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Jucker T, Fischer FJ, Chave J, Coomes DA, Caspersen J, Ali A, Loubota Panzou GJ, Feldpausch TR, Falster D, Usoltsev VA, Adu‐Bredu S, Alves LF, Aminpour M, Angoboy IB, Anten NPR, Antin C, Askari Y, Muñoz R, Ayyappan N, Balvanera P, Banin L, Barbier N, Battles JJ, Beeckman H, Bocko YE, Bond‐Lamberty B, Bongers F, Bowers S, Brade T, van Breugel M, Chantrain A, Chaudhary R, Dai J, Dalponte M, Dimobe K, Domec J, Doucet J, Duursma RA, Enríquez M, van Ewijk KY, Farfán‐Rios W, Fayolle A, Forni E, Forrester DI, Gilani H, Godlee JL, Gourlet‐Fleury S, Haeni M, Hall JS, He J, Hemp A, Hernández‐Stefanoni JL, Higgins SI, Holdaway RJ, Hussain K, Hutley LB, Ichie T, Iida Y, Jiang H, Joshi PR, Kaboli H, Larsary MK, Kenzo T, Kloeppel BD, Kohyama T, Kunwar S, Kuyah S, Kvasnica J, Lin S, Lines ER, Liu H, Lorimer C, Loumeto J, Malhi Y, Marshall PL, Mattsson E, Matula R, Meave JA, Mensah S, Mi X, Momo S, Moncrieff GR, Mora F, Nissanka SP, O'Hara KL, Pearce S, Pelissier R, Peri PL, Ploton P, Poorter L, Pour MJ, Pourbabaei H, Dupuy‐Rada JM, Ribeiro SC, Ryan C, Sanaei A, Sanger J, Schlund M, Sellan G, Shenkin A, Sonké B, Sterck FJ, Svátek M, Takagi K, Trugman AT, Ullah F, Vadeboncoeur MA, Valipour A, Vanderwel MC, Vovides AG, Wang W, Wang L, Wirth C, Woods M, Xiang W, Ximenes FDA, Xu Y, Yamada T, Zavala MA. Tallo: A global tree allometry and crown architecture database. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:5254-5268. [PMID: 35703577 PMCID: PMC9542605 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data capturing multiple axes of tree size and shape, such as a tree's stem diameter, height and crown size, underpin a wide range of ecological research-from developing and testing theory on forest structure and dynamics, to estimating forest carbon stocks and their uncertainties, and integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. However, these data can be surprisingly hard to come by, particularly for certain regions of the world and for specific taxonomic groups, posing a real barrier to progress in these fields. To overcome this challenge, we developed the Tallo database, a collection of 498,838 georeferenced and taxonomically standardized records of individual trees for which stem diameter, height and/or crown radius have been measured. These data were collected at 61,856 globally distributed sites, spanning all major forested and non-forested biomes. The majority of trees in the database are identified to species (88%), and collectively Tallo includes data for 5163 species distributed across 1453 genera and 187 plant families. The database is publicly archived under a CC-BY 4.0 licence and can be access from: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6637599. To demonstrate its value, here we present three case studies that highlight how the Tallo database can be used to address a range of theoretical and applied questions in ecology-from testing the predictions of metabolic scaling theory, to exploring the limits of tree allometric plasticity along environmental gradients and modelling global variation in maximum attainable tree height. In doing so, we provide a key resource for field ecologists, remote sensing researchers and the modelling community working together to better understand the role that trees play in regulating the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB)UMR 5174 (CNRS/IRD/UPS)Toulouse Cedex 9France
- Université ToulouseToulouse Cedex 9France
| | - David A. Coomes
- Conservation Research InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John Caspersen
- Institute of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Arshad Ali
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou
- Université de Liège, Gembloux Agro‐Bio TechGemblouxBelgium
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Ted R. Feldpausch
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Daniel Falster
- Evolution & Ecology Research CentreUniversity of New South Wales SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vladimir A. Usoltsev
- Department of ForestryUral State Forest Engineering UniversityYekaterinburgRussia
- Department of Forest DynamicsBotanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Stephen Adu‐Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversityKumasiGhana
| | - Luciana F. Alves
- Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and SustainabilityUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mohammad Aminpour
- Natural Recourses and Watershed Management Office, West Azerbaijan ProvinceUrmiaIran
| | - Ilondea B. Angoboy
- Institut National pour l'Etude et la Recherche AgronimiquesDemocratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Niels P. R. Anten
- Center for Crop Systems AnalysisWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Cécile Antin
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | - Yousef Askari
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEOYasoujIran
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Patricia Balvanera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico
| | | | - Nicolas Barbier
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Hans Beeckman
- Service of Wood BiologyRoyal Museum for Central AfricaTervurenBelgium
| | - Yannick E. Bocko
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research InstituteCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Samuel Bowers
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thomas Brade
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Michiel van Breugel
- Yale‐NUS CollegeSingapore
- ForestGEOSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanamaRepublic of Panama
- Department of GeographyNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- Division Forest OfficeMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal
| | - Jingyu Dai
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Michele Dalponte
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all'AdigeItaly
| | - Kangbéni Dimobe
- Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement et du Développement Rural (ISEDR)Université de DédougouDédougouBurkina Faso
| | - Jean‐Christophe Domec
- Bordeaux Sciences Agro‐UMR ISPA, INRAEBordeauxFrance
- Nicholas School of the EnvironmentDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | | | | | - Moisés Enríquez
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Karin Y. van Ewijk
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - Eric Forni
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et SociétésMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Hammad Gilani
- Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad HighwayIslamabadPakistan
| | | | | | - Matthias Haeni
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLBirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Jefferson S. Hall
- ForestGEOSmithsonian Tropical Research InstituteApartadoPanamaRepublic of Panama
| | - Jie‐Kun He
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Andreas Hemp
- Department of Plant SystematicsUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | | | | | | | - Kiramat Hussain
- Gilgit‐Baltistan Forest Wildlife and Environment DepartmentGilgitPakistan
| | - Lindsay B. Hutley
- Research Institute for the Environment & LivelihoodsCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarinaNorthern TerritoryAustralia
| | - Tomoaki Ichie
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine ScienceKochi UniversityNankokuKochiJapan
| | - Yoshiko Iida
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Hai‐sheng Jiang
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | | | - Hasan Kaboli
- Faculty of Desert Studies Semnan UniversitySemnanIran
| | | | - Tanaka Kenzo
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural SciencesTsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Brian D. Kloeppel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural ResourcesWestern Carolina UniversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
- Graduate School and ResearchWestern Carolina UnversityCullowheeNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Takashi Kohyama
- Faculty of Environmental Earth ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Suwash Kunwar
- Division Forest OfficeMinistry of ForestDhangadhiSudurpashchim ProvinceNepal
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shem Kuyah
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT)NairobiKenya
| | - Jakub Kvasnica
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Siliang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Emily R. Lines
- Department of GeographyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Craig Lorimer
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jean‐Joël Loumeto
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité, de Gestion des Ecosystèmes et de l'Environnement (LBGE), Faculté des Sciences et TechniquesUniversité Marien NgouabiBrazzavilleRepublic of Congo
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Peter L. Marshall
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Eskil Mattsson
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research InstituteGöteborgSweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre (GGBC), GothenburgSweden
| | - Radim Matula
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague 6SuchdolCzech Republic
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CoyoacánCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Sylvanus Mensah
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d'Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d'Abomey CalaviCotonouBenin
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Stéphane Momo
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Glenn R. Moncrieff
- Fynbos Node, South African Environmental Observation NetworkClaremontSouth Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Francisco Mora
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico
| | - Sarath P. Nissanka
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka
| | | | | | - Raphaël Pelissier
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | - Pablo L. Peri
- Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) ‐ Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) ‐ CONICETRío GallegosSanta CruzArgentina
| | - Pierre Ploton
- AMAP LabMontpellier University, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAEMontpellierFrance
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Hassan Pourbabaei
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of GuilanSomehsaraIran
| | - Juan Manuel Dupuy‐Rada
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C., Unidad de Recursos NaturalesMéridaYucatánMexico
| | - Sabina C. Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da NaturezaUniversidade Federal do Acre, Campus UniversitárioRio BrancoBrazil
| | - Casey Ryan
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Anvar Sanaei
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of BiologyLeipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Michael Schlund
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Sellan
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRSKourouFrench Guiana
- Department of Natural SciencesManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Alexander Shenkin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Ecole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Svátek
- Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHoronobeJapan
| | - Anna T. Trugman
- Department of GeographyUniversity of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCaliforniaUSA
| | - Farman Ullah
- Forest Ecology Research Group, College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | | | - Ahmad Valipour
- Department of Forestry and The Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros ForestryUniversity of KurdistanErbilIran
| | | | - Alejandra G. Vovides
- School of Geographical and Earth SciencesUniversity of Glasgow, East QuadrangleGlasgowUK
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li‐Qiu Wang
- Department of Forest Resources Management, College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Christian Wirth
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of BiologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Murray Woods
- Ontario Ministry of Natural ResourcesNorth BayOntarioCanada
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangshaHunanChina
| | | | - Yaozhan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed EcologyWuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences of LifeHiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Miguel A. Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group (FORECO), Departamento de Ciencias de la VidaUniversidad de AlcaláMadridSpain
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed Shovon
- Department of Biology University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina SaskatchewanS4S0A2Canada
- Department of Renewable Resources Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AlbertaT6G 2H1Canada
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Department of Biology University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina SaskatchewanS4S0A2Canada
