1
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Shah RR, De Vita E, Sathyamurthi PS, Conole D, Zhang X, Fellows E, Dickinson ER, Fleites CM, Queisser MA, Harling JD, Tate EW. Structure-Guided Design and Optimization of Covalent VHL-Targeted Sulfonyl Fluoride PROTACs. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4641-4654. [PMID: 38478885 PMCID: PMC10982999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are heterobifunctional molecules that have emerged as a therapeutic modality to induce targeted protein degradation (TPD) by harnessing cellular proteolytic degradation machinery. PROTACs which ligand the E3 ligase in a covalent manner have attracted intense interest; however, covalent PROTACs with a broad protein of interest (POI) scope have proven challenging to discover by design. Here, we report the structure-guided design and optimization of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein-targeted sulfonyl fluorides which covalently bind Ser110 in the HIF1α binding site. We demonstrate that their incorporation in bifunctional degraders induces targeted protein degradation of BRD4 or the androgen receptor without further linker optimization. Our study discloses the first covalent VHL ligands which can be implemented directly in bifunctional degrader design, expanding the substrate scope of covalent E3 ligase PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R. Shah
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Elena De Vita
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, 327 Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | | | - Daniel Conole
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
| | - Elliot Fellows
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | | | - Carlos M. Fleites
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | | | - John D. Harling
- GSK,
Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Edward W. Tate
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12
0BZ, U.K.
- The
Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, U.K.
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2
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Brennan PJ, Saunders RE, Spanou M, Serafini M, Sun L, Heger GP, Konopacka A, Beveridge RD, Gordon L, Bunally SB, Saudemont A, Benowitz AB, Martinez-Fleites C, Queisser MA, An H, Deane CM, Hann MM, Brayshaw LL, Conway SJ. Orthogonal IMiD-Degron Pairs Induce Selective Protein Degradation in Cells. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.15.585309. [PMID: 38559242 PMCID: PMC10979945 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory imide drugs (IMiDs) including thalidomide, lenalidomide, and pomalidomide, can be used to induce degradation of a protein of interest that is fused to a short zinc finger (ZF) degron motif. These IMiDs, however, also induce degradation of endogenous neosubstrates, including IKZF1 and IKZF3. To improve degradation selectivity, we took a bump-and-hole approach to design and screen bumped IMiD analogs against 8380 ZF mutants. This yielded a bumped IMiD analog that induces efficient degradation of a mutant ZF degron, while not affecting other cellular proteins, including IKZF1 and IKZF3. In proof-of-concept studies, this system was applied to induce efficient degradation of TRIM28, a disease-relevant protein with no known small molecule binders. We anticipate that this system will make a valuable addition to the current arsenal of degron systems for use in target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Marta Serafini
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | - Liang Sun
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan D. Beveridge
- Virus Screening Facility, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heeseon An
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, USA
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3
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Chan K, Sathyamurthi PS, Queisser MA, Mullin M, Shrives H, Coe DM, Burley GA. Antibody-Proteolysis Targeting Chimera Conjugate Enables Selective Degradation of Receptor-Interacting Serine/Threonine-Protein Kinase 2 in HER2+ Cell Lines. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2049-2054. [PMID: 37917829 PMCID: PMC10655034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a family of heterobifunctional molecules that are now realizing their promise as a therapeutic strategy for targeted protein degradation. However, one limitation of existing designs is the lack of cell-selective targeting of the protein degrading payload. This manuscript reports a cell-targeted approach to degrade receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) in HER2+ cell lines. An antibody-PROTAC conjugate is prepared containing a protease-cleavable linkage between the antibody and the corresponding degrader. Potent RIPK2 degradation is observed in HER2+ cell lines, whereas an equivalent anti-IL4 antibody-PROTAC conjugate shows no degradation at therapeutically relevant concentrations. No RIPK2 degradation was observed in HER2- cell lines for both bioconjugates. This work demonstrates the potential for the cell-selective delivery of PROTAC scaffolds by engaging with signature extracellular proteins expressed on the surface of particular cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chan
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Markus A. Queisser
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mullin
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Shrives
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Diane M. Coe
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United
Kingdom
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4
