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Luciani M, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Russo S, Bani M, Strepparava MG, Di Mauro S, Ausili D. Caring for nursing students is caring for patients: A multicentre cross-sectional study on the relationship between nursing students' caring and the perception of instructors' caring. Nurse Education Today 2024; 137:106154. [PMID: 38508021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caring in nursing is a fundamental aspect, yet teaching and fostering caring behaviours in nursing students remain challenging. Clinical instructors play a crucial role in this process. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were a) to describe nursing students' caring behaviours and perceptions of instructor caring, b) to assess sex-related and year of course differences in students' caring behaviours and perceptions of nursing caring, and c) to investigate the association between nursing students' caring and their perception of instructors' caring. DESIGN A multi-centre, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. SETTING The study involved undergraduate nursing students from four teaching hospitals of a university in Northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS A total of 316 nursing undergraduate students participated in the study (83.9 % female, 16.1 % male, 23.1 % 1st year, 48.1 % 2nd year, 28.8 % 3rd year). METHODS Participants completed online self-reported surveys assessing caring behaviours, empathy, burnout, and perceptions of instructor caring. Caring behaviours, expressive and instrumental caring, were measured using the Caring Behaviour Inventory (CBI), and perceptions of instructor caring were assessed using the Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring (NSPIC) questionnaire. RESULTS Students' caring behaviours were positively associated with their perceptions of instructor caring, particularly in relation to a supportive learning climate and instructor flexibility. Female students displayed higher scores in expressive caring, while students in their second and third years demonstrated increased instrumental caring behaviours. Responding to Individual Needs was significantly lower in third-years students, compared to first- and second-year ones. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the crucial role of clinical instructors in shaping nursing students' caring attributes. However, the influence of sex on caring behaviours remains unclear, necessitating further investigation. These findings underscore the significance of nurturing caring behaviours in nursing education and offer insights for selecting, training, and supporting clinical instructors, to foster more compassionate and competent nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Luciani
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Ausili
- Department of Medicine and surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Ardenghi S, Russo S, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Strepparava MG. Medical students' attitude toward patient-centeredness: A longitudinal study. Patient Educ Couns 2024; 118:108003. [PMID: 37820544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the trajectories of patient-centered orientation in a sample of Italian medical students throughout medical school. METHODS Four consecutive student cohorts were longitudinally assessed at the second (T0) and fifth year (T1) of medical school. Students completed a questionnaire including demographics and the Italian validated version of the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale. RESULTS 352 students completed both administrations. Students became more patient-centered in terms of Sharing along the course of their clinical curriculum, whereas there were no significant changes in Caring. Groups with distinct developmental trajectory patterns of both Caring and Sharing were identified. Students high in patient-centeredness at T0 reported significantly lower scores at T1 while students with lower scores at T0 significantly increased from the first to the last measurement. Female students significantly outscored their male colleagues on Caring and Sharing in both administrations. CONCLUSIONS Findings call for innovative education strategies to sustain patient-centeredness attitudes in medical students entering hospital-based clinical medicine. Further research is needed to identify characteristics of the medical curriculum that are primarily involved in fostering students' patient-centeredness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Including the assessment and monitoring of patient-centeredness throughout the medical school can inform tailored education aiming to foster this dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
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Faverio P, Paciocco G, Tassistro E, Rebora P, Rossi E, Monzani A, Tundo M, Milano C, Messa M, Marocchi R, Pesci A, Foti G, Squillace N, Cogliandro V, Lettino M, Strepparava MG, Bellelli G, Ferrarese C, Valsecchi MG, Bonfanti P, Luppi F. Two-year cardio-pulmonary follow-up after severe COVID-19: a prospective study. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:183-190. [PMID: 37715857 PMCID: PMC10827839 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Short- and medium-term cardio-pulmonary sequelae after COVID-19 have been extensively studied. However, studies with longer follow-ups are required. This study aims to identify and characterise cardio-pulmonary sequelae, in patients hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, at 24 months follow-up. This is a prospective, observational cohort study conducted on consecutive patients hospitalised for COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure. Patients were followed up at 24 months with complete pulmonary function tests (PFTs), 6-min walking test and a dyspnoea score (Modified Medical Research Council scale). A subgroup of patients with at least one clinical or functional sign suggestive of increased pulmonary pressures also underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to evaluate the presence of direct or indirect signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Ninety consecutive patients (74% men, median age 59.1 years) were enrolled in the study. In regard to PFTs, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) impairment was observed in 23 cases (26%), in all cases of mild entity. When considering the dyspnoea, 30 (34%) patients showed some degree of breathlessness. Forty patients underwent TTE. No patients had overt PH or chronic thromboembolic PH. However, all patients showed a hyperdynamic state of the right ventricle, and 8 (20%) patients had a decreased acceleration time on pulmonary valve, signs of increased pulmonary vasculature resistances and afterload elevation. At 24-month follow-up after severe COVID-19, DLCO and TTE prove to be the most sensitive tool to detect cardio-pulmonary sequelae. Dyspnoea is still present in about one-third of patients and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Faverio
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paciocco
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassistro
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rebora
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Monzani
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tundo
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Milano
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Messa
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marocchi
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pesci
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicola Squillace
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Viola Cogliandro
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maddalena Lettino
- Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Clinical Psychology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Acute Geriatric Unit, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Neurology Unit, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Luppi
- UOC Pneumologia, Respiratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Bani M, Russo S, Raggi E, Gasperini S, Motta S, Menni F, Furlan F, Cefalo G, Paci S, Banderali G, Marchisio P, Biondi A, Strepparava MG. Parents' experience of the communication process of positivity at newborn screening for metabolic diseases: A qualitative study. Child Care Health Dev 2023; 49:961-971. [PMID: 36787987 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of receiving a communication of positivity for metabolic diseases at expanded newborn screening (ENBS) is extremely articulated, involves a variety of actors (parents, maternal and child departments, clinical centres and laboratories) and is open to a variety of outcomes from false positive to true positive cases. Receiving communication of positivity can be highly stressful for parents and requires an adequate communication process to give clear and reliable information without causing excessive worry. This qualitative study describes the parents' experience of receiving a communication of positivity to metabolic diseases at ENBS, and their assessment of the quality of the communication process and steps, with the main aim to identify the process' strengths and weaknesses and to advance tailored recommendations to improve the communication process. METHOD Fourteen in-depth, semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with parents whose children resulted positive to the ENBS. As part of the ENBS communication process, parents received a first phone call communication of positivity and a second in-person communication at metabolic clinical centres (MCC). The framework analysis method was used to organize the data and identify emerging themes. RESULTS Parents were largely dissatisfied with the quality and depth of the information received and with the way the healthcare staff delivered the first communication phone call, which failed to create a caring, empathic and safe setting. Many parents tried to reduce the uncertainty by searching online information or consulting with other providers. Nevertheless, the majority of parents described the in-person visit at MCC as clear, welcoming and reassuring. CONCLUSION More efforts are needed to improve the quality of the communication process of the ENBS. Guidelines, recommendations and standard scripts to communicate positivity are needed along with programmes and educational resources to train tailored communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Raggi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Menni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Clinical Metabolic Reference Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Furlan
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Clinical Metabolic Reference Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Cefalo
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paci
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banderali
- Pediatric Department, Ospedale San Paolo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Clinical Metabolic Reference Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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Bani M, Russo S, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Wickline V, Nowicki S, Strepparava MG. Behind the mask: What the eyes can't tell: Facial emotion recognition in a sample of Italian health care students. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2023:17470218231198145. [PMID: 37599379 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231198145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearing a facemask remains a pivotal strategy to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection even after vaccination, but one of the possible costs of this protection is that it may interfere with the ability to read emotion in facial expressions. We explored the extent to which it may be more difficult for participants to read emotions in faces when faces are covered with masks than when they are not, and whether participants' empathy, attachment style, and patient-centred orientation would affect their performance. Medical and nursing students (N = 429) were administered either a masked or unmasked set of 24 adult faces depicting anger, sadness, fear, or happiness. Participants also completed self-report measures of empathy, patient-centredness, and attachment style. As predicted, participants made more errors to the masked than the unmasked faces with the exception of the identification of fear. Of note, when participants missed happiness, they were most likely to see it as sadness, and when they missed anger, they were most likely to see it as happiness. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that more errors identifying emotions in faces was associated with faces being masked as opposed to unmasked, lower scores on the empathy fantasy scale, and higher scores on the fearful attachment style. The findings suggest that wearing facemasks is associated with a variety of negative outcomes that might interfere with the building of positive relationships between health care workers and patients. Those who teach student health care workers would benefit from bringing this finding into their curriculum and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Wickline
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Nowicki