| | - Mark C. Vanderwel
- Department of Biology University of Regina 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina SaskatchewanS4S0A2Canada
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Green DM, McGuire LP, Vanderwel MC, Willis CKR, Noakes MJ, Bohn SJ, Green EN, Brigham RM. Local trends in abundance of migratory bats across 20 years. J Mammal 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) are species of conservation concern because of the documented annual mortality that occurs at wind energy facilities. Several recent studies have predicted continental-scale declines of hoary bat populations due to interactions with wind turbines. We predicted a decrease in captures at a summer site over 20 years where researchers have captured bats using generally consistent methods. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate the relative change in the expected number of captures while controlling for time of year, temperature, and netting effort. We found no decrease in the number of captures for either species. We suggest that the lack of decrease observed at our study site may be a result of compensatory immigration, despite potential broader-scale population declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Green
- Department of Biology, Laboratory Building LB109, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Liam P McGuire
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, Laboratory Building LB248, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Craig K R Willis
- Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Inter-Disciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Matthew J Noakes
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Shelby J Bohn
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Eric N Green
- Department of Biology, Laboratory Building LB109, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - R Mark Brigham
- Department of Biology, Laboratory Building LB109, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Rozendaal DMA, Phillips OL, Lewis SL, Affum-Baffoe K, Alvarez-Davila E, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Baker TR, Bánki O, Brienen RJW, Camargo JLC, Comiskey JA, Djuikouo Kamdem MN, Fauset S, Feldpausch TR, Killeen TJ, Laurance WF, Laurance SGW, Lovejoy T, Malhi Y, Marimon BS, Marimon Junior BH, Marshall AR, Neill DA, Núñez Vargas P, Pitman NCA, Poorter L, Reitsma J, Silveira M, Sonké B, Sunderland T, Taedoumg H, Ter Steege H, Terborgh JW, Umetsu RK, van der Heijden GMF, Vilanova E, Vos V, White LJT, Willcock S, Zemagho L, Vanderwel MC. Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical Africa. Ecology 2020; 101:e03052. [PMID: 32239762 PMCID: PMC7379300 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree's growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome. We quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area growth and mortality for trees ≥10-cm diameter across 151 ~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and tropical Africa by developing nonlinear models that accounted for wood density, tree size, and neighborhood crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or mortality is increased, by competition across all individual trees). On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased with wood density and increased with tree size. Growth decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood density and generally increased with tree size, but was apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding. Across plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal area, but in Amazonia, the strength of competition also varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the strength of competition increased with water availability because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa, competition was weakly related to soil fertility and invariant across the shorter water availability gradient. Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality and that the strength of competition largely depends on environment-mediated variation in basal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver L Phillips
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Simon L Lewis
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Esteban Alvarez-Davila
- Escuela ECAPMA, UNAD, Calle 14 Sur No. 14-23, Bogotá, Colombia.,Fundación Con Vida, Avenida del Río # 20-114, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Andrade
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Av. dos Astronautas 1758, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12227-010, Brazil.,Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565, Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Timothy R Baker
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Olaf Bánki
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2332 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roel J W Brienen
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - José Luis C Camargo
- Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - James A Comiskey
- Inventory & Monitoring Program, National Park Service, 120 Chatham Lane, Fredericksburg, 22405, Virginia, USA.,Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 1100 Jefferson Dr. SW, Suite 3123, Washington, 20560-0705, D.C., USA
| | - Marie Noël Djuikouo Kamdem
- Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 063, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sophie Fauset
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ted R Feldpausch
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK
| | - Timothy J Killeen
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565, Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Cairns, 4878, Australia
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Cairns, 4878, Australia
| | - Thomas Lovejoy
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Av. Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, s/n, Bairro Olaria, Nova Xavantina, State of Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Brazil
| | - Ben-Hur Marimon Junior
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Av. Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, s/n, Bairro Olaria, Nova Xavantina, State of Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Brazil
| | - Andrew R Marshall
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia.,Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, YO10 5NG, UK.,Flamingo Land Ltd., Malton, North Yorkshire, YO17 6UX, UK
| | - David A Neill