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Röth S, Kocaturk NM, Sathyamurthi PS, Carton B, Watt M, Macartney TJ, Chan KH, Isidro-Llobet A, Konopacka A, Queisser MA, Sapkota GP. Identification of KLHDC2 as an efficient proximity-induced degrader of K-RAS, STK33, β-catenin, and FoxP3. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:1261-1276.e7. [PMID: 37591251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD), induced by enforcing target proximity to an E3 ubiquitin ligase using small molecules has become an important drug discovery approach for targeting previously undruggable disease-causing proteins. However, out of over 600 E3 ligases encoded by the human genome, just over 10 E3 ligases are currently utilized for TPD. Here, using the affinity-directed protein missile (AdPROM) system, in which an anti-GFP nanobody was linked to an E3 ligase, we screened over 30 E3 ligases for their ability to degrade 4 target proteins, K-RAS, STK33, β-catenin, and FoxP3, which were endogenously GFP-tagged. Several new E3 ligases, including CUL2 diGly receptor KLHDC2, emerged as effective degraders, suggesting that these E3 ligases can be taken forward for the development of small-molecule degraders, such as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that a KLHDC2-recruiting peptide-based PROTAC connected to chloroalkane is capable of degrading HALO-GFP protein in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Röth
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Preethi S Sathyamurthi
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Bill Carton
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Matthew Watt
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kwok-Ho Chan
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Albert Isidro-Llobet
- Chemical Biology, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Markus A Queisser
- Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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5
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Law RP, Nunes J, Chung C, Bantscheff M, Buda K, Dai H, Evans JP, Flinders A, Klimaszewska D, Lewis AJ, Muelbaier M, Scott‐Stevens P, Stacey P, Tame CJ, Watt GF, Zinn N, Queisser MA, Harling JD, Benowitz AB. Discovery and Characterisation of Highly Cooperative FAK‐Degrading PROTACs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert P. Law
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Joao Nunes
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Chun‐wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome GmbH, a GSK company Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Karol Buda
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Han Dai
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - John P. Evans
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Adam Flinders
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | | | - Antonia J. Lewis
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Marcel Muelbaier
- Cellzome GmbH, a GSK company Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Peter Stacey
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | | | - Gillian F. Watt
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Nico Zinn
- Cellzome GmbH, a GSK company Meyerhofstraße 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - John D. Harling
- GlaxoSmithKline Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
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6
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Law RP, Nunes J, Chung CW, Bantscheff M, Buda K, Dai H, Evans JP, Flinders A, Klimaszewska D, Lewis AJ, Muelbaier M, Scott-Stevens P, Stacey P, Tame CJ, Watt GF, Zinn N, Queisser MA, Harling JD, Benowitz AB. Discovery and Characterisation of Highly Cooperative FAK-Degrading PROTACs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23327-23334. [PMID: 34416073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key mediator of tumour progression and metastasis. To date, clinical trials of FAK inhibitors have reported disappointing efficacy for oncology indications. We report the design and characterisation of GSK215, a potent, selective, FAK-degrading Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) based on a binder for the VHL E3 ligase and the known FAK inhibitor VS-4718. X-ray crystallography revealed the molecular basis of the highly cooperative FAK-GSK215-VHL ternary complex, and GSK215 showed differentiated in-vitro pharmacology compared to VS-4718. In mice, a single dose of GSK215 induced rapid and prolonged FAK degradation, giving a long-lasting effect on FAK levels (≈96 h) and a marked PK/PD disconnect. This tool PROTAC molecule is expected to be useful for the study of FAK-degradation biology in vivo, and our results indicate that FAK degradation may be a differentiated clinical strategy versus FAK inhibition for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Law
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Joao Nunes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Chun-Wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Marcus Bantscheff
- Cellzome GmbH, a GSK company, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karol Buda
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Han Dai
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John P Evans
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Adam Flinders
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Diana Klimaszewska
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Antonia J Lewis
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Marcel Muelbaier
- Cellzome GmbH, a GSK company, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Scott-Stevens
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Peter Stacey
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Christopher J Tame
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Gillian F Watt
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nico Zinn
- Cellzome GmbH, a GSK company, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus A Queisser
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John D Harling
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew B Benowitz
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
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7
