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Wijaya GYA, Cuffaro D, Bertini S, Digiacomo M, Macchia M. 1-Acetoxypinoresinol, a Lignan from Olives: Insight into Its Characterization, Identification, and Nutraceutical Properties. Nutrients 2024; 16:1474. [PMID: 38794712 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a symbol of the Mediterranean diet, constituting its primary source of fat. The beneficial effect of EVOO is strictly related to the presence of fatty acids and polyphenols, bioactive compounds endowed with nutraceutical properties. Among EVOO polyphenols, lignans possess a steroid-like chemical structure and are part of the phytoestrogen family, which is renowned for its health properties. The natural lignans (+)-pinoresinol and 1-acetoxypinoresinol (1-AP) are commonly present in olives and in EVOO. Although (+)-pinoresinol is found in different edible plants, such as flaxseed, beans, whole-grain cereals, sesame seeds, and certain vegetables and fruit, 1-AP was exclusively identified in olives in 2000. So far, the scientific literature has extensively covered different aspects of (+)-pinoresinol, including its isolation and nutraceutical properties. In contrast, less is known about the olive lignan 1-AP. Therefore, this review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the more important aspects of 1-AP, collecting all the literature from 2016 to the present, exploring its distribution in different cultivars, analytical isolation and purification, and nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesha Yanuar Arief Wijaya
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Di Stefano M, Galati S, Piazza L, Granchi C, Mancini S, Fratini F, Macchia M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T. VenomPred 2.0: A Novel In Silico Platform for an Extended and Human Interpretable Toxicological Profiling of Small Molecules. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2275-2289. [PMID: 37676238 PMCID: PMC11005041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) methods is becoming increasingly popular in computational toxicology and drug design; it is considered as a promising solution for assessing the safety profile of compounds, particularly in lead optimization and ADMET studies, and to meet the principles of the 3Rs, which calls for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal testing. In this context, we herein present the development of VenomPred 2.0 (http://www.mmvsl.it/wp/venompred2/), the new and improved version of our free of charge web tool for toxicological predictions, which now represents a powerful web-based platform for multifaceted and human-interpretable in silico toxicity profiling of chemicals. VenomPred 2.0 presents an extended set of toxicity endpoints (androgenicity, skin irritation, eye irritation, and acute oral toxicity, in addition to the already available carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, hepatotoxicity, and estrogenicity) that can be evaluated through an exhaustive consensus prediction strategy based on multiple ML models. Moreover, we also implemented a new utility based on the Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method that allows human interpretable toxicological profiling of small molecules, highlighting the features that strongly contribute to the toxicological predictions in order to derive structural toxicophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Di Stefano
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department
of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lisa Piazza
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Mancini
- Department
of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Fratini
- Department
of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Di Stefano M, Masoni S, Bononi G, Poli G, Galati S, Gado F, Manzi S, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Caligiuri I, Asif K, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Sodi A, Di Bussolo V, Minutolo F, Meier P, Gertsch J, Granchi C, Dreassi E, Tuccinardi T. Design, synthesis, ADME and biological evaluation of benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine derivatives as novel reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115916. [PMID: 37976705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is mediated by the enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), thus generating arachidonic acid, the precursor of prostaglandins and other pro-inflammatory mediators. MAGL also contributes to the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols into glycerol and fatty acids in peripheral body districts, which may act as pro-tumorigenic signals. For this reason, MAGL inhibitors have been considered as interesting therapeutic agents for their anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. So far, only a limited series of reversible MAGL inhibitors, which are devoid of side effects shown by irreversible inhibitors in animal models, have been reported. Here we optimized a class of benzylpiperidine and benzylpiperazine-based compounds for a reversible MAGL inhibition. The best MAGL inhibitors of this class, compounds 28 and 29, showed a very good inhibition potency, both on the isolated enzyme and in U937 cells, as confirmed by molecular modeling studies that predicted their binding mode into the MAGL active site. Both compounds are characterized by a high selectivity for MAGL versus other serine hydrolases including enzymes of the endocannabinoid system, as confirmed by ABPP experiments in mouse brain membranes. Moreover, very good properties concerning ADME parameters and low in vivo toxicity have been observed for both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Samuele Masoni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Manzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Kanwal Asif
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Galati S, Di Stefano M, Bertini S, Granchi C, Giordano A, Gado F, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Poli G. Identification of New GSK3β Inhibitors through a Consensus Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17233. [PMID: 38139062 PMCID: PMC10743990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays key roles in glycogen metabolism, Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, synaptic modulation, and multiple autophagy-related signaling pathways. GSK3β is an attractive target for drug discovery since its aberrant activity is involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In the present study, multiple machine learning models aimed at identifying novel GSK3β inhibitors were developed and evaluated for their predictive reliability. The most powerful models were combined in a consensus approach, which was used to screen about 2 million commercial compounds. Our consensus machine learning-based virtual screening led to the identification of compounds G1 and G4, which showed inhibitory activity against GSK3β in the low-micromolar and sub-micromolar range, respectively. These results demonstrated the reliability of our virtual screening approach. Moreover, docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were employed for predicting reliable binding modes for G1 and G4, which represent two valuable starting points for future hit-to-lead and lead optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
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Poli G, Demontis GC, Sodi A, Saba A, Rizzo S, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T. An in silico toolbox for the prediction of the potential pathogenic effects of missense mutations in the dimeric region of hRPE65. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2162047. [PMID: 36629452 PMCID: PMC9848331 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2162047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
hRPE65 is a fundamental enzyme of the retinoid visual cycle, and many missense mutations affecting its expression or function are associated with a wide range of diseases. Many hRPE65 missense mutations lack a clear pathogenicity classification or are labelled as VUS. In this context, we recently developed a protocol based on µs-long molecular dynamics simulations to study the potential pathogenic effect of hRPE65 missense mutations. In the present work, the structure-based protocol was integrated with a hRPE65-tailored consensus bioinformatics strategy, named ConPath, that showed high performance in predicting known pathogenic/benign hRPE65 missense mutations. The combined strategy was used to perform a multi-level evaluation of the potential pathogenicity of 13 different hRPE65 VUS, which were classified based on their likelihood of pathogenic effect. The obtained results provide information that may support the reclassification of these VUS and help clinicians evaluate the eligibility for gene therapy of patients diagnosed with such variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Molecular Medicine and of the Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy,Catholic University Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,CONTACT Tiziano Tuccinardi Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa, 56126, Italy
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Cuffaro D, Digiacomo M, Macchia M. Dietary Bioactive Compounds: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:4966. [PMID: 38068824 PMCID: PMC10707977 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it has been amply demonstrated how an appropriate diet and lifestyle are essential for preserving wellbeing and preventing illnesses [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Cuffaro D, Bertolini A, Bertini S, Ricci C, Cascone MG, Danti S, Saba A, Macchia M, Digiacomo M. Olive Mill Wastewater as Source of Polyphenols with Nutraceutical Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:3746. [PMID: 37686778 PMCID: PMC10489820 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrifood waste products are often considered rich sources of bioactive compounds that can be conveniently recovered. Due to these peculiar characteristics, the study of these waste products is attracting great interest in nutraceutical research. Olive mill wastewaters (OMWWs) are generated by extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) production, and they pose environmental challenges due to their disposal. This study aimed to characterize the polyphenolic profile and to evaluate the nutraceutical properties of OMWW extracts from two Tuscan olive cultivars, Leccino (CL) and Frantoio (CF), collected during different time points in EVOO production. METHOD After a liquid-liquid extraction, the HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis of OMWW extracts confirmed the presence of 18 polyphenolic compounds. RESULTS The polyphenol composition varied between the cultivars and during maturation stages. Notably, oleacein was detected at remarkably high levels in CL1 and CF1 extracts (314.628 ± 19.535 and 227.273 ± 3.974 μg/mg, respectively). All samples demonstrated scavenging effects on free radicals (DPPH and ABTS assays) and an anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the nutraceutical potential of OMWW extracts, emphasizing their antioxidant, antiradical, and anti-inflammatory activities. The results demonstrate the influence of olive cultivar, maturation stage, and extraction process on the polyphenolic composition and the bioactivity of OMWW extracts. These findings support a more profitable reuse of OMWW as an innovative, renewable, and low-cost source of dietary polyphenols with potential applications as functional ingredients in the development of dietary supplements, as well as in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (C.R.); (M.G.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Cascone
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (C.R.); (M.G.C.); (S.D.)
