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Homa J, Stachowiak W, Olejniczak A, Chrzanowski Ł, Niemczak M. Ecotoxicity studies reveal that organic cations in dicamba-derived ionic liquids can pose a greater environmental risk than the herbicide itself. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171062. [PMID: 38401717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The following research provides novel and relevant insights into potential environmental consequences of combination of various organic cations with commercial systemic herbicide (dicamba), in accordance with a 'herbicidal ionic liquids' (HILs) strategy. Toxicity assays of five dicamba-based HILs comprising different hydrophobic and hydrophilic cations, namely choline [CHOL][DIC], ethyl betainate [BETC2][DIC], decyl betainate [BETC10][DIC], hexadecyl betainate [BETC16][DIC] and didecyldimethylammonium [DDA][DIC]), have been tested towards bacteria (Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis), algae (Chlorella vulgaris), fresh and marine water crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Artemia franciscana). The structure of respective substituents in the cation emerged as a decisive determinant of toxicity in the case of tested species. In consequence, small ions of natural origin ([CHOL] and [BETC2]) demonstrated toxicity numerous orders of magnitude lower compared to fully synthetic [DDA]. These results emphasize the role of cations' hydrophobicity, as well as origin, in the observed acute toxic effect. Time-dependent toxicity assays also indicated that betaine-type cations comprising an ester bond can rapidly transform into less harmful substances, which can generally result in a reduction in toxicity by even several orders of magnitude. Nonetheless, these findings challenge the concept of ionic liquids with herbicidal activity and give apparent parallels to adjuvant-dependent toxicity issues recently noted in typical herbicidal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Adriana Olejniczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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2
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Lisiecka N, Ciesielski T, Sopata O, Parus A, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Simpson M, Frankowski R, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Kloziński A, Siwińska-Ciesielczyk K, Klapiszewski Ł, Niemczak M, Owsianiak M, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. Sorption of ionic liquids in soil enriched with polystyrene microplastic reveals independent behavior of cations and anions. Chemosphere 2023; 341:139927. [PMID: 37633614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been focused on the application of the Ionic Liquids (ILs) with herbicidal activity in agriculture. It has been suggested that through the appropriate selection of cations and anions, one can adjust the properties of ILs, particularly the hydrophobicity, solubility, bioavailability, toxicity. In practical agricultural conditions, it will be beneficial to reduce the mobility of herbicidal anions, such as the commonly applied 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [2,4-D] in the soil. Furthermore, microplastics are becoming increasingly prevalent in the soil, potentially stimulating herbicidal sorption. Therefore, we investigated whether cations in ILs influence the mobility of anions in OECD soil supplemented with polystyrene microplastic (PS). For this purpose, we used the 2,4-D based ILs consisting of: a hydrophilic choline cation [Chol][2,4-D] and a hydrophobic choline cation with a C12chain [C12Chol][2,4-D]. Characterization of selected micropolystyrene was carried out using the BET sorption-desorption isotherm, particle size distribution and changes in soil sorption parameters such as soil sorption capacity and cation exchange capacity. Based on the batch sorption experiment, the effect of microplastic on the sorption of individual cations and anions in soil contaminated with micropolystyrene was evaluated. The results obtained indicate that the introduction of a 1-10% (w/w) PS resulted in an 18-23% increase of the soil sorption capacity. However, the sorption of both ILs' cations increased only by 3-5%. No sorption of the [2,4-D] anion was noted. This suggests that cations and anions forming ILs, behave independently of each other in the environment. The results indicate the fact that ILs upon introduction into the environment are not a new type of emerging contaminant, but rather a typical mixture of ions. It is worth noting that when analyzing the behavior of ILs in the environment, it is necessary to follow the fate of both cations and anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Lisiecka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ciesielski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Olga Sopata
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Parus
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Marta Woźniak-Karczewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Simpson
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Arkadiusz Kloziński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Klapiszewski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Owsianiak
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Environmental and Resources Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznań, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Wysokowski M, Luu RK, Arevalo S, Khare E, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M, Jesionowski T, Buehler MJ. Untapped Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Synthesis of Bioinspired Inorganic-Organic Materials. Chem Mater 2023; 35:7878-7903. [PMID: 37840775 PMCID: PMC10568971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in 2003, significant progress has been made in the field, specifically advancing aspects of their preparation and physicochemical characterization. Their low-cost and unique tailored properties are reasons for their growing importance as a sustainable medium for the resource-efficient processing and synthesis of advanced materials. In this paper, the significance of these designer solvents and their beneficial features, in particular with respect to biomimetic materials chemistry, is discussed. Finally, this article explores the unrealized potential and advantageous aspects of DESs, focusing on the development of biomineralization-inspired hybrid materials. It is anticipated that this article can stimulate new concepts and advances providing a reference for breaking down the multidisciplinary borders in the field of bioinspired materials chemistry, especially at the nexus of computation and experiment, and to develop a rigorous materials-by-design paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel K. Luu
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sofia Arevalo
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eesha Khare
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center
