoots at 4 degrees C on media with high sucrose concentration (maximum period of storage 2 years) or by growing juvenile clone plants in the greenhouse at temperatures preventing the induction of flowering. The clone plants were in the juvenile state even if they were derived from flowering mother plants. They showed normal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Diettrich
- Sektion Pharmazie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 15, DDR-4010 Halle, German Democratic Republic
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Scheibner H, Björk L, Schulz U, Neumann D, Diettrich B, Luckner M. The Influence of Inhibitors of Chloroplast Differentiation on Chlorophyll and Cardenolide Accumulation in Somatic Embryos of Digitalis lanata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(89)80122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fürst B, Luckner M. [EDLS (endogenous digitalis-like substance(s))--detection, chemistry, and physiologic function]. Pharmazie 1988; 43:744-8. [PMID: 2977650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human beings and higher animals contain compounds which interact with the Na+/K+-ATPase of the heart muscle and other organs like the cardiac glycosides, and bind to cardiac glycoside-specific antibodies [endogenous digitalis-like substance(s), EDLS]. EDLS cause increased natriuresis. The level of EDLS of the blood is raised under physiological stress situations (e.g., pregnancy and delivery and at certain pathophysiological conditions (e.g., hypertony). The EDLS are low molecular compounds. As yet their chemical structure is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fürst
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Sektion Pharmazie, Halle, Saale
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Abstract
A method for the preservation in liquid nitrogen of shoot tips (meristems) of D. LANATA is described. It includes the following steps: (a) hardening of shoots by cultivation at 4 degrees C for 8 weeks, (b) treatment of the explanted shoot tips with cryoprotectors, e.g., 2 mol DMSO l (-1) for 2 h, (c) either ultrarapid cooling (ca. 4000 K min (-1)) of the shoot tips by submerging in liquid nitrogen or slow cooling (ca. 0.5 K min (-1)) of the shoot tips to -40 degrees C using a suitable freezer, (d) storage of the shoot tips at -196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen, (e) ultrarapid rewarming of the ultrarapidly cooled shoot tips by placing them directly into nutrient medium or rapid rewarming of the ampoules containing the slowly cooled shoot tips with water at 40 degrees C, and (f) recultivation of the shoot tips at the surface of a solidified nutrient medium containing 2.5 micromol BA 1 (-1). About 70% of the shoot tips survived this procedure and about 30% of the shoot tips regenerated shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Diettrich
- Section of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 15, DDR-4050 Halle, German Democratic Republic
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Diettrich B, Aster U, Greidziak N, Roos W, Luckner M. Glucosylation of Digitoxin and Other Cardenolides in Cell Cultures of Digitalis lanata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-3796(87)80050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
Cyclopeptine synthetase, the key enzyme of benzodiazepine alkaloid biosynthesis in Penicillium cyclopium forms cyclo-(anthranoyl-phenylalanyl) from anthranilic acid, L-phenylalanine, the methyl group of L-methionine and ATP. The following in vitro measurable partial activities of the enzyme system were followed during the development of P. cyclopium: anthranilic acid and L-phenylalanine adenylyltransferase activities, and the ability for thioester-binding of L-phenylalanine to the enzyme protein. These activities became measurable at the beginning of the idiophase and reached a maximum 6 days after inoculation, i.e., the pattern of activity was similar to that of the other enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of the benzodiazepine alkaloids indicating that the activities of all enzymes of the pathway were coordinatedly expressed. Inhibitor experiments indicated that 48-55 h after inoculation a preprotein of anthranilic acid adenylyltransferase was formed, which later on became activated by a hitherto unknown mechanism.
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Roos W, Luckner M. Relationships Between Proton Extrusion and Fluxes of Ammonium Ions and Organic Acids in Penicillium cyclopium. Microbiology (Reading) 1984. [DOI: 10.1099/00221287-130-4-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Diettrich B, Schindler U, Wenzel U, Luckner M. [Changing the Ultracryostat N 180 for the deep freezing of biological material]. Z Med Lab Diagn 1984; 25:182-184. [PMID: 6741216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Mohamed ZS, Todorova-Draganova RW, Luckner M. Nuclear inheritance of the biosynthesis of cyclopenin and cyclopenol in Penicillium cyclopium. Z Allg Mikrobiol 1984; 24:615-8. [PMID: 6151759 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Balanced heterokarions were grown from Penicillium cyclopium aux-glu 1, a glutamic acid auxotroph producing benzodiazepine alkaloids of the cyclopenin-cyclopenol group, and P. viridicatum aux-met 1, a methionine auxotroph forming these alkaloids in traces only. In contrast to the hyphae of the parent strains, the hyphae of the heterokarions were dark orange-brown and grew well on media without the auxotrophic factors. In surface cultures they synthesized the benzodiazepine alkaloids cyclopenin and cyclopenol in amounts similar to those formed by the hyphae of P. cyclopium aux-glu 1. From the monokariotic conidiospores of the heterokarions homokariotic daughter strains were obtained which were similar to the parent strains in every respect. Hence no exchange of features of cyclopenin-cyclopenol biosynthesis took place between the parent strains at the stage of the heterokarion. This result indicates that the formation of cyclopenin and cyclopenol in P. cyclopium aux-glu 1 and the nearly complete lack of biosynthesis of these compounds in P. viridicatum aux-met 1 is encoded within the nucleus and is not influenced by plasmic genetic material.
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Abstract
Suspension cultures of Digitalis lanata strain I were grown in a medium containing 3% mannitol. For cryopreservation cell suspensions were treated with a mixture of sucrose-glycerol (20%/20 V%), cooled slowly (about 1 degrees C/min) till -100 degrees C and then were transferred to liquid nitrogen. After storage in liquid nitrogen the cells were thawed rapidly in a water bath of 40 degrees C and spread on the surface of a solidified nutrient medium. After 7 days of regrowth the cells were suspended in liquid nutrient medium for further cultivation. About 50% of the cells survived freezing and thawing. However, also the apparently surviving cells showed signs of injury (membrane vesicles outside the plasmalemma, dilated ER cisternae and separation of the nuclear membranes). The cultures derived from the surviving cells had the same growth rate and biochemical activity relative to the transformation of cardenolides, e.g., digitoxin, as the parent cultures. The frequency distribution of the nuclear DNA content in the cell cultures was the same before and after cryopreservation. These results indicate that there is no selection of a special cell type during freezing and thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Diettrich
- Section of Pharmacy of the Martin-Luther-University, DDR-402 Halle, Weinbergweg 15, GDR
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