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy; (C.R.); (M.G.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
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Cuffaro D, Pinto D, Silva AM, Bertolini A, Bertini S, Saba A, Macchia M, Rodrigues F, Digiacomo M. Insights into the Antioxidant/Antiradical Effects and In Vitro Intestinal Permeation of Oleocanthal and Its Metabolites Tyrosol and Oleocanthalic Acid. Molecules 2023; 28:5150. [PMID: 37446813 PMCID: PMC10343523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In recent years, numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as an active ingredient against chronic diseases. The properties of EVOO are due to its peculiar composition, mainly to its rich content of polyphenols. In fact, polyphenols may contribute to counteract oxidative stress, which often accompanies chronic diseases. In this work, the antioxidant effects of high-value polyphenol oleocanthal (OC) and its main metabolites, tyrosol (Tyr) and oleocanthalic acid (OA), respectively, have been investigated along with their impact on cell viability. (2) Methods: OC, Tyr, and OA have been evaluated regarding antiradical properties in term of scavenging capacity towards biologically relevant reactive species, including O2●-, HOCl, and ROO●, as well as their antioxidant/antiradical capacity (FRAP, DPPH●, ABTS●+). Moreover, the ability to permeate the intestinal membrane was assessed by an intestinal co-culture model composed by Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cell lines. (3) Results: The capacity of OC and Tyr as radical oxygen species (ROS) scavengers, particularly regarding HOCl and O2●-, was clearly demonstrated. Furthermore, the ability to permeate the intestinal co-culture model was plainly proved by the good permeations (>50%) achieved by all compounds. (4) Conclusions: OC, OA, and Tyr revealed promising properties against oxidative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Diana Pinto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Ana Margarida Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Bertolini
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgery, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (D.C.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Galati S, Di Stefano M, Macchia M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T. MolBook UNIPI─Create, Manage, Analyze, and Share Your Chemical Data for Free. J Chem Inf Model 2023. [PMID: 37358197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present MolBook UNIPI, freely available and user-friendly software specifically designed for medicinal chemists as a powerful tool for the easy management of virtual libraries of chemical compounds. With MolBook UNIPI, it is possible to create, store, handle, and share molecular databases in a very simple and intuitive way. The software allows users to rapidly generate libraries of bioactive ligands, building blocks, or commercial compounds by either manually creating single molecules or automatically importing compounds from public databases and pre-existing libraries. MolBook UNIPI databases can be enriched with all kinds of data and can be filtered based on molecular structures or properties, allowing the desired molecules, along with their structures and features, to be easily accessible in just a few clicks. Moreover, new molecular properties and potential toxicological effects of compounds can be rapidly and reliably predicted. Notably, all of these functions can be easily mastered even by inexperienced users, with no prior cheminformatics knowledge or programming skills, which makes MolBook UNIPI an invaluable tool for medicinal chemists. MolBook UNIPI can be downloaded free of charge from the project web page https://molbook.farm.unipi.it/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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10
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Cuffaro D, Bertini S, Macchia M, Digiacomo M. Enhanced Nutraceutical Properties of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extract by Olive Leaf Enrichment. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051073. [PMID: 36904073 PMCID: PMC10005073 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nowadays, the health-promoting properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), including the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, are well recognized and mainly attributed to the different polyphenols, such as oleocanthal and oleacein. In EVOO production, olive leaves represent a high value by-product, showing a wide spectrum of beneficial effects due to the presence of polyphenols, especially oleuropein. Here we report the study of olive leaf extract (OLE)-enriched EVOO extracts, obtained by adding different percentages of OLE to EVOO in order to ameliorate their nutraceutical activities. (2) Methods: The polyphenolic content of the EVOO/OLE extracts was analyzed by HPLC and the Folin-Ciocalteau assay. For further biological testing, an 8% OLE-enriched EVOO extract was chosen. Therefore, antioxidant effects were evaluated by three different methods (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP), and the anti-inflammatory properties were assessed in terms of cyclooxygenase activity inhibition. (3) Results: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profiles of the new EVOO/OLE extract are significantly improved compared to those of EVOO extract; (4) Conclusions: The combination of OLE and EVOO extract can lead to an extract enriched in terms of bioactive polyphenols and endowed with better biological properties than the singular EVOO extract. Therefore, it may represent a new complement in the nutraceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Cuffaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Gabbia D, Carpi S, Sarcognato S, Zanotto I, Sayaf K, Colognesi M, Polini B, Digiacomo M, Macchia M, Nieri P, Carrara M, Cazzagon N, Russo FP, Guido M, De Martin S. The phenolic compounds tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol counteract liver fibrogenesis via the transcriptional modulation of NADPH oxidases and oxidative stress-related miRNAs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114014. [PMID: 36379119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the result of a chronic pathological condition caused by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which induces the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Fibrogenesis is sustained by an exaggerated production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are overactivated in hepatic inflammation. In this study, we investigated the antifibrotic properties of two phenolic compounds of natural origin, tyrosol (Tyr) and hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We assessed Tyr and HTyr antifibrotic and antioxidant activity both in vitro, by a co-culture of LX2, HepG2 and THP1-derived Mϕ macrophages, set up to simulate the hepatic microenvironment, and in vivo, in a mouse model of liver fibrosis obtained by carbon tetrachloride treatment. We evaluated the mRNA and protein expression of profibrotic and oxidative markers (α-SMA, COL1A1, NOX1/4) by qPCR and/or immunocytochemistry or immunohistochemistry. The expression of selected miRNAs in mouse livers were measured by qPCR. Tyr and HTyr reduces fibrogenesis in vitro and in vivo, by downregulating all fibrotic markers. Notably, they also modulated oxidative stress by restoring the physiological levels of NOX1 and NOX4. In vivo, this effect was accompanied by a transcriptional regulation of inflammatory genes and of 2 miRNAs involved in the control of oxidative stress damage (miR-181-5p and miR-29b-3p). In conclusion, Tyr and HTyr exert antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models of liver fibrosis, by modulating hepatic oxidative stress, representing promising candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Pathology, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Nora Cazzagon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy; Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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12
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Poli G, Barravecchia I, Demontis GC, Sodi A, Saba A, Rizzo S, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T. Predicting potentially pathogenic effects of hRPE65 missense mutations: a computational strategy based on molecular dynamics simulations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1765-1772. [PMID: 35726567 PMCID: PMC9225791 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2090547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The human retinal pigment epithelium-specific 65-kDa protein (hRPE65) plays a crucial role within the retinoid visual cycle and several mutations affecting either its expression level or its enzymatic function are associated with inherited retinal diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa. The gene therapy product voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna) has been recently approved for treating hereditary retinal dystrophies; however, the treatment is currently accessible only to patients presenting confirmed biallelic mutations that severely impair hRPE65 function, and many reported hRPE65 missense mutations lack sufficient evidences for proving their pathogenicity. In this context, we developed a computational approach aimed at evaluating the potential pathogenic effect of hRPE65 missense variants located on the dimerisation domain of the protein. The protocol evaluates how mutations may affect folding and conformation stability of this protein region, potentially helping clinicians to evaluate the eligibility for gene therapy of patients diagnosed with this type of hRPE65 variant of