1
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Flerlage JE, Myers JR, Maciaszek JL, Oak N, Rashkin SR, Hui Y, Wang YD, Chen W, Wu G, Chang TC, Hamilton K, Tithi SS, Goldin LR, Rotunno M, Caporaso N, Vogt A, Flamish D, Wyatt K, Liu J, Tucker M, Hahn CN, Brown AL, Scott HS, Mullighan C, Nichols KE, Metzger ML, McMaster ML, Yang JJ, Rampersaud E. Discovery of novel predisposing coding and noncoding variants in familial Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2023; 141:1293-1307. [PMID: 35977101 PMCID: PMC10082357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial aggregation of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) has been demonstrated in large population studies, pointing to genetic predisposition to this hematological malignancy. To understand the genetic variants associated with the development of HL, we performed whole genome sequencing on 234 individuals with and without HL from 36 pedigrees that had 2 or more first-degree relatives with HL. Our pedigree selection criteria also required at least 1 affected individual aged <21 years, with the median age at diagnosis of 21.98 years (3-55 years). Family-based segregation analysis was performed for the identification of coding and noncoding variants using linkage and filtering approaches. Using our tiered variant prioritization algorithm, we identified 44 HL-risk variants in 28 pedigrees, of which 33 are coding and 11 are noncoding. The top 4 recurrent risk variants are a coding variant in KDR (rs56302315), a 5' untranslated region variant in KLHDC8B (rs387906223), a noncoding variant in an intron of PAX5 (rs147081110), and another noncoding variant in an intron of GATA3 (rs3824666). A newly identified splice variant in KDR (c.3849-2A>C) was observed for 1 pedigree, and high-confidence stop-gain variants affecting IRF7 (p.W238∗) and EEF2KMT (p.K116∗) were also observed. Multiple truncating variants in POLR1E were found in 3 independent pedigrees as well. Whereas KDR and KLHDC8B have previously been reported, PAX5, GATA3, IRF7, EEF2KMT, and POLR1E represent novel observations. Although there may be environmental factors influencing lymphomagenesis, we observed segregation of candidate germline variants likely to predispose HL in most of the pedigrees studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Flerlage
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Jason R. Myers
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jamie L. Maciaszek
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ninad Oak
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Sara R. Rashkin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yawei Hui
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wenan Chen
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kayla Hamilton
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Saima S. Tithi
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lynn R. Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Neil Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Jia Liu
- Leidos Biomedical, Inc, Frederick, MD
| | - Margaret Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Charles Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Monika L. Metzger
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Mary L. McMaster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jun J. Yang
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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2
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Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by the presence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) in the bone marrow accompanied by a monoclonal immunoglobulin type M (IgM) in the serum. WM was first described only 80 years ago and became reportable in the US as a malignancy in 1988. Very little systematic research was conducted prior to 2000 to characterize incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors or diagnostic and prognostic criteria, and there were essentially no WM-specific clinical interventional trials. Since the inaugural meeting of the International Workshop in Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (IWWM) in 2000, WM has become the focus of a steadily increasing and productive body of research, engaging a growing number of investigators throughout the world. This introductory overview provides summary of the current understanding of the epidemiology of WM/LPL as a backdrop for a series of consensus panel recommendations arising from research presented at the 11th IWWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health and Human Services, Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service, Washington, DC.
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3
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Bai J, Shi J, Zhang Y, Li C, Xiong Y, Koka H, Wang D, Zhang T, Song L, Luo W, Zhu B, Hicks B, Hutchinson A, Kirk E, Troester MA, Li M, Shen Y, Ma T, Wang J, Liu X, Wang S, Gui S, McMaster ML, Chanock SJ, Parry DM, Goldstein AM, Yang XR. Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Two Chordoma Subtypes Associated with Distinct Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:261-270. [PMID: 36260525 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chordoma is a rare bone tumor with a high recurrence rate and limited treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify molecular subtypes of chordoma that may improve clinical management. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted RNA sequencing in 48 tumors from patients with Chinese skull-base chordoma and identified two major molecular subtypes. We then replicated the classification using a NanoString panel in 48 patients with chordoma from North America. RESULTS Tumors in one subtype were more likely to have somatic mutations and reduced expression in chromatin remodeling genes, such as PBRM1 and SETD2, whereas the other subtype was characterized by the upregulation of genes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Sonic Hedgehog pathways. IHC staining of top differentially expressed genes between the two subtypes in 312 patients with Chinese chordoma with long-term follow-up data showed that the expression of some markers such as PTCH1 was significantly associated with survival outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may improve the understanding of subtype-specific tumorigenesis of chordoma and inform clinical prognostication and targeted options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Bai
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yazhuo Zhang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chuzhong Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Xiong
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hela Koka
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Difei Wang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Wen Luo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland.,Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Erin Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Shen
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshun Ma
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dilys M Parry
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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Golmard L, Vasta LM, Duflos V, Corsini C, d’Enghien CD, McMaster ML, Harney LA, Carr AG, Ling A, Dijoud F, Gauthier A, Miettinen M, Cost NG, Gauthier-Villars M, Orbach D, Irtan S, Haouy S, Schultz KAP, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Coupier I, Stewart DR, Sirvent N. Testicular Sertoli cell tumour and potentially testicular Leydig cell tumour are features of DICER1 syndrome. J Med Genet 2022; 59:346-350. [PMID: 33782093 PMCID: PMC9743800 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
DICER1 syndrome is a rare paediatric autosomal dominant inherited disorder predisposing to various benign and malignant tumours. It is caused by a germline pathogenic variant in DICER1, and the second hit for tumour development is usually a missense hotspot pathogenic variant in the DICER1 ribonuclease IIIb domain. While DICER1 predisposing variants account for about 60% of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours, no DICER1-related testicular stromal tumours have been described. Here we report the first two cases of testicular stromal tumours in children carrying a DICER1 germline pathogenic variant: a case of Sertoli cell tumour and a case of Leydig cell tumour diagnosed at 2 and 12 years of age, respectively. A somatic DICER1 hotspot pathogenic variant was detected in the Sertoli cell tumour. This report extends the spectrum of DICER1-related tumours to include testicular Sertoli cell tumour and potentially testicular Leydig cell tumour. Diagnosis of a testicular Sertoli cell tumour should prompt DICER1 genetic testing so that patients with a DICER1 germline pathogenic variant can benefit from established surveillance guidelines. DICER1 genetic evaluation may be considered for testicular Leydig cell tumour. Our findings suggest that miRNA dysregulation underlies the aetiology of some testicular stromal tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Golmard
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Lauren M. Vasta
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA,National Capital Consortium, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valérie Duflos
- Department of Pediatric oncology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Carole Corsini
- Department of Oncogenetics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mary L. McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Arnaud Gauthier
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Markku Miettinen
- National Cancer Institute Laboratory of Pathology, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas G. Cost
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Urologic Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology and Oncology, Pediatric Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | | | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children and AYA with Cancer), PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Irtan
- Department of Pediatric surgery, Trousseau hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Haouy
- Department of Pediatric oncology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Kris Ann P. Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children’s Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France,Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Coupier
- Department of Oncogenetics, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Sirvent
- Department of Pediatric oncology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
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5
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Kim WT, Hennick K, Johnson J, Finnerty B, Choo S, Short SB, Drubin C, Forster R, McMaster ML, Hockemeyer D. Cancer-associated POT1 mutations lead to telomere elongation without induction of a DNA damage response. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107346. [PMID: 33934394 PMCID: PMC8204863 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the shelterin protein POT1 are associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma, angiosarcoma, melanoma, and other cancers. These cancer‐associated POT1 (caPOT1) mutations are generally heterozygous, missense, or nonsense mutations occurring throughout the POT1 reading frame. Cancers with caPOT1 mutations have elongated telomeres and show increased genomic instability, but which of the two phenotypes promotes tumorigenesis is unclear. We tested the effects of CAS9‐engineered caPOT1 mutations in human embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells (hESCs and HSCs, respectively). HSCs with caPOT1 mutations did not show overt telomere damage. In vitro and in vivo competition experiments showed the caPOT1 mutations did not confer a selective disadvantage. Since DNA damage signaling is known to affect the fitness of HSCs, the data argue that caPOT1 mutations do not cause significant telomere damage. Furthermore, hESC lines with caPOT1 mutations showed no detectable telomere damage response while showing consistent telomere elongation. Thus, caPOT1 mutations are likely selected for during cancer progression because of their ability to elongate telomeres and extend the proliferative capacity of the incipient cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelsey Hennick
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Finnerty
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Seunga Choo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sarah B Short
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Casey Drubin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Forster
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dirk Hockemeyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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6
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Slager SL, Lanasa MC, Marti GE, Achenbach SJ, Camp NJ, Abbasi F, Kay NE, Vachon CM, Cerhan JR, Johnston JB, Call TG, Rabe KG, Kleinstern G, Boddicker NJ, Norman AD, Parikh SA, Leis JF, Banerji V, Brander DM, Glenn M, Ferrajoli A, Curtin K, Braggio E, Shanafelt TD, McMaster ML, Weinberg JB, Hanson CA, Caporaso NE. Natural history of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis among relatives in CLL families. Blood 2021; 137:2046-2056. [PMID: 33512457 PMCID: PMC8057266 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) has one of the highest familial risks among cancers. Monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), the precursor to CLL, has a higher prevalence (13%-18%) in families with 2 or more members with CLL compared with the general population (5%-12%). Although, the rate of progression to CLL for high-count MBLs (clonal B-cell count ≥500/µL) is ∼1% to 5%/y, no low-count MBLs have been reported to progress to date. We report the incidence and natural history of MBL in relatives from CLL families. In 310 CLL families, we screened 1045 relatives for MBL using highly sensitive flow cytometry and prospectively followed 449 of them. MBL incidence was directly age- and sex-adjusted to the 2010 US population. CLL cumulative incidence was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. At baseline, the prevalence of MBL was 22% (235/1045 relatives). After a median follow-up of 8.1 years among 449 relatives, 12 individuals progressed to CLL with a 5-year cumulative incidence of 1.8%. When considering just the 139 relatives with low-count MBL, the 5-year cumulative incidence increased to 5.7%. Finally, 264 had no MBL at baseline, of whom 60 individuals subsequently developed MBL (2 high-count and 58 low-count MBLs) with an age- and sex-adjusted incidence of 3.5% after a median of 6 years of follow-up. In a screening cohort of relatives from CLL families, we reported progression from normal-count to low-count MBL to high-count MBL to CLL, demonstrating that low-count MBL precedes progression to CLL. We estimated a 1.1% annual rate of progression from low-count MBL, which is in excess of that in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark C Lanasa
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Gerald E Marti
- Lymphoid Malignancies Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Fatima Abbasi
- Center for Biologics Research and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Springs, MD
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - James B Johnston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Timothy G Call
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Aaron D Norman
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sameer A Parikh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jose F Leis
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Versha Banerji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Danielle M Brander
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Martha Glenn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - J Brice Weinberg
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC; and
| | - Curtis A Hanson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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7
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Kim J, Gianferante M, Karyadi DM, Hartley SW, Frone MN, Luo W, Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Bhatia S, Dean M, Yeager M, Zhu B, Song L, Sampson JN, Yasui Y, Leisenring WM, Brodie SA, de Andrade KC, Fortes FP, Goldstein AM, Khincha PP, Machiela MJ, McMaster ML, Nickerson ML, Oba L, Pemov A, Pinheiro M, Rotunno M, Santiago K, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Diver WR, Teras L, Freedman ND, Hicks BD, Zhu B, Wang M, Jones K, Hutchinson AA, Dagnall C, Savage SA, Tucker MA, Chanock SJ, Morton LM, Stewart DR, Mirabello L. Frequency of Pathogenic Germline Variants in Cancer-Susceptibility Genes in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab007. [PMID: 34308104 PMCID: PMC8023430 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric cancers are the leading cause of death by disease in children despite improved survival rates overall. The contribution of germline genetic susceptibility to pediatric cancer survivors has not been extensively characterized. We assessed the frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 5451 long-term pediatric cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Methods Exome sequencing was conducted on germline DNA from 5451 pediatric cancer survivors (cases who survived ≥5 years from diagnosis; n = 5105 European) and 597 European cancer-free adults (controls). Analyses focused on comparing the frequency of rare P/LP variants in 237 cancer-susceptibility genes and a subset of 60 autosomal dominant high-to-moderate penetrance genes, for both case-case and case-control comparisons. Results Of European cases, 4.1% harbored a P/LP variant in high-to-moderate penetrance autosomal dominant genes compared with 1.3% in controls (2-sided P = 3 × 10-4). The highest frequency of P/LP variants was in genes typically associated with adult onset rather than pediatric cancers, including BRCA1/2, FH, PALB2, PMS2, and CDKN2A. A statistically significant excess of P/LP variants, after correction for multiple tests, was detected in patients with central nervous system cancers (NF1, SUFU, TSC1, PTCH2), Wilms tumor (WT1, REST), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PMS2), and soft tissue sarcomas (SDHB, DICER1, TP53, ERCC4, FGFR3) compared with other pediatric cancers. Conclusion In long-term pediatric cancer survivors, we identified P/LP variants in cancer-susceptibility genes not previously associated with pediatric cancer as well as confirmed known associations. Further characterization of variants in these genes in pediatric cancer will be important to provide optimal genetic counseling for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Gianferante
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen W Hartley
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan N Frone
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship,
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St.
Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wendy M Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs,
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seth A Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kelvin C de Andrade
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fernanda P Fortes
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer
Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Payal P Khincha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitchell J Machiela
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael L Nickerson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leatrisse Oba
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Pemov
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maisa Pinheiro
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karina Santiago
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer
Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Basic Research Subdirection, Instituto Nacional de
Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer
Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer
Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Amy A Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Casey Dagnall
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Mirabello
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Stang A, McMaster ML, Sesterhenn IA, Rapley E, Huddart R, Heimdal K, McGlynn KA, Oosterhuis JW, Greene MH. Histological Features of Sporadic and Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Compared and Analysis of Age-Related Changes of Histology. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071652. [PMID: 33916078 PMCID: PMC8037944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are highly heritable, and earlier studies reported a higher prevalence of certain microscopic features in familial cases compared with sporadic cases. Reasoning by analogy relative to different causal genes for different histologic subtypes of familial kidney cancer, we searched for etiologically informative histopathology associations in familial testicular germ cell cancer. We conducted a detailed, blinded pathology review of familial and sporadic TGCT cases to investigate whether we could identify differences between these two patient subsets and to study the effect of age at diagnosis on histologic features in both groups combined. Our results show no specific histologic differences between familial and sporadic TGCTs. However, we observed histologic features that varied with age at diagnosis among the two groups combined. Thus, our results suggest that there are no histological differences between familial and sporadic TGCT that might identify genetically distinct disease subsets. Abstract This study aimed to compare histological features of familial and sporadic testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) and surrounding parenchyma, since discriminating features might be etiologically relevant and clinically useful. The study of parenchyma was prompted by reports claiming a higher prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in familial cases. Histological features of TGCTs and surrounding parenchyma of 296 sporadic and 305 familial cases were compared. For each case, one representative hematoxylin and eosin-stained slide was available. Slides were independently scored by two expert pathologists using a semi-quantitative data abstract. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. A logistic regression model was used to assess the ability to discriminate between sporadic and familial GCT. The histological composition of a tumor, amount of lymphocytic infiltration, amount of germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), and presence of testicular microlithiasis (TM) did not discriminate between sporadic and familial GCT (area under the curve 0.56, 95%CI 0.51–0.61). Novel observations included increasing lymphocytic infiltration and decreasing GCNIS and TM with increasing age at diagnosis. The presence of tubules with infiltrating lymphocytes was mainly associated with pure seminomas and nonseminomas with a seminoma component. Among seminomas, tubules with infiltrating lymphocytes decreased with increasing age. No discernable differences between sporadic and familial TGCTs were found. The age-related changes in the tumors and surrounding parenchyma in these groups combined are consistent with a host response building up over time predominantly affecting seminomas, the seminoma-component of nonseminomas and GCNIS. TM may gradually dissolve with age. Our hypothesis that histological differences between sporadic and familial TGCT might identify genetically distinct disease subsets was not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stang
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mary L. McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-276-7248
| | | | - Elizabeth Rapley
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute for Cancer Research, London SM7 1DN, UK;
| | - Robert Huddart
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Institute for Cancer Research, London SM7 1DN, UK;
| | - Ketil Heimdal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Katherine A. McGlynn
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Jan Wolter Oosterhuis
- Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Mark H. Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
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9
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Vasta LM, McMaster ML, Harney LA, Ling A, Kim J, Harris AK, Carr AG, Damrauer SM, Rader DJ, Kember RL, Kanetsky PA, Nathanson KL, Pyle LC, Greene MH, Schultz KA, Stewart DR. Lack of pathogenic germline DICER1 variants in males with testicular germ-cell tumors. Cancer Genet 2020; 248-249:49-56. [PMID: 33158809 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported conflicting evidence on the inclusion of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in the DICER1 tumor-predisposition phenotype. We evaluated the relationship between DICER1 and TGCT by reviewing scrotal ultrasounds of males with pathogenic germline variants in DICER1 and queried exome data from TGCT-affected men for DICER1 variants. METHODOLOGY Fifty-four male DICER1-carriers and family controls (n=41) enrolled in the National Cancer Institute (NCI) DICER1 Natural History Study were offered scrotal ultrasounds. These studies were examined by a single radiologist for abnormalities. In parallel, DICER1 variants from two large exome-sequenced TGCT cohorts were extracted. We used previously published AMG-AMP criteria to characterize rare DICER1 variants. RESULTS There was no observed difference in frequency of testicular cystic structures in DICER1-carriers versus controls. DICER1 variation was not associated with TGCT in the NCI DICER1-carriers. In 1,264 exome-sequenced men with TGCT, none harbored ClinVar- or InterVar-determined pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in DICER1. Three DICER1 variants of uncertain significance (one case and two controls) were predicted "damaging" based on a priori criteria. CONCLUSION Using two complementary approaches, we found no evidence of an association between pathogenic DICER1 variants and TGCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Vasta
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA; National Capital Consortium, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA; Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service
| | | | - Alexander Ling
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Anne K Harris
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann G Carr
- Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Louise C Pyle
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kris Ann Schultz
- International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Minnesota, International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry, Minneapolis, MN, USA; International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, Children's Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
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10
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Parry DM, McMaster ML, Liebsch NJ, Patronas NJ, Quezado MM, Zametkin D, Yang XR, Goldstein AM. Clinical findings in families with chordoma with and without T gene duplications and in patients with sporadic chordoma reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. J Neurosurg 2020; 134:1399-1408. [PMID: 32559743 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns193505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insight into the role of germline genetics in the development of chordoma, the authors evaluated data from 2 sets of patients with familial chordoma, those with and without a germline duplication of the T gene (T-dup+ vs T-dup-), which was previously identified as a susceptibility mechanism in some families. The authors then compared the patients with familial tumors to patients with sporadic chordoma in the US general population reported to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program through 2015. METHODS Evaluation of family members included review of personal and family medical history, physical and neurological examination, and pre- and postcontrast MRI of the skull base and spine. Sixteen patients from 6 white families with chordoma had a chordoma diagnosis at family referral. Screening MR images of 35 relatives revealed clival lesions in 6, 4 of which were excised and confirmed to be chordoma. Thus, data were available for 20 patients with histologically confirmed familial chordoma. There were 1759 patients with histologically confirmed chordoma in SEER whose race was known. RESULTS The median age at chordoma diagnosis differed across the groups: it was lowest in T-dup+ familial patients (26.8 years, range 5.3-68.4 years); intermediate in T-dup- patients (46.2 years, range 11.8-60.1 years); and highest in SEER patients (57 years, range 0-98 years). There was a marked preponderance of skull base tumors in patients with familial chordoma (93% in T-dup+ and 83% in T-dup-) versus 38% in the SEER program (37% in white, 53% in black, and 48.5% in Asian/Pacific Islander/American Indian/Alaska Native patients). Furthermore, 29% of white and 16%-17% of nonwhite SEER patients had mobile-spine chordoma, versus no patients in the familial group. Several T-dup+ familial chordoma patients had putative second/multiple primary chordomas. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of young age at diagnosis, skull base presentation, or multiple primary chordomas should encourage careful review of family history for patients diagnosed with chordoma as well as screening of at-risk family members by MRI for early detection of chordoma. Furthermore, given genetic predisposition in some patients with familial chordoma, identification of a specific mutation in a family will permit surveillance to be limited to mutation carriers-and consideration should be given for imaging the entire neuraxis in any chordoma patient presenting at an early age or with a blood relative with chordoma. Finally, future studies should explore racial differences in age at diagnosis and presenting site in chordoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilys M Parry
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda
| | - Mary L McMaster
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda.,2Commissioned Corps of the United States Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Norbert J Liebsch
- 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Martha M Quezado
- 5Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda; and
| | | | - Xiaohong R Yang
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda
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11
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Pemov A, Pathak A, Jones SJ, Dewan R, Merberg J, Karra S, Kim J, Arons E, Ravichandran S, Luke BT, Suman S, Yeager M, Dyer MJS, Lynch HT, Greene MH, Caporaso NE, Kreitman RJ, Goldin LR, Spinelli JJ, Brooks-Wilson A, McMaster ML, Stewart DR. In search of genetic factors predisposing to familial hairy cell leukemia (HCL): exome-sequencing of four multiplex HCL pedigrees. Leukemia 2020; 34:1934-1938. [PMID: 31992839 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pemov
