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Abstract
Advances in gene-editing technology enable efficient, targeted ex vivo engineering of different cell types, which offer a potential therapeutic platform for most challenging disease areas. CRISPR-Cas9 is a widely used gene-editing tool in therapeutic applications. The quality of gene-editing reagents (i.e., Cas9 nuclease, single guide (sg)RNA) is associated with the final cellular product quality as they can impact the gene-editing accuracy and efficiency. To assess the impact of the quality of Cas9 protein and sgRNA in the formation of a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, stability, and functional activities, we developed a size exclusion chromatography method that utilizes multiple detectors and an in vitro DNA cleavage assay using anion-exchange chromatography. Using these methods, we characterized the formation and stability of Cas9 RNP complexes associated with Cas9 and sgRNA characteristics as well as their functional activities. Multi-angle light scattering characterization showed different types and levels of aggregates in different source sgRNA materials, which contribute to form different Cas9 RNP complexes. The aggregations irreversibly dissociated at high temperatures. When the Cas9 RNP complexes derived from non-heated and heated sgRNAs were characterized, the data showed that specific RNP peaks were impacted. The Cas9 RNP complexes derived from the heated sgRNA retained their biological function and cleaved the double-strand target DNA at a higher rate. This work provides new tools to characterize the Cas9 RNP complex formation, stability, and functional activity and provides insights into sgRNA properties and handling procedures to better control the Cas9 RNP complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Camperi
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lu Dai
- Protein Analytical Chemistry, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Cell Therapy Engineering and Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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2
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Moshref M, Questa M, Lopez-Cervantes V, Sears TK, Greathouse RL, Crawford CK, Kol A. Panobinostat Effectively Increases Histone Acetylation and Alters Chromatin Accessibility Landscape in Canine Embryonic Fibroblasts but Does Not Enhance Cellular Reprogramming. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:716570. [PMID: 34660761 PMCID: PMC8511502 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.716570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust and reproducible protocols to efficiently reprogram adult canine cells to induced pluripotent stem cells are still elusive. Somatic cell reprogramming requires global chromatin remodeling that is finely orchestrated spatially and temporally. Histone acetylation and deacetylation are key regulators of chromatin condensation, mediated by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs), respectively. HDAC inhibitors have been used to increase histone acetylation, chromatin accessibility, and somatic cell reprogramming in human and mice cells. We hypothesized that inhibition of HDACs in canine fibroblasts would increase their reprogramming efficiency by altering the epigenomic landscape and enabling greater chromatin accessibility. We report that a combined treatment of panobinostat (LBH589) and vitamin C effectively inhibits HDAC function and increases histone acetylation in canine embryonic fibroblasts in vitro, with no significant cytotoxic effects. We further determined the effect of this treatment on global chromatin accessibility via Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing. Finally, the treatment did not induce any significant increase in cellular reprogramming efficiency. Although our data demonstrate that the unique epigenetic landscape of canine cells does not make them amenable to cellular reprogramming through the proposed treatment, it provides a rationale for a targeted, canine-specific, reprogramming approach by enhancing the expression of transcription factors such as CEBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moshref
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maria Questa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Lopez-Cervantes
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Thomas K Sears
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Rachel L Greathouse
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Charles K Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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3
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Ebeid DE, Khalafalla FG, Broughton KM, Monsanto MM, Esquer CY, Sacchi V, Hariharan N, Korski KI, Moshref M, Emathinger J, Cottage CT, Quijada PJ, Nguyen JH, Alvarez R, Völkers M, Konstandin MH, Wang BJ, Firouzi F, Navarrete JM, Gude NA, Goumans MJ, Sussman MA. Pim1 maintains telomere length in mouse cardiomyocytes by inhibiting TGFβ signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:201-211. [PMID: 32176281 PMCID: PMC7797214 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Telomere attrition in cardiomyocytes is associated with decreased contractility, cellular senescence, and up-regulation of proapoptotic transcription factors. Pim1 is a cardioprotective kinase that antagonizes the aging phenotype of cardiomyocytes and delays cellular senescence by maintaining telomere length, but the mechanism remains unknown. Another pathway responsible for regulating telomere length is the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling pathway where inhibiting