for Computational Science and Engineering, Schwarzman College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Niemczak M, Stachowiak W, Kaczmarek DK, Grzanka M, Sobiech Ł. A comprehensive study demonstrating the influence of the solvent composition on the phytotoxicity of compounds, as exemplified by 2,4-D-based ILs with a choline-type cation. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:3602-3610. [PMID: 37183344 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing concern for the protection of the environment and existing ecosystems has resulted in increasing consideration of phytotoxicity tests as valid ecotoxicological indicators of the potential hazards of the use of ionic liquids (ILs) or any other chemical. The objective of this study was to gain a detailed understanding of the influence of the solvent composition of spray solutions on the phytotoxic effect of foliar application of ionic pairs with weak (choline 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [Chol][2,4-D]), medium (N-hexylcholine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C6 Chol][2,4-D]) and good (N-dodecylcholine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, [C12 Chol][2,4-D]) surface-active properties. RESULTS Experimental results unambiguously demonstrated that the biological activity of the test salt solutions, particularly [Chol][2,4-D] and [C6 Chol][2,4-D], can be strongly affected by the addition of an organic solvent, such as methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) compared to solutions in pure water. However, the observed tendency is less pronounced for the compound exhibiting good surface activity, [C12 Chol][2,4-D]. CONCLUSIONS The collected findings show that caution is warranted in the exploitation or modification of methodologies for assessing phytotoxicity to ensure the reliable interpretation of obtained results for environmental risk assessment or building quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Monika Grzanka
- Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobiech
- Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Wysokowski M, Machałowski T, Idaszek J, Chlanda A, Jaroszewicz J, Heljak M, Niemczak M, Piasecki A, Gajewska M, Ehrlich H, Święszkowski W, Jesionowski T. Deep eutectic solvent-assisted fabrication of bioinspired 3D carbon-calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21971-21981. [PMID: 37483675 PMCID: PMC10358318 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02356g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a burgeoning field focused on repairing damaged tissues through the combination of bodily cells with highly porous scaffold biomaterials, which serve as templates for tissue regeneration, thus facilitating the growth of new tissue. Carbon materials, constituting an emerging class of superior materials, are currently experiencing remarkable scientific and technological advancements. Consequently, the development of novel 3D carbon-based composite materials has become significant for biomedicine. There is an urgent need for the development of hybrids that will combine the unique bioactivity of ceramics with the performance of carbonaceous materials. Considering these requirements, herein, we propose a straightforward method of producing a 3D carbon-based scaffold that resembles the structural features of spongin, even on the nanometric level of their hierarchical organization. The modification of spongin with calcium phosphate was achieved in a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride : urea, 1 : 2). The holistic characterization of the scaffolds confirms their remarkable structural features (i.e., porosity, connectivity), along with the biocompatibility of α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), rendering them a promising candidate for stem cell-based tissue-engineering. Culturing human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on the surface of the biomimetic scaffold further verifies its growth-facilitating properties, promoting the differentiation of these cells in the osteogenesis direction. ALP activity was significantly higher in osteogenic medium compared to proliferation, indicating the differentiation of hMSC towards osteoblasts. However, no significant difference between C and C-αTCP in the same medium type was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland
| | - Tomasz Machałowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland
| | - Joanna Idaszek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw 02-507 Poland
| | - Adrian Chlanda
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Flake Graphene Research Group 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw 02-507 Poland
| | - Marcin Heljak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw 02-507 Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology Piotrowo 3 61138 Poznan Poland
| | - Marta Gajewska
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Kraków Poland
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10 61-614 Poznan Poland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw 02-507 Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology Poznan 60-965 Poland
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Wilms W, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Niemczak M, Parus A, Frankowski R, Wolko Ł, Czarny J, Piotrowska-Cyplik A, Zgoła-Grześkowiak A, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. 2,4-D versus 2,4-D based ionic liquids: Effect of cation on herbicide biodegradation, tfdA genes abundance and microbiome changes during soil bioaugmentation. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131209. [PMID: 36940526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The commercial formulations of herbicides rely on surfactants which increase the efficiency of active substance. Herbicidal ionic liquids (ILs), in which cationic surfactants are combined with herbicidal anions, allow for additives' reduction and ensure very good herbicide performance with lower doses. We aimed to test the impact of synthetic and natural cations on biological degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Although primary biodegradation was high, the mineralization in agricultural soil indicated incomplete conversion of ILs to CO2. Even the introduction of naturally-derived cations resulted in an increase in the herbicide's half-lives - from 32 days for [Na][2,4-D] to 120 days for [Chol][2,4-D] and 300 days for the synthetic tetramethylammonium derivative [TMA][2,4-D]. Bioaugmentation with 2,4-D-degrading strains improves the herbicides' degradation, which was reflected by higher abundance of tfdA genes. Microbial community analysis confirmed that hydrophobic cationic surfactants, even those based on natural compounds, played a negative role on microbial biodiversity. Our study provides a valuable indication for further research related to the production of a new generation of environmentally friendly compounds. Moreover, the results shed a new light on the ionic liquids as independent mixtures of ions in the environment, as opposed to treating them as new type of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Wilms