- Facultad de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Estatal Amazónica, Puyo, Pastaza, Ecuador
| | - Percy Núñez Vargas
- Herbario Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Avenida de la Cultura, Nro 733, Cusco, Peru
| | - Nigel C A Pitman
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, 60605-2496, Illinois, USA.,Center for Tropical Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, P.O. Box 90381, Durham, 27708, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Reitsma
- Bureau Waardenburg, P.O. Box 365, 4100 AJ, Culemborg, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Silveira
- Museu Universitário, Universidade Federal do Acre, Acre, Brazil
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia.,Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hermann Taedoumg
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2332 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Systems Ecology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W Terborgh
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 14-88 McGregor Road, Cairns, 4878, Australia.,Department of Biology and Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Ricardo K Umetsu
- Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Av. Prof. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, s/n, Bairro Olaria, Nova Xavantina, State of Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Brazil
| | | | - Emilio Vilanova
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Vincent Vos
- Universidad Autónoma de Beni, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia
| | - Lee J T White
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Libreville, BP 20379, Gabon.,Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale, Libreville, BP 13354, Gabon.,School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Simon Willcock
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2DG, UK
| | - Lise Zemagho
- Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
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5
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Li L, Aslam M, Rabbi F, Vanderwel MC, Ashton NW, Suh DY. PpORS, an ancient type III polyketide synthase, is required for integrity of leaf cuticle and resistance to dehydration in the moss, Physcomitrella patens. Planta 2018; 247:527-541. [PMID: 29119267 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PpORS knockout mutants produced abnormal leaves with increased dye permeability and were more susceptible to dehydration, consistent with PpORS products being constituents of a cuticular structure in the moss. Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) have co-evolved with terrestrial plants such that each taxon can generate a characteristic collection of polyketides, fine-tuned to its needs. 2'-Oxoalkylresorcinol synthase from Physcomitrella patens (PpORS) is basal to all plant type III PKSs in phylogenetic trees and may closely resemble their most recent common ancestor. To gain insight into the roles that ancestral plant type III PKSs might have played during early land plant evolution, we constructed and phenotypically characterized targeted knockouts of PpORS. Ors gametophores, unless submerged in water while they were developing, displayed various leaf malformations that included grossly misshapen leaves, missing or abnormal midribs, multicellular protuberances and localized necrosis. Ors leaves, particularly abnormal ones, showed increased permeability to the hydrophilic dye, toluidine blue. Ors gametophores lost water faster and were more susceptible to dehydration than those of the control strain. Our findings are consistent with ors leaves possessing a partially defective cuticle and implicate PpORS in synthesis of the intact cuticle. PpORS orthologs are present in a few moss species but have not been found in other plants. However, conceivably an ancestral ORS in early land plants may have contributed to their protection from dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Misbah Aslam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Fazle Rabbi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Neil W Ashton
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Dae-Yeon Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
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6
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Vanderwel MC, Rozendaal DMA, Evans MEK. Predicting the abundance of forest types across the eastern United States through inverse modelling of tree demography. Ecol Appl 2017; 27:2128-2141. [PMID: 28675670 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Global environmental change is expected to induce widespread changes in the geographic distribution and biomass of forest communities. Impacts have been projected from both empirical (statistical) and mechanistic (physiology-based) modelling approaches, but there remains an important gap in accurately predicting abundance across species' ranges from spatial variation in individual-level demographic processes. We address this issue by using a cohort-based forest dynamics model (CAIN) to predict spatial variation in the abundance of six plant functional types (PFTs) across the eastern United States. The model simulates tree-level growth, mortality, and recruitment, which we parameterized from data on both individual-level demographic rates and population-level abundance using Bayesian inverse modelling. Across a set of 1° grid cells, we calibrated local growth, mortality, and recruitment rates for each PFT to obtain a close match between predicted age-specific PFT basal area in forest stands and that observed in 46,603 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots. The resulting models produced a strong fit to PFT basal area across the region (R2 = 0.66-0.87), captured successional changes in PFT composition with stand age, and predicted the overall stem diameter distribution well. The mortality rates needed to accurately predict basal area were consistently higher than observed mortality, possibly because sampling effects led to biased individual-level mortality estimates across spatially heterogeneous plots. Growth and recruitment rates did not show consistent directional changes from observed values. Relative basal area was most strongly influenced by recruitment processes, but the effects of growth and mortality tended to increase as stands matured. Our study illustrates how both top-down (population-level) and bottom-up (individual-level) data can be combined to predict variation in abundance from size, environmental, and competitive effects on tree demography. Evidence for how demographic processes influence variation in abundance, as provided by our model, can help in understanding how these forests may respond to future environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Danaë M A Rozendaal