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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López-Del-Hoyo Y, Fernández-Martínez S, Pérez-Aranda A, Barceló-Soler A, Bani M, Russo S, Urcola-Pardo F, Strepparava MG, García-Campayo J. Effects of eHealth interventions on stress reduction and mental health promotion in healthcare professionals: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:5514-5533. [PMID: 36703266 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health in healthcare professionals, and to compare the efficacy of different types of programs (guided vs. self-guided; 'third-wave' psychotherapies vs. other types). BACKGROUND Healthcare workers present high levels of stress, which constitutes a risk factor for developing mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. eHealth interventions have been designed to reduce these professional's stress considering that the characteristics of this delivery method make it a cost-effective and very appealing alternative because of its fast and easy access. DESIGN A systematic review of quantitative studies. METHODS A comprehensive database search for quantitative studies was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane (until 1 April 2022). The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA and SWiM reporting guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute tools. RESULTS The abstracts of 6349 articles were assessed and 60 underwent in-depth review, with 27 fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The interventions were classified according to their format (self-guided vs. guided) and contents ('third-wave' psychotherapies vs. others). Twenty-two interventions emerged, 13 of which produced significant posttreatment reductions in stress levels of health professionals (9 self-guided, 8 'third wave' psychotherapies). Significant effects in improving depressive symptomatology, anxiety, burnout, resilience and mindfulness, amongst others, were also found. CONCLUSION The evidence gathered in this review highlights the heterogeneity of the eHealth interventions that have been studied; self-guided and 'third-wave' psychotherapy programs are the most common, often with promising results, although the methodological shortcomings of most studies hinder the extraction of sound conclusions. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022310199. No Patient or Public Contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) RD21/0016/0005, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Selene Fernández-Martínez
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Aranda
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Basic, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Navarra Medical Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Fernando Urcola-Pardo
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group Water and Environmental Health (B43_20R), University Institute of Research in Environmental Science of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Clinical Unit "Psicologia Clinica", Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS) RD21/0016/0005, Zaragoza, Spain
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Russo S, Bani M, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Strepparava MG. Waiting for the COVID-19 vaccine: vaccine intention, trust in authorities and information needs in an Italian sample. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1883-1900. [PMID: 35903853 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2105913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine development timelines offered a unique opportunity to explore the public's vaccine intention in an unusual situation characterised by great uncertainty about the vaccine's features and the disease it intended to prevent. To advance our knowledge of vaccine intention mechanisms under these unusual circumstances, to plan effective vaccination strategies, and to better direct communication efforts in similar scenarios, this study explored i) COVID19-related information needs, information-seeking behaviours, and perceived trustworthiness of news media; ii) COVID-19 vaccination intention and its determinants, during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. In particular, it was investigated whether and to what extent the perception of severity and susceptibility to the infection, trust in authorities, and demographics shaped people's vaccine intention. Between April and May 2020 in a cross-sectional study, 1373 Italian participants completed an online survey measuring demographic features, perception of the disease severity, disease risk perception, COVID19-related worry, disease-related information needs and behaviours, vaccination intention, and level of trust in authorities and news media. The leading information needs were the COVID-19 incubation period and transmission modalities, with the majority of people actively looking for information from one to three times a day. Despite uncertainty around the details of a COVID-19 vaccination, 68% of participants reported intending to be vaccinated for COVID-19. Greater COVID-19 vaccination intention was associated with having a regular history of seasonal flu vaccine, a greater COVID19-related worry, a higher perception of disease severity, and a higher trust in the Government. These findings further our understanding of vaccine intention in a pandemic scenario where a vaccine is still hypothetical and provide valuable information on the public's representation of the infection and future acceptance of a vaccine to inform the development of communication interventions aiming to maximise adherence to vaccination programmes and to modify disease-related dysfunctional representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Russo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Monza, Italy
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Pozzi M, Ripa C, Meroni V, Ferlicca D, Annoni A, Villa M, Strepparava MG, Rezoagli E, Piva S, Lucchini A, Bellani G, Foti G. Hospital Memories and Six-Month Psychological Outcome: A Prospective Study in Critical Ill Patients with COVID-19 Respiratory Failure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093344. [PMID: 37176785 PMCID: PMC10179721 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ICU survivors suffer from various long-term physical and psychological impairments. Memories from the critical illness may influence long-term psychological outcome. In particular, the role of ICU memories in COVID-19 critically ill patients is unknown. In a prospective observational study, we aimed to investigate patients' memories from the experience of critical illness and their association with a six-month psychological outcome involving quality of life evaluation. Patients' memories were investigated with ICU Memory tool, while psychological outcome and quality of life were evaluated by means of a battery of validated questionnaires during an in-person interview at the follow-up clinic. 149 adult patients were enrolled. 60% retained memories from pre-ICU days spent on a general ward, while 70% reported memories from the in-ICU period. Delusional memories (i.e., memories of facts that never happened) were reported by 69% of patients. According to a multivariable analysis, the lack of pre-ICU memories was an independent predictor of worse psychological outcomes in terms of anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTDS). Factors associated with long-term outcome in ICU survivors are not still fully understood and patients' experience during the day spent before ICU admission may be associated with psychological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pozzi
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Claudio Ripa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Meroni
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferlicca
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Annoni
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marta Villa
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Simone Piva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Spedali Civili University Hospital, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Lucchini
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Bani M, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Russo S, Strepparava MG. Impact of facemasks on psychotherapy: Clinician's confidence and emotion recognition. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:1178-1191. [PMID: 36459660 PMCID: PMC9877818 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Facial emotion recognition is a key component of human interactions, and in clinical relationships contributes to building and maintaining the therapeutic alliance with patients. The introduction of facemasks has reduced the availability of facial information in private and professional relationships. This study aimed to assess the impact of facemasks on clinicians' perception of clinical interactions as well as their ability to read facial expressions. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a purposive sample of 342 clinical psychologists or psychotherapists completed an online survey including the assessment of burnout, alexithymia, emotion dysregulation, and self-perceived ability to build effective relationships and communication with patients with/without facemasks. Participants were randomly assigned to the standardized facial emotion recognition task Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy FACES 2-Adult Faces including 24 faces representing anger, fear, sadness, and happiness. RESULTS Facemasks impaired the self-perceived ability of clinicians to build effective relationships and communicate with patients and reduced satisfaction in clinical encounters. The ability of clinicians to recognize facial emotions is significantly reduced for masked happy and angry faces, but not for sad and afraid ones. The perceived difficulty in building good relationships and communication with patients had a positive correlation with alexithymia and emotion dysregulation; higher levels of discomfort when wearing facemasks had a positive correlation with burnout and emotion dysregulation. CONCLUSION Facemasks reduced clinicians' self-confidence in clinical encounters with patients wearing facemasks, but their facial emotion recognition performance was only partially impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy.,Department of Mental Health, Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza (MB), Italy
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10
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Quaglio G, Nsubuga JB, Maziku D, Tsegaye A, Parise N, Cavagna C, Lochoro P, Strepparava MG, Dalt LD, Okori S, Gatta A, Kamunga AM, Putoto G. International medical electives in Sub-Saharan Africa: experiences from a 19-year NGO-driven initiative. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:184. [PMID: 36973742 PMCID: PMC10041499 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mainstream medical education remains largely focused on national health issues. Therefore, in order to expose medical students to international health issues, it is beneficial to facilitate international medical electives. METHODS This article describes the Junior Project Officer (JPO) program, a medical experience based on clinical electives in Sub-Saharan Africa, supported by a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO). Residents spend 6 months as part of a multidisciplinary medical team in Africa. A post-elective online survey was administered to all who participated in the program in the period 2002-2020. The questionnaire comprised three domains: (i) general and pre-departure information; (ii) the experience; (iii) the post-experience. RESULTS Questionnaires were received from 157/241 subjects, a response rate of 65%. The most common specialties were pediatrics, public health, and internal medicine. Of all, 87% carried out clinical activities; 45% also worked in the management of health services, and 60% carried out research activities. About 64% reported difficulties linked to a lack of equipment, different ways of working (57%), and exposure to situations for which they did not feel technically prepared (56%). In 25% of cases, residents reported that their school's attitude to their doing the elective was not positive: upon their return, over 50% felt that their experience was not sufficiently valued by their institution. Respondents considered the experience important for professional and personal growth (93% and 80% respectively ). Forty-two participants (27%) reported that the experience had a significant impact on their future career choices. CONCLUSION Despite the difficulties encountered, a well-structured experience in international health can have a positive impact on residents, professionally and personally. Key factors behind the positive outcomes are the substantial length (6 months) of the experience, and the long term working relationships between the sending and receiving institutions. The schools in Italy that provide the students for the electives need to see more evidence that international electives are worth the investment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Quaglio
- Medical Preparedness and Crisis Management Unit (MPCMU), Directorate-General for Personnel, European Parliament, Rue Wiertz, 60, B-1047, Brussels, Belgium.