TGFβ signalling maintains telomere length. The relationship between Pim1 and TGFβ has not been explored. This study delineates the mechanism of telomere length regulation by the interplay between Pim1 and components of TGFβ signalling pathways in proliferating A549 cells and post-mitotic cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Telomere length was maintained by lentiviral-mediated overexpression of PIM1 and inhibition of TGFβ signalling in A549 cells. Telomere length maintenance was further demonstrated in isolated cardiomyocytes from mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PIM1 and by pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ signalling. Mechanistically, Pim1 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad2, preventing its translocation into the nucleus and repressing expression of TGFβ pathway genes. CONCLUSION Pim1 maintains telomere lengths in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting phosphorylation of the TGFβ pathway downstream effectors Smad2 and Smad3, which prevents repression of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Findings from this study demonstrate a novel mechanism of telomere length maintenance and provide a potential target for preserving cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Ebeid
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Farid G Khalafalla
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kathleen M Broughton
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Carolina Y Esquer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kelli I Korski
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Christopher T Cottage
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Pearl J Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jonathan H Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mirko Völkers
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Bingyan J Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Fareheh Firouzi
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Julian M Navarrete
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Natalie A Gude
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, North Life Sciences, 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Questa M, Moshref M, Jimenez RJ, Lopez‐Cervantes V, Crawford CK, Settles ML, Ross PJ, Kol A. Chromatin accessibility in canine stromal cells and its implications for canine somatic cell reprogramming. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:441-454. [PMID: 33210453 PMCID: PMC7900587 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring disease in pet dogs is an untapped and unique resource for stem cell-based regenerative medicine translational research, given the many similarities and complexity such disease shares with their human counterparts. Canine-specific regulators of somatic cell reprogramming and pluripotency maintenance are poorly understood. While retroviral delivery of the four Yamanaka factors successfully reprogrammed canine embryonic fibroblasts, adult stromal cells remained resistant to reprogramming in spite of effective viral transduction and transgene expression. We hypothesized that adult stromal cells fail to reprogram due to an epigenetic barrier. Here, we performed assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) on canine stromal and pluripotent stem cells, analyzing 51 samples in total, and establishing the global landscape of chromatin accessibility before and after reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). We also studied adult stromal cells that do not yield iPSC colonies to identify potential reprogramming barriers. ATAC-seq analysis identified distinct cell type clustering patterns and chromatin remodeling during embryonic fibroblast reprogramming. Compared with embryonic fibroblasts, adult stromal cells had a chromatin accessibility landscape that reflects phenotypic differentiation and somatic cell-fate stability. We ultimately identified 76 candidate genes and several transcription factor binding motifs that may be impeding somatic cell reprogramming to iPSC, and could be targeted for inhibition or activation, in order to improve the process in canines. These results provide a vast resource for better understanding of pluripotency regulators in dogs and provide an unbiased rationale for novel canine-specific reprogramming approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Questa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert J. Jimenez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Veronica Lopez‐Cervantes
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles K. Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Matthew L. Settles
- Bioinformatics Core FacilityUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pablo J. Ross
- Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Broughton KM, Ebeid D, Esquer C, Wang B, Moshref M, Sussman M. Abstract 401: Polyploidy Increases in Murine Cardiomyocytes Following Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
De novo
cardiomyogenesis versus polyploidy in myocardial homeostasis, aging, and response to injury is a controversial research area of intense investigation. Our lab recently created the Fluorescent Ubiquitin Cell Cycle Indicator transgenic (FUCCI-Tg) mouse model to study cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle progression. Therefore, the FUCCI-Tg model was used to track CM cell cycle correlated to ploidy state in response to myocardial infarction (MI).
Hypothesis:
Adult FUCCI-Tg cardiomyocytes progress into S/G2/M phase of cell cycle by 10 days after infarction resulting in binucleation rather than
de novo
cardiomyogenesis.