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
- Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Margaret E K Evans
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA
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7
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Boczulak SA, Vanderwel MC, Hall BD. Survey of mercury in boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata) and wood frog (Rana sylvatica) tadpoles from wetland ponds in the Prairie Pothole Region of Canada. Facets (Ott) 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2016-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tadpoles are important prey items for many aquatic organisms and often represent the largest vertebrate biomass in many fishless wetland ecosystems. Neurotoxic mercury (Hg) can, at elevated levels, decrease growth, lower survival, and cause developmental instability in amphibians. We compared total Hg (THg) body burden and concentration in boreal chorus frog ( Pseudacris maculata) and wood frog ( Rana sylvatica) tadpoles. Overall, body burden and concentration were lower in boreal chorus frog tadpoles than wood frog tadpoles, as expected, because boreal chorus frog tadpoles consume at lower trophic levels. The variables species, stage, and mass explained 21% of total variation for body burden in our models but had negligible predictive ability for THg concentration. The vast majority of the remaining variation in both body burden and THg concentration was attributable to differences among ponds; tadpoles from ponds in three areas had considerably higher THg body burden and concentration. The pond-to-pond differences were not related to any water chemistry or physical parameter measured, and we assumed that differences in wetland geomorphology likely played an important role in determining Hg levels in tadpoles. This is the first report of Hg in frog tadpoles in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A. Boczulak
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mark C. Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Britt D. Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
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8
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Jucker T, Caspersen J, Chave J, Antin C, Barbier N, Bongers F, Dalponte M, van Ewijk KY, Forrester DI, Haeni M, Higgins SI, Holdaway RJ, Iida Y, Lorimer C, Marshall PL, Momo S, Moncrieff GR, Ploton P, Poorter L, Rahman KA, Schlund M, Sonké B, Sterck FJ, Trugman AT, Usoltsev VA, Vanderwel MC, Waldner P, Wedeux BMM, Wirth C, Wöll H, Woods M, Xiang W, Zimmermann NE, Coomes DA. Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:177-190. [PMID: 27381364 PMCID: PMC6849852 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing is revolutionizing the way we study forests, and recent technological advances mean we are now able - for the first time - to identify and measure the crown dimensions of individual trees from airborne imagery. Yet to make full use of these data for quantifying forest carbon stocks and dynamics, a new generation of allometric tools which have tree height and crown size at their centre are needed. Here, we compile a global database of 108753 trees for which stem diameter, height and crown diameter have all been measured, including 2395 trees harvested to measure aboveground biomass. Using this database, we develop general allometric models for estimating both the diameter and aboveground biomass of trees from attributes which can be remotely sensed - specifically height and crown diameter. We show that tree height and crown diameter jointly quantify the aboveground biomass of individual trees and find that a single equation predicts stem diameter from these two variables across the world's forests. These new allometric models provide an intuitive way of integrating remote sensing imagery into large-scale forest monitoring programmes and will be of key importance for parameterizing the next generation of dynamic vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Jucker
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John Caspersen
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of Toronto33 Willcocks StreetTorontoONM5S 3B3Canada
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstrasse 111Birmensdorf8903Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité BiologiqueUMR5174, CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier Bâtiment 4R1118 route de NarbonneToulouseF‐31062France
| | - Cécile Antin
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUMR AMAPMontpellierFrance
- Institut Français de PondichéryUMIFRE CNRS‐MAE 21PuducherryIndia
| | - Nicolas Barbier
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUMR AMAPMontpellierFrance
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47AA Wageningen6700the Netherlands
| | - Michele Dalponte
- Department of Sustainable Agro‐ecosystems and BioresourcesResearch and Innovation CentreFondazione E. Mach, Via E. Mach 1San Michele all'Adige38010Italy
| | | | - David I. Forrester
- Chair of SilvicultureFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesFreiburg UniversityTennenbacherstr. 4Freiburg79108Germany
| | - Matthias Haeni
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstrasse 111Birmensdorf8903Switzerland
| | - Steven I. Higgins
- Department of BotanyUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin9016New Zealand
| | | | - Yoshiko Iida
- Kyushu Research CenterForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKumamoto860‐0862Japan
| | - Craig Lorimer
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWI53706USA
| | - Peter L. Marshall
- Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Stéphane Momo
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUMR AMAPMontpellierFrance
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'EcologieDépartement des Sciences BiologiquesEcole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Glenn R. Moncrieff
- Fynbos NodeSouth African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON)Centre for Biodiversity ConservationKirstenbosch GardensPrivate Bag X7, Rhodes Drive, ClaremontCape Town7735South Africa
| | - Pierre Ploton
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUMR AMAPMontpellierFrance
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47AA Wageningen6700the Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Schlund