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa Cuamm, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Donald Maziku
- Tosamaganga Hospital, Iringa, United Republic of Tanzania
| | | | - Nicoletta Parise
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavagna
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa Cuamm, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Liviana Da Dalt
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Gatta
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa Cuamm, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Putoto
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa Cuamm, Padova, Italy
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11
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Ardenghi S, Russo S, Bani M, Rampoldi G, Strepparava MG. Supporting students with empathy: the association between empathy and coping strategies in pre-clinical medical students. Curr Psychol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHow medical students cope with stress predicts their mental health and academic/clinical performances, making the promotion of functional copy strategies a relevant outcome for medical educators. Empathy has been reported to be connected with coping. This study wanted to explore the most used coping strategies and whether gender differences existed, and to investigate whether and to what extent empathy affected coping in a sample of pre-clinical medical students. In a cross-sectional study design, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced - New Italian Version (COPE-NIV) were administered to 398 (53% females) Italian second-year medical students. T-tests and multiple regression analyses were used to explore gender differences and the association between IRI and COPE-NIV scores, respectively. Problem Orientation obtained the highest mean score, whereas Avoidance the lowest one. Females outscored males on Social Support (t = 4.95, p < .001) and Transcendent Orientation (t = 4.04, p < .001). After controlling for gender, Empathic Concern was positively associated with Social Support (β = 0.223, p = .001) and Transcendent Orientation (β = 0.234, p = .001). Perspective Taking was positively and negatively associated with Positive Attitude (β = 0.248, p < .001) and Transcendent Orientation (β = − 0.180, p = .008), respectively. Personal Distress was negatively related to Problem Orientation (β = − 0.250, p < .001). Educational and psychological counselling interventions targeting empathy should be implemented in the pre-clinical years to equip medical students to cope functionally with the emotional distress linked to medical school.
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12
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Squillace N, Cogliandro V, Rossi E, Bellelli G, Pozzi M, Luppi F, Lettino M, Strepparava MG, Ferrarese C, Pollastri E, Ricci E, Bonfanti P. A multidisciplinary approach to screen the post-COVID-19 conditions. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 36694110 PMCID: PMC9872735 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) conditions (PCC) include multiple symptoms afflicting different organs and systems. To evaluate the frequency and type of them, we described our multidisciplinary approach with preliminary results of the first enrolled patients. METHODS We included patients aged ≥ 18 years with hospital admission for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms were grouped in five macro groups hereafter referred to as "Symptoms Category" (SC): respiratory SC (dyspnoea or cough), neurological SC (peripheral neuropathies, headache, impaired mobility, behavioural disorders), psychological SC (sleep disorders, mood disorders), muscular SC (arthromyalgia, asthenia), other SC (fever, alopecia, diarrhoea, weight loss, smell and taste alterations, sexual dysfunctions). SC were evaluated at discharge and at follow-up. Association between patients' characteristics and presence of SC at follow up was estimated by a logistic multivariable regression model. RESULTS From June 2020 to July 2021, we followed up 361 patients: 128 (35.5%) who were previously admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 233 patients to ordinary department. The median length of hospital stay was 20 days (Inter-Quartile-Range 13-32). Most patients (317/361, 87.8%) were still symptomatic at discharge, with one third referring three or more SC. At follow up, 67.3% (243/361) of patients still complained at least one SC. Moreover, 159 patients (44%) developed at least one new involved SC during follow up: 116 (72.9%) one SC, 39 (24.5%) two SC, 4 (2.5%) three or more SC. At follow up visit 130 of 361 (36%) were still with SC developed during follow up. At multivariable analysis presence of any SC at follow-up was associated with male gender (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.23, Confidence Interval [CI] 95% 1.46-7.15), ICU admission (OR 2.78, CI 95% 1.29-5.96) and presence of SC at discharge (OR 14.39, CI 95% 6.41-32.32). CONCLUSIONS In our sample of patients with severe COVID-19, we found that PCC are highly variable and fluctuating over time; in particular, in about 50% of our patients new SC appear during follow up. Moreover, presence of PCC also in patients without SC at discharge and the variability of symptoms underlining the advisability of our multidisciplinary approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04424992, registered on 28 February 2020 https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/results?recrs=ab&cond=&term=NCT04424992&cntry=&state=&city=&dist The current version of protocol is version 1.0 enrolling since June 2020. The enrollment is still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Squillace
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via GB Pergolesi, 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Viola Cogliandro
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via GB Pergolesi, 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellelli
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Acute Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Matteo Pozzi
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Luppi
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Respiratory Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maddalena Lettino
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Cardiology Division, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrarese
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ester Pollastri
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via GB Pergolesi, 33, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bonfanti
- grid.415025.70000 0004 1756 8604Infectious Disease Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Via GB Pergolesi, 33, Monza, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Bani M, Raggi E, Russo S, Riccelli M, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Strepparava MG. The impact of facemasks on blood donation process: The professionals' perspective. Nurs Health Sci 2022; 24:845-852. [PMID: 36097961 PMCID: PMC10092482 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Facemasks represent an essential measure of prevention against the spread of COVID-19; however, they lessen the ability to convey and understand emotions through facial expressions. In blood donation settings, facemasks may interfere with professionals' tasks. This qualitative study aims to describe healthcare staff's experiences, beliefs, and attitudes toward facemask wearing and strategies used to overcome communication and relational barriers along the blood donation process. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 healthcare professionals (14 physicians and 11 nurses) working in Italian blood donation centers. The framework analysis method was used to organize the data and identify emerging themes. More than 70% of participants reported discomfort and a negative impact on communicating effectively with donors and building empathic relationships. The difficulty to detect early signs of adverse reactions was reported by almost all nurses, and physicians were concerned that facemasks limited the identification of donors and the detection of deferral criteria. Facemasks have changed the blood donation process, reducing the healthcare professionals' ability to build empathic relationships and communicate with donors effectively. New strategies should be developed to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Raggi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Riccelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
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Terraneo M, Quaglia V, Nuvolati G, Bani M, Russo S, Strepparava MG, Capici S, Cavaliere R, Cazzaniga ME. Social capital and willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials: an Italian case-control study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2137. [PMID: 36411406 PMCID: PMC9677898 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND What leads healthy people to enter in a volunteer register for clinical trials? This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the decision to volunteer in clinical trials for a COVID-19 vaccine and social capital, in a sample of healthy volunteers in Italy. Since social capital is characterized by trust, reciprocity, and social and political participation, we claim that it is key in leading individuals to actively take action to protect public health, and to take a risk for the (potential) benefit not only of themselves but for the entire community. METHODS This study was conducted through the administration of a questionnaire to healthy volunteers registered for a phase 1 clinical trial for a COVID-19 vaccine in the Unit Research Centre of ASST-Monza, in September 2020. The primary purpose of a phase 1 study is to evaluate the safety of a new drug candidate before it proceeds to further clinical studies. To approximate a case-control study, we randomly matched the 318 respondents to healthy volunteers (cases) with 318 people randomly selected by Round 9 of the European Social Survey (controls), using three variables, which we considered to be associated with the decision to volunteer: gender, age, and education level. To execute this matching procedure, we used the "ccmatch" module in STATA. RESULTS The findings highlight the positive impact of social capital in the choice of healthy individuals to volunteer in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Controlling for possible confounding factors, some exemplary results show that people with a high level of general trust have a greater likelihood of volunteering compared to people with low trust (OR = 2.75, CI = 1.58-4.77); we also found that it is more probable that volunteers are people who have actively taken action to improve things compared with people who have not (for individuals who did three or more actions: OR = 7.54, CI = 4.10-13.86). People who reported voting (OR = 3.91, CI = 1.70-8.99) and participating in social activities more than other people of their age (OR = 2.89, CI = 1.82-4.60) showed a higher probability to volunteer. CONCLUSIONS Together with the adoption of urgent health measures in response to COVID-19, government policymakers should also promote social capital initiatives to encourage individuals to actively engage in actions aimed at protecting collective health. Our findings make an empirical contribution to the research on vaccines and its intersection with social behaviour, and they provide useful insights for policymakers to manage current and future disease outbreaks and to enhance the enrolment in vaccine trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Terraneo