uncertain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Molecular Medicine and of the Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Catholic University Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Ceni C, Benko MJ, Mohamed KA, Poli G, Di Stefano M, Tuccinardi T, Digiacomo M, Valoti M, Laprairie RB, Macchia M, Bertini S. Novel Potent and Selective Agonists of the GPR55 Receptor Based on the 3-Benzylquinolin-2(1H)-One Scaffold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070768. [PMID: 35890067 PMCID: PMC9320067 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence underlines the crucial role of GPR55 in physiological and pathological conditions. In fact, GPR55 has recently emerged as a therapeutic target for several diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. Several lines of evidence highlight GPR55′s involvement in the regulation of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, although the exact molecular mechanism has not been yet elucidated. Nevertheless, there are only a limited number of selective GPR55 ligands reported in the literature. In this work, we designed and synthesized a series of novel GPR55 ligands based on the 3-benzylquinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold, some of which showed excellent binding properties (with Ki values in the low nanomolar range) and almost complete selectivity over cannabinoid receptors. The full agonist profile of all the new derivatives was assessed using the p-ERK activation assay and a computational study was conducted to predict the key interactions with the binding site of the receptor. Our data outline a preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) for this class of molecules at GPR55. Some of our compounds are among the most potent GPR55 agonists developed to date and could be useful as tools to validate this receptor as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ceni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Michael J Benko
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kawthar A Mohamed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Robert B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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14
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Bononi G, Di Stefano M, Poli G, Ortore G, Meier P, Masetto F, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Chicca A, Avan A, Giovannetti E, Vagaggini C, Brai A, Dreassi E, Valoti M, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Gertsch J, Tuccinardi T. Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors: Discovery of a New Class of Benzylpiperidine Derivatives. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7118-7140. [PMID: 35522977 PMCID: PMC9150076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Monoacylglycerol
lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for the
metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the brain and the hydrolysis
of peripheral monoacylglycerols. Many studies demonstrated beneficial
effects deriving from MAGL inhibition for neurodegenerative diseases,
inflammatory pathologies, and cancer. MAGL expression is increased
in invasive tumors, furnishing free fatty acids as pro-tumorigenic
signals and for tumor cell growth. Here, a new class of benzylpiperidine-based
MAGL inhibitors was synthesized, leading to the identification of 13, which showed potent reversible and selective MAGL inhibition.
Associated with MAGL overexpression and the prognostic role in pancreatic
cancer, derivative 13 showed antiproliferative activity
and apoptosis induction, as well as the ability to reduce cell migration
in primary pancreatic cancer cultures, and displayed a synergistic
interaction with the chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine. These results
suggest that the class of benzylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors have
potential as a new class of therapeutic agents and MAGL could play
a role in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Philip Meier
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Masetto
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, via Giovannini 13, 56017 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.,Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Galati S, Di Stefano M, Martinelli E, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Poli G, Tuccinardi T. VenomPred: A Machine Learning Based Platform for Molecular Toxicity Predictions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042105. [PMID: 35216217 PMCID: PMC8877213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of in silico toxicity prediction methods plays an important role in the selection of lead compounds and in ADMET studies since in vitro and in vivo methods are often limited by ethics, time, budget and other resources. In this context, we present our new web tool VenomPred, a user-friendly platform for evaluating the potential mutagenic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and estrogenic effects of small molecules. VenomPred platform employs several in-house Machine Learning (ML) models developed with datasets derived from VEGA QSAR, a software that includes a comprehensive collection of different toxicity models and has been used as a reference for building and evaluating our ML models. The results showed that our models achieved equal or better performance than those obtained with the reference models included in VEGA QSAR. In order to improve the predictive performance of our platform, we adopted a consensus approach combining the results of different ML models, which was able to predict chemical toxicity better than the single models. This improved method was thus implemented in the VenomPred platform, a freely accessible webserver that takes the SMILES (Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System) strings of the compounds as input and sends the prediction results providing a probability score about their potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Galati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Miriana Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2219603
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.G.); (M.D.S.); (E.M.); (M.M.); (A.M.); (T.T.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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16
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Poli G, Di Stefano M, Estevez JA, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Giordano A, Parisi S, Mauceri M, Canzonieri V, Macchia M, Caligiuri I, Tuccinardi T, Rizzolio F. New PIN1 inhibitors identified through a pharmacophore-driven, hierarchical consensus docking strategy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:145-150. [PMID: 34894990 PMCID: PMC8667921 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1979970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PIN1 is considered as a therapeutic target for a wide variety of tumours. However, most of known inhibitors are devoid of cellular activity despite their good enzyme inhibitory profile. Hence, the lack of effective compounds for the clinic makes the identification of novel PIN1 inhibitors a hot topic in the medicinal chemistry field. In this work, we reported a virtual screening study for the identification of new promising PIN1 inhibitors. A receptor-based procedure was applied to screen different chemical databases of commercial compounds. Based on the whole workflow, two compounds were selected and biologically evaluated. Both ligands, compounds VS1 and VS2, showed a good enzyme inhibitory activity and VS2 also demonstrated a promising antitumoral activity in ovarian cancer cells. These results confirmed the reliability of our in silico protocol and provided a structurally novel ligand as a valuable starting point for the development of new PIN1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Salvatore Parisi
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
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17
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Gado F, Ceni C, Ferrisi R, Sbrana G, Stevenson LA, Macchia M, Pertwee RG, Bertini S, Manera C, Ortore G. CB1 receptor binding sites for NAM and PAM: A first approach for studying, new n‑butyl‑diphenylcarboxamides as allosteric modulators. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106088. [PMID: 34863873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) modulators has been implicated in multiple pathophysiological events ranging from memory deficits to neurodegenerative disorders among others, even if their central psychiatric side effects such as depression, anxiety, and suicidal tendencies, have limited their clinical use. Thus, the identification of ligands which selectively act on peripheral CB1Rs, is becoming more interesting. A recent study reported a class of peripheral CB1R selective antagonists, characterized by a 5-aryl substituted nicotinamide core. These derivatives have structural similarities with the biphenyl compounds, endowed with CB2R antagonist activity, previously synthesized by our research group. In this work we combined the pharmacophoric portion of both classes, in order to obtain novel CBR antagonists. Among the synthesized compounds rather unexpectedly two compounds of this series, C7 and C10, did not show the radioligand ([3H]CP55940) displacement on CB1R but increased binding (∼ 150%), suggesting a possible allosteric behavior. Computational studies were performed to investigate the role of these compounds in CB1R modulation. The analysis of their binding poses in two different binding cavities of the CB1R surface, revealed a preferred interaction with the experimental binding site for negative allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Costanza Ceni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa Italy; Doctoral school in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Giulia Sbrana