Methods and Results:
CMs isolated from FUCCI-Tg were analyzed 3 and 10 days following MI using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. At 3 days post-MI, the ratio of mono- to binucleated CMs remained unchanged from non-injury CMs. At day 10 post-MI, frequency of mononuclear CMs significantly decreased compared to normal or 3-day post-MI CMs. Coincident with nucleation state, myocytes were only found to enter S/G2/M phase at day 10 post-MI. These results were verified by visualization of FUCCI in isolated CMs using Amnis ImageStream flow cytometry. Ploidy state and CM size was assessed in the infarction / border (left ventricle (LV)) and remote zone (right ventricle (RV)) at day 10 post-MI and compared to the normal and sham LV and RV. Binucleation significantly increased in the LV after MI compared to normal LV, whereas RV CM binucleation and size significantly increased in both sham and MI at 10 days after MI compared to normal RV.
Conclusion:
Adult murine CMs enter cell cycle in response to MI but primarily undergo endomitosis / endoreplication rather than complete cell cycle reflecting increases in nucleation and/or myocyte size rather than
de novo
cardiomyogenesis. Future studies will assess CM ploidy in mouse strains purported to possess enhanced cardiomyogenesis following MI injury and the biological significance of ploidy for mediating myocardial repair.
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Moshref M, Tangey B, Gilor C, Papas KK, Williamson P, Loomba-Albrecht L, Sheehy P, Kol A. Concise Review: Canine Diabetes Mellitus as a Translational Model for Innovative Regenerative Medicine Approaches. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:450-455. [PMID: 30719867 PMCID: PMC6476992 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common spontaneous endocrine disorder in dogs, which is defined by persistent hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency. Like type 1 diabetes (T1D) in people, canine DM is a complex and multifactorial disease in which genomic and epigenomic factors interact with environmental cues to induce pancreatic β‐cell loss and insulin deficiency, although the pathogenesis of canine DM is poorly defined and the role of autoimmunity is further controversial. Both diseases are incurable and require life‐long exogenous insulin therapy to maintain glucose homeostasis. Human pancreatic islet physiology, size, and cellular composition is further mirrored by canine islets. Although pancreatic or isolated islets transplantation are the only clinically validated methods to achieve long‐term normoglycemia and insulin independence, their availability does not meet the clinical need; they target a small portion of patients and have significant potential adverse effects. Therefore, providing a new source for β‐cell replacement is an unmet need. Naturally occurring DM in pet dogs, as a translational platform, is an untapped resource for various regenerative medicine applications that may offer some unique advantages given dogs' large size, longevity, heterogenic genetic background, similarity to human physiology and pathology, and long‐term clinical management. In this review, we outline different strategies for curative approaches, animal models used, and consider the value of canine DM as a translational animal/disease model for T1D in people. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:450–455
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moshref
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bonnie Tangey
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chen Gilor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Klearchos K Papas
- Department of Surgery, Institute for Cellular Transplantation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Peter Williamson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsey Loomba-Albrecht
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Paul Sheehy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amir Kol
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Yamoah MA, Moshref M, Sharma J, Chen WC, Ledford HA, Lee JH, Chavez KS, Wang W, López JE, Lieu DK, Sirish P, Zhang XD. Highly efficient transfection of human induced pluripotent stem cells using magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6073-6078. [PMID: 30323594 PMCID: PMC6179720 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s172254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The delivery of transgenes into human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) represents an important tool in cardiac regeneration with potential for clinical applications. Gene transfection is more difficult, however, for hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs than for somatic cells. Despite improvements in transfection and transduction, the efficiency, cytotoxicity, safety, and cost of these methods remain unsatisfactory. The objective of this study is to examine gene transfection in hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs using magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). Methods Magnetic NPs are unique transfection reagents that form complexes with nucleic acids by ionic interaction. The particles, loaded with nucleic acids, can be guided by a magnetic field to allow their concentration onto the surface of the cell membrane. Subsequent uptake of the loaded particles by the cells allows for high efficiency transfection of the cells with nucleic acids. We developed a new method using magnetic NPs to transfect hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs. HiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs were cultured and analyzed using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and patch clamp recordings to quantify the transfection efficiency and cellular function. Results We compared the transfection efficiency of hiPSCs with that of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. We observed that the average efficiency in hiPSCs was 43%±2% compared to 62%±4% in HEK 293 cells. Further analysis of the transfected hiPSCs showed that the differentiation of hiPSCs to hiPSC-CMs was not altered by NPs. Finally, robust transfection of hiPSC-CMs with an efficiency of 18%±2% was obtained. Conclusion The difficult-to-transfect hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs were efficiently transfected using magnetic NPs. Our study offers a novel approach for transfection of hiPSCs and hiPSC-CMs without the need for viral vector generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Yamoah
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Janhavi Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Wei Chun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Hannah A Ledford