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Schneider M, Radoux CJ, Hercules A, Ochoa D, Dunham I, Zalmas LP, Hessler G, Ruf S, Shanmugasundaram V, Hann MM, Thomas PJ, Queisser MA, Benowitz AB, Brown K, Leach AR. The PROTACtable genome. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:789-797. [PMID: 34285415 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are an emerging drug modality that may offer new opportunities to circumvent some of the limitations associated with traditional small-molecule therapeutics. By analogy with the concept of the 'druggable genome', the question arises as to which potential drug targets might PROTAC-mediated protein degradation be most applicable. Here, we present a systematic approach to the assessment of the PROTAC tractability (PROTACtability) of protein targets using a series of criteria based on data and information from a diverse range of relevant publicly available resources. Our approach could support decision-making on whether or not a particular target may be amenable to modulation using a PROTAC. Using our approach, we identified 1,067 proteins of the human proteome that have not yet been described in the literature as PROTAC targets that offer potential opportunities for future PROTAC-based efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Schneider
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Chris J Radoux
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Exscientia, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Hercules
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - David Ochoa
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ian Dunham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Lykourgos-Panagiotis Zalmas
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Gerhard Hessler
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Ruf
- Integrated Drug Discovery, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Michael M Hann
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Pam J Thomas
- GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | - Kris Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
- Agenus, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Andrew R Leach
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
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8
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Stacey P, Lithgow H, Lewell X, Konopacka A, Besley S, Green G, Whatling R, Law R, Röth S, Sapkota GP, Smith IED, Burley GA, Harling J, Benowitz AB, Queisser MA, Muelbaier M. A Phenotypic Approach for the Identification of New Molecules for Targeted Protein Degradation Applications. SLAS Discov 2021; 26:885-895. [PMID: 34041938 DOI: 10.1177/24725552211017517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging new strategy for the modulation of intracellular protein levels with applications in chemical biology and drug discovery. One approach to enable this strategy is to redirect the ubiquitin-proteasome system to mark and degrade target proteins of interest (POIs) through the use of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs). Although great progress has been made in enabling PROTACs as a platform, there are still a limited number of E3 ligases that have been employed for PROTAC design. Herein we report a novel phenotypic screening approach for the identification of E3 ligase binders. The key concept underlying this approach is the high-throughput modification of screening compounds with a chloroalkane moiety to generate HaloPROTACs in situ, which were then evaluated for their ability to degrade a GFP-HaloTag fusion protein in a cellular context. As proof of concept, we demonstrated that we could generate and detect functional HaloPROTACs in situ, using a validated Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) binder that successfully degraded the GFP-HaloTag fusion protein in living cells. We then used this method to prepare and screen a library of approximately 2000 prospective E3 ligase-recruiting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Lithgow
- Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xiao Lewell
- Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Law
- Medicine Design, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Sascha Röth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (PPU), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit (PPU), University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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9
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Chung CW, Dai H, Fernandez E, Tinworth CP, Churcher I, Cryan J, Denyer J, Harling JD, Konopacka A, Queisser MA, Tame CJ, Watt G, Jiang F, Qian D, Benowitz AB. Structural Insights into PROTAC-Mediated Degradation of Bcl-xL. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2316-2323. [PMID: 32697072 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family of proteins, such as Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, play key roles in cancer cell survival. Structural studies of Bcl-xL formed the foundation for the development of the first Bcl-2 family inhibitors and FDA approved drugs. Recently, Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) that degrade Bcl-xL have been proposed as a therapeutic modality with the potential to enhance potency and reduce toxicity versus antagonists. However, no ternary complex structures of Bcl-xL with a PROTAC and an E3 ligase have been successfully determined to guide this approach. Herein, we report the design, characterization, and X-ray structure of a VHL E3 ligase-recruiting Bcl-xL PROTAC degrader. The 1.9 Å heterotetrameric structure, composed of (ElonginB:ElonginC:VHL):PROTAC:Bcl-xL, reveals an extensive network of neo-interactions, between the E3 ligase and the target protein, and between noncognate parts of the PROTAC and partner proteins. This work illustrates the challenges associated with the rational design of bifunctional molecules where interactions involve composite interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-wa Chung
- Protein, Cellular & Structural Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Han Dai