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Parus
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Robert Frankowski
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wolko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Czarny
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Wilms W, Parus A, Homa J, Batycka M, Niemczak M, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Trzebny A, Dabert M, Táncsics A, Cajthaml T, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. Glyphosate versus glyphosate based ionic liquids: Effect of cation on glyphosate biodegradation, soxA and phnJ genes abundance and microbial populations changes during soil bioaugmentation. Chemosphere 2023; 316:137717. [PMID: 36610512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) as an alternative form of herbicides is currently evaluated. Yet, the available research is lacking information on the behaviour of herbicidal ionic liquids upon addition to the environment, i.e., if cations and anions act as separate moieties or remain an ionic salt. Hence, we tested degradation of five HILs with the glyphosate anion, their bioavailability in soil, toxicity towards microorganisms, impact on the biodiversity and the abundance of phnJ and soxA genes. The cations were proven to be slightly or moderately toxic. The properties of cations determined the properties of the whole formulation, which might suggest that cations and anion act as the independent mixture of ions. The mineralisation efficiencies were in the range of 15-53%; however, in the case of cations (except non-toxic choline), only 13-20% were bioavailable for degradation. The hydrophobic cations were proven to be highly sorbed, while the anion was readily available for microbial degradation regardless of its counterion. The approach to enrich test samples with isolated microorganisms specialised in glyphosate degradation resulted in higher degradation efficiencies, yet not high enough to mitigate the negative impact of cations. In addition, increased activity of enzymes participating in glyphosate degradation was observed. In the view of obtained results, the use of cationic surfactants in HILs structure is not recommended, as sorption was shown to be determining factor in HILs degradation efficiency. Moreover, obtained results indicate that corresponding ions in HILs might act as separate moieties in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Wilms
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Parus
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jan Homa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Milena Batycka
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Artur Trzebny
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mirosława Dabert
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - András Táncsics
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter K. u. 1., 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hermann J Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Nowacka A, Olejniczak A, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M. Comprehensive Ecotoxicity Studies on Quaternary Ammonium Salts Synthesized from Vitamin B 3 Supported by QSAR Calculations. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:914. [PMID: 36840262 PMCID: PMC9960687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lately, ionic forms (namely, quaternary ammonium salts, QASs) of nicotinamide, widely known as vitamin B3, are gaining popularity in the sectors developing novel pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. However, the direct influence of these unique QASs on the development of various terrestrial plants, as well as other organisms, remains unknown. Therefore, three compounds comprising short, medium, and long alkyl chains in N-alkylnicotinamide were selected for phytotoxicity analyses, which were conducted on representative dicotyledonous (white mustard) and monocotyledonous (sorghum) plants. The study allowed the determination of the impact of compounds on the germination capacity as well as on the development of roots and stems of the tested plants. Interestingly, independently of the length of the alkyl chain or plant species, all QASs were established as non-phytotoxic. In addition, QSAR simulations, performed using the EPI Suite™ program pack, allowed the determination of the products' potential toxicity toward fish, green algae, and daphnids along with the susceptibility to biodegradation. The obtained nicotinamide derivative with the shortest chain (butyl) can be considered practically non-toxic according to GHS criteria, whereas salts with medium (decyl) and longest (hexadecyl) substituent were included in the 'acute II' toxicity class. These findings were supported by the results of the toxicity tests performed on the model aquatic plant Lemna minor. It should be stressed that all synthesized salts exhibit not only a lack of potential for bioaccumulation but also lower toxicity than their fully synthetic analogs.
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Olejniczak A, Stachowiak W, Rzemieniecki T, Niemczak M. Adjustment of the Structure of the Simplest Amino Acid Present in Nature-Glycine, toward More Environmentally Friendly Ionic Forms of Phenoxypropionate-Based Herbicides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021360. [PMID: 36674875 PMCID: PMC9863448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of chemicals for various purposes in agriculture has numerous consequences, such as the contamination of ecosystems. Thus, nowadays it is perceived that their development should adhere to the principles of green chemistry elaborated by Paul Anastas. Consequently, to create more environment-friendly herbicides, we elaborated a 'green' synthesis method of a series of ionic liquids (ILs) containing cations derived from glycine. The appropriately modified cations were combined with an anion from the group of phenoxy acids, commonly known as 2,4-DP. The products were obtained with high yields, and subsequently, their properties, such as density, viscosity and solubility, were thoroughly examined to elucidate existing structure-property relationships. All ILs were liquids at room temperature, which enabled the elimination of some serious issues associated with solid active forms, such as the polymorphism or precipitation of an active ingredient from spray solution. Additionally, the synthesized compounds were tested under greenhouse conditions, which allowed an assessment of their effectiveness in regulating the growth of oilseed rape, selected as a model dicotyledonous plant. The product comprising a dodecyl chain exhibited the greatest reduction in the fresh weight of plants, significantly surpassing not only a commercially used reference herbicide but also the potassium salt of 2,4-DP.