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Jeong Han Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Karen S Chavez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Javier E López
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Deborah K Lieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, ,
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, , .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA, ,
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA, , .,Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, USA, ,
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Matsumoto C, Jiang Y, Emathinger J, Quijada P, Nguyen N, De La Torre A, Moshref M, Nguyen J, Levinson AB, Shin M, Sussman MA, Hariharan N. Short Telomeres Induce p53 and Autophagy and Modulate Age-Associated Changes in Cardiac Progenitor Cell Fate. Stem Cells 2018; 36:868-880. [PMID: 29441645 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging severely limits myocardial repair and regeneration. Delineating the impact of age-associated factors such as short telomeres is critical to enhance the regenerative potential of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We hypothesized that short telomeres activate p53 and induce autophagy to elicit the age-associated change in CPC fate. We isolated CPCs and compared mouse strains with different telomere lengths for phenotypic characteristics of aging. Wild mouse strain Mus musculus castaneus (CAST) possessing short telomeres exhibits early cardiac aging with cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and senescence, as compared with common lab strains FVB and C57 bearing longer telomeres. CAST CPCs with short telomeres demonstrate altered cell fate as characterized by cell cycle arrest, senescence, basal commitment, and loss of quiescence. Elongation of telomeres using a modified mRNA for telomerase restores youthful properties to CAST CPCs. Short telomeres induce autophagy in CPCs, a catabolic protein degradation process, as evidenced by reduced p62 and increased accumulation of autophagic puncta. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagosome formation reverses the cell fate to a more youthful phenotype. Mechanistically, cell fate changes induced by short telomeres are partially p53 dependent, as p53 inhibition rescues senescence and commitment observed in CAST CPCs, coincident with attenuation of autophagy. In conclusion, short telomeres activate p53 and autophagy to tip the equilibrium away from quiescence and proliferation toward differentiation and senescence, leading to exhaustion of CPCs. This study provides the mechanistic basis underlying age-associated cell fate changes that will enable identification of molecular strategies to prevent senescence of CPCs. Stem Cells 2018;36:868-880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Pearl Quijada
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nathalie Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aimee B Levinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Minyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark A Sussman
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Sirish P, Ledford HA, Timofeyev V, Thai PN, Ren L, Kim HJ, Park S, Lee JH, Dai G, Moshref M, Sihn CR, Chen WC, Timofeyeva MV, Jian Z, Shimkunas R, Izu LT, Chiamvimonvat N, Chen-Izu Y, Yamoah EN, Zhang XD. Action Potential Shortening and Impairment of Cardiac Function by Ablation of Slc26a6. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017; 10:CIRCEP.117.005267. [PMID: 29025768 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular pH (pHi) is critical to cardiac excitation and contraction; uncompensated changes in pHi impair cardiac function and trigger arrhythmia. Several ion transporters participate in cardiac pHi regulation. Our previous studies identified several isoforms of a solute carrier Slc26a6 to be highly expressed in cardiomyocytes. We show that Slc26a6 mediates electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities in cardiomyocytes, suggesting the potential role of Slc26a6 in regulation of not only pHi, but also cardiac excitability. METHODS AND RESULTS To test the mechanistic role of Slc26a6 in the heart, we took advantage of Slc26a6 knockout (Slc26a6-/- ) mice using both in vivo and in vitro analyses. Consistent with our prediction of its electrogenic activities, ablation of Slc26a6 results in action potential shortening. There are reduced Ca2+ transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, together with decreased sarcomere shortening in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes. These abnormalities translate into reduced fractional shortening and cardiac contractility at the in vivo level. Additionally, pHi is elevated in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes with slower recovery kinetics from intracellular alkalization, consistent with the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities of Slc26a6. Moreover, Slc26a6-/- mice show evidence of sinus bradycardia and fragmented QRS complex, supporting the critical role of Slc26a6 in cardiac conduction system. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides mechanistic insights into Slc26a6, a unique cardiac electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- transporter in ventricular myocytes, linking the critical roles of Slc26a6 in regulation of pHi, excitability, and contractility. pHi is a critical regulator of other membrane and contractile proteins. Future studies are needed to investigate possible changes in these proteins in Slc26a6-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sirish
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Hannah A Ledford
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Valeriy Timofeyev
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Phung N Thai
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Lu Ren
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Seojin Park
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Jeong Han Lee
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Gu Dai
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Maryam Moshref
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Choong-Ryoul Sihn
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Wei Chun Chen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Maria Valeryevna Timofeyeva
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Zhong Jian
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Rafael Shimkunas
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Leighton T Izu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Ye Chen-Izu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.).