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Esther Fernandez
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Tinworth
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Churcher
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jenni Cryan
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Denyer
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Harling
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Markus A. Queisser
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Tame
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Watt
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Fan Jiang
- Viva Biotech, Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Rd., Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongming Qian
- Viva Biotech, Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Rd., Zhangjiang High-tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Andrew B. Benowitz
- Protein Degradation Group, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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10
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Röth S, Macartney TJ, Konopacka A, Chan KH, Zhou H, Queisser MA, Sapkota GP. Targeting Endogenous K-RAS for Degradation through the Affinity-Directed Protein Missile System. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1151-1163.e6. [PMID: 32668202 PMCID: PMC7505679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
K-RAS is known as the most frequently mutated oncogene. However, the development of conventional K-RAS inhibitors has been extremely challenging, with a mutation-specific inhibitor reaching clinical trials only recently. Targeted proteolysis has emerged as a new modality in drug discovery to tackle undruggable targets. Our laboratory has developed a system for targeted proteolysis using peptidic high-affinity binders, called “AdPROM.” Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock in a GFP tag on the native K-RAS gene in A549 adenocarcinoma (A549GFPKRAS) cells and constructed AdPROMs containing high-affinity GFP or H/K-RAS binders. Expression of GFP-targeting AdPROM in A549GFPKRAS led to robust proteasomal degradation of endogenous GFP-K-RAS, while expression of anti-HRAS-targeting AdPROM in different cell lines resulted in the degradation of both GFP-tagged and untagged K-RAS, and untagged H-RAS. Our findings imply that endogenous RAS proteins can be targeted for proteolysis, supporting the idea of an alternative therapeutic approach to these undruggable targets. Generation of A549 cells with a homozygous knockin of GFP tag on the KRAS gene Proteasomal degradation of endogenous GFP-K-RAS using a VHL-GFP-nanobody fusion Proteasomal degradation of endogenous H/K-RAS using VHL-H/K-RAS-monobody fusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Röth
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Thomas J Macartney
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- GlaxoSmithKline, Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Kwok-Ho Chan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Houjiang Zhou
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Markus A Queisser
- GlaxoSmithKline, Protein Degradation Group, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | - Gopal P Sapkota
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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11
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Schulz J, Avci D, Queisser MA, Gutschmidt A, Dreher LS, Fenech EJ, Volkmar N, Hayashi Y, Hoppe T, Christianson JC. Conserved cytoplasmic domains promote Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase complex formation for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3322-3335. [PMID: 28827405 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian ubiquitin ligase Hrd1 is the central component of a complex facilitating degradation of misfolded proteins during the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent process of ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Hrd1 associates with cofactors to execute ERAD, but their roles and how they assemble with Hrd1 are not well understood. Here, we identify crucial cofactor interaction domains within Hrd1 and report a previously unrecognised evolutionarily conserved segment within the intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic domain of Hrd1 (termed the HAF-H domain), which engages complementary segments in the cofactors FAM8A1 and Herp (also known as HERPUD1). This domain is required by Hrd1 to interact with both FAM8A1 and Herp, as well as to assemble higher-order Hrd1 complexes. FAM8A1 enhances binding of Herp to Hrd1, an interaction that is required for ERAD. Our findings support a model of Hrd1 complex formation, where the Hrd1 cytoplasmic domain and FAM8A1 have a central role in the assembly and activity of this ERAD machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Schulz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dönem Avci
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Markus A Queisser
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Aljona Gutschmidt
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Lena-Sophie Dreher
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Emma J Fenech
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Thorsten Hoppe
- Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - John C Christianson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Kouri FM, Hurley LA, Daniel WL, Day ES, Hua Y, Hao L, Peng CY, Merkel TJ, Queisser MA, Ritner C, Zhang H, James CD, Sznajder JI, Chin L, Giljohann DA, Kessler JA, Peter ME, Mirkin CA, Stegh AH. miR-182 integrates apoptosis, growth, and differentiation programs in glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2015; 29:732-45. [PMID: 25838542 PMCID: PMC4387715 DOI: 10.1101/gad.257394.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kouri et al. identified miR-182 as a regulator of apoptosis, growth, and differentiation programs whose expression level is correlated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patient survival. Repression of Bcl2-like12 (Bcl2L12), c-Met, and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2A) is of central importance to miR-182 anti-tumor activity. Intravenously administered miR-182-based spherical nucleic acids penetrated the blood–brain/blood–tumor barriers (BBB/BTB) in orthotopic GBM xenografts and selectively disseminated throughout extravascular glioma parenchyma, causing reduced tumor burden and increased animal survival. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal, therapy-resistant brain cancer consisting of numerous tumor cell subpopulations, including stem-like glioma-initiating cells (GICs), which contribute to tumor recurrence following initial response to therapy. Here, we identified miR-182 as a regulator of apoptosis, growth, and differentiation programs whose expression level is correlated with GBM patient survival. Repression of Bcl2-like12 (Bcl2L12), c-Met, and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF2A) is of central importance to miR-182 anti-tumor activity, as it results in enhanced therapy susceptibility, decreased GIC sphere size, expansion, and stemness in vitro. To evaluate the tumor-suppressive function of miR-182 in vivo, we synthesized miR-182-based spherical nucleic acids (182-SNAs); i.e., gold nanoparticles covalently functionalized with mature miR-182 duplexes. Intravenously administered 182-SNAs penetrated the blood–brain/blood–tumor barriers (BBB/BTB) in orthotopic GBM xenografts and selectively disseminated throughout extravascular glioma parenchyma, causing reduced tumor burden and increased animal survival. Our results indicate that harnessing the anti-tumor activities of miR-182 via safe and robust delivery of 182-SNAs represents a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini M Kouri
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Lisa A Hurley
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | - Emily S Day
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Youjia Hua
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Liangliang Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Timothy J Merkel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Markus A Queisser
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Carissa Ritner
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Hailei Zhang
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Lynda Chin
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | - John A Kessler
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Alexander H Stegh
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; The Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA; International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;
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Queisser MA, Dada LA, Deiss-Yehiely N, Angulo M, Zhou G, Kouri FM, Knab LM, Liu J, Stegh AH, DeCamp MM, Budinger GRS, Chandel NS, Ciechanover A, Iwai K, Sznajder JI. HOIL-1L functions as the PKCζ ubiquitin ligase to promote lung tumor growth. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:688-98. [PMID: 25118570 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0463oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) has been reported to act as a tumor suppressor. Deletion of PKCζ in experimental cancer models has been shown to increase tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of PKCζ down-regulation in cancerous cells have not been previously described. OBJECTIVES To determine the molecular mechanisms that lead to decreased PKCζ expression and thus increased survival in cancer cells and tumor growth. METHODS The levels of expression of heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1L (HOIL-1L), HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP), Shank-associated RH domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN), and PKCζ were analyzed by Western blot and/or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in different cell lines. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments were used to demonstrate the interaction between HOIL-1L and PKCζ. Ubiquitination was measured in an in vitro ubiquitination assay and by Western blot with specific antibodies. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) was determined by gain/loss-of-function experiments. The effect of HOIL-1L expression on cell death was investigated using RNA interference approaches in vitro and on tumor growth in mice models. Increased HOIL-1L and decreased PKCζ expression was assessed in lung adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme and documented in several other cancer types by oncogenomic analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hypoxia is a hallmark of rapidly growing solid tumors. We found that during hypoxia, PKCζ is ubiquitinated and degraded via the ubiquitin ligase HOIL-1L, a component of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). In vitro ubiquitination assays indicate that HOIL-1L ubiquitinates PKCζ at Lys-48, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. In a xenograft tumor model and lung cancer model, we found that silencing of HOIL-1L increased the abundance of PKCζ and decreased the size of tumors, suggesting that lower levels of HOIL-1L promote survival. Indeed, mRNA transcript levels of HOIL-1L were elevated in tumor of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and in a lung adenocarcinoma tissue microarray the levels of HOIL-1L were associated with high-grade tumors. Moreover, we found that HOIL-1L expression was regulated by HIFs. Interestingly, the actions of HOIL-1L were independent of LUBAC. CONCLUSIONS These data provide first evidence of a mechanism of cancer cell adaptation to hypoxia where HIFs regulate HOIL-1L, which targets PKCζ for degradation to promote tumor survival. We provided a proof of concept that silencing of HOIL-1L impairs lung tumor growth and that HOIL-1L expression predicts survival rate in cancer patients suggesting that HOIL-1L is an attractive target for cancer therapy.
