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Gonzalez Porras MA, Gransee HM, Denton TT, Shen D, Webb KL, Brinker CJ, Noureddine A, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. CTB-targeted protocells enhance ability of lanthionine ketenamine analogs to induce autophagy in motor neuron-like cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2581. [PMID: 36781993 PMCID: PMC9925763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired autophagy, a cellular digestion process that eliminates proteins and damaged organelles, has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disorders. Motor neuron targeted upregulation of autophagy may serve as a promising therapeutic approach. Lanthionine ketenamine (LK), an amino acid metabolite found in mammalian brain tissue, activates autophagy in neuronal cell lines. We hypothesized that analogs of LK can be targeted to motor neurons using nanoparticles to improve autophagy flux. Using a mouse motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34), we tested the effect of three different LK analogs on autophagy modulation, either alone or loaded in nanoparticles. For fluorescence visualization of autophagy flux, we used a mCherry-GFP-LC3 plasmid reporter. We also evaluated protein expression changes in LC3-II/LC3-I ratio obtained by western blot, as well as presence of autophagic vacuoles per cell obtained by electron microscopy. Delivering LK analogs with targeted nanoparticles significantly enhanced autophagy flux in differentiated motor neuron-like cells compared to LK analogs alone, suggesting the need of a delivery vehicle to enhance their efficacy. In conclusion, LK analogs loaded in nanoparticles targeting motor neurons constitute a promising treatment option to induce autophagy flux, which may serve to mitigate motor neuron degeneration/loss and preserve motor function in motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Travis T Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd, College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dunxin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kevin L Webb
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Achraf Noureddine
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- MB2-758, St Mary's Hospital, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Acosta FM, Gonzalez Porras MA, Stojkova K, Pacelli S, Rathbone CR, Brey EM. Three-Dimensional Culture of Vascularized Thermogenic Adipose Tissue from Microvascular Fragments. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 36806034 DOI: 10.3791/64650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering thermogenic adipose tissue (e.g., beige or brown adipose tissues) has been investigated as a potential therapy for metabolic diseases or for the design of personalized microtissues for health screening and drug testing. Current strategies are often quite complex and fail to accurately fully depict the multicellular and functional properties of thermogenic adipose tissue. Microvascular fragments, small intact microvessels comprised of arteriole, venules, and capillaries isolated from adipose tissue, serve as a single autologous source of cells that enable vascularization and adipose tissue formation. This article describes methods for optimizing culture conditions to enable the generation of three-dimensional, vascularized, and functional thermogenic adipose tissues from microvascular fragments, including protocols for isolating microvascular fragments from adipose tissue and culture conditions. Additionally, best practices are discussed, as are techniques for characterizing the engineered tissues, and sample results from both rodent and human microvascular fragments are provided. This approach has the potential to be utilized for the understanding and development of treatments for obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center
| | - Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Christopher R Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio;
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Goddi A, Carmona A, Park SY, Dalgin G, Gonzalez Porras MA, Brey EM, Cohen RN. Laminin-α4 Negatively Regulates Adipocyte Beiging Through the Suppression of AMPKα in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6704644. [PMID: 36124842 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-α4 (LAMA4) is an extracellular matrix protein implicated in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and function. Prior research describes a role for LAMA4 in modulating adipocyte thermogenesis and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) expression in white adipose; however, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here, we describe that Lama4 knockout mice (Lama4-/-) exhibit heightened mitochondrial biogenesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) expression in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). Furthermore, the acute silencing of LAMA4 with small interfering RNA in primary murine adipocytes was sufficient to upregulate the expression of thermogenic markers UCP1 and PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16). Silencing also resulted in an upregulation of PGC1-α and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α expression. Subsequently, we show that integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is downregulated in the sWAT of Lama4-/- mice, and its silencing in adipocytes similarly resulted in elevated expression of UCP1 and AMPKα. Last, we demonstrate that treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived thermogenic adipocytes with LAMA4 (LN411) inhibited the expression of thermogenic markers and AMPKα. Overall, our results indicate that LAMA4 negatively regulates a thermogenic phenotype and pathways involving mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes through the suppression of AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Alanis Carmona
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gokhan Dalgin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Stojkova K, Acosta FM, Rathbone CR, Brey EM. Engineering Human Beige Adipose Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:906395. [PMID: 35845420 PMCID: PMC9283722 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.906395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we described a method for generating functional, beige (thermogenic) adipose microtissues from human microvascular fragments (MVFs). The MVFs were isolated from adipose tissue acquired from adults over 50 years of age. The tissues express thermogenic gene markers and reproduce functions essential for the potential therapeutic impact of beige adipose tissues such as enhanced lipid metabolism and increased mitochondrial respiration. MVFs serve as a potential single, autologous source of cells that can be isolated from adult patients, induced to recreate functional aspects of beige adipose tissue and enable rapid vascularization post-transplantation. This approach has the potential to be used as an autologous therapy for metabolic diseases or as a model for the development of a personalized approach to high-throughput drug development/screening for adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Eric M. Brey,