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10
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Frederich BJ, Timofeyev V, Thai PN, Haddad MJ, Poe AJ, Lau VC, Moshref M, Knowlton AA, Sirish P, Chiamvimonvat N. Electrotaxis of cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells requires serum and is directed via PI3'K pathways. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1685-1692. [PMID: 28668623 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue has long been an obstacle to treating damaged myocardium. Cell-based therapy offers an enormous potential to the current treatment paradigms. However, the efficacy of regenerative therapies remains limited by inefficient delivery and engraftment. Electrotaxis (electrically guided cell movement) has been clinically used to improve recovery in a number of tissues but has not been investigated for treating myocardial damage. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the electrotactic behaviors of several types of cardiac cells. METHODS Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac progenitor cells (hiPSC-CPCs) were used. RESULTS CPCs and CFs electrotax toward the anode of a direct current electric field, whereas hiPSC-CPCs electrotax toward the cathode. The voltage-dependent electrotaxis of CPCs and CFs requires the presence of serum in the media. Addition of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule to serum-free media restores directed migration. We provide evidence that CPC and CF electrotaxis is mediated through phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase signaling. In addition, very late antigen-4, an integrin and growth factor receptor, is required for electrotaxis and localizes to the anodal edge of CPCs in response to direct current electric field. The hiPSC-derived CPCs do not express very late antigen-4, migrate toward the cathode in a voltage-dependent manner, and, similar to CPCs and CFs, require media serum and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase activity for electrotaxis. CONCLUSION The electrotactic behaviors of these therapeutic cardiac cells may be used to improve cell-based therapy for recovering function in damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert J Frederich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Valeriy Timofeyev
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michael J Haddad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Adam J Poe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Victor C Lau
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Anne A Knowlton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; US Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California.