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Quaglia
- grid.8042.e0000 0001 2188 0260Department of Political Science, Communication and International Relations, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Nuvolati
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy ,grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754Clinical Psychology Unit, ASST Monza, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Serena Capici
- Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST Monza, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Rebecca Cavaliere
- grid.4912.e0000 0004 0488 7120Royal College of Surgeons, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- grid.7563.70000 0001 2174 1754School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy ,Phase 1 Research Centre, ASST Monza, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
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15
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Calegari JG, Russo S, Luciani M, Strepparava MG, Di Mauro S, Ausili D. Association between coping strategies and professional quality of life in nurses and physicians during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:4054-4063. [PMID: 36194439 PMCID: PMC9874737 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the associations between coping strategies (social support, avoidance strategies, positive attitude, problem orientation, and transcendent orientation) and professional quality of life (compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress) of nurses and physicians during COVID-19. BACKGROUND Little is known about the association between the way health care workers cope with stress and their professional quality of life during the unusual circumstances that the COVID-19 pandemic imposed. METHODS A single-centre cross-sectional observational study was conducted with health care professionals (n = 143). The Professional Quality of Life scale Version 5 and the Italian Version of the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced measured the professional quality of life and coping strategies, respectively. RESULTS Avoidance, problem orientation and social support coping worsened professional quality of life, whereas a positive attitude improved it. CONCLUSIONS This study on the relationship between coping strategies and the professional quality of life during health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic can inform interventions aiming to foster functional coping strategies in health care personnel to sustain their professional quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Identifying people at greater risk of burnout and secondary traumatic stress can guide tailored interventions to improve health care workers' wellbeing. Increased professional quality of life might turn in improved quality of care and reduced absenteeism and intention to leave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Graziella Calegari
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,Healthcare Professions DepartmentFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Selena Russo
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Michela Luciani
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | | | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
| | - Davide Ausili
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMonzaItaly
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16
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Bani M, Russo S, Cardinale C, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Luciani M, Ausili D, Di Mauro S, Strepparava MG. "Jumping into the COVID-19 arena": The professional transition into clinical practice of new graduate nurses in Italy at time of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs 2022:10.1111/jocn.16554. [PMID: 36200286 PMCID: PMC9875123 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of the professional transition of new graduate nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND The transition from the role of student to the professional role can be challenging for new graduate nurses for the acquisition of higher autonomy and responsibility. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the quality of the professional transition. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional observational study following the Strengthening and Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. METHODS One hundred and two nurses who graduated in three consecutive sessions (November 2019-pre-pandemic, March 2020-pandemic outbreak, and November 2020-2nd wave) in a north Italian university located in the most affected Italian region by the COVID-19 pandemic, completed an online survey assessing well-being, risk of burnout, resilience, perceived stigma, strengths and limitations and quality of the professional transition. The study was performed between March and May 2021. RESULTS 81.4% of participants described the professional transition as worse than expected, and new graduate nurses who worked in COVID-19 settings reported a more difficult transition to professional life. No differences emerged in burnout, mental well-being and perceived stigma between new graduate nurses who worked in COVID-19 settings and those who did not. Similarly, no differences emerged amongst the three graduated cohort sessions. The most commonly mentioned challenges faced during the transition were organisational aspects, suddenly acquired autonomy and lack of suitable coaching. CONCLUSION New graduate nurses reported a challenging academic-professional transition, in particular, those who worked in COVID-19 settings. The mid- and long-term impact of experiencing an academic-professional transition in COVID-19 settings should be assessed and monitored. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The professional transition of new graduate students should be adequately planned and monitored, new graduates should be assisted to develop realistic expectations about the transition, and an adequate coaching period should be guaranteed all the more during health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Chiara Cardinale
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Michela Luciani
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Davide Ausili
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano – BicoccaMilanItaly,Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Mental HealthSan Gerardo Hospital, ASST MonzaMonzaItaly
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17
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Russo S, Bani M, Terraneo M, Quaglia V, Nuvolati G, Cavaliere R, Capici S, Cazzaniga ME, Strepparava MG. Why not? Motivations for entering a volunteer register for clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:1791-1800. [PMID: 36102931 PMCID: PMC9471028 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Backgrounds
Healthy volunteers play a key role in clinical trials and it is crucial to develop recruitment strategies that capitalise on their motivations and maximise their participation. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the importance of finding motivated healthy volunteers for the development of new vaccines. Public registers represent a promising way to promote the participation of healthy volunteers in the research field, but their adoption is still limited. The current study aimed to explore the motivations of healthy volunteers to enrol in an Italian public register for clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic and their attitude toward participating in a phase 1 COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. The impacts of different enrolling interview modalities (in person, by phone, by mail) on motivation, understanding of information and trust in researchers were also investigated.
Methods
An online survey investigating experience with COVID-19, motivations to enrol, trust in researchers, political and healthcare authorities and pharmacological companies was presented to people applying as healthy volunteers in the public register for clinical trials at Phase 1 Unit Research Centre of ASST Monza, Italy, and considering to participate in a COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial. Data were collected in June 2021.
Results
Altruistic motivations were the main driver for enrolling in the public register, while self-interested motivations were secondary. No gender differences were found. As for enrolling modalities, no differences emerged between in-person and interviews for motivation to enrol, understanding of information and trust in researchers. Email modality led to significantly lower volunteers’ satisfaction and understanding of information but similar trust in research.
Conclusions
This study supports the validity of different interview modalities (in person and by phone) for the enrolment of healthy volunteers for clinical trials and highlights the positive role of public registers for the recruitment procedures.