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand Pathak
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha J Jones
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ramita Dewan
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Merberg
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sirisha Karra
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Immunotherapy Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian T Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shalabh Suman
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Martin J S Dyer
- The Ernest and Helen Scott Hematological Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Henry T Lynch
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Immunotherapy Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Clay-Gilmour AI, Rishi AR, Goldin LR, Greenberg-Worisek AJ, Achenbach SJ, Rabe KG, Maurer MJ, Kay NE, Shanafelt TD, Call TG, Brice Weinberg J, Camp NJ, Cerhan JR, Leis J, Norman A, Murray DL, Vincent Rajkumar S, Caporaso NE, Landgren O, McMaster ML, Slager SL, Vachon CM. Association of elevated serumfree light chains with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:59. [PMID: 31383849 PMCID: PMC6683199 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and its precursor, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), are heritable. Serumfree light-chain (sFLC) measures are a prognostic factor for CLL, but their role in susceptibility to CLL is not clear. We investigated differences between sFLC measurements in pre-treatment serum from five groups to inform the association of sFLC with familial and sporadic CLL: (1) familial CLL (n = 154), (2) sporadic CLL (n = 302), (3) familial MBL (n = 87), (4) unaffected first-degree relatives from CLL/MBL families (n = 263), and (5) reference population (n = 15,396). The percent of individuals having elevated monoclonal and polyclonal sFLCs was compared using age-stratified and age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression models. In age groups >50 years, monoclonal sFLC elevations were increased in sporadic and familial CLL cases compared to the reference population (p's < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in sFLC monoclonal or polyclonal elevations between familial and sporadic CLL cases (p's > 0.05). Unaffected relatives and MBL cases from CLL/MBL families, ages >60 years, showed elevated monoclonal sFLC, compared to the reference population (p's < 0.05). This is the first study to demonstrate monoclonal sFLC elevations in CLL cases compared to controls. Monoclonal sFLC levels may provide additional risk information in relatives of CLL probands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa I Clay-Gilmour
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abdul R Rishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mercy Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sara J Achenbach
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew J Maurer
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tait D Shanafelt
- Stanford University Medical Center, Department of Medicine/Hematology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Timothy G Call
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jose Leis
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aaron Norman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David L Murray
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Division of Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Celine M Vachon
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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McMaster ML, Sun C, Landi MT, Savage SA, Rotunno M, Yang XR, Jones K, Vogt A, Hutchinson A, Zhu B, Wang M, Hicks B, Thirunavukarason A, Stewart DR, Koutros S, Goldstein AM, Chanock SJ, Caporaso NE, Tucker MA, Goldin LR, Liu Y. Germline mutations in Protection of Telomeres 1 in two families with Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2019; 181:372-377. [PMID: 29693246 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In a previous whole exome sequencing of patients from 41 families with Hodgkin lymphoma, we identified two families with distinct heterozygous rare coding variants in POT1 (D224N and Y36H), both in a highly conserved region of the gene. POT1 D224N mutant did not bind to a single-stranded telomere oligonucleotide in vitro suggesting the mutation perturbs POT1's ability to bind to the telomeric G-rich overhang. Human HT1080 cells expressing POT1 D224N and lymphoblastoid cells carrying Y36H both showed increased telomere length and fragility in comparison to wild type cells. This strongly suggests that mutant POT1 causes chromosome instability and may play a role in lymphomagenesis in these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chongkui Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging/National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria T Landi
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aurélie Vogt
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand Thirunavukarason
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging/National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute; NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging/National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Kim J, Luo W, Wang M, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Frone MN, Johnston JJ, Nickerson ML, Rotunno M, Li SA, Achatz MI, Brodie SA, Dean M, de Andrade KC, Fortes FP, Gianferante M, Khincha P, McMaster ML, McReynolds LJ, Pemov A, Pinheiro M, Santiago KM, Alter BP, Caporaso NE, Gadalla SM, Goldin LR, Greene MH, Loud J, Yang XR, Freedman ND, Gapstur SM, Gaudet MM, Calista D, Ghiorzo P, Fargnoli MC, Nagore E, Peris K, Puig S, Landi MT, Hicks B, Zhu B, Liu J, Sampson JN, Chanock SJ, Mirabello LJ, Morton LM, Biesecker LG, Tucker MA, Savage SA, Goldstein AM, Stewart DR. Prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the 24 cancer genes of the ACMG Secondary Findings v2.0 list in a large cancer cohort and ethnicity-matched controls. Genome Med 2018; 10:99. [PMID: 30583724 PMCID: PMC6305568 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-018-0607-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior research has established that the prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants across all of the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) Secondary Findings (SF) genes is approximately 0.8–5%. We investigated the prevalence of P/LP variants in the 24 ACMG SF v2.0 cancer genes in a family-based cancer research cohort (n = 1173) and in cancer-free ethnicity-matched controls (n = 982). Methods We used InterVar to classify variants and subsequently conducted a manual review to further examine variants of unknown significance (VUS). Results In the 24 genes on the ACMG SF v2.0 list associated with a cancer phenotype, we observed 8 P/LP unique variants (8 individuals; 0.8%) in controls and 11 P/LP unique variants (14 individuals; 1.2%) in cases, a non-significant difference. We reviewed 115 VUS. The median estimated per-variant review time required was 30 min; the first variant within a gene took significantly (p = 0.0009) longer to review (median = 60 min) compared with subsequent variants (median = 30 min). The concordance rate was 83.3% for the variants examined by two reviewers. Conclusion The 115 VUS required database and literature review, a time- and labor-intensive process hampered by the difficulty in interpreting conflicting P/LP determinations. By rigorously investigating the 24 ACMG SF v2.0 cancer genes, our work establishes a benchmark P/LP variant prevalence rate in a familial cancer cohort and controls. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13073-018-0607-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kim
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Wen Luo
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Talia Wegman-Ostrosky
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,División de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Megan N Frone
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Jennifer J Johnston
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael L Nickerson
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Shengchao A Li
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Maria I Achatz
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,Centro de Oncologia, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, SP, 013050-050, Brazil
| | - Seth A Brodie
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD, 20877, USA
| | - Kelvin C de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Fortes
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Matthew Gianferante
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Payal Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Lisa J McReynolds
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Alexander Pemov
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Maisa Pinheiro
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Karina M Santiago
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.,International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Blanche P Alter
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Shahinaz M Gadalla
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Jennifer Loud
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mia M Gaudet
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donato Calista
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa and Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Eduardo Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ketty Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain & Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Integrative Tumor Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Office of the Director, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Lisa J Mirabello
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Leslie G Biesecker
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Human Genetics Program National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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15
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McMaster ML, Berndt SI, Zhang J, Slager SL, Li SA, Vajdic CM, Smedby KE, Yan H, Birmann BM, Brown EE, Smith A, Kleinstern G, Fansler MM, Mayr C, Zhu B, Chung CC, Park JH, Burdette L, Hicks BD, Hutchinson A, Teras LR, Adami HO, Bracci PM, McKay J, Monnereau A, Link BK, Vermeulen RCH, Ansell SM, Maria A, Diver WR, Melbye M, Ojesina AI, Kraft P, Boffetta P, Clavel J, Giovannucci E, Besson CM, Canzian F, Travis RC, Vineis P, Weiderpass E, Montalvan R, Wang Z, Yeager M, Becker N, Benavente Y, Brennan P, Foretova L, Maynadie M, Nieters A, de Sanjose S, Staines A, Conde L, Riby J, Glimelius B, Hjalgrim H, Pradhan N, Feldman AL, Novak AJ, Lawrence C, Bassig BA, Lan Q, Zheng T, North KE, Tinker LF, Cozen W, Severson RK, Hofmann JN, Zhang Y, Jackson RD, Morton LM, Purdue MP, Chatterjee N, Offit K, Cerhan JR, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Vijai J, Goldin LR, Skibola CF, Caporaso NE. Two high-risk susceptibility loci at 6p25.3 and 14q32.13 for Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4182. [PMID: 30305637 PMCID: PMC6180091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06541-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) is a rare, chronic B-cell lymphoma with high heritability. We conduct a two-stage genome-wide association study of WM/LPL in 530 unrelated cases and 4362 controls of European ancestry and identify two high-risk loci associated with WM/LPL at 6p25.3 (rs116446171, near EXOC2 and IRF4; OR = 21.14, 95% CI: 14.40-31.03, P = 1.36 × 10-54) and 14q32.13 (rs117410836, near TCL1; OR = 4.90, 95% CI: 3.45-6.96, P = 8.75 × 10-19). Both risk alleles are observed at a low frequency among controls (~2-3%) and occur in excess in affected cases within families. In silico data suggest that rs116446171 may have functional importance, and in functional studies, we demonstrate increased reporter transcription and proliferation in cells transduced with the 6p25.3 risk allele. Although further studies are needed to fully elucidate underlying biological mechanisms, together these loci explain 4% of the familial risk and provide insights into genetic susceptibility to this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA.