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10
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Parus A, Zdebelak O, Ciesielski T, Szumski R, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Framski G, Baranowski D, Niemczak M, Zembrzuska J, Cajthaml T, Heipieper HJ, Chrzanowski Ł. Can ionic liquids exist in the soil environment? Effect of quaternary ammonium cations on glyphosate sorption, mobility and toxicity in the selected herbicidal ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Stachowiak W, Smolibowski M, Kaczmarek DK, Rzemieniecki T, Niemczak M. Toward revealing the role of the cation in the phytotoxicity of the betaine-based esterquats comprising dicamba herbicide. Sci Total Environ 2022; 845:157181. [PMID: 35817095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two homologous series of esterquats comprising alkyl (from ethyl to octadecyl) betainate cations and bromide as well as dicamba anions were successfully synthesized, starting from a renewable raw material - glycine betaine. Due to the favorable octanol-water partition coefficient and utilization of biodegradable cations of natural origin, synthesized esterquats can be considered promising alternatives to currently applied dicamba-based formulations. In addition, the obtained results allowed us to verify whether the organic cations in quaternary ammonium salts containing herbicidally active anions (such as dicamba) play the role of biologically inactive adjuvants that only enhance the efficiency of the active ingredient or if they simultaneously exhibit a significant degree of phytotoxicity. Analysis of the influence of alkyl betainate esterquats containing nonherbicidal (bromide) anions on seedlings of white mustard revealed that alkyl betainate cations promote the germination of white mustard seeds; however, the subsequent growth of the seedlings was significantly inhibited. Further studies performed on white mustard and cornflower plants in a stage of 4-6 leaves allowed us to conclude that in the case of sensitive plants, the high phytotoxicity can be attributed to the presence of the dicamba anion, whereas for more resistant plants the additional influence of the cation on the phytotoxic effect is visible. Esterquats comprising a dodecyl substituent or longer had high surface active properties. Nonetheless, their contact angle values were not correlated with phytotoxicity data, indicating an additional influence of the cation on this stage of plant development. Interestingly, subsequent dose-response experiments conducted for two selected dicamba-based products confirmed that the greatest phytotoxicity was expressed by compounds containing a decyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Stachowiak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Smolibowski
- Faculty of Computing and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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12
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Stachowiak W, Kaczmarek DK, Rzemieniecki T, Niemczak M. Sustainable Design of New Ionic Forms of Vitamin B 3 and Their Utilization as Plant Protection Agents. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:8222-8232. [PMID: 35767421 PMCID: PMC9284545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utilization of naturally occurring nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in the sustainable synthesis of organic salts with application potential as environmentally friendly agrochemicals. The designed ionic pairs, obtained with high yields, consisted of N-alkylnicotinamide cation and commercially available herbicidal anions: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate (MCPA). The study confirmed the strong influence of the length of alkyl chain in products on the physicochemical properties as well as the development of cornflower and oil-seed rape. The majority of tested salts showed significantly better herbicidal activity (by approx. 30-50%) compared to the reference herbicide. Furthermore, N-hexadecylnicotinamide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate was significantly more effective than the commercial formulation in the dose-response test. Their negligible vaporization, multiple times lower than that of commonly used dimethylammonium salts, eliminates one of the greatest threats of currently applied plant protection agents. Additionally, the risk of product migration or bioaccumulation in the environment was assessed as extremely low.