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Donisi V, Perlini C, Mazzi MA, Rimondini M, Garbin D, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Montelisciani L, Antolini L, Strepparava MG, Del Piccolo L. Training in communication and emotion handling skills for students attending medical school: Relationship with empathy, emotional intelligence, and attachment style. Patient Educ Couns 2022; 105:2871-2879. [PMID: 35715300 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the Emoty-Com training, its impact on medical students' attitudes towards doctors' emotions and to explore the association between students' empathy, emotional intelligence (EI), and attachment style (AS) with post-training performance scores. METHODS The 16-hour Emoty-Com training was delivered to all second-year medical students of Verona and Milan (Italy) Universities. At pre-training, students filled out three questionnaires assessing empathy, AS and EI and responded to three questions on attitudes towards doctors' emotions in the doctor-patient encounter. The same three questions and a final evaluation test were proposed at post-training. RESULTS 264 students participated in the study. The training reduced students' worry about managing emotions during doctor-patient relationships. Gender was associated with specific subscales of empathy, EI, and AS. Final performance scores were associated with students' attitudes towards emotions but not with empathy, EI, and AS. CONCLUSION The Emoty-Com training increased students' self-efficacy in handling their own emotions during consultations. Students' performance scores were related to their attitude towards doctors' emotions in clinical encounters. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The Emoty-Com training suggests ways to teach and evaluate emotion-handling skills for medical students. Possible links between empathy, EI, AS, and the attitudes towards doctors' emotions during the years of education are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Donisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Mazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Garbin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Montelisciani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, MB, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Lidia Del Piccolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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19
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Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Montelisciani L, Antolini L, Donisi V, Perlini C, Rimondini M, Garbin D, Piccolo LD, Strepparava MG. Emotional intelligence as a mediator between attachment security and empathy in pre-clinical medical students: A multi-center cross-sectional study. Patient Educ Couns 2022; 105:2880-2887. [PMID: 35393226 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of emotional intelligence (EI) and attachment security (AS) with empathy dimensions in medical students by examining the mediating role of EI. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and demographic questions were administrated to second-year medical students of two medical schools in Northern Italy. RESULTS 253 medical students (56.13% female), aged 19-29, participated in this study. AS positively correlated to Empathic Concern (r = 0.17, p = 0.008) and Perspective Taking (r = 0.24, p < 0.001), and negatively to Personal Distress (r = -0.33, p < 0.001). Individuals with the same level of AS and a higher score on EQ-i had a higher score (β = 0.072, p = 0.033) on empathy latent factor (at the basis of Empathic Concern and Perspective Taking) and a lower score (β = -0.290, p < 0.001) on Personal Distress than those with a lower EQ-i score. CONCLUSION This study shows that EI completely mediated the relationship between AS and empathy dimensions among medical students. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS EI training and workshop should be considered when designing educational interventions and programs to enhance empathy and decrease interpersonal distress in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Montelisciani
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Bicocca Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging (B4 center), University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Donisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perlini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Garbin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lidia Del Piccolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Department of Mental Health, Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy.
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20
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Zarbo C, Brugnera A, Frigerio L, Celi C, Compare A, Dessì V, Giordano R, Malandrino C, Sina FP, Strepparava MG, Tessitore IV, Ventura M, Fruscio R. Cancer Anxiety Mediates the Association Between Satisfaction With Medical Communication and Psychological Quality of Life After Prophylactic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840931. [PMID: 35356354 PMCID: PMC8959915 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylactic Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (PBSO) reduces the risk of developing ovarian cancer. However, the psychological mechanisms that may affect post-surgery Quality of Life (QoL) among patients who underwent PBSO are still largely unknown. Thus, this study aimed at exploring the direct and indirect associations of satisfaction with medical communication and cancer anxiety on post-surgery QoL among women at high risk of developing ovarian cancer. Method Fifty-nine women (mean age: 50.64 ± 6.7 years) who underwent PBSO took part in this cross-sectional study, filling out a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, a battery of validated psychological measures and an ad hoc developed scale for the assessment of cancer anxiety. We first examined the correlations among all variables of interest, and then tested if cancer anxiety mediated the association between satisfaction with medical communication and post-surgery psychological QoL, controlling both for time from surgery and education. Results Post-surgery psychological QoL was unrelated from any sociodemographic or clinical variable. Cancer anxiety had a significant direct negative effect on psychological QoL, while satisfaction with medical communication had a significant positive direct effect on it. Finally, cancer anxiety significantly mediated the association between satisfaction with medical communication and post-surgery psychological QoL. Discussion Results suggest that post-surgery psychological QoL of patients who underwent PBSO may be increased with interventions, delivered in a genetic counselling setting, targeting quality of medical communication and cancer anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Zarbo
- Unit of Epidemiological and Evaluation Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Agostino Brugnera
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luigi Frigerio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Celi
- Clinical Psychology Unit, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Valentina Dessì
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rosalba Giordano
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Malandrino
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Clinical Psychology Unit, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Robert Fruscio
- Gynaecologic Surgery Unit, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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21
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Ardenghi S, Russo S, Luciani M, Salvarani V, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Ausili D, Di Mauro S, Strepparava MG. The association between dispositional mindfulness and empathy among undergraduate nursing students: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Curr Psychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the role of gender, age, and academic year in shaping dispositional mindfulness (DM) and the association between DM facets and empathy dimensions in a sample of undergraduate nursing students. In a multicenter cross-sectional study design, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and socio-demographic questions were administrated to a convenience sample of Italian nursing students. 622 nursing students (82.2% female) participated in the study (response rate = 86.15%). Females had higher levels of Acting with Awareness (p < .001, d = .54) and lower levels of Non-reacting (p < .001, d = .52) facets of DM than males. Older students displayed higher scores on the Observing (r = .112, p = .005) and on the Non-reacting (r = .187, p < .001) FFMQ subscales than younger ones. No statistically significant differences in DM levels between the three academic years were found (ps > .202). After controlling for socio-demographic factors, DM facets were generally positively related to Perspective Taking (βs from .131 to .208, ps < .007) and Empathic Concern (βs from −.156 to .189, ps < .001), whereas negatively related to Personal Distress (βs from −.141 to −.261, ps < .001). Nursing students with higher levels of DM were more able to consider others’ cognitive perspective and to feel compassion, and were less emotionally distressed when facing tense interpersonal situations. Tailored mindfulness interventions might be useful to foster functional empathy within nursing undergraduate programs.
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22
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Ardenghi S, Russo S, Bani M, Rampoldi G, Strepparava MG. The role of difficulties in emotion regulation in predicting empathy and patient-centeredness in pre-clinical medical students: a cross-sectional study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 28:1215-1229. [PMID: 34753373 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While empathy and patient-centeredness (PC) are considered core variables in high-quality healthcare education and care, research suggests that empathy and PC decrease during the clinical years of study and that impairments in empathy and PC may be related to difficulties in emotion regulation. There is a growing interest in identifying the psycho-social variables that sustain and foster empathy and PC in medical students throughout their education. This study explored whether and to what extent emotion dysregulation predicted empathy and PC in medical students controlling for gender. Three hundred ninety-eight pre-clinical medical students enrolled at a university in northern Italy completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale - 8 Items - Italian version (PPOS-8-IT). All statistically significant correlation coefficients between DERS, IRI and PPOS-8-IT scores were negative (rs from -.130 to -.336, ps ≤ 01), except for IRI Personal Distress and IRI Fantasy Scale that were mainly positively related to DERS scores (rs from .130 to .305, ps ≤ .01). Hierarchical multiple-regression analyses showed that DERS scores accounted for a significant amount of additional variance in both IRI and PPOS-8-IT components above and beyond gender. Emotion dysregulation was positively associated with Personal Distress (βs from .135 to .250, ps ≤ .007), whereas Empathic Concern, Perspective Taking, and the PC components were negatively predicted by emotion regulation difficulties (βs from -.131 to -.309, ps ≤ .005). Female students showed higher levels of all empathy and PC measures than males (ts from -3.49 to -5.54, ps ≤ 001) except for Perspective Taking. Tailored educational approaches that provide medical students with emotion regulation strategies implemented along the pre-clinical curriculum may sustain empathy and PC and equip students to appropriately and functionally face the emotional and interpersonal aspects of the clinical internship experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Italy
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23
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Bani M, Russo S, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Wickline V, Nowicki S, Strepparava MG. Behind the Mask: Emotion Recognition in Healthcare Students. Med Sci Educ 2021; 31:1273-1277. [PMID: 34035987 PMCID: PMC8136366 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Current widespread facemask usage profoundly impacts clinical practice and healthcare education where communicational dimensions are essential to the care and teaching processes. As part of a larger study, 208 medical and nursing students were randomly assigned to a masked vs unmasked version of the standardized facial emotion recognition task DANVA2. A significantly higher number of errors existed in the masked vs unmasked condition. Differences for happy, sad, and angry faces, but not for fearful faces, existed between conditions. Misinterpretation of facial emotions can severely affect doctor-patient and inter-professional communication in healthcare. Teaching communication in medical education must adapt to the current universal use of facemasks in professional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20052 Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20052 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20052 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20052 Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Wickline
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University–Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Nowicki
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano–Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20052 Milan, Italy
- Department of Mental Health , ASST Monza , Monza, Italy
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24
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Ardenghi S, Luciani M, Rampoldi G, Ausili D, Bani M, Di Mauro S, Strepparava MG. Personal values among first-year medical and nursing students: A cross-sectional comparative study. Nurse Educ Today 2021; 100:104827. [PMID: 33662674 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collaboration in healthcare is essential but differences in personal values can be a potential source of disagreements between physicians and nurses. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to verify if and to what extent there were divergences in the personal values profile between medical and nursing students at the beginning of their education and training. A second aim was to explore gender differences in personal values. DESIGN This is an observational cross-sectional study. SETTINGS This study was conducted at one University in northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS We compared the personal values of 393 first-year medical students with those of 403 first-year nursing students. METHODS The Portrait Values Questionnaire-40 was administered and analyses of variance were performed to assess degree group and gender differences in terms of personal values. RESULTS Medical students scored significantly higher than nursing ones on values related to dominance over others and personal success. Female students significantly outscored males on personal values that reflect other-oriented and social focus, whereas male students obtained higher scores than females on personal values related to personal and selfish orientation. CONCLUSIONS Schwartz's Theory of Basic Human Values may be a valuable theoretical framework for interprofessional education to promote a common reflection on personal values held by medical and nursing students since the early years of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy
| | - Michela Luciani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy
| | - Davide Ausili
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Italy; ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Italy.