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Lesley A Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa Italy
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18
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Gabbia D, Carpi S, Sarcognato S, Cannella L, Colognesi M, Scaffidi M, Polini B, Digiacomo M, Esposito Salsano J, Manera C, Macchia M, Nieri P, Carrara M, Russo FP, Guido M, De Martin S. The Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleocanthal Exerts Antifibrotic Effects in the Liver. Front Nutr 2021; 8:715183. [PMID: 34671630 PMCID: PMC8521071 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.715183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, which is the outcome of wound-healing response to chronic liver damage, represents an unmet clinical need. This study evaluated the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the polyphenol oleocanthal (OC) extracted from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by an in vitro/in vivo approach. The hepatic cell lines LX2 and HepG2 were used as in vitro models. The mRNA expression of pro-fibrogenic markers, namely alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), a panel of metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) as well as the pro-oxidant genes NADPH oxidases (NOXs) 1 and 4 were evaluated in TGF-β activated LX2 cells by qRT-PCR. α-SMA and COL1A1 protein expression was assessed by immunofluorescence coupled to confocal microscopy. VEGFA release from LX2 was measured by ELISA. We also evaluated the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by H2O2 activated- HepG2 cells. In vivo, OC was administered daily by oral gavage to Balb/C mice with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In this model, we measured the mRNA hepatic expression of the three pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL) IL6, IL17, IL23, chemokines such as C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12), and selected miRNAs (miR-181-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-29b-3p and miR-101b-3p) by qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that OC significantly downregulated the gene/protein expression of α-SMA, COL1A1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7 and VEGF as well as the oxidative enzymes NOX1 and 4 in TGFβ1-activated LX2 cells, and reduced the production of ROS by HepG2. In vivo OC, beside causing a significant reduction of fibrosis at histological assessment, counteracted the CCl4-induced upregulation of pro-fibrotic and inflammatory genes. Moreover, OC upregulated the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (miR-29b-3p and miR-101b-3p) reduced in fibrotic mice, while downregulated the pro-fibrotic miRNAs (miR-221-3p and miR-181-5p), which were dramatically upregulated in fibrotic mice. In conclusion, OC exerts a promising antifibrotic effect via a combined reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation involving putative miRNAs, which in turn reduces hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luana Cannella
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Scaffidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jasmine Esposito Salsano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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Bononi G, Tonarini G, Poli G, Barravecchia I, Caligiuri I, Macchia M, Rizzolio F, Demontis GC, Minutolo F, Granchi C, Tuccinardi T. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors based on a diphenylsulfide-benzoylpiperidine scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113679. [PMID: 34218085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an enzyme belonging to the endocannabinoid system that mainly metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Numerous studies have shown the involvement of this enzyme in various pathological conditions such as pain, cancer progression, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, thus encouraging the development of new MAGL modulators. In this context, we developed new diphenylsulfide-benzoylpiperidine derivatives characterized by a high enzymatic MAGL inhibition activity in the low nanomolar range, a reversible mechanism of action and selectivity. The three most active compounds (15-17) induced an appreciable inhibition of cell viability in a panel of nine cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging between 0.32 and 10 μM, thus highlighting their potential as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tonarini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Demontis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Ferrisi R, Ceni C, Bertini S, Macchia M, Manera C, Gado F. Medicinal Chemistry approach, pharmacology and neuroprotective benefits of CB 2R modulators in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105607. [PMID: 34089867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has continued to receive attention as a key therapeutic target in neuroprotection. Indeed, several findings highlight the neuroprotective effects of CB2R through suppression of both neuronal excitability and reactive microglia. Additionally, CB2R seems to be a more promising target than cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) thanks to the lack of central side effects, its lower expression levels in the central nervous system (CNS), and its inducibility, since its expression enhances quickly in the brain following pathological conditions. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the main natural and synthetic selective CB2R modulators, their chemical classification and their potential therapeutic usefulness in neuroprotection, a crucial aspect for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Costanza Ceni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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21
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Gado F, Digiacomo M, Salsano JE, Macchia M, Manera C. Phenolic Compounds in Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: a review. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:6730-6752. [PMID: 33761849 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210324160324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several clinical studies have shown that exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes adverse effects, such as inflammation, oxidative stress and DNA damage. As a result, different skin disorders can arise among which skin cancer, including non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanoma (MM). Phenolic compounds are plant-derived secondary metabolites with a well-known antioxidant activity, able to counteract the negative effects of UV radiation. In this review we discuss the effects of some selected phenols on NMSC and MM, demonstrating that they can be useful in the prevention and in the treatment of these types of tumors. Moreover, we report the mechanisms by which these phenols carry out their antitumor action. In vitro and in vivo studies have highlighted that many phenols are capable of inducing photoprotection, apoptosis and autophagy. They can also reduce DNA methylation, tumorigenesis, tumor incidence and proliferation. Moreover, we describe some examples of plant extracts, whose anticancer activity appears to be better than that of single phenols. A great concordance of results emerged, despite the differences in experimental methods. Therefore, the knowledge compiled here could provide the basis for conducing some well-organized clinical trials to validate the chemopreventive and the therapeutic potential of some phenolic compounds in patients with NMSC and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
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22
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Arena C, Gado F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Cervetto C, Carpi S, Reynoso-Moreno I, Polini B, Vallini E, Chicca S, Lucarini E, Bertini S, D’Andrea F, Digiacomo M, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M, Gertsch J, Marcoli M, Nieri P, Ghelardini C, Chicca A, Manera C. The endocannabinoid system dual-target ligand N-cycloheptyl-1,2-dihydro-5-bromo-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carboxamide improves disease severity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Bononi G, Poli G, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Granchi C. An updated patent review of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors (2018-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 31:153-168. [PMID: 33085920 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1841166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) belongs to the endocannabinoid system and is responsible for the inactivation of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Importantly, it was found that MAGL degradation of lipids in cancer cells enhances the availability of free fatty acids for new cellular membrane formation and pro-oncogenic lipid modulators. The multifaceted role of MAGL has greatly stimulated the search for MAGL inhibitors, which could be effective to treat diseases, such as inflammation, neurodegeneration and cancer. AREAS COVERED This review covers patents published since 2018 up to now, concerning new MAGL inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications. EXPERT OPINION In the years 2018-2020, several well-known chemical scaffolds of MAGL inhibitors have been further optimized and developed and some new chemical classes have also been identified as MAGL inhibitors. Moreover, an increasing number of scientific publications covering MAGL inhibitors is focused on MAGL-specific positron emission tomography (PET) ligands. The numerous efforts of pharmaceutical companies and academic research groups finalized to find new potent MAGL inhibitors confirm that this research area is rapidly growing. Nevertheless, most of the patented compounds still belong to the large group of irreversible MAGL inhibitors, highlighting that the development of reversible MAGL inhibitors is still an unmet pharmaceutical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS , Aviano, Italy.,Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University , Venezia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