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Shengchao Alfred Li
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Claire M Vajdic
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Karin E Smedby
- Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
- Hematology Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Huihuang Yan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Alex Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Geffen Kleinstern
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Mervin M Fansler
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate College, New York, 10021, NY, USA
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Christine Mayr
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Charles C Chung
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Ju-Hyun Park
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurie Burdette
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Belynda D Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R Teras
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Institute of Health and Society, Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, NO-0316, Norway
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94118, CA, USA
| | - James McKay
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, F-94807, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
- Registry of Hematological Malignancies in Gironde, Institut Bergonié, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team EPICENE, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Brian K Link
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, 52242, IA, USA
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TD, The Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen M Ansell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Ann Maria
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - W Ryan Diver
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, 30303, GA, USA
| | - Mads Melbye
- Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, CA, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Clavel
- Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers Group, Inserm, Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Paris, F-94807, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Besson
- Service d'hématologie et Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, Inserm U1018, Centre pour la Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Villejuif, 78157, France
| | - Federico Canzian
- Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Human Genetics Foundation, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9019, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, 0379, Norway
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00250, Finland
| | | | - Zhaoming Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, 38105, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research, Frederick, 20877, MD, USA
| | - Nikolaus Becker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Yolanda Benavente
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 69372, France
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU, Brno, 65653, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Maynadie
- EA 4184, Registre des Hémopathies Malignes de Côte d'Or, University of Burgundy and Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, 21070, France
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Silvia de Sanjose
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, 9, Ireland
| | - Lucia Conde
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jacques Riby
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35233, AL, USA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, 94720, CA, USA
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75105, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjalgrim
- Division of Health Surveillance and Research, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Nisha Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Andrew L Feldman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Anne J Novak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | | | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Tongzhang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, 02903, RI, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, 98117, WA, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Richard K Severson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48201, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Yawei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Ontario Health Study, Toronto, M5S 1C6, ON, Canada
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, 10065, NY, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
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16
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Zhou W, Goldin L, Wang M, McMaster ML, Jones K, Burdett L, Chanock SJ, Yeager M, Dean M, Caporaso NE. Combined somatic mutation and copy number analysis in the survival of familial CLL. Br J Haematol 2018; 181:604-613. [PMID: 29687880 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent large-scale somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs), and somatic point mutations can be analysed to stratify patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) into distinct prognostic groups. To investigate the relationship between SCNAs and somatic mutations, we performed whole-exome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analyses on 98 CLL patients from 40 families with a high burden of CLL. Overall, 69 somatic mutations in 29 CLL driver genes were detected among 45 subjects (46%), with the most frequently mutated genes being TP53 (8·2%), NOTCH1 (8·2%) and ATM (5·1%). Additionally, 142 SCNAs from 54 subjects (57%) were detected, including losses of chromosome 13q14 (28·9%), 11q (5·6%), 17p (2·1%), and gain of chromosome 12 (4·2%). We found that patients having both an adverse point mutation in a CLL driver gene and an unfavourable SCNA tended to have poorer survival (Hazard ratio [HR] = 3·17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0·97-10·35; P = 0·056) than patients having either a point mutation (HR = 1·34, 95%CI = 0·66-2·71; P = 0·42) or SCNAs (HR = 2·65, 95%CI = 0·77-9·13; P = 0·12). TP53 mutation carriers were associated with the poorest overall survival (HR = 4·39, 95%CI = 1·28-15·04; P = 0·018). Our study suggests that combining SCNA and mutational data could contribute to predicting outcome in familial CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Zhou
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Lynn Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Kristine Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
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17
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McMaster ML, Berndt SI, Li SA, Slager S, Vijai J, Chung CC, Zhu B, Burdette L, Birmann B, Brown EE, Cerhan JR, Ekstrom-Smedby K, Hjalgrim H, Kleinstern G, Link BK, McKay J, Monnereau A, Morton LM, Nieters A, Rothman N, Skibola CF, Smith A, Teras LR, Vajdic CM, Vermeulen R, Hicks B, Goldin LR, Caporaso NE. Abstract 1318: A genome-wide association study of Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma demonstrates association with chromosome 6. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a unique subset of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) that is defined by the presence of an LPL infiltrate in the bone marrow together with a monoclonal IgM protein in the serum. A somatic activating mutation, MYD88 L265P, occurs in 85+% of WM and in 25%-50% of patients with the precursor condition, IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS); however, germline MYD88 mutations have not been observed in WM patients, and the genetic basis for WM predisposition remains undefined. To identify novel WM susceptibility loci we conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) in over 450 WM cases and 4300 controls of European ancestry. Discovery (stage 1) included 217 WM cases (40% familial) and 3798 controls genotyped on the Illumina Omni Express or Illumina Omni2.5 platforms following standard quality control procedures. The genotyped data were imputed using the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel as a reference and analyzed using logistic regression. In stage 1, we identified three loci on chromosomes 6, 14 and 3 significantly associated (P<5.0x10-8) with risk of WM. Eleven promising SNPs in these and other suggestive loci (P<5.0x10-7) were selected for replication (stage 2) in 269 WM or LPL cases (4% familial) and 571 controls, and genotyping was conducted using standard methods on Taqman and Sequenom platforms or Sanger sequencing (1 SNP). Preliminary results confirm replication of the chromosome 6 locus. Stratification on familial status will illuminate the contribution of familial disease. These results will provide insight into the underlying genetic basis of WM susceptibility.
Citation Format: Mary L. McMaster, Sonja I. Berndt, Shengchao A. Li, Susan Slager, Joseph Vijai, Charles C. Chung, Bin Zhu, Laurie Burdette, Brenda Birmann, Elizabeth E. Brown, James R. Cerhan, Karin Ekstrom-Smedby, Henrik Hjalgrim, Geffen Kleinstern, Brian K. Link, James McKay, Alain Monnereau, Lindsay M. Morton, Alexandra Nieters, Nathaniel Rothman, Christine F. Skibola, Alex Smith, Lauren R. Teras, Claire M. Vajdic, Roel Vermeulen, Belynda Hicks, Lynn R. Goldin, Neil E. Caporaso. A genome-wide association study of Waldenström macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma demonstrates association with chromosome 6 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1318. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1318
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Vijai
- 3Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Brenda Birmann
- 4Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James McKay
- 9International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alain Monnereau
- 10Center of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex Smith
- 13University of York, York, United Kingdom
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18
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Rotunno M, McMaster ML, Boland J, Bass S, Zhang X, Burdett L, Hicks B, Ravichandran S, Luke BT, Yeager M, Fontaine L, Hyland PL, Goldstein AM, Chanock SJ, Caporaso NE, Tucker MA, Goldin LR. Whole exome sequencing in families at high risk for Hodgkin lymphoma: identification of a predisposing mutation in the KDR gene. Haematologica 2016; 101:853-60. [PMID: 27365461 PMCID: PMC5004465 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.135475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma shows strong familial aggregation but no major susceptibility genes have been identified to date. The goal of this study was to identify high-penetrance variants using whole exome sequencing in 17 Hodgkin lymphoma prone families with three or more affected cases or obligate carriers (69 individuals), followed by targeted sequencing in an additional 48 smaller HL families (80 individuals). Alignment and variant calling were performed using standard methods. Dominantly segregating, rare, coding or potentially functional variants were further prioritized based on predicted deleteriousness, conservation, and potential importance in lymphoid malignancy pathways. We selected 23 genes for targeted sequencing. Only the p.A1065T variant in KDR (kinase insert domain receptor) also known as VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) was replicated in two independent Hodgkin lymphoma families. KDR is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase, the main mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor induced proliferation, survival, and migration. Its activity is associated with several diseases including lymphoma. Functional experiments have shown that p.A1065T, located in the activation loop, can promote constitutive autophosphorylation on tyrosine in the absence of vascular endothelial growth factor and that the kinase activity was abrogated after exposure to kinase inhibitors. A few other promising mutations were identified but appear to be "private". In conclusion, in the largest sequenced cohort of Hodgkin lymphoma families to date, we identified a causal mutation in the KDR gene. While independent validation is needed, this mutation may increase downstream tumor cell proliferation activity and might be a candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rotunno
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Boland
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Bass
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian T Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc.; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paula L Hyland
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Pathak A, Seipel K, Pemov A, Dewan R, Brown C, Ravichandran S, Luke BT, Malasky M, Suman S, Yeager M, Gatti RA, Caporaso NE, Mulvihill JJ, Goldin LR, Pabst T, McMaster ML, Stewart DR. Whole exome sequencing reveals a C-terminal germline variant in CEBPA-associated acute myeloid leukemia: 45-year follow up of a large family. Haematologica 2016; 101:846-52. [PMID: 26721895 PMCID: PMC5004464 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.130799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial acute myeloid leukemia is rare and linked to germline mutations in RUNX1, GATA2 or CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (CEBPA). We re-evaluated a large family with acute myeloid leukemia originally seen at NIH in 1969. We used whole exome sequencing to study this family, and conducted in silico bioinformatics analysis, protein structural modeling and laboratory experiments to assess the impact of the identified CEBPA Q311P mutation. Unlike most previously identified germline mutations in CEBPA, which were N-terminal frameshift mutations, we identified a novel Q311P variant that was located in the C-terminal bZip domain of C/EBPα. Protein structural modeling suggested that the Q311P mutation alters the ability of the CEBPA dimer to bind DNA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the Q311P mu-tant had attenuated binding to DNA, as predicted by the protein modeling. Consistent with these findings, we found that the Q311P mutation has reduced transactivation, consistent with a loss-of-function mutation. From 45 years of follow up, we observed incomplete penetrance (46%) of CEBPA Q311P. This study of a large multi-generational pedigree reveals that a germline mutation in the C-terminal bZip domain can alter the ability of C/EBP-α to bind DNA and reduces transactivation, leading to acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pathak
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katja Seipel
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Pemov
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramita Dewan
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian T Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Malasky
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Shalabh Suman
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Gatti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John J Mulvihill
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, The University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, OK, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Berne, Switzerland
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Vajdic CM, Landgren O, McMaster ML, Slager SL, Brooks-Wilson A, Smith A, Staines A, Dogan A, Ansell SM, Sampson JN, Morton LM, Linet MS. Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2015; 2014:87-97. [PMID: 25174029 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM), a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype, shows strong familial aggregation and a positive association with chronic immune stimulation, but evidence regarding other risk factors is very limited. METHODS The International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph) pooled data from 11 predominantly population-based case-control studies from North America, Europe, and Australia to examine medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for LPL/WM. Age-, sex-, race/ethnicity-, and study-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression for a total of 374 LPL/WM cases and 23 096 controls. RESULTS In multivariate analysis including all putative risk factors, LPL/WM risk was associated with history of Sjögren's syndrome (OR = 14.0, 95% CI = 3.60 to 54.6), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 8.23, 95% CI = 2.69 to 25.2), hay fever (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.99), positive hepatitis C serology (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.03 to 6.17), hematologic malignancy in a first-degree relative (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.64), adult weight (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44 to 0.85 for highest vs. lowest quartile), duration of cigarette smoking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.05 for ≥ 40 years vs. nonsmokers), and occupation as a medical doctor (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 2.19 to 14.0). There was no association with other medical conditions, lifestyle factors, or occupations. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis confirmed associations with immune conditions and family history of hematologic malignancy, and identified new associations with hay fever, weight, smoking, and occupation, and no association with other lifestyle factors. These findings offer clues to LPL/WM biology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Vajdic
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD).