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11
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van Loosdregt J, Rossetti M, Spreafico R, Moshref M, Olmer M, Williams GW, Kumar P, Copeland D, Pischel K, Lotz M, Albani S. Increased autophagy in CD4 + T cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients results in T-cell hyperactivation and apoptosis resistance. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2862-2870. [PMID: 27624289 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease hallmarked by aberrant cellular homeostasis, resulting in hyperactive CD4+ T cells that are more resistant to apoptosis. Both hyperactivation and resistance to apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenicity of CD4+ T cells in the autoimmune process. A better knowledge of the mechanisms determining such impaired homeostasis could contribute significantly to both the understanding and the treatment of the disease. Here we investigated whether autophagy, is dysregulated in CD4+ T cells of RA patients, resulting in disturbed T-cell homeostasis. We demonstrate that the rate of autophagy is significantly increased in CD4+ T cells from RA patients, and that increased autophagy is also a feature of in vitro activated CD4+ T cells. The increased apoptosis resistance observed in CD4+ T cells from RA patients was significantly reversed upon autophagy inhibition. These mechanisms may contribute to RA pathogenesis, as autophagy inhibition reduced both arthritis incidence and disease severity in a mouse collagen induced arthritis mouse model. Conversely, in Atg5flox/flox -CD4-Cre+ mice, in which all T cells are autophagy deficient, T cells showed impaired activation and proliferation. These data provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of RA and underscore the relevance of autophagy as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorg van Loosdregt
- Translational Research Laboratory, Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, USA.,Eureka Institute for Translational Medicine, Siracusa, Italy.,Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Translational Research Laboratory, Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, USA.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Eureka Institute for Translational Medicine, Siracusa, Italy
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Translational Research Laboratory, Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, USA.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Translational Research Laboratory, Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - Pavanish Kumar
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dana Copeland
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, USA
| | - Ken Pischel
- Division of Rheumatology, Scripps Clinic, San Diego, USA
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Research Laboratory, Inflammatory and Infectious Disease Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, USA.,SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Eureka Institute for Translational Medicine, Siracusa, Italy
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12
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Quijada P, Salunga HT, Hariharan N, Cubillo JD, El-Sayed FG, Moshref M, Bala KM, Emathinger JM, De La Torre A, Ormachea L, Alvarez R, Gude NA, Sussman MA. Cardiac Stem Cell Hybrids Enhance Myocardial Repair. Circ Res 2015; 117:695-706. [PMID: 26228030 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dual cell transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after infarction improves myocardial repair and performance in large animal models relative to delivery of either cell population. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that CardioChimeras (CCs) formed by fusion between CPCs and MSCs have enhanced reparative potential in a mouse model of myocardial infarction relative to individual stem cells or combined cell delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS Two distinct and clonally derived CCs, CC1 and CC2, were used for this study. CCs improved left ventricular anterior wall thickness at 4 weeks post injury, but only CC1 treatment preserved anterior wall thickness at 18 weeks. Ejection fraction was enhanced at 6 weeks in CCs, and functional improvements were maintained in CCs and CPC+MSC groups at 18 weeks. Infarct size was decreased in CCs, whereas CPC+MSC and CPC parent groups remained unchanged at 12 weeks. CCs exhibited increased persistence, engraftment, and expression of early commitment markers within the border zone relative to combinatorial and individual cell population-injected groups. CCs increased capillary density and preserved cardiomyocyte size in the infarcted regions suggesting CCs role in protective paracrine secretion. CONCLUSIONS CCs merge the application of distinct cells into a single entity for cellular therapeutic intervention in the progression of heart failure. CCs are a novel cell therapy that improves on combinatorial cell approaches to support myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Hazel T Salunga
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Jonathan D Cubillo
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Farid G El-Sayed
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Maryam Moshref
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Kristin M Bala
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Jacqueline M Emathinger
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Lucia Ormachea
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Natalie A Gude
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA (P.Q., H.T.S., J.D.C., F.G.E.-S., M.M., K.M.B., J.M.E., A.D.L.T., L.O., R.A., N.A.G., M.A.S.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (N.H.).
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Quijada P, Salunga HT, Hariharan N, Cubillo J, El-Sayed F, Moshref M, Bala KM, Emathinger JM, De La Torre A, Ormachea L, Alvarez R, Gude NA, Sussman MA. Abstract 16: Enhancing Myocardial Repair With CardioChimeras. Circ Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1161/res.117.suppl_1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dual cell transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after infarction enhances myocardial repair and performance in large animal models relative to delivery of either cell population individually. However, a single stem cell to support both direct and indirect mechanisms of myocardial repair has yet to be identified. CardioChimeras (CCs), a progenitor cell formed by fusion between CPCs and MSCs were analysed for reparative potential after myocardial infarction (MI) relative to individual parents cell or combined parent cell delivery. Two representative CCs, CardioChimera 1 (CC1) and CardioChimera 2 (CC2) were used for this study. CC1 and CC2 improved left ventricular anterior wall thickness (AWT) at 4 weeks, but only CC1 treatment preserved AWT at 18 weeks relative to no cell treatment (PBS). Ejection fraction was enhanced at 6 weeks post injury in CC1 and CC2 groups, which was maintained in CC1, CC2 and CPC + MSC combined groups up to 18 weeks. Infarct size was decreased by 5% in CC1 and CC2 hearts, whereas CPC + MSC and CPC parent groups remained unchanged when comparing 4 to 12 week change in scar size. MSC and PBS groups displayed marked increases in infarct size (10-15%). CC1 and CC2 showed enhanced engraftment potential by 3-fold relative to CPC + MSC and CPC hearts. In contrast, MSCs were detected at low levels (0.04%). CC1 and CC2 discovered within the myocardium expressed early commitment marker cardiac troponin T relative to controls. CC1 and CC2 treatment increased capillary density within the infarct, indicating that cell persistence facilitates paracrine mediated vasculature stabilization and/or formation. CCs merge the application of distinct cells into a single entity for cellular therapeutic intervention in the progression of heart failure. CCs represent a tractable cellular system that improves upon combinatorial cell therapy approaches and supports myocardial regeneration.