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24
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Granchi C, Bononi G, Ferrisi R, Gori E, Mantini G, Glasmacher S, Poli G, Palazzolo S, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Perin T, Gertsch J, Sodi A, Giovannetti E, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Chicca A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of second-generation benzoylpiperidine derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112857. [PMID: 33045662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An interesting enzyme of the endocannabinoid system is monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). This enzyme, which metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), has attracted great interest due to its involvement in several physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. Experimental evidences highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of irreversible MAGL inhibitors in vivo, therefore the research field concerning reversible inhibitors is rapidly growing. In the present manuscript, the class of benzoylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors was further expanded and optimized. Enzymatic assays identified some compounds in the low nanomolar range and steered molecular dynamics simulations predicted the dissociation itinerary of one of the best compounds from the enzyme, confirming the observed structure-activity relationship. Biological evaluation, including assays in intact U937 cells and competitive activity-based protein profiling experiments in mouse brain membranes, confirmed the selectivity of the selected compounds for MAGL versus other components of the endocannabinoid system. An antiproliferative ability in a panel of cancer cell lines highlighted their potential as potential anticancer agents. Future studies on the potential use of these compounds in the clinical setting are also supported by the inhibition of cell growth observed both in cancer organoids derived from high grade serous ovarian cancer patients and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary cells, which showed genetic and histological features very similar to the primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Carpi S, Polini B, Manera C, Digiacomo M, Salsano JE, Macchia M, Scoditti E, Nieri P. miRNA Modulation and Antitumor Activity by the Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Oleacein in Human Melanoma Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:574317. [PMID: 33071785 PMCID: PMC7539365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.574317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols contribute to Mediterranean diet health-promoting properties. One of the most abundant secoiridoid present in EVOO, Oleacein (OA), demonstrated anticancer activity against several tumors. Nevertheless, its role against melanoma has not still investigated. This study aimed at determining in vitro the antimelanoma activity of OA and the relative mechanism of action. OA induced cell growth inhibition in 501Mel melanoma cells with an IC50 in the low micromolar range of concentrations. Moreover, an OA concentration approximating the IC50 induced G1/S phase arrest, DNA fragmentation, and downregulation of genes encoding antiapoptotic (BCL2 and MCL1) and proproliferative (c-KIT, K-RAS, PIK3R3, mTOR) proteins, while increased transcription levels of the proapoptotic protein BAX. Concordantly, OA increased the levels of miR-193a-3p (targeting MCL1, c-KIT and K-RAS), miR-193a-5p (targeting PIK3R3 and mTOR), miR-34a-5p (targeting BCL2 and c-KIT) and miR-16-5p (miR-16-5p targeting BCL2, K-RAS and mTOR), while decreased miR-214-3p (targeting BAX). These modulatory effects might contribute to the inhibition of 501Mel melanoma cell growth observed after treatment with an olive leaves-derived formulation rich in OA, with potential application against in situ cutaneous melanoma. Altogether, these results demonstrate the ability of OA to contrast the proliferation of cutaneous melanoma cells through the transcriptional modulation of relevant genes and microRNAs, confirming the anticancer potential of EVOO and suggesting OA as a chemopreventive agent for cancer disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Nutrigenomics, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Meini S, Gado F, Stevenson LA, Digiacomo M, Saba A, Codini S, Macchia M, Pertwee RG, Bertini S, Manera C. PSNCBAM-1 analogs: Structural evolutions and allosteric properties at cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112606. [PMID: 32682199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of the CB1Rs could represent an alternative strategy for the treatment of diseases in which these receptors are involved, without the undesirable effects associated with their orthosteric stimulation. PSNCBAM-1 is a reference diaryl urea derivative that positively affects the binding affinity of orthosteric ligands (PAM) and negatively affects the functional activity of orthosteric ligands (NAM) at CB1Rs. In this work we reported the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of three different series of compounds, derived from structural modifications of PSNCBAM-1 and its analogs reported in the recent literature. Almost all the new compounds increased the percentage of binding affinity of CP55940 at CB1Rs, showing a PAM profile. When tested alone in the [35S]GTPγS functional assay, only a few derivatives lacked detectable activity, so were tested in the same functional assay in the presence of CP55940. Among these, compounds 11 and 18 proved to be functional NAMs at CB1Rs, dampening the orthosteric agonist-induced receptor functionality by approximately 30%. The structural features presented in this work provide new CB1R-allosteric modulators (with a profile similar to the reference compound PSNCBAM-1) and an extension of the structure-activity relationships for this type of molecule at CB1Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Meini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lesley A Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Molecular Medicine and of the Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Codini
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Molecular Medicine and of the Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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27
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Gado F, Arena C, Fauci CL, Reynoso-Moreno I, Bertini S, Digiacomo M, Meini S, Poli G, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Gertsch J, Chicca A, Manera C. Modification on the 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carboxamide core to obtain multi-target modulators of endocannabinoid system. Bioorg Chem 2020; 94:103353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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De la Ossa JG, Felice F, Azimi B, Esposito Salsano J, Digiacomo M, Macchia M, Danti S, Di Stefano R. Waste Autochthonous Tuscan Olive Leaves ( Olea europaea var. Olivastra seggianese) as Antioxidant Source for Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235918. [PMID: 31775339 PMCID: PMC6928929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf extract (OLE) can be obtained as biowaste and is extensively used a food supplement and an over-the-counter drug for its beneficial effects. New studies have investigated OLE concerning the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. This in vitro study aims to evaluate if OLE extracted from the Tuscan Olea europaea protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS OLE total polyphenols (TPs) were characterized by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Endothelial cells were grown in conventional cultures (i.e., two-dimensional, 2D) and on a biomaterial scaffold (i.e., three-dimensional, 3D) fabricated via electrospinning. Cell viability and ROS measurement after H2O2 insults were performed. RESULTS OLE TP content was 23.29 mg GAE/g, and oleuropein was the principal compound. The dose-dependent viability curve highlighted the absence of significant cytotoxic effects at OLE concentrations below 250 µg/mL TPs. By using OLE preconditioning at 100 µg/mL, cell viability decrease was observed, being in 3D lower than in the 2D model. OLE was protective against ROS in both models. CONCLUSIONS OLE represents a high-value antioxidant source obtained by biowaste that is interesting for biomedical products. Using a 3D scaffold could be the best predictive model to mimic the physiological conditions of vascular tissue reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Gustavo De la Ossa
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.G.D.l.O.); (F.F.)
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Francesca Felice
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.G.D.l.O.); (F.F.)
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Jasmine Esposito Salsano
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.D.S.); Tel.: +39-050-2217874 (S.D.); +39-050-992412 (R.D.S.)
| | - Rossella Di Stefano
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (J.G.D.l.O.); (F.F.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.D.S.); Tel.: +39-050-2217874 (S.D.); +39-050-992412 (R.D.S.)