| | - Ola Landgren
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Susan L Slager
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Alex Smith
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Anthony Staines
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Stephen M Ansell
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Lindsay M Morton
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
| | - Martha S Linet
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (CMV); Multiple Myeloma Section, Metabolism Branch (OL) and Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (MLM, JNS, LMM, MSL), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences Research, College of Medicine (SLS) and Division of Hematology (SMA), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (AB-W); Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada (ABW); Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK (ASm); School of Nursing and Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Leinster, Ireland (ASt); Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY (AD)
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Pathak A, Pemov A, McMaster ML, Dewan R, Ravichandran S, Pak E, Dutra A, Lee HJ, Vogt A, Zhang X, Yeager M, Anderson S, Kirby M, Caporaso N, Greene MH, Goldin LR, Stewart DR. Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia due to a germline CBL Y371C mutation: 35-year follow-up of a large family. Hum Genet 2015; 134:775-87. [PMID: 25939664 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a pediatric myeloproliferative neoplasm that arises from malignant transformation of the stem cell compartment and results in increased production of myeloid cells. Somatic and germline variants in CBL (Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene) have been associated with JMML. We report an incompletely penetrant CBL Y371C mutation discovered by whole-exome sequencing in three individuals with JMML in a large pedigree with 35 years of follow-up. The Y371 residue is highly evolutionarily conserved among CBL orthologs and paralogs. In silico bioinformatics prediction programs suggested that the Y371C mutation is highly deleterious. Protein structural modeling revealed that the Y371C mutation abrogated the ability of the CBL protein to adopt a conformation that is required for ubiquitination. Clinically, the three mutation-positive JMML individuals exhibited variable clinical courses; in two out of three, primary hematologic abnormalities persisted into adulthood with minimal clinical symptoms. The penetrance of the CBL Y371C mutation was 30% for JMML and 40% for all leukemia. Of the 8 mutation carriers in the family with available photographs, only one had significant dysmorphic features; we found no evidence of a clinical phenotype consistent with a "CBL syndrome". Although CBL Y371C has been previously reported in familial JMML, we are the first group to follow a complete pedigree harboring this mutation for an extended period, revealing additional information about this variant's penetrance, function and natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Pathak
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Clinical Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive Rm 6E450, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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22
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McMaster ML, Heimdal KR, Loud JT, Bracci JS, Rosenberg PS, Greene MH. Nontesticular cancers in relatives of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients from multiple-case TGCT families. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1069-78. [PMID: 25882629 PMCID: PMC4529345 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) exhibit striking familial aggregation that remains incompletely explained. To improve the phenotypic definition of familial TGCT (FTGCT), we studied an international cohort of multiple-case TGCT families to determine whether first-degree relatives of FTGCT cases are at increased risk of other types of cancer. We identified 1041 first-degree relatives of TGCT cases in 66 multiple-case TGCT families from Norway and 64 from the United States (combined follow-up of 31,556 person-years). We collected data on all cancers (except nonmelanoma skin cancers) reported by the family informant in these relatives, and we attempted to verify all reported cancer diagnoses through medical or cancer registry records. We calculated observed-to-expected (O/E) standardized incidence ratios, together with 95% confidence intervals (CI), for invasive cancers other than TGCT. We found no increase in risk of cancer overall (Norway O/E = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.6–1.1 and United States O/E = 0.9; 95% CI: 0.7–1.3). Site-specific analyses pooled across the two countries revealed a leukemia excess (O/E = 6.5; 95% CI: 3.0–12.3), deficit of female breast cancer (O/E = 0.0; 95% CI: 0.0–0.6) and increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma (O/E = 7.2; 95% CI: 2.0–18.4); in all instances, these results were based on small case numbers and statistically significant only in Norway. While limited by sample size and potential issues relating to completeness of cancer reporting, this study in multiple-case TGCT families does not support the hypothesis that cancers other than testis cancer contribute to the FTGCT phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-9769.,Commissioned Corps of the U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ketil R Heimdal
- Section for Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer T Loud
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-9769
| | | | - Philip S Rosenberg
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-9769
| | - Mark H Greene
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-9769
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Greene MH, Mai PL, Loud JT, Pathak A, Peters JA, Mirabello L, McMaster ML, Rosenberg P, Stewart DR. Familial testicular germ cell tumors (FTGCT) - overview of a multidisciplinary etiologic study. Andrology 2014; 3:47-58. [PMID: 25303766 DOI: 10.1111/andr.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This Review summarizes the cumulative results of the National Cancer Institute Clinical Genetics Branch Multidisciplinary Etiologic Study of Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (FTGCT). Initiated 12 years ago, this protocol enrolled 724 subjects from 147 unrelated families with either ≥2 affected men (n = 90) with TGCT or a proband with bilateral TGCT and a negative family history for this cancer (n = 57). Data were collected directly from 162 subjects evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center, and 562 subjects provided information from their home communities (Field Cohort). The primary study aims included (i) ascertaining, enrolling eligible FTGCT kindred, (ii) characterizing the clinical phenotype of multiple-case families, (iii) identifying the underlying genetic mechanism for TGCT susceptibility in families, (iv) evaluating counseling, psychosocial, and behavioral issues resulting from membership in an FTGCT family, and (v) creating an annotated biospecimen repository to permit subsequent translational research studies. Noteworthy findings include (i) documenting the epidemiologic similarities between familial and sporadic TGCT, (ii) demonstrating significantly younger age-at-diagnosis for familial vs. sporadic TGCT, (iii) absence of a dysmorphic phenotype in affected family members, (iv) shifting the focus of gene discovery from a search for rare, highly penetrant susceptibility variants to the hypothesis that multiple, more common, lower penetrance genes underlie TGCT genetic risk, (v) implicating testicular microlithiasis in FTGCT risk, and (vi) observing that aberrant methylation may contribute to FTGCT risk. A clinically based, biospecimen-intensive, multidisciplinary research strategy has provided novel, valuable insights into the etiology of FTGCT, and created a research resource which will support FTGCT clinical and laboratory studies for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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24
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McMaster ML, Goldin LR, Rotunno M, He J, Burdette L, Hutchinson A, Boland J, Yeager M, Tucker MA, Chanock SJ, Caporaso NE. Abstract 1300: Exploration of rare variants from exome sequencing in families with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In spite of progress in the identification of the somatic events associated with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), the genetic determinants of WM susceptibility have not been identified. We have conducted exome sequencing in 32 individuals from 9 well-characterized families at high risk for WM. We sequenced 3 or more patients or obligate carriers from each family. We used Nimblegen v2.0 and v3.0 for exome capture followed by sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq2000. Among quality control measures, we required 80% of coding sequences to achieve 15x coverage. To eliminate other possible sequencing artifacts, variants found in more than 1% of samples sequenced in our laboratory from other studies were excluded. Novoalign v.2.07.14 was used for alignment and GATK was used for local re-alignment and variant calling. A large number of rare (<1% frequency in European populations) non-synonymous variants were shared among patients in each family. To prioritize variants for further validation and follow-up, we first searched for variants shared in more than one family; variants in highly conserved regions; those predicted to be damaging by one or more in silico functional models; and variants in genes known to be related to B-cell function and/or disease. We used Ingenuity Variant Analysis to facilitate annotation. We then applied a semi-quantitative scoring algorithm based on these variables to prioritize genes for further evaluation. Although no single gene met all criteria when analyzed across families using this method, we are currently conducting targeted sequencing of 17 highest-scoring genes in an additional 2 WM patients and 92 relatives from these families and 272 other subjects (95 familial WM, 28 nonfamilial WM and 149 informative relatives). Susceptibility gene discovery in this complex disease remains challenging.
Citation Format: Mary L. McMaster, Lynn R. Goldin, Melissa Rotunno, Ji He, Laurie Burdette, Amy Hutchinson, Joseph Boland, Meredith Yeager, Margaret A. Tucker, Stephen J. Chanock, Neil E. Caporaso. Exploration of rare variants from exome sequencing in families with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1300. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1300
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25
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Shi J, Yang XR, Ballew B, Rotunno M, Calista D, Fargnoli MC, Ghiorzo P, Bressac-de Paillerets B, Nagore E, Avril MF, Caporaso NE, McMaster ML, Cullen M, Wang Z, Zhang X, Bruno W, Pastorino L, Queirolo P, Banuls-Roca J, Garcia-Casado Z, Vaysse A, Mohamdi H, Riazalhosseini Y, Foglio M, Jouenne F, Hua X, Hyland PL, Yin J, Vallabhaneni H, Chai W, Minghetti P, Pellegrini C, Ravichandran S, Eggermont A, Lathrop M, Peris K, Scarra GB, Landi G, Savage SA, Sampson JN, He J, Yeager M, Goldin LR, Demenais F, Chanock SJ, Tucker MA, Goldstein AM, Liu Y, Landi MT. Rare missense variants in POT1 predispose to familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Nat Genet 2014; 46:482-6. [PMID: 24686846 PMCID: PMC4056593 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although CDKN2A is the most frequent high-risk melanoma susceptibility gene, the underlying genetic factors for most melanoma-prone families remain unknown. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified a rare variant that arose as a founder mutation in the telomere shelterin gene POT1 (chromosome 7, g.124493086C>T; p.Ser270Asn) in five unrelated melanoma-prone families from Romagna, Italy. Carriers of this variant had increased telomere lengths and numbers of fragile telomeres, suggesting that this variant perturbs telomere maintenance. Two additional rare POT1 variants were identified in all cases sequenced in two separate Italian families, one variant per family, yielding a frequency for POT1 variants comparable to that for CDKN2A mutations in this population. These variants were not found in public databases or in 2,038 genotyped Italian controls. We also identified two rare recurrent POT1 variants in US and French familial melanoma cases. Our findings suggest that POT1 is a major susceptibility gene for familial melanoma in several populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Shi
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Xiaohong R Yang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
| | - Bari Ballew
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Melissa Rotunno
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donato Calista
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Paola Ghiorzo
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [2] Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Eduardo Nagore
- 1] Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain. [2] Department of Dermatology, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marie Francoise Avril
- Université Paris Descartes, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary L McMaster
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Cullen
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xijun Zhang
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - William Bruno
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [2] Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. [2] Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Genetics of Rare Hereditary Cancers, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Martino-IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jose Banuls-Roca
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zaida Garcia-Casado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- 1] INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France. [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Hamida Mohamdi
- 1] INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France. [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- 1] McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula L Hyland
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinhu Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Haritha Vallabhaneni
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weihang Chai
- Section of Medical Sciences, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Paola Minghetti
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Cristina Pellegrini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sarangan Ravichandran
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Simulation, Analysis and Mathematical Modeling Group, Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander Eggermont