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Rossetti M, Spreafico R, Saidin S, Chua C, Moshref M, Leong JY, Tan YK, Thumboo J, van Loosdregt J, Albani S. Ex vivo-expanded but not in vitro-induced human regulatory T cells are candidates for cell therapy in autoimmune diseases thanks to stable demethylation of the FOXP3 regulatory T cell-specific demethylated region. J Immunol 2015; 194:113-24. [PMID: 25452562 PMCID: PMC4383769 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a promising approach for transplant rejection and severe autoimmunity. Unfortunately, clinically meaningful Treg numbers can be obtained only upon in vitro culture. Functional stability of human expanded (e)Tregs and induced (i)Tregs has not been thoroughly addressed for all proposed protocols, hindering clinical translation. We undertook a systematic comparison of eTregs and iTregs to recommend the most suitable for clinical implementation, and then tested their effectiveness and feasibility in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regardless of the treatment, iTregs acquired suppressive function and FOXP3 expression, but lost them upon secondary restimulation in the absence of differentiation factors, which mimics in vivo reactivation. In contrast, eTregs expanded in the presence of rapamycin (rapa) retained their regulatory properties and FOXP3 demethylation upon restimulation with no stabilizing agent. FOXP3 demethylation predicted Treg functional stability upon secondary TCR engagement. Rapa eTregs suppressed conventional T cell proliferation via both surface (CTLA-4) and secreted (IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35) mediators, similarly to ex vivo Tregs. Importantly, Treg expansion with rapa from RA patients produced functionally stable Tregs with yields comparable to healthy donors. Moreover, rapa eTregs from RA patients were resistant to suppression reversal by the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and were more efficient in suppressing synovial conventional T cell proliferation compared with their ex vivo counterparts, suggesting that rapa improves both Treg function and stability. In conclusion, our data indicate Treg expansion with rapa as the protocol of choice for clinical application in rheumatological settings, with assessment of FOXP3 demethylation as a necessary quality control step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Rossetti
- Translational Research Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, 169856 Singapore;
| | - Roberto Spreafico
- Translational Research Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, 169856 Singapore
| | - Suzan Saidin
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, 169856 Singapore
| | - Camillus Chua
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, 169856 Singapore
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Translational Research Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jing Yao Leong
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, 169856 Singapore
| | - York Kiat Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, 169608 Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 169857 Singapore; and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, 169608 Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 169857 Singapore; and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Translational Research Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Research Unit, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre, SingHealth, 169856 Singapore; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, 169857 Singapore; and
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15
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Spreafico R, Rossetti M, van den Broek T, Jansen NJ, Zhang H, Moshref M, Prakken B, van Loosdregt J, van Wijk F, Albani S. A sensitive protocol forFOXP3epigenetic analysis in scarce human samples. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:3141-3. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Spreafico
- Translational Research Unit; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Maura Rossetti
- Translational Research Unit; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore City Singapore
| | - Theo van den Broek
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas J.G. Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care/Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's hospital; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Hong Zhang
- Translational Research Unit; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Maryam Moshref
- Translational Research Unit; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Berent Prakken
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jorg van Loosdregt
- Translational Research Unit; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Research Unit; Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute; La Jolla CA USA
- SingHealth Translational Immunology and Inflammation Centre; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore City Singapore