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Carpi S, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Polini B, Manera C, Digiacomo M, Esposito Salsano J, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Carluccio MA, Macchia M, Wabitsch M, De Caterina R, Nieri P. The Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Oleocanthal and Oleacein Counteract Inflammation-Related Gene and miRNA Expression in Adipocytes by Attenuating NF-κB Activation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122855. [PMID: 31766503 PMCID: PMC6950227 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of several chronic diseases associated with obesity. Polyphenols of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), such as the secoiridoids oleocanthal (OC) and oleacein (OA), have many nutraceutical proprieties. However, their roles in obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation, the NF-κB pathway and related sub-networks have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated impact of OC and OA on the activation of NF-κB and the expression of molecules associated with inflammatory and dysmetabolic responses. To this aim, fully differentiated Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were pre-treated with OC or OA before stimulation with TNF-α. EVOO polyphenols significantly reduced the expression of genes implicated in adipocyte inflammation (IL-1β, COX-2), angiogenesis (VEGF/KDR, MMP-2), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase), antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPX), leukocytes chemotaxis and infiltration (MCP-1, CXCL-10, MCS-F), and improved the expression of the anti-inflammatory/metabolic effector PPARγ. Accordingly, miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p and let-7c-5p, tightly connected with the NF-κB pathway, were deregulated by TNF-α in both cells and exosomes. The miRNA modulation and NF-κB activation by TNF-α was significantly counteracted by EVOO polyphenols. Computational studies suggested a potential direct interaction between OC and NF-κB at the basis of its activity. This study demonstrates that OC and OA counteract adipocyte inflammation attenuating NF-κB activation. Therefore, these compounds could be novel dietary tools for the prevention of inflammatory diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2219597
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jasmine Esposito Salsano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | | | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Tampucci S, Carpi S, Digiacomo M, Polini B, Fogli S, Burgalassi S, Macchia M, Nieri P, Manera C, Monti D. Diclofenac-Derived Hybrids for Treatment of Actinic Keratosis and Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Molecules 2019; 24:E1793. [PMID: 31075867 PMCID: PMC6539072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, hybrid compounds 1-4 obtained by conjugation of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac, with natural molecules endowed with antioxidant and antiproliferative activity were prepared. The antiproliferative activity of these hybrids was evaluated on immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), an actinic keratosis (AK) model, and on human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells (A431). Hybrid 1 presented the best activity in both cell models. Self-assembling surfactant nanomicelles have been chosen as the carrier to drive the hybrid 1 into the skin; the in vitro permeation through and penetration into pig ear skin have been evaluated. Among the nanostructured formulations tested, Nano3Hybrid20 showed a higher tendency of the hybrid 1 to be retained in the skin rather than permeating it, with a desirable topical and non-systemic action. On these bases, hybrid 1 may represent an attractive lead scaffold for the development of new treatments for AK and SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tampucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" (NutraFood), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" (NutraFood), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" (NutraFood), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Susi Burgalassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" (NutraFood), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" (NutraFood), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" (NutraFood), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Poli G, Lapillo M, Jha V, Mouawad N, Caligiuri I, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Rizzolio F, Tuccinardi T, Granchi C. Computationally driven discovery of phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanone derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:589-596. [PMID: 30696302 PMCID: PMC6352951 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1571271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an attractive therapeutic target for many pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer as well as chronic pain and inflammatory pathologies. The identification of reversible MAGL inhibitors, devoid of the side effects associated to prolonged MAGL inactivation, is a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. In this study, a novel phenyl(piperazin-1-yl)methanone inhibitor of MAGL was identified through a virtual screening protocol based on a fingerprint-driven consensus docking (CD) approach. Molecular modeling and preliminary structure-based hit optimization studies allowed the discovery of derivative 4, which showed an efficient reversible MAGL inhibition (IC50 = 6.1 µM) and a promising antiproliferative activity on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines (IC50 of 31-72 µM), thus representing a lead for the development of new and more potent reversible MAGL inhibitors. Moreover, the obtained results confirmed the reliability of the fingerprint-driven CD approach herein developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Vibhu Jha
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,b Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- b Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | - Flavio Rizzolio
- b Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Italy.,c Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems , Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia , Venezia , Italy
| | | | - Carlotta Granchi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,d Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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Lapillo M, Tuccinardi T, Martinelli A, Macchia M, Giordano A, Poli G. Extensive Reliability Evaluation of Docking-Based Target-Fishing Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051023. [PMID: 30818741 PMCID: PMC6429110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of target-fishing approaches, aimed at identifying the possible protein targets of a small molecule, represents a hot topic in medicinal chemistry. A successful target-fishing approach would allow for the elucidation of the mechanism of action of all therapeutically interesting compounds for which the actual target is still unknown. Moreover, target-fishing would be essential for preventing adverse effects of drug candidates, by predicting their potential off-targets, and it would speed up drug repurposing campaigns. However, due to the huge number of possible protein targets that a small-molecule might interact with, experimental target-fishing approaches are out of reach. In silico target-fishing represents a valuable alternative, and examples of receptor-based approaches, exploiting the large number of crystallographic protein structures determined to date, have been reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, no proper evaluation of such approaches is, however, reported yet. In the present work, we extensively assessed the reliability of docking-based target-fishing strategies. For this purpose, a set of X-ray structures belonging to different targets was selected, and a dataset of compounds, including 10 experimentally active ligands for each target, was created. A target-fishing benchmark database was then obtained, and used to assess the performance of 13 different docking procedures, in identifying the correct target of the dataset ligands. Moreover, a consensus docking-based target-fishing strategy was developed and evaluated. The analysis highlighted that specific features of the target proteins could affect the reliability of the protocol, which however, proved to represent a valuable tool in the proper applicability domain. Our study represents the first extensive performance assessment of docking-based target-fishing approaches, paving the way for the development of novel efficient receptor-based target fishing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Granchi C, Lapillo M, Glasmacher S, Bononi G, Licari C, Poli G, el Boustani M, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Gertsch J, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Chicca A. Optimization of a Benzoylpiperidine Class Identifies a Highly Potent and Selective Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1932-1958. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Licari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maguie el Boustani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- Doctoral School in Molecular Biomedicine, University of Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University, 30123 Venezia, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Palla M, Digiacomo M, Cristani C, Bertini S, Giovannetti M, Macchia M, Manera C, Agnolucci M. Composition of health-promoting phenolic compounds in two extra virgin olive oils and diversity of associated yeasts. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bononi G, Granchi C, Lapillo M, Giannotti M, Nieri D, Fortunato S, Boustani ME, Caligiuri I, Poli G, Carlson KE, Kim SH, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Rizzolio F, Chicca A, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Discovery of long-chain salicylketoxime derivatives as monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:817-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Giusti L, Angeloni C, Barbalace MC, Lacerenza S, Ciregia F, Ronci M, Urbani A, Manera C, Digiacomo M, Macchia M, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A, Hrelia S. A Proteomic Approach to Uncover Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Oleocanthal against Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2329. [PMID: 30096819 PMCID: PMC6121693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that share common features like abnormal protein aggregation, perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, excitotoxicity, impairment of mitochondrial functions, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Despite recent advances in the research of biomarkers, early diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy, there are no treatments that can halt the progression of these age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate that long-term intake of a Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of extra virgin olive oil, correlates with better cognition in aged populations. Olive oil phenolic compounds have been demonstrated to have different biological activities like antioxidant, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Oleocanthal, a phenolic component of extra virgin olive oil, is getting more and more scientific attention due to its interesting biological activities. The aim of this research was to characterize the neuroprotective effects of oleocanthal against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, protein expression profiling, combined with pathways analyses, was used to investigate the molecular events related to the protective effects. Oleocanthal was demonstrated to counteract oxidative stress, increasing cell viability, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) intracellular level. Proteomic analysis revealed that oleocanthal significantly modulates 19 proteins in the presence of H₂O₂. In particular, oleocanthal up-regulated proteins related to the proteasome, the chaperone heat shock protein 90, the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase, and the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 1. Moreover, oleocanthal protection seems to be mediated by Akt activation. These data offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms behind oleocanthal protection against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Cristina Barbalace