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13
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Wysokowski M, Nowacki K, Jaworski F, Niemczak M, Bartczak P, Sandomierski M, Piasecki A, Galiński M, Jesionowski T. Ionic liquid-assisted synthesis of chitin-ethylene glycol hydrogels as electrolyte membranes for sustainable electrochemical capacitors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8861. [PMID: 35614197 PMCID: PMC9132938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chitin–ethylene glycol hybrid gel was prepared as a hydrogel electrolyte for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [Bmim][Ac] as a chitin solvent. Examination of the morphology and topography of the chitin–EG membrane showed a homogeneous and smooth surface, while the thickness of the membrane obtained was 27 µm. The electrochemical performance of the chitin–EG hydrogel electrolyte was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. The specific capacitance value of the EDLC with chitin–EG hydrogel electrolyte was found to be 109 F g−1 in a potential range from 0 to 0.8 V. The tested hydrogel material was electrochemically stable and did not decompose even after 10,000 GCD cycles. Additionally, the EDLC test cell with chitin–EG hydrogel as electrolyte exhibited superior capacitance retention after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles compared with a commercial glass fiber membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Nowacki
- Institute of Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Filip Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Bartczak
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sandomierski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Piasecki
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61138, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Galiński
- Institute of Chemistry and Applied Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965, Poznan, Poland
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14
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Pernak J, Niemczak M, Rzemieniecki T, Marcinkowska K, Praczyk T. Dicationic Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising Two Active Ingredients Exhibiting Different Modes of Action. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2545-2553. [PMID: 35170944 PMCID: PMC8895401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of this study, dicationic herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) containing tetramethylene-1,4-bis(decyldimethylammonium) and dodecylmethylene-1,12-bis(decyldimethylammonium), including two different herbicidal anions exhibiting different modes of action, were synthesized and characterized. One herbicide incorporated into the HILs was a tribenuron-methyl belonging to ALS inhibitors, while the second herbicidal anion was a synthetic auxin that acts as a growth regulator, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D), 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionate, (2,4-DP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4,5-T), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetiate (MCPA), 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionate (MCPP), and 4-chlorophenoxyacetate (4-CPA). The obtained products were found to be unstable and decomposed, which can be attributed to the presence of an additional methyl group within the sulfonylurea bridge of the tribenuron-methyl. The synthesized HILs exhibited good affinity with polar and semipolar solvents, with ethyl acetate and hexane as the only solvents that did not dissolve the HILs. Greenhouse tests demonstrated that most of the obtained HILs were more effective than the reference herbicide containing tribenuron-methyl. The length of the alkyl chain in the cation also influenced the effectiveness of the HILs. Better effects were observed for dodecylmethylene-1,12-bis(decyldimethylammonium) cations compared to tetramethylene-1,4-bis(decyldimethylammonium). Therefore, the novel dicatonic HILs showed to integrate the advent of the combination of the different herbicides into a single molecule, enhance herbicidal efficacy, and reduce the risk of weed resistance due to the various modes of action of the applied treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
- . Tel: 00148-61-6653682
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute
of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Poznan 60-318, Poland
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15
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Stachowiak W, Szumski R, Homa J, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Parus A, Strzemiecka B, Chrzanowski Ł, Niemczak M. Transformation of Iodosulfuron-Methyl into Ionic Liquids Enables Elimination of Additional Surfactants in Commercial Formulations of Sulfonylureas. Molecules 2021; 26:4396. [PMID: 34361550 PMCID: PMC8348827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient use of herbicides for plant protection requires the application of auxiliary substances such as surfactants, stabilizers, wetting or anti-foaming agents, and absorption enhancers, which can be more problematic for environment than the herbicides themselves. We hypothesized that the combination of sulfonylurea (iodosulfuron-methyl) anion with inexpensive, commercially available quaternary tetraalkylammonium cations could lead to biologically active ionic liquids (ILs) that could become a convenient and environment-friendly alternative to adjuvants. A simple one-step synthesis allowed for synthesizing iodosulfuron-methyl based ILs with high yields ranging from 88 to 96% as confirmed by UV, FTIR, and NMR. The obtained ILs were found to possess several favorable properties compared to the currently used sodium salt iodosulfuron-methyl, such as adjustable hydrophobicity (octanol-water partition coefficient) and enhanced stability in aqueous solutions, which was supported by molecular calculations showing cation-anion interaction energies. In addition, soil mobility and volatility of ILs were more beneficial compared to the parental herbicide. Herbicidal activity tests toward oil-seed rape and cornflower revealed that ILs comprising at least one alkyl chain in the decyl to octadecyl range had similar or better efficacy compared to the commercial preparation without addition of any adjuvant. Furthermore, results of antimicrobial activity indicated that they were practically harmless or slightly toxic toward model soil microorganisms such as Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (W.S.); (R.S.); (J.H.); (M.W.-K.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (M.N.)