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14
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Saffarzadeh M, Juenemann C, Queisser MA, Lochnit G, Barreto G, Galuska SP, Lohmeyer J, Preissner KT. Neutrophil extracellular traps directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death: a predominant role of histones. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32366. [PMID: 22389696 PMCID: PMC3289648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 900] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in innate immunity by defending the host organism against invading microorganisms. Antimicrobial activity of neutrophils is mediated by release of antimicrobial peptides, phagocytosis as well as formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). These structures are composed of DNA, histones and granular proteins such as neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase. This study focused on the influence of NET on the host cell functions, particularly on human alveolar epithelial cells as the major cells responsible for gas exchange in the lung. Upon direct interaction with epithelial and endothelial cells, NET induced cytotoxic effects in a dose-dependent manner, and digestion of DNA in NET did not change NET-mediated cytotoxicity. Pre-incubation of NET with antibodies against histones, with polysialic acid or with myeloperoxidase inhibitor but not with elastase inhibitor reduced NET-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that histones and myeloperoxidase are responsible for NET-mediated cytotoxicity. Although activated protein C (APC) did decrease the histone-induced cytotoxicity in a purified system, it did not change NET-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that histone-dependent cytotoxicity of NET is protected against APC degradation. Moreover, in LPS-induced acute lung injury mouse model, NET formation was documented in the lung tissue as well as in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These data reveal the important role of protein components in NET, particularly histones, which may lead to host cell cytotoxicity and may be involved in lung tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saffarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Juenemann
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus A. Queisser
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Sebastian P. Galuska
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Lohmeyer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the main degradation machinery for intracellularly altered proteins. Hyperglycemia has been shown to increase intracellular levels of the reactive dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MGO) in cells damaged by diabetes, resulting in modification of proteins and alterations of their function. In this study, the influence of MGO-derived advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation on the activity of the proteasome was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS MGO-derived AGE modification of proteasome subunits was analyzed by mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and Western blots. Proteasome activity was analyzed using proteasome-specific fluorogenic substrates. Experimental models included bovine retinal endothelial cells, diabetic Ins2(Akita) mice, glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) knockdown mice, and streptozotocin (STZ)-injected diabetic mice. RESULTS In vitro incubation with MGO caused adduct formation on several 20S proteasomal subunit proteins. In cultured endothelial cells, the expression level of the catalytic 20S proteasome subunit was not altered but proteasomal chymotrypsin-like activity was significantly reduced. In contrast, levels of regulatory 19S proteasomal proteins were decreased. In diabetic Ins2(Akita), STZ diabetic, and nondiabetic and diabetic G101 knockdown mice, chymotrypsin-like activity was also reduced and MGO modification of the 20S-beta2 subunit was increased. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia-induced formation of MGO covalently modifies the 20S proteasome, decreasing its activity in the diabetic kidney and reducing the polyubiquitin receptor 19S-S5a. The results indicate a new link between hyperglycemia and impairment of cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A. Queisser
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dachun Yao
- Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sven Geisler
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günter Lochnit
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Erwin D. Schleicher
- Department of Medicine IV, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Brownlee
- Diabetes Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
- Corresponding author: Klaus T. Preissner,
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Queisser MA, Kouri FM, Königshoff M, Wygrecka M, Schubert U, Eickelberg O, Preissner KT. Loss of RAGE in pulmonary fibrosis: molecular relations to functional changes in pulmonary cell types. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:337-45. [PMID: 18421017 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0244oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a transmembrane receptor of the Ig superfamily. While vascular RAGE expression is associated with kidney and liver fibrosis, high expression levels of RAGE are found under physiological conditions in the lung. In this study, RAGE expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was assessed, and the relationship of the receptor to functional changes of epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of the disease was investigated. Significant down-regulation of RAGE was observed in lung homogenate and alveolar epithelial type II cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in bleomycin-treated mice, demonstrated by RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, RAGE down-regulation was provoked by stimulation of primary human lung fibroblasts and A549 epithelial cells with the proinflammatory cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta1 or TNF-alpha. Blockade of RAGE resulted in impaired cell adhesion, and small interfering RNA-induced knockdown of RAGE increased cell proliferation and migration of A549 cells and human primary fibroblast in vitro. These results indicate that RAGE serves a protective role in the lung, and that loss of the receptor is related to functional changes of pulmonary cell types, with the consequences of fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A Queisser
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Giessen Lung Center, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Kouri FM, Queisser MA, Königshoff M, Chrobak I, Preissner KT, Seeger W, Eickelberg O. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008; 40:1872-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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