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | | | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 65127 Pescara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, 00198 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
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Gado F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Lucarini E, Bertini S, Cappelli E, Digiacomo M, Stevenson LA, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Ghelardini C, Pertwee RG, Manera C. Identification of the First Synthetic Allosteric Modulator of the CB 2 Receptors and Evidence of Its Efficacy for Neuropathic Pain Relief. J Med Chem 2018; 62:276-287. [PMID: 29990428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The direct activation of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) results in several beneficial effects; therefore several CBRs ligands have been synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo. However, none of them reached an advanced phase of clinical development due mainly to side effects on the CNS. Medicinal chemistry approaches are now engaged to develop allosteric modulators that might offer a novel therapeutic approach to achieve potential therapeutic benefits avoiding inherent side effects of orthosteric ligands. Here we identify the first ever synthesized positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that targets CB2Rs. The evidence for this was obtained using [3H]CP55940 and [35S]GTPγS binding assays. This finding will be useful for the characterization of allosteric binding site(s) on CB2Rs which will be essential for the further development of CB2R allosteric modulators. Moreover, the new CB2R PAM displayed antinociceptive activity in vivo in an experimental mouse model of neuropathic pain, raising the possibility that it might be a good candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Elena Cappelli
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Lesley A Stevenson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Aberdeen , AB25 2ZD Aberdeen , Scotland, U.K
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , 56126 Pisa , Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Florence , 50139 Florence , Italy
| | - Roger G Pertwee
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences , University of Aberdeen , AB25 2ZD Aberdeen , Scotland, U.K
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38
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Polini B, Digiacomo M, Carpi S, Bertini S, Gado F, Saccomanni G, Macchia M, Nieri P, Manera C, Fogli S. Oleocanthal and oleacein contribute to the in vitro therapeutic potential of extra virgin oil-derived extracts in non-melanoma skin cancer. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:243-250. [PMID: 29959992 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the anticancer properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) extracts have been recognized, the role of single compounds in non-melanoma skin cancer is still unknown. The in vitro chemopreventive and anticancer action of EVOO extracts and oil-derived compounds in non-melanoma skin cancer models were evaluated on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells and on immortalized human keratinocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor. Preparation of EVOO extracts and isolation of single compounds was carried out by chromatographic methods. Antitumor activity was assessed by cell-based assays (cell viability, migration, clonogenicity, and spheroid formation) and apoptosis documented by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Finally, inhibition of key oncogenic signaling nodes involved in the progression from actinic keratosis to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was studied by western blot. EVOO extracts reduced non-melanoma skin cancer cell viability and migration, prevented colony and spheroid formation, and inhibited proliferation of atypical keratinocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor. Such a pharmacological activity was promoted by oleocanthal and oleacein through the inhibition of Erk and Akt phosphorylation and the suppression of B-Raf expression, whereas tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol did not have effect. The current study provides in vitro evidence for new potential clinical applications of EVOO extracts and/or single oil-derived compounds in the prevention and treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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39
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Chicca A, Arena C, Bertini S, Gado F, Ciaglia E, Abate M, Digiacomo M, Lapillo M, Poli G, Bifulco M, Macchia M, Tuccinardi T, Gertsch J, Manera C. Polypharmacological profile of 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carboxamides in the endocannabinoid system. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 154:155-171. [PMID: 29793210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) represents one of the major neuromodulatory systems involved in different physiological and pathological processes. Multi-target compounds exert their activities by acting via multiple mechanisms of action and represent a promising pharmacological modulation of the ECS. In this work we report 4-substituted and 4,5-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridine-3-carboxamide derivatives with a broad spectrum of affinity and functional activity towards both cannabinoid receptors and additional effects on the main components of the ECS. In particular compound B3 showed high affinity for CB1R (Ki = 23.1 nM, partial agonist) and CB2R (Ki = 6.9 nM, inverse agonist) and also significant inhibitory activity (IC50 = 70 nM) on FAAH with moderate inhibition of ABHD12 (IC50 = 2.5 μΜ). Compounds B4, B5 and B6 that act as full agonists at CB1R and as partial agonists (B5 and B6) or antagonist (B4) at CB2R, exhibited an additional multi-target property by inhibiting anandamide uptake with sub-micromolar IC50 values (0.28-0.62 μΜ). The best derivatives showed cytotoxic activity on U937 lymphoblastoid cells. Finally, molecular docking analysis carried out on the three-dimensional structures of CB1R and CB2R and of FAAH allowed to rationalize the structure-activity relationships of this series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Arena
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mario Abate
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53019, Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
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40
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Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Baraldi PG, Baraldi S, Ruggiero E, De Stefano L, Rizzolio F, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Chicca A, Lapillo M, Gertsch J, Manera C, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Granchi C, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Discovery of 1,5-Diphenylpyrazole-3-Carboxamide Derivatives as Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1340-1354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ruggiero
- Department
of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucia De Stefano
- Graduate
School in Chemistry, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Division
of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular
Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Division
of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular
Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari Università di Venezia, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department
of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department
of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Firenze, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco Macchia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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41
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Abstract
Hit identification and hit-to-lead optimization are key steps of the early drug discovery program. Starting from the X-ray crystal structure of the human monoacylglycerol lipase (hMAGL), we herein describe the computational and experimental procedures that we applied for identifying and optimizing a new active inhibitor of this target enzyme. A receptor-based virtual screening method is reported in details, together with enzymatic assays and a first round of hit optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS, Pordenone, Italy
- Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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42
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Bertini S, Ghilardi E, Asso V, Minutolo F, Rapposelli S, Digiacomo M, Saccomanni G, Salmaso V, Sturlese M, Moro S, Macchia M, Manera C. Sulfonamido-derivatives of unsubstituted carbazoles as BACE1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4812-4816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Bertini S, Chicca A, Gado F, Arena C, Nieri D, Digiacomo M, Saccomanni G, Zhao P, Abood ME, Macchia M, Gertsch J, Manera C. Novel analogs of PSNCBAM-1 as allosteric modulators of cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6427-6434. [PMID: 29079014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we explored the molecular framework of the known CB1R allosteric modulator PSNCBAM-1 with the aim to generate new bioactive analogs and to deepen the structure-activity relationships of this type of compounds. In particular, the introduction of a NH group between the pyridine ring and the phenyl nucleus generated the amino-phenyl-urea derivative SN15b that behaved as a positive allosteric modulator (PAM), increasing the CB1R binding affinity of the orthosteric ligand CP55,940. The functional activity was evaluated using serum response element (SRE) assay, which assesses the CB1R-dependent activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. SN15b and the biphenyl-urea analog SC4a significantly inhibited the response produced by CP55,940 in the low µM range, thus behaving as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). The new derivatives presented here provide further insights about the modulation of CB1R binding and functional activity by allosteric ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bertini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Arena
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Nieri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Pingwei Zhao
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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44