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16
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Rębiś T, Niemczak M, Płócienniczak P, Pernak J, Milczarek G. Voltammetric sensor based on long alkyl chain tetraalkylammonium ionic liquids comprising ascorbate anion for determination of nitrite. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:54. [PMID: 33501519 PMCID: PMC7838138 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical sensor was fabricated utilizing ionic liquids possessing cations with long alkyl chains such as trimethyl octadecylammonium and behenyl trimethylammonium and ascorbate anion. The ionic liquids were drop-coated onto the electrode. Thin modifying layers were prepared. Cyclic voltammetric investigations revealed electrostatic interactions between the electrochemical probes and the modified surface, proving that a positive charge was established at the film surface. Hence, negatively charged species such as nitrite can be pre-concentrated on the surface of presented modified electrodes. The fabricated electrodes have been used as a voltammetric sensor for nitrite. Due to the electrostatic accumulation properties of long alkyl cation, the assay exhibits a remarkable improvement in the voltammetric response toward nitrite oxidation. The influence of pH on the electrode response was thoroughly investigated, and the mechanism of the electrode was established. The developed sensor showed a linear electrochemical response in the range 1.0–50 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. The electrode revealed good storage stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference ability. The determination of nitrite performed in curing salts brought satisfactory results. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rębiś
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Płócienniczak
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Milczarek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965, Poznan, Poland
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17
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Niemczak M, Sobiech Ł, Grzanka M. Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Based Herbicidal Ionic Liquids Comprising Alkyl Betainate Cation as Novel Active Ingredients with Reduced Environmental Impact and Excellent Efficacy. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13661-13671. [PMID: 33170680 PMCID: PMC7705962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new family of bio-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) has been synthesized starting from the renewable resource glycine betaine (a derivative of natural amino acids). After esterification, the obtained alkyl betainate bromides containing straight alkyl chains varying from ethyl to octadecyl were combined with a herbicidal anion from the sulfonylurea group (iodosulfuron-methyl). The melting points of the iodosulfuron-methyl-based salts were in a range from 51 to 99 °C, which allows their classification as ionic liquids (ILs). In addition, the new HILs exhibited good affinity for polar and semipolar organic solvents, such as DMSO, methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, and chloroform, while the presence of bulky organic cations reduced their solubility in water. The synthesized products turned out to be stable during storage at 25 °C for over 6 months; however, at 75 °C they underwent fast, progressive degradation and released volatile byproducts. The values of the logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient of ILs with alkyls longer than hexyl occurred in the "safe zone" (between 0 and 3); hence, the risk of their migration into groundwater after application or the possibility of their bioaccumulation in the environment is lower in comparison with the currently available commercial form (iodosulfuron-methyl sodium salt). Greenhouse studies confirmed a very high herbicidal efficacy for the obtained salts toward tested plants of oilseed rape, indicating that they may become an attractive replacement for the currently available sulfonylurea-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Niemczak
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobiech
- Department
of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan 60-637, Poland
| | - Monika Grzanka
- Department
of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan 60-637, Poland
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18
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Praczyk M, Wielgusz K, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M, Pernak J. Synthesis and efficacy of herbicidal ionic liquids with chlorsulfuron as the anion. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn the framework of this research, four new herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) comprising chlorsulfuron as the anion were synthesized and characterized. The new salts with chlorsulfuron contained the following cations: tetramethylammonium, didecyldimethylammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium and cholinium. All products were obtained with high yields exceeding 90% via acid–base reaction or ion exchange reaction, by the use of environment-friendly solvents. The structures of all synthesized HILs were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analyses. Their efficacy against weeds has been studied under field conditions in fiber flax. All HILs showed herbicidal activity but efficiency was highly dependent on the type of cation and weed species. There were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of HILs toward common lambsquarters compared to the reference herbicide, except for salt with cholinium cation that showed significantly lower efficiency. As regards barnyard grass control, all HILs exhibited significantly lower efficacy than that of the reference herbicide, except for didecyldimethylammonium salt that showed similar activity. The synthesized products did not cause damage to flax plants. The obtained results confirmed that the herbicidal effectiveness of the active ingredient (chlorsulfuron) in the form of an ionic liquid can be adjusted by the selection of an appropriate cation in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Praczyk
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71 B, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wielgusz
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71 B, Poznan, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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19
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Wilms W, Woźniak-Karczewska M, Syguda A, Niemczak M, Ławniczak Ł, Pernak J, Rogers RD, Chrzanowski Ł. Herbicidal Ionic Liquids: A Promising Future for Old Herbicides? Review on Synthesis, Toxicity, Biodegradation, and Efficacy Studies. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:10456-10488. [PMID: 32786821 PMCID: PMC7530898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of agrochemicals into herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) has been suggested as a solution to problems associated with commercial forms of herbicides. The aim of this review was to summarize the latest progress in the field of HILs, including their synthesis as well as physicochemical and biological properties, and to address the areas that require further research in order to ensure their safe commercialization (e.g., data regarding biodegradability, toxicity, and environmental fate). The first part of the review provides an in-depth summary of the current state of knowledge regarding HILs, particularly the anions and cations used for their synthesis. The second part highlights the employed synthesis methods and elucidates their respective advantages and limitations. The third section is focused on the characterization of HILs with emphasis on the methods and factors that are significant in terms of their practical application. Subsequently, the issues associated with the biodegradation and toxic effects of HILs are discussed based on the relevant literature reports. All sections include comprehensively tabulated data in order to enable rapid comparison of utilized approaches. Finally, all the findings are critically analyzed in terms of crucial disadvantages (especially the lack of standardization), which allowed us to establish future recommendations and basic guidelines that are presented in the last section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Wilms