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Mahadevan AS, Long BL, Hu CW, Ryan DT, Grandel NE, Britton GL, Bustos M, Gonzalez Porras MA, Stojkova K, Ligeralde A, Son H, Shannonhouse J, Robinson JT, Warmflash A, Brey EM, Kim YS, Qutub AA. cytoNet: Spatiotemporal network analysis of cell communities. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009846. [PMID: 35696439 PMCID: PMC9191702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce cytoNet, a cloud-based tool to characterize cell populations from microscopy images. cytoNet quantifies spatial topology and functional relationships in cell communities using principles of network science. Capturing multicellular dynamics through graph features, cytoNet also evaluates the effect of cell-cell interactions on individual cell phenotypes. We demonstrate cytoNet’s capabilities in four case studies: 1) characterizing the temporal dynamics of neural progenitor cell communities during neural differentiation, 2) identifying communities of pain-sensing neurons in vivo, 3) capturing the effect of cell community on endothelial cell morphology, and 4) investigating the effect of laminin α4 on perivascular niches in adipose tissue. The analytical framework introduced here can be used to study the dynamics of complex cell communities in a quantitative manner, leading to a deeper understanding of environmental effects on cellular behavior. The versatile, cloud-based format of cytoNet makes the image analysis framework accessible to researchers across domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun S. Mahadevan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Byron L. Long
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chenyue W. Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David T. Ryan
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicolas E. Grandel
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - George L. Britton
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marisol Bustos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew Ligeralde
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Hyeonwi Son
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Shannonhouse
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacob T. Robinson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- UTSA–UT Health Joint Graduate Group in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yu Shin Kim
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- UTSA–UT Health Joint Graduate Group in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Programs in Integrated Biomedical Sciences, Translational Sciences, Radiological Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amina A. Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- UTSA–UT Health Joint Graduate Group in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- UTSA AI MATRIX Consortium, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Gransee HM, Gonzalez Porras MA, Denton TT, Shen D, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Induction of Autophagy in Motor Neurons with Lanthionine Ketenamine Analogs. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Travis T. Denton
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWA
| | - Dunxin Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesWashington State UniversitySpokaneWA
| | - Gary C. Sieck
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Carlos B. Mantilla
- Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMN
- Physiology & Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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7
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Goddi A, Carmona A, Schroedl L, White JM, Piron MJ, De Leon A, Casimiro I, Hoffman A, Gonzalez Porras MA, Brey EM, Brady MJ, Cohen RN. Laminin-α4 Is Upregulated in Both Human and Murine Models of Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:698621. [PMID: 34394003 PMCID: PMC8355986 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.698621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects nearly one billion globally and can lead to life-threatening sequelae. Consequently, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutics. We have previously shown that laminin, alpha 4 (Lama4) knockout in mice leads to resistance to adipose tissue accumulation; however, the relationship between LAMA4 and obesity in humans has not been established. In this study we measured laminin-α chain and collagen mRNA expression in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of mice placed on chow (RCD) or 45% high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, and also in HFD mice then placed on a "weight loss" regimen (8 weeks HFD followed by 6 weeks RCD). To assess extracellular matrix (ECM) components in humans with obesity, laminin subunit alpha mRNA and protein expression was measured in sWAT biopsies of female control subjects (BMI<30) or subjects with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery at the University of Chicago Medical Center (BMI>35) both before and three months after surgery. Lama4 was significantly higher in sWAT of HFD compared to RCD mice at both the RNA and protein level (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively). sWAT from human subjects with obesity also showed significantly higher LAMA4 mRNA (p<0.01) and LAMA4 protein expression (p<0.05) than controls. Interestingly, even though LAMA4 expression was increased in both humans and murine models of obesity, no significant difference in Lama4 or LAMA4 expression was detected following short-term weight loss in either mouse or human samples, respectively. From these results we propose a significant association between obesity and elevated LAMA4 expression in humans, as well as in mouse models of obesity. Further studies should clarify the mechanisms underlying this association to target LAMA4 effectively as a potential therapy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Goddi
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alanis Carmona
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Liesl Schroedl
- Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeremy M. White
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew J. Piron
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Avelino De Leon
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Isabel Casimiro
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexandria Hoffman
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria A. Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eric M. Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Matthew J. Brady
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ronald N. Cohen
- Committee on Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Stojkova K, Vaicik MK, Pelowe A, Goddi A, Carmona A, Long B, Qutub AA, Gonzalez A, Cohen RN, Brey EM. Integrins and extracellular matrix proteins modulate adipocyte thermogenic capacity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5442. [PMID: 33686208 PMCID: PMC7940610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic disease epidemic has led to an increase in morbidity and mortality. A rise in adipose thermogenic capacity via activation of brown or beige fat is a potential treatment for metabolic diseases. However, an understanding of how local factors control adipocyte fate is limited. Mice with a null mutation in the laminin α4 (LAMA4) gene (KO) exhibit resistance to obesity and enhanced expression of thermogenic fat markers in white adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, changes in WAT extracellular matrix composition in the absence of LAMA4 were evaluated using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. KO-mice showed lower levels of collagen 1A1 and 3A1, and integrins α7 (ITA7) and β1 (ITB1). ITA7-ITB1 and collagen 1A1-3A1 protein levels were lower in brown adipose tissue compared to WAT in wild-type mice. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed lower levels and different spatial distribution of ITA7 in KO-WAT. In culture studies, ITA7 and LAMA4 levels decreased following a 12-day differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into beige fat, and knock-down of ITA7 during differentiation increased beiging. These results demonstrate that extracellular matrix interactions regulate adipocyte thermogenic capacity and that ITA7 plays a role in beige adipose formation. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these interactions can be used to improve systemic energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, AET 1.102, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Katerina Stojkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, AET 1.102, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Marcella K Vaicik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Pelowe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna Goddi
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alanis Carmona
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Byron Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, AET 1.102, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Amina A Qutub
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, AET 1.102, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ronald N Cohen
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric M Brey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, AET 1.102, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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Fogarty MJ, Gonzalez Porras MA, Mantilla CB, Sieck GC. Diaphragm neuromuscular transmission failure in aged rats. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:93-104. [PMID: 31042426 PMCID: PMC6689786 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00061.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In aging Fischer 344 rats, phrenic motor neuron loss, neuromuscular junction abnormalities, and diaphragm muscle (DIAm) sarcopenia are present by 24 mo of age, with larger fast-twitch fatigue-intermediate (type FInt) and fast-twitch fatigable (type FF) motor units particularly vulnerable. We hypothesize that in old rats, DIAm neuromuscular transmission deficits are specific to type FInt and/or FF units. In phrenic nerve/DIAm preparations from rats at 6 and 24 mo of age, the phrenic nerve was supramaximally stimulated at 10, 40, or 75 Hz. Every 15 s, the DIAm was directly stimulated, and the difference in forces evoked by nerve and muscle stimulation was used to estimate neuromuscular transmission failure. Neuromuscular transmission failure in the DIAm was observed at each stimulation frequency. In the initial stimulus trains, the forces evoked by phrenic nerve stimulation at 40 and 75 Hz were significantly less than those evoked by direct muscle stimulation, and this difference was markedly greater in 24-mo-old rats. During repetitive nerve stimulation, neuromuscular transmission failure at 40 and 75 Hz worsened to a greater extent in 24-mo-old rats compared with younger animals. Because type IIx and/or IIb DIAm fibers (type FInt and/or FF motor units) display greater susceptibility to neuromuscular transmission failure at higher frequencies of stimulation, these data suggest that the age-related loss of larger phrenic motor neurons impacts nerve conduction to muscle at higher frequencies and may contribute to DIAm sarcopenia in old rats. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diaphragm muscle (DIAm) sarcopenia, phrenic motor neuron loss, and perturbations of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are well described in aged rodents and selectively affect FInt and FF motor units. Less attention has been paid to the motor unit-specific aspects of nerve-muscle conduction. In old rats, increased neuromuscular transmission failure occurred at stimulation frequencies where FInt and FF motor units exhibit conduction failures, along with decreased apposition of pre- and postsynaptic domains of DIAm NMJs of these units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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10