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25
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Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Pepe A, Bani M, Salvarani V, Strepparava MG. An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study on the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Empathy in Undergraduate Medical Students. Teach Learn Med 2021; 33:154-163. [PMID: 32870715 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2020.1813582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in identifying the psychological variables that promote and sustain empathy in medical students during their studies. Dispositional mindfulness has been shown to be empirically associated with socio-demographic characteristics and empathy among the general population. This research aimed to assess dispositional mindfulness in a sample of undergraduate medical students and to investigate its association with gender, age, and empathy. Hypotheses: It is hypothesized that male medical students would show, on average, higher dispositional mindfulness than their female counterparts, and that older students would exhibit higher dispositional mindfulness than younger ones. Dispositional mindfulness was also expected to be positively associated with the ability to feel compassion for others and to adopt their perspective, and negatively associated with the personal distress in tense interpersonal settings. Method: An exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were gathered from a large sample (N = 933) of Italian non-meditating second- and fifth-year medical students. Dispositional mindfulness and empathy were assessed using the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, respectively. Gender and age differences in dispositional mindfulness scores were calculated by analyses of variance, whereas hierarchical multiple regression models were used to assess the association between dispositional mindfulness and empathy scores. RESULTS Female medical students were more able to Act with Awareness than males, whereas males had higher levels than females of Describing and Nonreactivity to their feelings. When compared to their older counterparts, younger students scored higher on Observing and lower on Nonreactivity facets. Dispositional mindfulness facets correlated differently with both emotional and cognitive empathy dimensions, beyond the effects of gender and age. Medical students who displayed higher dispositional mindfulness appeared to be less emotionally distressed in tense interpersonal settings and more able to take others' cognitive perspective. Conclusions: The findings support the notion that dispositional mindfulness is related to empathy and may have implications for the design of mindfulness-based training for use in the medical educational setting. Tailored interventions that cultivate specific dispositional mindfulness facets may be implemented along the medical curriculum to prevent the emotional distress in tense interpersonal settings and to sustain the cognitive capability to take others' viewpoints among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pepe
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Valerio Salvarani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
- Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-Monza, Monza, Monza and Brianza, Italy
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26
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Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Strepparava MG. Personal values as early predictors of emotional and cognitive empathy among medical students. Curr Psychol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01373-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study contributes to the literature by examining the association between personal values (PVs), assessed with the Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire, and empathy, assessed with the Davis’ Interpersonal Reactivity Index, in a sample of first-year medical students. We also examined medical students’ PVs profile and gender differences in terms of PVs. All participants (N = 398) were Italian, young (average age = 19.62 years, SD = 1.22), and unmarried; none had children. Zero-order correlations and hierarchical multiple regression models were performed to verify the association between PVs and empathy; in contrast, t-tests were run to explore gender differences in scoring on PVs. Benevolence and Universalism correlated positively with both the emotional and cognitive dimensions of empathy, whereas Power, Achievement, Hedonism, and Security were negatively associated with empathy. The three most important PVs in the whole sample were Benevolence, Self-Direction, and Universalism. Male medical students outscored their female counterparts on Power, Achievement, and Hedonism, whereas female students outscored the males on Benevolence, Universalism, Conformity, and Tradition. Our findings highlight the importance of fostering self-transcending PVs and discouraging self-enhancing PVs in medical students during the early years of medical school, as a means of supporting other-oriented responses such as empathy in future doctors.
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27
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Flynn J, O'Connor L, Hanlon M, Bellani G, Contreras M, Doherty A, Durand H, Fallon E, Gormley C, Laffey J, Molloy G, Sarma K, Strepparava MG, Russo S, Walsh J, McGuire BE. The identification of needs and development of best practice guidance for the psychological support of frontline healthcare workers during and after COVID-19: A protocol for the FLoWS project. HRB Open Res 2021; 3:54. [PMID: 33870088 PMCID: PMC8030118 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13117.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent estimates suggest that up to 34% of frontline workers in healthcare (FLWs) at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic response are reporting elevated symptoms of psychological distress due to resource constraints, ineffective treatments, and concerns about self-contamination. However, little systematic research has been carried out to assess the mental health needs of FLWs in Europe, or the extent of psychological suffering in FLWs within different European countries of varying outbreak severity. Accordingly, this project will employ a mixed-methods approach over three work packages to develop best-practice guidelines for alleviating psychological distress in FLWs during the different phases of the pandemic. Work package 1 will identify the point and long-term prevalence of psychological distress symptoms in a sample of Irish and Italian FLWs, and the predictors of these symptoms. Work package 2 will perform a qualitative needs assessment on a sample of Irish and Italian FLWs to identify sources of stress and resilience, barriers to psychological care, and optimal strategies for alleviating psychological distress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Work package 3 will synthesise the findings from the preceding work packages to draft best practice guidelines, which will be co-created by a multidisciplinary panel of experts using the Delphi method. The guidelines will provide clinicians with a framework for alleviating psychological distress in FLWs, with particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, but may also have relevance for future pandemics and other public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Flynn
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Hanlon
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Maya Contreras
- University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Hannah Durand
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Fallon
- Saolta University Health Care Group, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - John Laffey
- University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerry Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kiran Sarma
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jane Walsh
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Leone D, Borghi L, Bonazza F, Abrami MA, Barcellini G, Benlodi A, Bianchi F, Cacciatori I, Corsini V, Gamba A, Gualeni L, Lo Iacono NB, Longeri A, Mazza U, Ortega A, Pratelli A, Rigamonti V, Sacchelli C, Serafini A, Spada S, Strepparava MG, Vergani L, Zanotti P, Vegni E. [Psychological interventions in hospital during the first-wave of CoViD-19: an overview of the experiences of the Units of Clinical Psychology in Lombardy, Italy.]. Recenti Prog Med 2020; 111:593-601. [PMID: 33078009 DOI: 10.1701/3453.34419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The current CoViD-19 pandemic threatens both physical and psychological well-being. According to the bio-psycho-social model, Units of Clinical Psychology of the Hospitals in Lombardy (Italy) reacted to this risk, offering diversified interventions, described in the present contribution. The medical staff operated on the front line during the emergency: psychologists addressed their needs through individual clinical work, sessions of decompression and debriefing. At the same time, Units of Clinical Psychology supported the hospitalized positive patients by conducting psychological consultations, either on the ward or through devices. Moreover, some hospitals activated helplines to address the needs of the population and family members, who were particularly vulnerable during the relative's illness and after the mourning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Leone
- UOC Psicologia Clinica, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, Milano
| | - Lidia Borghi
- Psicologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano
| | - Federica Bonazza
- Psicologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano
| | - Maria Angela Abrami