- Department of Earth ObservationFriedrich‐Schiller UniversityLoebdergraben 32Jena07743Germany
| | - Bonaventure Sonké
- Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'EcologieDépartement des Sciences BiologiquesEcole Normale SupérieureUniversité de Yaoundé IYaoundéCameroon
| | - Frank J. Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management GroupWageningen UniversityPO Box 47AA Wageningen6700the Netherlands
| | - Anna T. Trugman
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJ08544USA
| | - Vladimir A. Usoltsev
- Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural branch)Russia and Ural State Forest Engineering UniversityYekaterinburg620100Russia
| | - Mark C. Vanderwel
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Regina3737 Wascana PkwyReginaSKS4S 0A2Canada
| | - Peter Waldner
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSLZürcherstrasse 111Birmensdorf8903Switzerland
| | - Beatrice M. M. Wedeux
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Christian Wirth
- Systematic Botany and Functional BiodiversityInstitute of BiologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Hannsjörg Wöll
- Conservation and Natural Resources ManagementSommersbergseestr. 291Bad AusseeA‐8990Austria
| | - Murray Woods
- Ontario Ministry of Natural ResourcesNorth Bay ONP1A 4L7Canada
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyCentral South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha410004China
| | | | - David A. Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation GroupDepartment of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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9
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Rifai SW, Urquiza Muñoz JD, Negrón-Juárez RI, Ramírez Arévalo FR, Tello-Espinoza R, Vanderwel MC, Lichstein JW, Chambers JQ, Bohlman SA. Landscape-scale consequences of differential tree mortality from catastrophic wind disturbance in the Amazon. Ecol Appl 2016; 26:2225-2237. [PMID: 27755720 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wind disturbance can create large forest blowdowns, which greatly reduces live biomass and adds uncertainty to the strength of the Amazon carbon sink. Observational studies from within the central Amazon have quantified blowdown size and estimated total mortality but have not determined which trees are most likely to die from a catastrophic wind disturbance. Also, the impact of spatial dependence upon tree mortality from wind disturbance has seldom been quantified, which is important because wind disturbance often kills clusters of trees due to large treefalls killing surrounding neighbors. We examine (1) the causes of differential mortality between adult trees from a 300-ha blowdown event in the Peruvian region of the northwestern Amazon, (2) how accounting for spatial dependence affects mortality predictions, and (3) how incorporating both differential mortality and spatial dependence affect the landscape level estimation of necromass produced from the blowdown. Standard regression and spatial regression models were used to estimate how stem diameter, wood density, elevation, and a satellite-derived disturbance metric influenced the probability of tree death from the blowdown event. The model parameters regarding tree characteristics, topography, and spatial autocorrelation of the field data were then used to determine the consequences of non-random mortality for landscape production of necromass through a simulation model. Tree mortality was highly non-random within the blowdown, where tree mortality rates were highest for trees that were large, had low wood density, and were located at high elevation. Of the differential mortality models, the non-spatial models overpredicted necromass, whereas the spatial model slightly underpredicted necromass. When parameterized from the same field data, the spatial regression model with differential mortality estimated only 7.5% more dead trees across the entire blowdown than the random mortality model, yet it estimated 51% greater necromass. We suggest that predictions of forest carbon loss from wind disturbance are sensitive to not only the underlying spatial dependence of observations, but also the biological differences between individuals that promote differential levels of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami W Rifai
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
| | - José D Urquiza Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Robinson I Negrón-Juárez
- Climate Sciences Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | | | - Rodil Tello-Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Pkwy, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jeremy W Lichstein
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Jeffrey Q Chambers
- Climate Sciences Department, Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Coordenação de Pesquisas de Silvicultura Tropical, 69060-001, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Stephanie A Bohlman
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
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10
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Vanderwel MC, Zeng H, Caspersen JP, Kunstler G, Lichstein JW. Demographic controls of aboveground forest biomass across North America. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:414-23. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Vanderwel
- Department of Biology; University of Regina; 3737 Wascana Pkwy Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Hongcheng Zeng
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Toronto; 33 Willcocks St. Toronto ON M5S 3B3 Canada
| | - John P. Caspersen
- Faculty of Forestry; University of Toronto; 33 Willcocks St. Toronto ON M5S 3B3 Canada
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Irstea; UR EMGR; 2 rue de la Papeterie-BP 76 St-Martin-d'Hères F-38402 France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble F-38402 France
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11