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Fogarty MJ, Gransee HM, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Frequency-dependent lipid raft uptake at rat diaphragm muscle axon terminals. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:611-618. [PMID: 30677149 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In motor neurons, cholera toxin B (CTB) binds to the cell-surface ganglioside GM1 and is internalized and transported via structurally unique components of plasma membranes (lipid rafts). METHODS Lipid raft uptake by axon terminals adjoining type-identified rat diaphragm muscle fibers was investigated using CTB and confocal imaging. RESULTS Lipid raft uptake increased significantly at higher frequency stimulation (80 Hz), compared with lower frequency (20 Hz) and unstimulated (0 Hz) conditions. The fraction of axon terminal occupied by CTB was ∼45% at 0- or 20-Hz stimulation, and increased to ∼65% at 80 Hz. Total CTB fluorescence intensity also increased (∼20%) after 80-Hz stimulation compared with 0 Hz. DISCUSSION Evidence of increased lipid raft uptake at high stimulation frequencies supports an important role for lipid raft signaling at rat diaphragm muscle axon terminals, primarily for motor units physiologically activated at the higher frequencies. Muscle Nerve 59:611-611, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather M Gransee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Impaired Autophagy in Motor Neurons: A Final Common Mechanism of Injury and Death. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:211-224. [PMID: 29638184 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular digestion process that contributes to cellular homeostasis and adaptation by the elimination of proteins and damaged organelles. Evidence suggests that dysregulation of autophagy plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, including motor neuron disorders. Herein, we review emerging evidence indicating the roles of autophagy in physiological motor neuron processes and its function in specific compartments. Moreover, we discuss the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases, including spinal cord injury and aging, and recent developments that offer promising therapeutic approaches to mitigate effects of dysregulated autophagy in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Lipid raft uptake at diaphragm muscle axon terminals. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.743.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Gonzalez Porras MA, Durfee P, Giambini S, Sieck GC, Brinker CJ, Mantilla CB. Uptake and intracellular fate of cholera toxin subunit b-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers (aka protocells) in motoneurons. Nanomedicine 2018; 14:661-672. [PMID: 29339186 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin B (CTB) modified mesoporous silica nanoparticle supported lipid bilayers (CTB-protocells) are a promising, customizable approach for targeting therapeutic cargo to motoneurons. In the present study, the endocytic mechanism and intracellular fate of CTB-protocells in motoneurons were examined to provide information for the development of therapeutic application and cargo delivery. Pharmacological inhibitors elucidated CTB-protocells endocytosis to be dependent on the integrity of lipid rafts and macropinocytosis. Using immunofluorescence techniques, live confocal and transmission electron microscopy, CTB-protocells were primarily found in the cytosol, membrane lipid domains and Golgi. There was no difference in the amount of motoneuron activity dependent uptake of CTB-protocells in neuromuscular junctions, consistent with clathrin activation at the axon terminals during low frequency activity. In conclusion, CTB-protocells uptake is mediated principally by lipid rafts and macropinocytosis. Once internalized, CTB-protocells escape lysosomal degradation, and engage biological pathways that are not readily accessible by untargeted delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul Durfee
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New, Mexico
| | - Sebastian Giambini
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New, Mexico; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of New, Mexico; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology University of New, Mexico; Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New, Mexico
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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14
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Gransee HM, Gonzalez Porras MA, Zhan WZ, Sieck GC, Mantilla CB. Motoneuron glutamatergic receptor expression following recovery from cervical spinal hemisection. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:1192-1205. [PMID: 27650492 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical spinal hemisection at C2 (SH) removes premotor drive to phrenic motoneurons located in segments C3-C5 in rats. Spontaneous recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm muscle activity is associated with increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and decreased expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Glutamatergic receptor expression is regulated by tropomyosin-related kinase receptor subtype B (TrkB) signaling in various neuronal systems, and increased TrkB receptor expression in phrenic motoneurons enhances recovery post-SH. Accordingly, we hypothesize that recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm muscle activity post-SH, whether spontaneous or enhanced by adenoassociated virus (AAV)-mediated upregulation of TrkB receptor expression, is associated with increased expression of glutamatergic NMDA receptors in phrenic motoneurons. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent diaphragm electromyography electrode implantation and SH surgery. Rats were injected intrapleurally with AAV expressing TrkB or GFP 3 weeks before SH. At 14 days post-SH, the proportion of animals displaying recovery of ipsilateral diaphragm activity increased in AAV-TrkB-treated (9/9) compared with untreated (3/5) or AAV-GFP-treated (4/10; P < 0.027) animals. Phrenic motoneuron NMDA NR1 subunit mRNA expression was approximately fourfold greater in AAV-TrkB- vs. AAV-GFP-treated SH animals (P < 0.004) and in animals displaying recovery vs. those not recovering (P < 0.005). Phrenic motoneuron AMPA glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit mRNA expression decreased after SH, and, albeit increased in animals displaying recovery vs. those not recovering, levels remained lower than control. We conclude that increased phrenic motoneuron expression of glutamatergic NMDA receptors is associated with spontaneous recovery after SH and enhanced recovery after AAV-TrkB treatment. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1192-1205, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Gransee
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Maria A Gonzalez Porras
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Wen-Zhi Zhan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
| | - Carlos B Mantilla
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905.,Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, 55905
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