- UOS Psicologia Clinica e del Benessere Psicologico, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- UOSD Psicologia Clinica, ASST Monza - Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Milano-Bicocca
| | | | | | - Elena Vegni
- UOC Psicologia Clinica, ASST Santi Paolo Carlo, Milano - Psicologia Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Milano
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Bani M, Rossi E, Cortinovis D, Russo S, Gallina F, Hillen MA, Canova S, Cicchiello F, Longarini R, Cazzaniga ME, Bidoli P, Valsecchi MG, Strepparava MG. Validation of the Italian version of the full and abbreviated Trust in Oncologist Scale. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 30:e13334. [PMID: 33015898 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Trust in Oncologist Scale (TiOS) is an 18-item questionnaire aimed to assess the cancer patients' trust in their oncologist and has been validated in Dutch and English language. This study aims to validate the Italian version of the TiOS (IT-TiOS) and the TiOS-Short Form (IT-TiOS-SF). METHODS The IT-TiOS was administered to 194 patients recruited in an Italian oncology department from April to December 2018. Data collected included socio-demographic data, health and clinical information, satisfaction with the most recent oncology visit and trust in the regional healthcare system. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and the structural validity of both the full and short form were tested. RESULTS Factor analyses indicated that neither four-factor nor one-factor models of the full scale were acceptable. However, confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-dimensionality of the IT-TiOS-SF, and internal consistency assessed with Cronbach's alpha was 0.88. Mean scores on the IT-TiOS-SF correlated with satisfaction with the oncologist (rs = 0.64) and willingness to recommend the oncologist to others (rs = 0.67), confirming good construct validity. CONCLUSION The IT-TiOS-SF demonstrates good psychometric properties and can be used to assess trust for both clinical and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rossi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Diego Cortinovis
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Marij A Hillen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy.,Department of Mental Health, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bidoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Phase 1 Research Unit, ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
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30
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Flynn J, O'Connor L, Hanlon M, Bellani G, Contreras M, Doherty A, Durand H, Fallon E, Gormley C, Laffey J, Molloy G, Sarma K, Strepparava MG, Russo S, Walsh J, McGuire BE. The identification of needs and development of best practice guidance for the psychological support of frontline healthcare workers during and after COVID-19: A protocol for the FLoWS project. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:54. [PMID: 33870088 PMCID: PMC8030118 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13117.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent estimates suggest that up to 34% of frontline workers in healthcare (FLWs) at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic response are reporting elevated symptoms of psychological distress due to resource constraints, ineffective treatments, and concerns about self-contamination. However, little systematic research has been carried out to assess the mental health needs of FLWs in Europe, or the extent of psychological suffering in FLWs within different European countries of varying outbreak severity. Accordingly, this project will employ a mixed-methods approach over three work packages to develop best-practice guidelines for alleviating psychological distress in FLWs during the different phases of the pandemic. Work package 1 will identify the point and long-term prevalence of psychological distress symptoms in a sample of Irish and Italian FLWs, and the predictors of these symptoms. Work package 2 will perform a qualitative needs assessment on a sample of Irish and Italian FLWs to identify sources of stress and resilience, barriers to psychological care, and optimal strategies for alleviating psychological distress in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Work package 3 will synthesise the findings from the preceding work packages to draft best practice guidelines, which will be co-created by a multidisciplinary panel of experts using the Delphi method. The guidelines will provide clinicians with a framework for alleviating psychological distress in FLWs, with particular relevance to the COVID-19 pandemic, but may also have relevance for future pandemics and other public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Flynn
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Connor
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michelle Hanlon
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Maya Contreras
- University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Hannah Durand
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elaine Fallon
- Saolta University Health Care Group, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - John Laffey
- University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerry Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kiran Sarma
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Jane Walsh
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian E. McGuire
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Luciani M, Rampoldi G, Ardenghi S, Bani M, Merati S, Ausili D, Grazia Strepparava M, Di Mauro S. Personal values among undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Ethics 2020; 27:1461-1471. [PMID: 32367759 DOI: 10.1177/0969733020914350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal values influence nursing students' development of professional values, which affect professional outcomes, and how nursing students react to different situations. Personal values can be shaped by different factors, including culture, gender, and age. AIMS To explore personal values held by nursing students, and to verify if and how gender and year of study affect nursing students' personal values. RESEARCH DESIGN A multicenter, cross-sectional study was used. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT The whole population of nursing undergraduate students available at the time was recruited from eight centers of two Universities, composing a sample of 947 students. Demographic data were collected and it was administered the Portrait Values Questionnaire. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards of the University of the participating centers. FINDINGS The study sample was mainly composed of young (92.6%, n = 877), female (77.3%, n = 732), Italian (95.8%, n = 907), and unmarried (98.6%, n = 934) nursing students. The most important value for nursing students, consistently through the years of nursing school, was Self-transcendence, which has the motivational emphasis on helping others and selflessness. Then, we found that male students had higher levels of Power (p < 0.001) and Achievement (p = 0.031), while female students outscored male students in Benevolence (p = 0.005) and Security (p = 0.006). Year of study showed no statistically significant difference. DISCUSSION Nursing students express high levels in hetero-directed values. Male nursing students, although they choose a stereotypically feminine profession, outscored females in stereotypical masculine values such as dominance and success. This is the first study that describes the personal value profile of undergraduate nursing students, according to the Theory of Basic Human Values, and it is a starting point for future research. CONCLUSION Nursing educators might want to consider the findings from this study while guiding students in developing awareness for their personal values.
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Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Bani M, Strepparava MG. Attachment styles as predictors of self-reported empathy in medical students during pre-clinical years. Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:965-970. [PMID: 31735595 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess medical students' attachment profile and to explore its relationship with empathy dimensions. METHODS Three cohorts of medical students were consecutively enrolled in the study at the beginning of their second year, before their clinical internship experience, and assessed using the Attachment Style Questionnaire (a self-report measure of attachment styles) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (a self-report measure of empathy). t-test, partial correlations, and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze relationships between attachment styles and gender, age, and empathy dimensions. RESULTS A total of 361 out of 450 (80.2%) Italian second-year medical students participated in the study. Female students considered interpersonal relationships more important and showed a higher need for approval than did their male counterparts. Among the attachment styles, considering relationships as secondary to achievement was the most important significant predictor of both emotional and cognitive empathy variables. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the attachment styles of medical students are related to self-evaluated empathy, over and above the effects of gender and age differences. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The Attachment Style Questionnaire may be a useful tool for medical educators to identify medical students with low empathy scores during their pre-clinical years of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano - Bicocca, 20126 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy.