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | | | - Anna Syguda
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Robin D. Rogers
- 525
Solutions, Inc., PO Box 2206, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35403, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department
of Chemical Technology, Poznan University
of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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20
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Pernak J, Kaczmarek DK, Rzemieniecki T, Niemczak M, Chrzanowski Ł, Praczyk T. Dicamba-Based Herbicides: Herbicidal Ionic Liquids versus Commercial Forms. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4588-4594. [PMID: 32243143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dicamba is a widely applied herbicide for crop protection and has potential for volatility. New formulations containing dicamba with greatly reduced volatility, introduced to the market in 2017, still caused foliar injury to crops and other plants in Arkansas and neighboring states in the United States. In response, we proposed the transformation of dicamba into protic as well as aprotic dicamba-based organic salts called herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs). All of the HILs were characterized by high stability, whereas the biological activity of the most effective products, evaluated during greenhouse studies, was found to be greater than that of currently used commercial analogues. Furthermore, the possibility of introducing an alkyl chain of a specific length allows one to obtain plant protection products with the desired physicochemical properties while maintaining herbicidal effectiveness. These studies are expected to aid in the design and development of new herbicidal formulations, which, depending on the weed species, could increase the efficacy of the applied active ingredient. Simultaneously, the volatility of the synthesized compounds, particularly those containing quaternary ammonium cations, was multiple times lower than that of the free acid of dicamba. This strategy minimizes the risk of off-site movement via volatilization, which may cause significant damage to neighboring broadleaf crops and pose a threat to existing ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Damian K Kaczmarek
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute, Wegorka 20, Poznan 60-101, Poland
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21
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Stachowiak W, Rzemieniecki T, Klejdysz T, Pernak J, Niemczak M. “Sweet” ionic liquids comprising the acesulfame anion – synthesis, physicochemical properties and antifeedant activity towards stored product insects. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06005g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized “sweet” ionic liquids comprising acesulfame anion proved to be effective antifeedants with designer physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Stachowiak
- Poznan University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Poznan University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Tomasz Klejdysz
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute
- 60-318 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Poznan University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Poznan University of Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
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22
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Niemczak M, Rzemieniecki T, Biedziak A, Marcinkowska K, Pernak J. Synthesis and Structure-Property Relationships in Herbicidal Ionic Liquids and their Double Salts. Chempluschem 2018; 83:529-541. [PMID: 31950654 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two homologous series of novel herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) were synthesized in a simple metathesis reaction between alkyl[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium bromides and alkali metal salts of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) or 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba), known as popular herbicides from the class of growth regulators. These HILs were subsequently mixed to prepare double-salt herbicidal ionic liquids (DSHILs). The DSHILs were characterized by substantially altered parameters of viscosity, refractive index, glass transition temperatures and surface activity compared to the average values expected for ideal mixtures of their individual components (HILs). Interestingly, DSHILs possessed superior physicochemical properties such as relatively low viscosity or facilitated formation of micelles, which emphasizes the complex nature of multi-ion interactions in the microstructures of ionic liquid mixtures. The biological tests showed improved efficiency of DSHILs against tested weeds compared to the reference herbicides and parent HILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Biedziak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcinkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Węgorka 20, Poznan, 60-318, Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, 60-965, Poland
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Pęziak-Kowalska D, Fourcade F, Niemczak M, Amrane A, Chrzanowski Ł, Lota G. Removal of herbicidal ionic liquids by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes combined with biological treatment. Environ Technol 2017; 38:1093-1099. [PMID: 27553250 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1217941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently a new group of ionic liquids (ILs) with herbicidal properties has been proposed for use in agriculture. Owing to the design of specific physicochemical properties, this group, referred to as herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs), allows for reducing herbicide field doses. Several ILs comprising phenoxy herbicides as anions and quaternary ammonium cations have been synthesized and tested under greenhouse and field conditions. However, since they are to be introduced into the environment, appropriate treatment technologies should be developed in order to ensure their proper removal and avoid possible contamination. In this study, didecyldimethylammonium (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetate was selected as a model HIL to evaluate the efficiency of a hybrid treatment method. Electrochemical oxidation or electro-Fenton was considered as a pretreatment step, whereas biodegradation was selected as the secondary treatment method. Both processes were carried out in current mode, at 10 mA with carbon felt as working electrode. The efficiency of degradation, oxidation and mineralization was evaluated after 6 h. Both processes decreased the total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values and increased the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) on the COD ratio to a value close to 0.4, showing that the electrolyzed solutions can be considered as 'readily biodegradable.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pęziak-Kowalska
- a Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry , Poznan , Poland
| | - Florence Fourcade
- b Université Rennes 1/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226 , Rennes , France
| | - Michał Niemczak
- c Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan , Poland