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Vanderwel MC, Slot M, Lichstein JW, Reich PB, Kattge J, Atkin OK, Bloomfield KJ, Tjoelker MG, Kitajima K. Global convergence in leaf respiration from estimates of thermal acclimation across time and space. New Phytol 2015; 207:1026-1037. [PMID: 25898850 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent compilations of experimental and observational data have documented global temperature-dependent patterns of variation in leaf dark respiration (R), but it remains unclear whether local adjustments in respiration over time (through thermal acclimation) are consistent with the patterns in R found across geographical temperature gradients. We integrated results from two global empirical syntheses into a simple temperature-dependent respiration framework to compare the measured effects of respiration acclimation-over-time and variation-across-space to one another, and to a null model in which acclimation is ignored. Using these models, we projected the influence of thermal acclimation on: seasonal variation in R; spatial variation in mean annual R across a global temperature gradient; and future increases in R under climate change. The measured strength of acclimation-over-time produces differences in annual R across spatial temperature gradients that agree well with global variation-across-space. Our models further project that acclimation effects could potentially halve increases in R (compared with the null model) as the climate warms over the 21st Century. Convergence in global temperature-dependent patterns of R indicates that physiological adjustments arising from thermal acclimation are capable of explaining observed variation in leaf respiration at ambient growth temperatures across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Vanderwel
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Martijn Slot
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Panama
| | - Jeremy W Lichstein
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australia National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australia National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Division of Forest and Biomaterial Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-Cho, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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12
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Coomes DA, Flores O, Holdaway R, Jucker T, Lines ER, Vanderwel MC. Wood production response to climate change will depend critically on forest composition and structure. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:3632-45. [PMID: 24771558 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Established forests currently function as a major carbon sink, sequestering as woody biomass about 26% of global fossil fuel emissions. Whether forests continue to act as a global sink will depend on many factors, including the response of aboveground wood production (AWP; MgC ha(-1 ) yr(-1) ) to climate change. Here, we explore how AWP in New Zealand's natural forests is likely to change. We start by statistically modelling the present-day growth of 97 199 individual trees within 1070 permanently marked inventory plots as a function of tree size, competitive neighbourhood and climate. We then use these growth models to identify the factors that most influence present-day AWP and to predict responses to medium-term climate change under different assumptions. We find that if the composition and structure of New Zealand's forests were to remain unchanged over the next 30 years, then AWP would increase by 6-23%, primarily as a result of physiological responses to warmer temperatures (with no appreciable effect of changing rainfall). However, if warmth-requiring trees were able to migrate into currently cooler areas and if denser canopies were able to form, then a different AWP response is likely: forests growing in the cool mountain environments would show a 30% increase in AWP, while those in the lowland would hardly respond (on average, -3% when mean annual temperature exceeds 8.0 °C). We conclude that response of wood production to anthropogenic climate change is not only dependent on the physiological responses of individual trees, but is highly contingent on whether forests adjust in composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Coomes
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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13
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Vanderwel MC, Coomes DA, Purves DW. Quantifying variation in forest disturbance, and its effects on aboveground biomass dynamics, across the eastern United States. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:1504-17. [PMID: 23505000 PMCID: PMC3657128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of tree mortality in the global carbon balance is complicated by strong spatial and temporal heterogeneity that arises from the stochastic nature of carbon loss through disturbance. Characterizing spatio-temporal variation in mortality (including disturbance) and its effects on forest and carbon dynamics is thus essential to understanding the current global forest carbon sink, and to predicting how it will change in future. We analyzed forest inventory data from the eastern United States to estimate plot-level variation in mortality (relative to a long-term background rate for individual trees) for nine distinct forest regions. Disturbances that produced at least a fourfold increase in tree mortality over an approximately 5 year interval were observed in 1-5% of plots in each forest region. The frequency of disturbance was lowest in the northeast, and increased southwards along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts as fire and hurricane disturbances became progressively more common. Across the central and northern parts of the region, natural disturbances appeared to reflect a diffuse combination of wind, insects, disease, and ice storms. By linking estimated covariation in tree growth and mortality over time with a data-constrained forest dynamics model, we simulated the implications of stochastic variation in mortality for long-term aboveground biomass changes across the eastern United States. A geographic gradient in disturbance frequency induced notable differences in biomass dynamics between the least- and most-disturbed regions, with variation in mortality causing the latter to undergo considerably stronger fluctuations in aboveground stand biomass over time. Moreover, regional simulations showed that a given long-term increase in mean mortality rates would support greater aboveground biomass when expressed through disturbance effects compared with background mortality, particularly for early-successional species. The effects of increased tree mortality on carbon stocks and forest composition may thus depend partly on whether future mortality increases are chronic or episodic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Vanderwel
- Computational Ecology and Environmental Science Group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK.