- 1] Service de Génétique, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [2] Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre France, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- 1] McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [2] Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. [3] Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), Paris, France
| | - Ketty Peris
- Department of Dermatology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Landi
- Department of Dermatology, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - Sharon A Savage
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ji He
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florence Demenais
- 1] INSERM, UMR 946, Genetic Variation and Human Diseases Unit, Paris, France. [2] Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yie Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- 1] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2]
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Mueller CM, Korde LA, McMaster ML, Peters JA, Bratslavsky G, Watkins RJ, Ling A, Kratz CP, Wulfsberg EA, Rosenberg PS, Greene MH. Familial testicular germ cell tumor: no associated syndromic pattern identified. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2014; 12:3. [PMID: 24559313 PMCID: PMC3937045 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common malignancy in young men. Familial clustering, epidemiologic evidence of increased risk with family or personal history, and the association of TGCT with genitourinary (GU) tract anomalies have suggested an underlying genetic predisposition. Linkage data have not identified a rare, highly-penetrant, single gene in familial TGCT (FTGCT) cases. Based on its association with congenital GU tract anomalies and suggestions that there is an intrauterine origin to TGCT, we hypothesized the existence of unrecognized dysmorphic features in FTGCT. Methods We evaluated 38 FTGCT individuals and 41 first-degree relatives from 22 multiple-case families with detailed dysmorphology examinations, physician-based medical history and physical examination, laboratory testing, and genitourinary imaging studies. Results The prevalence of major abnormalities and minor variants did not significantly differ between either FTGCT individuals or their first-degree relatives when compared with normal population controls, except for tall stature, macrocephaly, flat midface, and retro-/micrognathia. However, these four traits were not manifest as a constellation of features in any one individual or family. We did detect an excess prevalence of the genitourinary anomalies cryptorchidism and congenital inguinal hernia in our population, as previously described in sporadic TGCT, but no congenital renal, retroperitoneal or mediastinal anomalies were detected. Conclusions Overall, our study did not identify a constellation of dysmorphic features in FTGCT individuals, which is consistent with results of genetic studies suggesting that multiple low-penetrance genes are likely responsible for FTGCT susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Abstract
We review monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) as a precursor to chronic lymphocytic leukemia and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) as a precursor to plasma cell disorders. These conditions are present in the general population and increase with age. These precursors aggregate with lymphoproliferative malignancies in families suggesting shared inheritance. MBL and MGUS may share some of the same risk factors as their related malignancies but data are limited. Although these conditions are characterized by enhanced risk for the associated malignancy, the majority of individuals with these conditions do not progress to malignancy. A key focus for current work is to identify markers that predict progression to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, 6120 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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McMaster ML, Heimdal KR, Greene MH. Abstract 2644: No evidence for increased risk of cancers other than testicular cancer among first-degree relatives of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) patients from multiple-case TGCT families. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-2644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Familial aggregation of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) has been reported, but it is unclear whether other cancers co-aggregate in multiple-case TGCT families. METHODS: We performed an observed-to-expected (O/E) analysis in a cohort of TGCT families with documented family cancer history assembled in Norway and the U.S. All bloodline first-degree relatives of TGCT cases were eligible. Relatives with missing vital status, gender, or dates of birth and/or death were excluded. We used population-based, age-adjusted cancer incidence rates from Norway and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute, respectively, to calculate expected numbers of cancer cases. Only non-TGCT cancers were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 130 TGCT families with 84 reported cancers and 31,556 person-years at risk were included in the analysis. Overall, there was no excess cancer risk, all non-TGCT sites combined, observed among first-degree relatives of TGCT cases (O/E = 0.89; 95%CI 0.71 - 1.10), either collectively or stratified by center. Although numbers were small, site-specific increased risks were observed for soft tissue cancers (n=4; O/E=7.14; 95%CI 1.95 - 18.29) and leukemia (n=9; O/E=6.48; 95%CI 2.96 - 12.29), and site-specific decreased risk was observed for breast cancer (n=6; O/E=0.44; 95%CI 0.16 - 0.95). These risks were statistically significant overall and in Norway, but not in the U.S. CONCLUSION: In this, the largest study of site-specific cancer risk within multiple-case TGCT families yet performed, we found no excess risk of non-TGCT cancers overall among first-degree relatives of TGCT cases. There was limited evidence supporting altered site-specific risks for soft tissue cancer, leukemia and breast cancer; however, cancer numbers were small, and the results were not consistent between centers, suggesting that differences in cancer reporting among families, case validation methods, or other factors, rather than an etiologic association, explain these findings. Familial testicular cancer appears to be a site-specific syndrome.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2644. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2644
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McMaster ML, Goldstein AM, Parry DM. Clinical features distinguish childhood chordoma associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) from chordoma in the general paediatric population. J Med Genet 2011; 48:444-9. [PMID: 21266383 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2010.085092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordoma, an age-dependent rare cancer, arises from notochordal remnants. Fewer than 5% of chordomas occur in children. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by abnormal tissue growths in multiple organ systems. Reports of chordoma in children with TSC suggest that TSC1 and TSC2 mutations may contribute to chordoma aetiology. METHODS To determine whether the 10 TSC-associated childhood chordomas reported in the literature are representative of chordoma in the general paediatric population, the authors compared age at diagnosis, primary site and outcome in them with results from a systematic assessment of 65 paediatric chordoma cases reported to the US population-based cancer registries contributing to the SEER Program of the National Cancer Institute. RESULTS TSC-associated paediatric chordomas differed from chordomas in the general paediatric population: median age at diagnosis (6.2 months, TSC, vs 12.5 years, SEER); anatomical site (40% sacral, TSC, vs 9.4% sacral, SEER); and site-specific age at diagnosis (all four sacral chordomas diagnosed during the fetal or neonatal period, TSC, vs all six sacral chordomas diagnosed at >15 years, SEER). Finally, three of four patients with TSC-associated sacral chordoma were alive and tumour-free at 2.2, 8 and 19 years after diagnosis versus a median survival of 36 months among paediatric patients with sacral chordoma in SEER. CONCLUSIONS These results strengthen the association between paediatric chordoma and TSC. Future clinical and molecular studies documenting the magnitude and clinical spectrum of the joint occurrence of these two diseases should provide the basis for delineating the biological relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Human Genetics Program, Division of Cancer Epidemiologyand Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are related B-cell cancers that share several clinical and biological features. Both WM and CLL have associated precursor conditions: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) of immunoglobulin M (IgM) type and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), respectively. Recently, a case of MBL with an IgM MGUS was reported, suggesting a close biological relationship between these entities. While much is known about MGUS overall, investigations of IgM MGUS specifically have been fragmentary. METHODS In this article, we review data on the prevalence, clinical aspects and natural history of IgM MGUS, and focus on identifying gaps in our understanding of the complex relationships among B-cell malignancies and their precursors. RESULTS There appears to be marked heterogeneity in the prevalence of IgM MGUS across populations. However, studies have varied in definition, design, laboratory methods, and endpoints. IgM MGUS differs from non-IgM MGUS in certain respects, including prevalence across racial groups, rate of progression, and pattern of malignant outcomes. There are limited data regarding the coincident occurrence of IgM MGUS and MBL. CONCLUSIONS Future studies incorporating both protein electrophoresis and flow cytometry are needed to define the underlying spectrum and causes of precursor development, risk factors for progression, and markers that distinguish low- and high-risk precursor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7236, USA.
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McMaster ML, Rosenberg P. Abstract 1814: Waldenström macroglobulinemia and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma: incidence and demographic patterns in the United States, 1988 – 2006. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a clinicopathological syndrome that typically presents with bone marrow involvement by a lymphoproliferative process that produces monoclonal IgM. WM shares clinicopathological features with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) and has been characterized as a bone marrow-based subset of LPL to define specific patient populations for inclusion in clinical trials. However, previous epidemiologic studies of WM did not include LPL, and the extent to which the two disorders overlap is unknown. Methods: We estimated age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) of WM and LPL in the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program in the United States to analyze patterns of WM and LPL separately and jointly by age, gender, and race. We applied generalized linear regression models to test for interaction between the age-specific curves for each disorder. Results: Overall standardized IRs were 3.22 per 1 000 000 person-years for WM (n = 2 230) and 2.21 for extra-medullary LPL (EM-LPL; n = 1 547) during 1988 – 2006. Incidence of WM/LPL combined was 65% higher among males compared to females, and the male: female IR ratio was significantly higher for WM (2.20) than for EM-LPL (1.50). WM/LPL IRs were 40% lower among blacks compared to whites; this difference was due to a black: white IR ratio that was significantly decreased for WM (0.39), but not for EM-LPL (0.94). Racial differences could not be explained solely by covariates reflecting differential access to care. WM and EM-LPL had significantly different age-at-onset curves after adjusting for period effects, and IRs increased with age in both disorders. Conclusions: Epidemiological patterns for WM and EM-LPL appear to suggest disease heterogeneity. Future studies should include assessment of disease classification in reporting to cancer registries; exploration of race, gender, and age effects, with application of additional area-level measures associated with access to care, in epidemiological studies; and clinical and genetic studies to identify unique pathobiological determinants underlying each disease.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1814.
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Abstract
We present monozygotic twins discordant for the autosomal dominant disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The affected twin was diagnosed with NF1 at age 12, based upon accepted clinical criteria for the disorder. Both twins were re-examined at ages 35 and 57, at which times the unaffected twin continued to show no clinical manifestations of NF1. Short tandem repeat marker (STR) genotyping at 10 loci on chromosome 17 and 10 additional loci dispersed across the genome revealed identical genotypes for the twins, confirming their monozygosity. The affected twin has three children, two of whom also have NF1, while the unaffected twin has two children, both unaffected. Using lymphoblastoid, fibroblast, and buccal cell samples collected from both twins and from other family members in three generations, we discovered a pathogenic nonsense mutation in exon 40 of the NF1 gene. This mutation was found in all cell samples from the affected twin and her affected daughter, and in lymphoblastoid and buccal cells but not fibroblasts from the unaffected twin. We also found a novel non-synonymous change in exon 16 of the NF1 gene that was transmitted from the unaffected mother to both twins and co-segregated with the pathogenic mutation in the ensuing generation. All cells from the twins were heterozygous for this apparent exon 16 polymorphism and for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 2.5 kb flanking the site of the exon 40 nonsense mutation. This suggests that the NF1 gene of the unaffected twin differed in the respective lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts only at the mutation site itself, making post-zygotic mutation leading to mosaicism the most likely mechanism of phenotypic discordance. Although the unaffected twin is a mosaic, the distribution of the mutant allele among different cells and tissues appears to be insufficient to cause overt clinical manifestations of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kaplan