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Granchi C, Caligiuri I, Bertelli E, Poli G, Rizzolio F, Macchia M, Martinelli A, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Development of terphenyl-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives as selective reversible MAGL inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1240-1252. [PMID: 28936880 PMCID: PMC6009861 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1375484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase is a serine hydrolase that plays a major role in the degradation of the endocannabinoid neurotransmitter 2-arachidonoylglycerol. A wide number of MAGL inhibitors are reported in literature; however, many of them are characterised by an irreversible mechanism of action and this behavior determines an unwanted chronic MAGL inactivation, which acquires a functional antagonism of the endocannabinoid system. The possible use of reversible MAGL inhibitors has only recently been explored, due to the lack of known compounds possessing efficient reversible inhibitory activities. In this work, we report a new series of terphenyl-2-methyloxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives characterised by a reversible MAGL-inhibition mechanism. Among them, compound 20b showed to be a potent MAGL reversible inhibitor (IC50 = 348 nM) with a good MAGL/FAAH selectivity. Furthermore, this compound showed antiproliferative activities against two different cancer cell lines that overexpress MAGL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- b Unit of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research , National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine , Aviano , Pordenone , Italy
| | | | - Giulio Poli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- c Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems , Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia , Venezia-Mestre , Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,d Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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45
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Sestito S, Nesi G, Pi R, Macchia M, Rapposelli S. Hydrogen Sulfide: A Worthwhile Tool in the Design of New Multitarget Drugs. Front Chem 2017; 5:72. [PMID: 29021980 PMCID: PMC5623673 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
H2S is a gaseous molecule able to trigger a plethora of central physiological and pharmacological effects as antioxidant, pro- and anti-inflammatory, pro- and anti-nociceptive, neuromodulator, and cytoprotective. The polypharmacology of H2S depends on the wide variety of targets implicated, but, despite the efforts, the mechanisms of action that should clarify its activity are still not completely unrevealed. Nevertheless, many attempts to exploit the multifaceted profile of this molecule have already been accomplished and many chemical entities containing an H2S-releasing pharmacophore have been synthetized. Here we discuss recent investigations on multitarget molecules able to release H2S, with a particular focus on the combinations of "native drug" with moieties structurally able to release H2S and their applications as therapeutic tools in bone disease, gastrointestinal system and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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46
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Fiammetta F, Carducci A, Davini G, Macchia M, Bertini S, Vecchiani S, Ceccanti S. Development of Methods for Recovering Endotoxins from Surfaces and from Air in Production Environment of Injectable Drugs. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol 2017; 71:502-510. [PMID: 28819048 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2017.007674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop and validate methods for quantifying endotoxins on surfaces and in the air of the manufacturing environment of injectable drugs, in order to use them to evaluate the quality of the process and the risk for the products processed therein. The method for recovering endotoxins from surfaces is a direct method that provides sampling surfaces by swabbing and extraction of endotoxins from the swabs with an appropriate diluent, while the method for airborne endotoxins provides an air-active sampling on a glass fiber filter and endotoxins extraction with an appropriate diluent.LAY ABSTRACT: Bacterial endotoxins are present in the environments devoted to the manufacturing of injectable drugs and could be a real risk for the quality and the safety of such drugs. So the quality control laboratories should have analytical methods to recover bacterial endotoxins from environmental samples. The aim of this publication is to show how we succeeded in developing and validating methods to quantify bacterial endotoxins on surfaces and in the air.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalaura Carducci
- Department of Biology, Hygiene Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giulia Davini
- University of Pisa and Abiogen Pharma S.p.A., Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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47
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Granchi C, Rizzolio F, Palazzolo S, Carmignani S, Macchia M, Saccomanni G, Manera C, Martinelli A, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Structural Optimization of 4-Chlorobenzoylpiperidine Derivatives for the Development of Potent, Reversible, and Selective Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10299-10314. [PMID: 27809504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors are considered potential therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions, including several types of cancer. Many MAGL inhibitors are reported in literature; however, most of them showed an irreversible mechanism of action, which caused important side effects. The use of reversible MAGL inhibitors has been only partially investigated so far, mainly because of the lack of compounds with good MAGL reversible inhibition properties. In this study, starting from the (4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl)(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (CL6a) lead compound that showed a reversible mechanism of MAGL inhibition (Ki = 8.6 μM), we started its structural optimization and we developed a new potent and selective MAGL inhibitor (17b, Ki = 0.65 μM). Furthermore, modeling studies suggested that the binding interactions of this compound replace a structural water molecule reproducing its H-bonds in the MAGL binding site, thus identifying a new key anchoring point for the development of new MAGL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS , 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Division of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, National Cancer Institute and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, IRCCS , 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy.,Graduate School in Nanotechnology, University of Trieste , 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Carmignani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Saccomanni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa , Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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48
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Fogli S, Arena C, Carpi S, Polini B, Bertini S, Digiacomo M, Gado F, Saba A, Saccomanni G, Breschi MC, Nieri P, Manera C, Macchia M. Cytotoxic Activity of Oleocanthal Isolated from Virgin Olive Oil on Human Melanoma Cells. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:873-7. [PMID: 27266366 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1180407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oleocanthal is one of the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil with important anti-inflammatory properties. Although its potential anticancer activity has been reported, only limited evidence has been provided in cutaneous malignant melanoma. The present study is aimed at investigating the selective in vitro antiproliferative activity of oleocanthal against human malignant melanoma cells. Since oleocanthal is not commercially available, it was obtained as a pure standard by direct extraction and purification from extra virgin olive oil. Cell viability experiments carried out by WST-1 assay demonstrated that oleocanthal had a remarkable and selective activity for human melanoma cells versus normal dermal fibroblasts with IC50s in the low micromolar range of concentrations. Such an effect was paralleled by a significant inhibition of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. These findings may suggest that extra virgin olive oil phenolic extract enriched in oleocanthal deserves further investigation in skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fogli
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Chiara Arena
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Simone Bertini
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Alessandro Saba
- c Department of Surgery , Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Nieri
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Clementina Manera
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
- b Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health" University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Corchia I, Granchi C, Lapillo M, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Ortore G, Martinelli A. A Virtual Screening Study for Lactate Dehydrogenase 5 Inhibitors by Using a Pharmacophore-based Approach. Mol Inform 2016; 35:434-9. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201501026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Isacco Corchia
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Adriano Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Pisa; Via Bonanno, 6 - 56126 Pisa Italy
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Bertini S, Chicca A, Arena C, Chicca S, Saccomanni G, Gertsch J, Manera C, Macchia M. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new biphenylic derivatives as CB2 receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:252-266. [PMID: 27078864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Targeting type-2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2) is considered a feasible strategy to develop new drugs for the treatment of diseases like neuropathic pain, chronic inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Such drugs are devoid of the undesired central side effects that are typically mediated by the CB1 receptor. In this work we synthesized 18 biphenylic carboxamides as new CB2-selective ligands and evaluated their pharmacological profiles. The functional activity of these compounds is strongly influenced by the nature of the substituent at position 4' and 5 of the biphenyl scaffold. Position 5 seems to be responsible for the agonist or inverse agonist behaviour independently of the substituent in position 4', with the exception of the methoxyl group which transforms both full agonists and inverse agonists into neutral antagonists. This study provides a novel complete toolbox of CB2 functional modulators that derive from the same chemical scaffold. Such probes may be useful to investigate the biological role of CB2 receptors in cellular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bertini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Arena
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Saccomanni
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Clementina Manera
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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