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Vanderwel MC, Malcolm JR, Caspersen JP. Using a data-constrained model of home range establishment to predict abundance in spatially heterogeneous habitats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40599. [PMID: 22815772 PMCID: PMC3398050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic modelling approaches that explicitly translate from individual-scale resource selection to the distribution and abundance of a larger population may be better suited to predicting responses to spatially heterogeneous habitat alteration than commonly-used regression models. We developed an individual-based model of home range establishment that, given a mapped distribution of local habitat values, estimates species abundance by simulating the number and position of viable home ranges that can be maintained across a spatially heterogeneous area. We estimated parameters for this model from data on red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi) abundances in 31 boreal forest sites in Ontario, Canada. The home range model had considerably more support from these data than both non-spatial regression models based on the same original habitat variables and a mean-abundance null model. It had nearly equivalent support to a non-spatial regression model that, like the home range model, scaled an aggregate measure of habitat value from local associations with habitat resources. The home range and habitat-value regression models gave similar predictions for vole abundance under simulations of light- and moderate-intensity partial forest harvesting, but the home range model predicted lower abundances than the regression model under high-intensity disturbance. Empirical regression-based approaches for predicting species abundance may overlook processes that affect habitat use by individuals, and often extrapolate poorly to novel habitat conditions. Mechanistic home range models that can be parameterized against abundance data from different habitats permit appropriate scaling from individual- to population-level habitat relationships, and can potentially provide better insights into responses to disturbance.
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Abstract
Most data on the effects of partial-harvest silviculture (where live trees are purposely retained at the time of harvest) on birds come from one or a few discrete harvesting treatments. It is thus difficult to infer species responses across a continuous gradient of tree retention from individual studies. To quantify the levels of tree retention expected to produce specified changes in the relative abundance of individual species, we carried out a meta-analysis of 42 studies that examined the impacts of uniform partial harvesting on North American birds. Of 34 species, sigmoidal models showed a negative effect of harvesting for 14 species and a positive effect for 6 species. Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Brown Creepers (Certhia americana) were the species most sensitive to harvesting. Most of the 14 species that were negatively affected by harvesting showed 25%, 50%, and 75% reductions in abundance (relative to control sites) at tree retention levels ranging from 45 to 85%, 30-70%, and 15-50%, respectively. A few species, such as Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata), exhibited these levels of response at lower tree retention or were not predicted to decrease by 75% in harvested stands. Five of the 6 species that were positively affected by harvesting showed at least a 50% increase in abundance at nearly all levels of tree retention, although other early successional bird species did not appear to benefit from the relatively small openings created by uniform partial harvesting. Three of 20 species exhibited stronger responses to harvesting at a given level of tree retention in boreal and northern mixed forests of North America than other regions of the continent, but, with these exceptions, lack of variation among forest regions supported the broad-scale generality of species' responses to harvesting. The species response models we developed represent useful tools for evaluating stand-level impacts of partial harvesting on birds within an adaptive management framework. Uniform partial harvesting at light and, to a lesser degree, moderate intensities may be effective approaches to managing habitat for late successional bird species as part of broader ecosystem-based forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Vanderwel
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B3, Canada.
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