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Fallati L, Castiglioni S, Galli P, Riva F, Gracia-Lor E, González-Mariño I, Rousis NI, Shifah M, Messa MC, Strepparava MG, Vai M, Zuccato E. Use of legal and illegal substances in Malé (Republic of Maldives) assessed by wastewater analysis. Sci Total Environ 2020; 698:134207. [PMID: 31499350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study used wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to investigate the lifestyle of the inhabitants of Malé, the capital of the Republic of Maldives. Raw wastewater 12-h composite samples were collected from nine pumping stations serving the city area - thus representative of the whole Malé population. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for estimating the profile of use of a large number of substances including illicit drugs, alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and pharmaceuticals. The illicit drugs most used were cannabis (THC) and heroin (700 and 18 g/day), with lower consumption of cocaine and amphetamines (0.1-1.2 g/day). It is important to note that the consumption of cannabis in Malé was comparable to that measured in other countries, while the consumption of heroin was higher. Among cathinones, mephedrone was detected at the highest levels similar to other countries. Consumption of alcohol, which is not allowed in Maldives, was found (1.3 L/day/1000 inhabitants), but at a low level compared with other countries (6-44 L/day/1000 inhabitants), while the consumption of caffeine and tobacco was generally in line with reports from other countries. Unique information on pharmaceuticals use was also provided, since no official data were available. Human lifestyle was evaluated by applying for the first time the full set of WBE methodologies available in our laboratory. Results provided valuable epidemiological information, which may be useful for national and international agencies to understand population lifestyles better, including illicit drug issues, and for planning and evaluation of drug prevention programs in Malé.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fallati
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Galli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy; MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - Francesco Riva
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Gracia-Lor
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria González-Mariño
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nikolaos I Rousis
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Mohamed Shifah
- MaRHE Center (Marine Research and High Education Center), Magoodhoo Island, Faafu Atoll, Maldives
| | - Maria Cristina Messa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20052 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Marina Vai
- Department of Biotechnologies and Biosciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ettore Zuccato
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Salvarani V, Rampoldi G, Ardenghi S, Bani M, Blasi P, Ausili D, Di Mauro S, Strepparava MG. Protecting emergency room nurses from burnout: The role of dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:765-774. [PMID: 30887587 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To verify the role of dispositional mindfulness, difficulties in emotion regulation and empathy in explaining burnout levels of emergency room (ER) nurses. BACKGROUND Many studies have examined the variables that can affect burnout amongst ER nurses, but little is known about factors that can protect ER nurses against work-related stress. METHOD A multi-centre cross-sectional design was used. Burnout level intensity, dispositional mindfulness facets, difficulties in emotion regulation and empathy dimensions were assessed using valid and reliable self-report questionnaires in a sample of ER nurses (N = 97) from three different hospitals. RESULTS Higher dispositional mindfulness and cognitive empathy levels and lower difficulties in emotion regulation, were negatively associated with emotional exhaustion levels. CONCLUSION ER nurses with more mindful, emotion regulation and empathy skills are more able to manage work-related distress. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Experiential interventions to promote mindfulness skills, emotion regulation variability and flexibility in a clinical context and the cognitive side of empathy are recommended for ER nurses to reduce professional distress, and to enhance personal and work satisfaction. Future research should assess the effectiveness of new multi-factorial interventions which combine the development of mindfulness, emotion regulation and empathy skills in ER nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Salvarani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Blasi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Davide Ausili
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Stefania Di Mauro
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Clinical Psychology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
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Strepparava MG, Bani M, Zorzi F, Mazza U, Barile F, Rezzonico G. Does the severity of psychopathology of Italian students receiving counselling services increase over time? A 5-year analysis and a comparison with a clinical and non-clinical sample. Clin Psychol Psychother 2017; 24:O1448-O1454. [PMID: 28608402 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Psychological problems-from the most minor such as exams anxiety to the more severe such as personality disorders-are not rare in young adults. University Counselling Services often present the only opportunity for undergraduates to meet health professionals and to be confronted with their difficulties in a non-clinical setting or-in cases of more severe psychopathology-to be referred to mental health services. Recent research attests to the increasing severity of psychological problems among undergraduate and graduate university students. The question necessarily arises as to whether this trend is replicated in the general population being referred to mental health services and, if such is the case, whether there are differences between the two populations. This paper analyses the change in the severity of self-reported symptoms in a sample of 194 students attending a University Counselling Service over a course of 5 years (2010-2014). Clinical severity was assessed in both groups by Symptoms Check List 90-Revised, Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure, and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire scores. Results show a substantial stability in severity level across time, and a comparison with an age-matched sample of patients referred to a public hospital clinical psychology service shows overlapping data with respect to disease severity level. As the mental health of university students is an important public health issue, the implications for the organization and structure of university counselling services and the connection with public mental health hospital centres are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Psychology, ASST S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Bani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Psychology, ASST S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Federico Zorzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Mazza
- Clinical Psychology, ASST S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Rezzonico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Strepparava MG, Bani M, Zorzi F, Corrias D, Dolce R, Rezzonico G. Cognitive counselling intervention: treatment effectiveness in an Italian university centre. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2015.1110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Maffei C, Del Corno F, Dazzi N, Cioffi A, Strepparava MG. Private psychotherapy training in Italy: A systematic analysis. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13642537.2015.1059866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Goss C, Ghilardi A, Deledda G, Buizza C, Bottacini A, Del Piccolo L, Rimondini M, Chiodera F, Mazzi MA, Ballarin M, Bighelli I, Strepparava MG, Molino A, Fiorio E, Nortilli R, Caliolo C, Zuliani S, Auriemma A, Maspero F, Simoncini EL, Ragni F, Brown R, Zimmermann C. INvolvement of breast CAncer patients during oncological consultations: a multicentre randomised controlled trial--the INCA study protocol. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e002266. [PMID: 23645911 PMCID: PMC3646182 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on patient involvement show that physicians make few attempts to involve their patients who ask few questions if not facilitated. On the other hand, the patients who participate in the decision-making process show greater treatment adherence and have better health outcomes. Different methods to encourage the active participation during oncological consultation have been described; however, similar studies in Italy are lacking. The aims of the present study are to (1) assess the effects of a preconsultation intervention to increase the involvement of breast cancer patients during the consultation, and (2) explore the role of the attending companions in the information exchange during consultation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS All female patients with breast cancer who attend the Oncology Out-patient Services for the first time will provide an informed consent to participate in the study. They are randomly assigned to the intervention or to the control group. The intervention consists of the presentation of a list of relevant illness-related questions, called a question prompt sheet. The primary outcome measure of the efficacy of the intervention is the number of questions asked by patients during the consultation. Secondary outcomes are the involvement of the patient by the oncologist; the patient's perceived achievement of her information needs; the patient's satisfaction and ability to cope; the quality of the doctor-patient relationship in terms of patient-centeredness; and the number of questions asked by the patient's companions and their involvement during the consultation. All outcome measures are supposed to significantly increase in the intervention group. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Hospital Trust of Verona. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01510964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goss
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Ghilardi
- Department of Childcare and Biomedical Technologies, Section of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Deledda
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Buizza
- Department of Childcare and Biomedical Technologies, Section of Clinical and Dynamic Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bottacini
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lidia Del Piccolo
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Chiodera
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Mazzi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario Ballarin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Irene Bighelli
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Molino
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fiorio
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rolando Nortilli
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Policlinico G. Rossi, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Caliolo
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Policlinico G. Rossi, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Zuliani
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Policlinico G. Rossi, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandra Auriemma
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Policlinico G. Rossi, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Maspero
- Oncology Unit of Oncology, Policlinico G. Rossi, Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Ragni
- General Surgery II, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Richard Brown
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christa Zimmermann
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Abstract
The literature contains numerous reports on motivation in blood donors, although none of these are specific to blood donation in Italy and almost all of them focus on altruism and the desire to help others. Altruism is important, but a comprehensive analysis of donor motivation should examine all the factors affecting the decision to donate, including commitment to voluntary blood donor organizations. The aims of this paper are to verify if the motivational factors that influence the choice to donate blood in Italy are generally consistent with the findings from other countries reported in the literature and to focus on commitment to donor organizations as an additional factor. A sample of 895 whole blood donors completed a self-report questionnaire containing questions about: reasons for beginning to donate, people who influenced this choice, and level of commitment to voluntary blood donor organizations. The most frequently reported reasons for giving blood for the first time were "to help others" (56%), "influence of family/friends" (22%), and "social/moral obligation" (11.2%); commitment did not vary as a function of the leading motivation reported. Differences emerged between males, who more frequently reported having been influenced by parents and friends, and females, who referred more often to altruistic motives. The opportunity to check one's own state of health also played an important role (6.9%), especially for male donors. Overall, however, the decision to donate was primarily a personal choice (41.3%), although influence was also attributed to relatives (21.8%), friends (22.3%), and voluntary blood donor organizations (21.8%). The reported level of commitment to the donor organization was positively correlated with the number of total and annual donations made and number of new donors recruited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Multimedia Health Communication Laboratory, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
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40
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Genovesi S, Giussani M, Faini A, Vigorita F, Pieruzzi F, Strepparava MG, Stella A, Valsecchi MG. Maternal perception of excess weight in children: a survey conducted by paediatricians in the province of Milan. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94:747-52. [PMID: 16188779 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish whether maternal perception of a child's body weight (BW) and food intake is related to the level of maternal education. STUDY DESIGN Height and BW of 569 mother/child couples were measured, and mothers received a questionnaire regarding their perception of their own weight and their child's BW and food intake. RESULTS Twenty-nine percent of mothers and 35% of children were overweight or obese. Only 10% of the mothers underestimated their own weight, while 37% overestimated it. In contrast, 28% of mothers underestimated their child's BW, while 9% overestimated it. Higher maternal instruction level was significantly associated to a lower weight class in both mothers and children, and to a correct perception of the child's weight. Fifty-seven per cent of the mothers who perceived their child to be overweight or obese were not concerned. Forty-four per cent of the mothers with overweight or obese children believed that their child was eating correctly. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of how mothers perceive the problem of excess weight in their children is relevant to the success of preventive interventions in childhood obesity.
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