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Kristinsson SY, Koshiol J, Björkholm M, Goldin LR, McMaster ML, Turesson I, Landgren O. Immune-related and inflammatory conditions and risk of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010; 102:557-67. [PMID: 20181958 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djq043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic immune stimulation appears to be associated with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL)-Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM); however, available information is sparse. We conducted, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive study to date to evaluate associations between a personal or family history of many immune-related and/or inflammatory disorders and the subsequent risk of LPL-WM. METHODS We used Swedish population-based registries to identify 2470 case patients with LPL-WM, 9698 matched control subjects, and almost 30 000 first-degree relatives of either case patients or control subjects. We evaluated a wide range of autoimmune, infectious, allergic, and inflammatory conditions. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each condition by use of logistic regression. RESULTS An increased risk of LPL-WM was associated with a personal history of the following autoimmune diseases: systemic sclerosis (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.4 to 15.3), Sjögren syndrome (OR = 12.1, 95% CI = 3.3 to 45.0), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (OR = 24.2, 95% CI = 5.4 to 108.2), polymyalgia rheumatica (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.6 to 5.2), and giant cell arteritis (OR = 8.3, 95% CI = 2.1 to 33.1). An increased risk of LPL-WM was associated with a personal history of the following infectious diseases: pneumonia (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1 to 1.7), septicemia (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2 to 4.3), pyelonephritis (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.5), sinusitis (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.4 to 4.9), herpes zoster (OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 2.0 to 5.6), and influenza (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.7 to 5.0). An increased risk of LPL-WM was associated with a family history of the following autoimmune or infectious diseases: Sjögren syndrome (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 2.1 to 12.0), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.1 to 13.2), Guillain-Barré syndrome (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.8 to 9.4), cytomegalovirus (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.4 to 5.3), gingivitis and periodontitis (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3 to 2.7), and chronic prostatitis (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.7 to 11.1). CONCLUSIONS Personal history of certain immune-related and/or infectious conditions was strongly associated with increased risk of LPL-WM. The association of both personal and family history of Sjögren syndrome and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with risk of LPL-WM indicates the potential for shared susceptibility for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurdur Y Kristinsson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Morrill PL, Sleep BE, Seepersad DJ, McMaster ML, Hood ED, LeBron C, Major DW, Edwards EA, Lollar BS. Variations in expression of carbon isotope fractionation of chlorinated ethenes during biologically enhanced PCE dissolution close to a source zone. J Contam Hydrol 2009; 110:60-71. [PMID: 19818530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The stable carbon isotope values of tetrachloroethene (PCE) and its degradation products were monitored during studies of biologically enhanced dissolution of PCE dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) to determine the effect of PCE dissolution on observed isotope values. The degradation of PCE was monitored in a 2-dimensional model aquifer and in a pilot test cell (PTC) at Dover Air Force Base, both with emplaced PCE DNAPL sources. Within the plume down gradient from the source, the isotopic fractionation of dissolved PCE and its degradation products were consistent with those observed in biodegradation laboratory studies. However, close to the source zone significant shifts in the isotope values of dissolved PCE were not observed in either the model aquifer or PTC due to the constant input of newly dissolved, non fractionated PCE, and the small isotopic fractionation associated with PCE reductive dechlorination by the mixed microbial culture used. Therefore the identification of reductive dechlorination in the presence of PCE DNAPL was based upon the appearance of daughter products and the isotope values of those daughter products. An isotope model was developed to simulate isotope values of PCE during the dissolution and degradation of PCE adjacent to a DNAPL source zone. With the exception of very high degradation rate constants (>1/day) stable carbon isotope values of PCE estimated by the model remained within error of the isotope value of the PCE DNAPL, consistent with measured isotope values in the model aquifer and in the PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Morrill
- Department of Geology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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McMaster ML, Kristinsson SY, Turesson I, Björkholm M, Landgren O. Novel aspects pertaining to the relationship of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, polyclonal gammopathy, and hypoglobulinemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 9:19-22. [PMID: 19362963 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2009.n.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is associated with a precursor condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) of immunoglobulin-M (IgM) type. The etiology of these conditions is unknown. Recent studies at the population level have provided new data regarding familial aggregation of these disorders and other B-cell malignancies. Studies of familial clusters of WM have demonstrated an increased frequency of IgM MGUS compared with the general population and have provided new data suggesting that the phenotypic spectrum might also include polyclonal gammopathy and hypoglobulinemia. While the preponderance of immunoglobulin abnormalities in relatives of WM cases involves IgM, other immunoglobulin types (IgG and IgA) might also be affected. Large collaborative studies are needed to confirm these findings, which present an opportunity to define the earliest lesion(s) in the WM oncogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Bradford PT, Goldstein AM, McMaster ML, Tucker MA. Acral lentiginous melanoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1986-2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 145:427-34. [PMID: 19380664 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2008.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine incidence and survival patterns of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in the United States. DESIGN Population-based registry study. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute to evaluate data from 17 population-based cancer registries from 1986 to 2005. PARTICIPANTS A total 1413 subjects with histologically confirmed cases of ALM. Main Outcome Measure Incidence and survival patterns of patients with ALM. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence rate of ALM overall was 1.8 per million person-years. The proportion of ALM among all melanoma subtypes was greatest in blacks (36%). Acral lentiginous melanoma had 5- and 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates of 80.3% and 67.5%, respectively, which were less than those for all cutaneous malignant melanomas overall (91.3% and 87.5%, respectively; P < .001). The ALM 5- and 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates were highest in non-Hispanic whites (82.6% and 69.4%), intermediate in blacks (77.2% and 71.5%), and lowest in Hispanic whites (72.8% and 57.3%) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (70.2% and 54.1%). Acral lentiginous melanoma thickness and stage correlated with survival according to sex and in the different racial groups. CONCLUSIONS Population-based data showed that ALM is a rare melanoma subtype, although its proportion among all melanomas is higher in people of color. It is associated with a worse prognosis than cutaneous malignant melanoma overall. Hispanic whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders have worse survival rates than other groups, and factors such as increased tumor thickness and more advanced stage at presentation are the most likely explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porcia T Bradford
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, DCEG, NCI, NIH, 6120 Executive Blvd, Room 7005, Rockville, MD 20852-7236, USA.
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Kristinsson SY, Koshiol J, Goldin LR, Björkholm M, Turesson I, Gridley G, McMaster ML, Landgren O. Genetics- and immune-related factors in the pathogenesis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2009; 9:23-6. [PMID: 19362964 PMCID: PMC2796606 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2009.n.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are emerging data to support a role for genetic and immune-related factors in the pathogenesis of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. In this article, we review our recently published, large, population-based studies using data from Sweden and from United States veterans and propose mechanisms and pathways underlying our observations. We also discuss future directions for new studies designed to increase our current knowledge and to define underlying biologic mechanisms of our findings. Finally, based on novel insights on this topic, we discuss clinical implications and provide perspective on the relevance of these data for patient counseling and clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurdur Y Kristinsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain autoimmune and infectious conditions are associated with increased risks of subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. A few previous studies suggest that chronic inflammation may particularly elevate risk of the distinct non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtype Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). METHODS We assessed WM risk in relation to a variety of chronic immune stimulatory conditions in 4 million US veterans. We identified 361 patients with WM with up to 27 years of follow-up. Using time-dependent Poisson regression, we estimated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for WM risk in relation to history of autoimmune diseases that typically have autoantibodies (with systemic or organ involvement) or do not have autoantibodies, infections, and allergies. All the models were adjusted for attained age, calendar year, race, number of hospital visits, and latency between study entry and exit. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence of WM was 0.34 per 100,000 person-years. Risk of WM was elevated in individuals with any previous autoimmune condition (RR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.68-2.97), autoantibodies with systemic involvement (2.50; 1.55-4.02), or autoantibodies with organ involvement (2.30; 1.57-3.37). Risks of WM were also increased with hepatitis (RR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.38-8.30), human immunodeficiency virus (12.05; 2.83-51.46), and rickettsiosis (3.35; 1.38-8.14). CONCLUSIONS In the largest investigation of WM risk factors to date, we found a 2- to 3-fold elevated risk of WM in persons with a personal history of autoimmune diseases with autoantibodies and notably elevated risks associated with hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus, and rickettsiosis. These findings provide novel insights into the still unknown etiology of WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Koshiol
- Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Office of Preventive Oncology, and Division of Genetic Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 7003, MSC 7236, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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McMaster ML, Caporaso N. Waldenström macroglobulinaemia and IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance: emerging understanding of a potential precursor condition. Br J Haematol 2008; 139:663-71. [PMID: 18021080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previously thought to be best described as a plasma cell disorder, Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) is now understood to be a distinct clinicobiological entity. WM shares B-cell origin and certain other features with both chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma (MM). WM and CLL arise from B-cells at discrete stages in their maturation process, and MM arises from B-cells that have fully differentiated into plasma cells. While MM has a well-known precursor condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), CLL and WM may also have associated precursor states, monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL) and IgM MGUS, respectively. This review explores the features that link or distinguish these haematolymphoid malignancies, with special attention to emerging data regarding IgM MGUS and its unique relationship to WM, and identifies important gaps in our understanding of the putative precursor conditions, MBL and IgM MGUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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McMaster ML, Csako G. Protein electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis as predictors for high-risk phenotype in familial Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:1183-8. [PMID: 17990319 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein electrophoresis is used for the detection, evaluation and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy (MG) conditions such as Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) is currently the most common method for isotyping of monoclonal gammopathy because of its superior sensitivity relative to immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). We designed a study to evaluate the clinicobiological relevance of small monoclonal bands detected by serum protein electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE. Serum protein electrophoresis, IEP, and IFE were used to evaluate possible monoclonal gammopathy in 46 members (29 relatives and 17 nonbloodline spouses) from 3 families with multiple cases of WM. IFE identified small monoclonal bands initially missed by IEP in 5 individuals (2 blood relatives, 3 spouses) among 46 study participants. All bands were IgM type. Twenty-three individuals, including the 2 blood relatives and 2 of 3 spouses with monoclonal gammopathy, were then followed for a median of 17 years (range, 13-25). The monoclonal gammopathy progressed in the 2 relatives but disappeared in the spouses, and new IgM MG developed in 2 additional relatives with a prior history of IgM polyclonal gammopathy. Small monoclonal bands detected by IFE in a familial context may be biologically meaningful, both as phenotypic biomarkers and possibly as predictors of high risk for WM. Polyclonal IgM may also be a marker of genetic susceptibility in WM families. Larger studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD MD 20892-7236, USA.
