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Tammone Santos A, Riva E, Condorí WE, Fernández V, Rodriguez MG, Rivero MA, Faraco M, Aguirre P, Loyza L, Caselli AE, Uhart MM, Estein SM. Trichinella Infection in Culled Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) from El Palmar National Park, Argentina, and Exposure Risk in Humans and Dogs Consuming Wild Boar Meat. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:401-412. [PMID: 38314854 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing Trichinella spp. larvae. Consumption of wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat represents an important source of human trichinellosis worldwide. In El Palmar National Park (EPNP), Argentina, invasive alien wild boars are controlled and meat from culled animals is released for public consumption following on-site artificial digestion (AD) testing. Meat trimmings and offal from the control program are often used as food for dogs (Canis familiaris). We evaluated infection and exposure to Trichinella spp. in wild boars from EPNP, as well as exposure to Trichinella spp. and associated risk factors in dogs and human consumers of wild boar meat. Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in muscle samples from 5/49 wild boars by AD (10.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8%-23%), with a mean burden of 0.24 larvae per gram (lpg; range, 0.06-0.95 lpg). Anti-Trichinella antibodies were not detected in wild boar serum samples (n=42). In dogs, 12/34 were seropositive to Trichinella spp. (35.29%; 95%, CI, 20.3%-53.5%). Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies were not detected in human serum samples (n=63). Our results reveal the presence, albeit at low prevalence, of Trichinella spp. in wild boars and exposure in dogs fed game offal. These findings suggest that the low prevalence and parasitic load in wild boars, together with the best practices applied by EPNP culling program personnel, contribute to keeping the risk of infection in people low. The dog results highlight that the parasite is circulating in the area, and therefore the risk of infection is not negligible. We recommend the implementation of an animal surveillance strategy in order to monitor the evolution of this zoonosis in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina Tammone Santos
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Riva
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área de Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter E Condorí
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Fernández
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Rodriguez
- Área de Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana A Rivero
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Área de Epidemiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias Faraco
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Aguirre
- Departamento de Zoonosis Rurales, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, España 770, Azul, 7300, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Loyza
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Administración de Parques Nacionales, Av. Rivadavia 1475, C1009ABM, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea E Caselli
- Programa de Conservación Comunitaria del Territorio, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela M Uhart
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B ground floor, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Silvia M Estein
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil, 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rodriguez MG, Rival C, Theas MS, Lustig L. Immunohistopathology of the contralateral testis of rats undergoing experimental torsion of the spermatic cord. Asian J Androl 2006; 8:576-83. [PMID: 16847529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the immunohistopathological changes in the contralateral testis of rats after an experimental spermatic cord torsion. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 45-50 days old were subjected to a 720 degree unilateral spermatic cord torsion for 10, 30 and 80 days (experimental group, E), respectively or sham operation (control group, C). Histopathology of the contralateral testis as well as germ cell apoptosis were studied using the Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Biotin-dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) technique. The number of testicular lymphocytes, mast cells and macrophages, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and its receptor (TNFR1) in testicular cells of the contralateral testis were quantified by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. TNF-alpha concentration in testicular fluid was determined by ELISA. RESULTS In the contralateral testis of rats from the E group, the maximal degree of damage of the germinal epithelium was seen 30 days after torsion. At this time we observed in the E group vs. the C group increases: (i) the number of testicular T-lymphocytes; (ii) the number of testicular mast cells and macrophages; (iii) the percentage of macrophages expressing TNF-alpha; (iv) TNF-a concentration in testicular fluid; (v) the number of apoptotic germ cells; and (vi) the number of TNFR1+ germ cells. CONCLUSION Experimental spermatic cord torsion induces, in the contralateral testis, a focal damage of seminiferous tubules characterized by apoptosis and sloughing of germ cells. Results suggest humoral and cellular immune mediated testicular cell damage in which macrophages and mast cells seem to be involved in the induction of germ cell apoptosis through the TNF-alpha/TNFR1 system and in the modulation of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Rodriguez
- Center for Research in Reproduction, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1121 ABG, Argentina
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Misiakos EP, Pinna A, Kato T, Rodriguez MG, Francavilla A, Mazzaferro V, Ruiz P, Reith JD, Tzakis AG. Recurrence of desmoid tumor in a multivisceral transplant patient with Gardner's syndrome. Transplantation 1999; 67:1197-9. [PMID: 10232576 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199904270-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoid tumors are locally invasive fibromatous tumors, which, in patients with Gardner's syndrome, usually occur in the abdominal wall or intra-abdominally. After excision, they tend to recur, often leading to multiple bowel resections. METHODS This is a report of the clinical course of a patient with Gardner's syndrome and desmoid tumor who had multiple enterectomies and gradually developed short-gut syndrome. He required prolonged parenteral nutrition, which damaged the liver. The patient underwent a multivisceral transplantation as a life-saving procedure. RESULTS After the transplant, the desmoid tumor recurred in the thoracic wall twice and was successfully resected. It also recurred in the abdominal cavity, compressing the intestinal loops; the tumor was excised uneventfully, leaving the graft intact. The recurrent tumors were all of recipient origin. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation could be considered in patients with short-gut syndrome caused by recurrent desmoid tumor. In the case of posttransplant tumor recurrence, resection is the only option recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Misiakos
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida, USA
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Abstract
The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), on the intracellular pH (pHi) in BCECF-loaded Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells was investigated. PGE2 elevated the pHi. Under resting conditions, pHi of MDCK cells suspended in PBS at pH 7.4 was 7.11 +/- 0.08; PGE2 increased pHi with an EC50 of 0.16 microM. PGF2 alpha elicited a similar response to PGE2, with an EC50 of 0.24 microM. Amiloride (0.4 mM) reversed the response to PGE2 (control 7.18 +/- 0.05; PGE2 7.26 +/- 0.05; after amiloride 7.18 +/- 0.05). In MDCK cells exposed to a Na(+)-free solution, alkalinization induced by this eicosanoid was blocked (Ringer-choline 7.16 +/- 0.03; PGE2 7.16 +/- 0.02). PGE2 increased by 100% the rate of recovery after an acidification pulse with ammonium chloride. In the presence of Ringer-HCO3- (pH 7.4), there was a delay in the maximal response to this prostaglandin (PBS 2.2 +/- 0.27, Ringer-bicarbonate 3.4 +/- 0.55 min) and the pHi increment was less marked than in PBS (0.09 pH units in HCO3- versus 0.16 pH units in PBS; P < 0.001). This effect of PGE2 was not blocked by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (1.0 mM). PMA (100 nM), activator of protein kinase C, mimicked the response to PGE2, suggesting the participation of this kinase on the effect of the prostanoid. As expected, two inhibitors of protein kinase C, staurosporine and sphingosine, abolished the response to PGE2. Staurosporine (0.10 microM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C, blocked the response to PGE2 (control 7.02 +/- 0.04; PGE2 and staurosporine 7.03 +/- 0.04, n = 9, not significant). Sphingosine, another inhibitor of protein kinase C, also blocked the response to PGE2. Two analogues of cAMP did not modify the pHi. In summary, PGE2 induced an intracellular alkalinization via stimulation of a Na+/H+ exchanger, with the participation of protein kinase C, in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rodriguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F
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