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Taghavi N, Mollaian M, Alizadeh P, Moshref M, Modabernia S, Akbarzadeh AR. Orofacial clefts and risk factors in tehran, iran: a case control study. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2012; 14:25-30. [PMID: 22737550 PMCID: PMC3372020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) or cleft palate only (CPO) are orofacial clefts with multifactorial etiology. These include environmental factors and heterogeneous genetic background. Therefore, studies on different and homogenous populations can be useful in detecting related factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk factors in patients with non-syndromic cleft in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Data from 300 patients and 300 controls were collected between 2005 and 2010. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to calculate relative risk by odds ratio (OR) and %95 confidence interval. RESULTS Low maternal age (OR=1.06, 95% CI, 1.011-1.113), low socioeconomic status (OR=0.23, 95% CI, 0.007-0.074), maternal systemic disease (OR=0.364; 95% CI, 0.152-0.873) and passive smoking (OR=0.613, 95% CI, 0.430-0.874) increased the risk for CL/P and CPO. There was a significant difference in iron and folic acid use during pregnancy when the case and control groups were compared. CONCLUSION In assessing for orofacial cleft risk, we should consider lack of folic acid supplementation use, maternal age and systemic diseases and passive smoking as risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Taghavi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Nasim Taghavi, DMD, MSc, Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +98-21-88784502, Fax: +98-21-88784502, E-mail:
| | - M Mollaian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Alizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Moshref
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sh Modabernia
- Dental Student, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A R Akbarzadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nafarzadeh S, Moshref M, Taheri ZM, Nafarzadeh M. 8527 POSTER Predictive Value of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Laminin-5 for Clinicopathologic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC) Staging and Grading in Iranian Population. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Fallahinejad Ghajari M, Moshref M, Taghipour E. Maxilla unilateral swelling as the first diagnostic symptom of acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse: a case report. J Dent (Tehran) 2011; 8:44-47. [PMID: 21998807 PMCID: PMC3184727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent hematological malignant tumor during childhood. Unilateral infiltration into the gums is less prevalent and more often observed in the AML type.A 12-year-old girl with symptoms of pain and swelling in the buccal vestibule and also at the posterior part of the right palate of the maxilla was referred to a private dental office. The patient had been inflicted by ALL and had undergone complete chemotherapy. A week prior to her admittance into the hospital, the workup of the patient's blood revealed her recovery. The clinical and radiographic evidence did not show any dental problems. The histological examinations on the patient's jaw revealed the correct diagnosis of ALL and the patient underwent chemotherapy for the second time.This case has been reported to point out that intraoral unilateral swelling of the upper jaw may be propounded as the primary diagnostic symptom of ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fallahinejad Ghajari
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Moshref
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Taghipour
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moshref M, Jamilian A, Lotfi A, Showkatbakhsh R. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with a Dental Implant - a case report and literature review. J Clin Exp Dent 2011. [DOI: 10.4317/jced.3.e166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Toomarian L, Moshref M, Mirkarimi M, Lotfi A, Beheshti M. Radicular cyst associated with a primary first molar: A case report. J Dent (Tehran) 2011; 8:213-7. [PMID: 22509461 PMCID: PMC3320757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Radicular cysts arising from deciduous teeth are rare. This report presents a case of radicular cyst associated with a primary molar following pulp therapy and discusses the relationship between pulp therapy and the rapid growth of the cyst. The treatment consisted of enucleation of the cyst sac and extraction of the involved primary teeth and 20 months follow up of the patient. Early diagnosis of the lesion would have lead to a less aggressive treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Toomarian
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Corresponding author: L. Toomarian, Assosiate Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - M. Moshref
- Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Mirkarimi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - A. Lotfi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pacheco P, Sierra J, Schmeda-Hirschmann G, Potter CW, Jones BM, Moshref M. Antiviral activity of chilean medicinal plant extracts. Phytother Res 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2650070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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