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Landgren O, Katzmann JA, Hsing AW, Pfeiffer RM, Kyle RA, Yeboah ED, Biritwum RB, Tettey Y, Adjei AA, Larson DR, Dispenzieri A, Melton LJ, Goldin LR, McMaster ML, Caporaso NE, Rajkumar SV. Prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance among men in Ghana. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82:1468-73. [PMID: 18053453 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(11)61089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor of multiple myeloma (MM), in Ghanaian men vs white men and to test for evidence to support an underlying race-related predisposition of the 2-fold higher prevalence of MGUS in African Americans vs whites. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Between September 1, 2004, and September 30, 2006, 917 men (50-74 years) underwent in-person interviews and physical examinations. Serum samples from all participants were analyzed by electrophoresis performed on agarose gel; any serum sample with a discrete or localized band was subjected to immunofixation. Age-adjusted and standardized (to the 2000 world population) prevalence estimates of MGUS and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed in the Ghanaian men and compared with MGUS prevalence in 7996 white men from Minnesota. Associations between selected characteristics and MGUS prevalence were assessed by the Fisher exact test and logistic regression models. RESULTS Of the 917 study participants, 54 were found to have MGUS, yielding an age-adjusted prevalence of 5.84 (95% CI, 4.27-7.40) per 100 persons. No significant variation was found by age group, ethnicity, education status, or prior infectious diseases. The concentration of monoclonal immunoglobulin was undetectable in 41 (76%) of the 54 MGUS cases, less than 1 g/dL in 10 patients (19%), and 1 g/dL or more in only 3 patients (6%). Compared with white men, the age-adjusted prevalence of MGUS was 1.97-fold (95% CI, 1.94-2.00) higher in Ghanaian men. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MGUS in Ghanaian men was twice that in white men, supporting the hypothesis that race-related genetic susceptibility could explain the higher rates of MGUS in black populations. An improved understanding of MGUS and MM pathophysiology would facilitate the development of strategies to prevent progression of MGUS to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Landgren
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Blvd, Bldg. EPS/Room 7110, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
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McMaster ML, Csako G, Giambarresi TR, Vasquez L, Berg M, Saddlemire S, Hulley B, Tucker MA. Long-term Evaluation of Three Multiple-Case Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Families. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:5063-9. [PMID: 17785558 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because the clinical significance of immunoglobulin abnormalities reported in relatives of familial Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) patients is unknown, we initiated a follow-up study of three WM families originally evaluated 27 years previously. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Of 29 eligible first-degree relatives of WM patients, 27 (93%) had originally participated in clinical and electrophoretic evaluations. We re-contacted all participants for prospective follow-up electrophoretic analysis and other studies. RESULTS Initially, five relatives had IgM monoclonal gammopathy (IgM MG), and four had IgM polyclonal gammopathy (PG). Twenty-two relatives (81%) were re-evaluated. Median follow-up was 17 years (range, 7-27). At re-contact, all IgM MG persisted or progressed, including three that evolved to WM. Among the four with PG, two new IgM MG cases developed. Overall, seven relatives (26%) had IgM MG, and five (18%) had IgM PG. CONCLUSIONS Although based on small numbers, this study provides the longest comprehensive follow-up of WM families to date. IgM MG seems to be a phenotypic marker of WM susceptibility in some families and may have a high risk of progression to WM. IgM PG may also be important in WM families. These observations require validation in larger studies and, if confirmed, may be used to identify a cohort (relatives with IgM MG) for future prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L McMaster
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, 6120 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7236. Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
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Ng D, Toure O, Fontaine L, McMaster ML, Goldin LR, Caporaso N, Toro JR. No association of ARLTS1 polymorphisms and risk for familial chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2007; 137:173-5. [PMID: 17391501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McMaster ML, Goldin LR, Bai Y, Ter-Minassian M, Boehringer S, Giambarresi TR, Vasquez LG, Tucker MA. Genomewide linkage screen for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia susceptibility loci in high-risk families. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 79:695-701. [PMID: 16960805 PMCID: PMC1592553 DOI: 10.1086/507687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), a distinctive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that features overproduction of immunoglobulin M (IgM), clearly has a familial component; however, no susceptibility genes have yet been identified. We performed a genomewide linkage analysis in 11 high-risk families with WM that were informative for linkage, for a total of 122 individuals with DNA samples, including 34 patients with WM and 10 patients with IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (IgM MGUS). We genotyped 1,058 microsatellite markers (average spacing 3.5 cM), performed both nonparametric and parametric linkage analysis, and computed both two-point and multipoint linkage statistics. The strongest evidence of linkage was found on chromosomes 1q and 4q when patients with WM and with IgM MGUS were both considered affected; nonparametric linkage scores were 2.5 (P=.0089) and 3.1 (P=.004), respectively. Other locations suggestive of linkage were found on chromosomes 3 and 6. Results of two-locus linkage analysis were consistent with independent effects. The findings from this first linkage analysis of families at high risk for WM represent important progress toward identifying gene(s) that modulate susceptibility to WM and toward understanding its complex etiology.
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Goldin LR, McMaster ML, Ter-Minassian M, Saddlemire S, Harmsen B, Lalonde G, Tucker MA. A genome screen of families at high risk for Hodgkin lymphoma: evidence for a susceptibility gene on chromosome 4. J Med Genet 2006; 42:595-601. [PMID: 15994882 PMCID: PMC1736088 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2004.027433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Landgren O, Linet MS, McMaster ML, Gridley G, Hemminki K, Goldin LR. Familial characteristics of autoimmune and hematologic disorders in 8,406 multiple myeloma patients: A population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:3095-8. [PMID: 16395700 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A population-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate risk of developing multiple myeloma (MM) associated with personal history of autoimmune diseases and occurrence of autoimmune and selected hematologic disorders in first-degree relatives. Data were obtained for all (n = 8,406) MM cases diagnosed in Sweden (1958-1998), with linkable relatives, 16,543 matched controls and first-degree relatives of cases (n = 22,490) and controls (n = 44,436). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to quantify the risk of MM in relation to personal/family history of 32 autoimmune disorders. Familial aggregation of malignancies was evaluated in a marginal survival model using relatives as the cohort. The risk for MM was significantly elevated among subjects with a personal history of pernicious anemia (OR = 3.27; 2.22-4.83) and individuals with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 2.66; 1.12-6.32). Compared with controls, relative risk (RR) of MM was significantly increased (RR = 1.67; 1.02-2.73) in relatives of cases, particularly relatives of probands aged > or =65 at diagnosis (RR = 2.50; 1.19-5.27). Risks were nearly 4-fold elevated among female relatives (RR = 3.97; 1.54-10.2) and among relatives of female probands (RR = 3.74; 1.58-8.83). MM cases had more cases of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) among their relatives than controls, but the numbers were too small to be conclusive. There was generally no increase in risk of MM in probands whose relatives had hematologic malignancies other than MM. These findings do not support a strong association between personal/familial autoimmune diseases and MM. However, MM itself shows significant familial aggregation, implicating the etiologic importance of this type of hematological neoplasm and perhaps MGUS in germ line genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Landgren
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Goldin LR, Landgren O, McMaster ML, Gridley G, Hemminki K, Li X, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Linet MS. Familial aggregation and heterogeneity of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in population-based samples. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:2402-6. [PMID: 16214923 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of genetic factors in the etiology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is suggested by case-control and cohort studies. Most previous studies have been too small to estimate accurately risks of specific categories of lymphoproliferative malignancies in relatives of NHL cases or to quantify the contribution of NHL case characteristics to familial risk. We have overcome sample size limitations and potential recall bias by using large databases from Sweden and Denmark. Diagnoses of lymphoproliferative malignancies were compared in 70,006 first-degree relatives of 26,089 NHL cases (including 7,432 with subtype information) versus 161,352 first-degree relatives of 58,960 matched controls. Relatives of NHL cases were at significantly increased risk for NHL [relative risk (RR), 1.73; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.39-2.15], Hodgkin lymphoma (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.0-1.97), and nonsignificantly for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL; RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.93-1.85). No increased risk was found for multiple myeloma among case relatives. Findings with respect to siblings compared with parents and offspring or with respect to age at diagnosis of proband were inconsistent. In both populations, relatives of cases with an aggressive NHL subtype were at substantially increased risk of NHL (combined RR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.80-7.02). We conclude that NHL has an important familial component, which is shared with Hodgkin lymphoma and CLL. We estimate that the absolute lifetime risk for a first-degree relative of an NHL case to develop NHL is 3.6% (compared with a population risk of 2.1%) and higher if the index case had an aggressive subtype of NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn R Goldin
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7236, Bethesda, MD 20892-7236, USA.
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Travis LB, Fosså SD, Schonfeld SJ, McMaster ML, Lynch CF, Storm H, Hall P, Holowaty E, Andersen A, Pukkala E, Andersson M, Kaijser M, Gospodarowicz M, Joensuu T, Cohen RJ, Boice JD, Dores GM, Gilbert ES. Second cancers among 40,576 testicular cancer patients: focus on long-term survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:1354-65. [PMID: 16174857 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although second primary cancers are a leading cause of death among men with testicular cancer, few studies have quantified risks among long-term survivors. METHODS Within 14 population-based tumor registries in Europe and North America (1943-2001), we identified 40,576 1-year survivors of testicular cancer and ascertained data on any new incident solid tumors among these patients. We used Poisson regression analysis to model relative risks (RRs) and excess absolute risks (EARs) of second solid cancers. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS A total of 2,285 second solid cancers were reported in the cohort. The relative risk and EAR decreased with increasing age at testicular cancer diagnosis (P < .001); the EAR increased with attained age (P < .001) but the excess RR decreased. Among 10-year survivors diagnosed with testicular cancer at age 35 years, the risk of developing a second solid tumor was increased (RR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 2.1). Risk remained statistically significantly elevated for 35 years (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.5 to 2.0; P < .001). We observed statistically significantly elevated risks, for the first time, for cancers of the pleura (malignant mesothelioma; RR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.7 to 5.9) and esophagus (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.6). Cancers of the lung (RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.7), colon (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.7 to 2.5), bladder (RR = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.2 to 3.1), pancreas (RR = 3.6, 95% CI = 2.8 to 4.6), and stomach (RR = 4.0, 95% CI = 3.2 to 4.8) accounted for almost 60% of the total excess. Overall patterns were similar for seminoma and nonseminoma patients, with lower risks observed for nonseminoma patients treated after 1975. Statistically significantly increased risks of solid cancers were observed among patients treated with radiotherapy alone (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.9 to 2.2), chemotherapy alone (RR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3 to 2.5), and both (RR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.9 to 4.2). For patients diagnosed with seminomas or nonseminomatous tumors at age 35 years, cumulative risks of solid cancer 40 years later (i.e., to age 75 years) were 36% and 31%, respectively, compared with 23% for the general population. CONCLUSIONS Testicular cancer survivors are at statistically significantly increased risk of solid tumors for at least 35 years after treatment. Young patients may experience high levels of risk as they reach older ages. The statistically significantly increased risk of malignant mesothelioma in testicular cancer survivors has, to our knowledge, not been observed previously in a cohort of patients treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois B Travis
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Fosså SD, Chen J, Schonfeld SJ, McGlynn KA, McMaster ML, Gail MH, Travis LB. Risk of Contralateral Testicular Cancer: A Population-based Study of 29 515 U.S. Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 97:1056-66. [PMID: 16030303 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dji185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although risk estimates for synchronous and metachronous contralateral testicular cancers vary widely, many clinicians recommend routine biopsy of the contralateral testis for patients diagnosed with unilateral testicular cancer. We evaluated the risk of contralateral testicular cancer and survival in a large population-based cohort of men diagnosed with testicular cancer before age 55 years. METHODS For 29 515 testicular cancer cases reported to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program from 1973 through 2001, we estimated the prevalence of synchronous contralateral testicular cancer, the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) and 15-year cumulative risk of metachronous contralateral testicular cancer, and the 10-year overall survival rate of both synchronous and metachronous contralateral testicular cancer, using the Kaplan-Meier method for the two latter assessments. Age-adjusted multivariable analyses were used to examine risk according to histologic type of the original cancer. RESULTS A total of 175 men presented with synchronous contralateral testicular cancer; 287 men developed metachronous contralateral testicular cancer (O/E = 12.4 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 11.0 to 13.9]; 15-year cumulative risk = 1.9% [95% CI = 1.7% to 2.1%]). In the multivariable analysis, only nonseminomatous histology of the first testicular cancer was associated with a statistically significantly decreased risk of metachronous contralateral testicular cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46 to 0.79; P<.001). Increasing age at first testicular cancer diagnosis was associated with decreasing risk of nonseminomatous metachronous contralateral testicular cancer (odds ratio = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86 to 0.94). The 10-year overall survival rate after metachronous contralateral testicular cancer diagnosis was 93% (95% CI = 88% to 96%), and that after synchronous contralateral testicular cancer was 85% (95% CI = 78% to 90%). CONCLUSIONS The low cumulative risk of metachronous contralateral testicular cancer and favorable overall survival of patients diagnosed with metachronous contralateral testicular cancer is in accordance with the current U.S. approach of not performing a biopsy on the contralateral testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie D Fosså
- Department of Clinical Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
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