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- b Université Rennes 1/Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226 , Rennes , France
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- c Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering , Poznan , Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lota
- a Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry , Poznan , Poland
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Pernak J, Giszter R, Biedziak A, Niemczak M, Olszewski R, Marcinkowska K, Praczyk T. Alkyl(C 16, C 18, C 22)trimethylammonium-Based Herbicidal Ionic Liquids. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:260-269. [PMID: 27997185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of this study a synthesis methodology and characterization of long alkyl herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) based on four commonly used herbicides (2,4-D, MCPA, MCPP, and dicamba) are presented. New HILs were obtained with high efficiency (>95%) using an acid-base reaction between herbicidal acids and hexadecyltrimethylammonium, octadecyltrimethylammonium, and behenyltrimethylammonium hydroxides in alcoholic medium. Among all synthesized salts, only three compounds comprising the MCPP anion were liquids at room temperature. Subsequently, the influence of both the alkyl chain length and the anion structure on their physicochemical properties (thermal decomposition profiles, solubility in 10 representative solvents, surface activity, density, viscosity, and refractive index) was determined. All HILs exhibited high thermal stability as well as surface activity; however, their solubility notably depended on both the length of the carbon chain and the structure of the anion. The herbicidal efficacy of the obtained salts was tested in greenhouse and field experiments. Greenhouse testing performed on common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and flixweed (Descurainia sophia L.) as test plants indicated that HILs were characterized by similar or higher efficacy compared to commercial herbicides. The results of field trials confirmed the high activity of HILs, particularly those containing phenoxyacids as anions (MCPA, 2,4-D, and MCPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology , Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Rafał Giszter
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology , Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Biedziak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology , Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology , Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | | | | | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute , Poznan 60-318, Poland
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Abstract
Herbicidal ionic liquids derived from alkylbetaines proved to be biodegradable, thermally stable and highly effective anti-weed agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- Poznan 60-965
- Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- Poznan 60-965
- Poland
| | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute
- Poznan 60-318
- Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- Poznan 60-965
- Poland
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Pernak J, Niemczak M, Chrzanowski Ł, Ławniczak Ł, Fochtman P, Marcinkowska K, Praczyk T. Frontispiece: Betaine and Carnitine Derivatives as Herbicidal Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201683462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Przemysław Fochtman
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna; Doświadczalna 27 43-200 Pszczyna Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcinkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection; National Research Institute; Węgorka 20. 60-318 Poznan Poland
| | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection; National Research Institute; Węgorka 20. 60-318 Poznan Poland
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Pernak J, Niemczak M, Chrzanowski Ł, Ławniczak Ł, Fochtman P, Marcinkowska K, Praczyk T. Betaine and Carnitine Derivatives as Herbicidal Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2016; 22:12012-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Department of Chemical Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Berdychowo 4 60-965 Poznan Poland
| | - Przemysław Fochtman
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna; Doświadczalna 27 43-200 Pszczyna Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcinkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection; National Research Institute; Węgorka 20. 60-318 Poznan Poland
| | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection; National Research Institute; Węgorka 20. 60-318 Poznan Poland
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Pernak J, Niemczak M, Materna K, Żelechowski K, Marcinkowska K, Praczyk T. Synthesis, properties and evaluation of biological activity of herbicidal ionic liquids with 4-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)butanoate anion. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra23997d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, fourteen new herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) based on MCPB with a 1-alkyl-1-methylpiperidinium cation were synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Materna
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | | | | | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute
- 60-318 Poznan
- Poland
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Pernak J, Niemczak M, Shamshina JL, Gurau G, Głowacki G, Praczyk T, Marcinkowska K, Rogers RD. Metsulfuron-methyl-based herbicidal ionic liquids. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:3357-66. [PMID: 25734891 DOI: 10.1021/jf505782p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ten sulfonylurea-based herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) were prepared by combining the metsulfuron-methyl anion with various cation types including quaternary ammonium ([bis(2-hydroxyethyl)methyloleylammonium](+), [2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium](+)), pyridinium ([1-dodecylpyridinium](+)), piperidinium ([1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium](+)), imidazolium ([1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium](+), [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium](+)), pyrrolidinium ([1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium](+)), morpholinium ([4-decyl-4-methylmorpholinium](+)), and phosphonium ([trihexyltetradecylphosphonium](+) and [tetrabutylphosphonium](+)). Their herbicidal efficacy was studied in both greenhouse tests and field trials. Preliminary results for the greenhouse tests showed at least twice the activity for all HILs when compared to the activity of commercial Galmet 20 SG, with HILs with phosphonium cations being the most effective. The results of two-year field studies showed significantly less enhancement of activity than observed in the greenhouse; nonetheless, it was found that the herbicidal efficacy was higher than that of the commercial analog, and efficacy varied depending on the plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- †Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- †Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Julia L Shamshina
- ‡Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- §525 Solutions, Incorporated, 720 Second Street, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Gabriela Gurau
- ‡Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
- §525 Solutions, Incorporated, 720 Second Street, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Grzegorz Głowacki
- ∥Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Poznan 60-318, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- ∥Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute, Poznan 60-318, Poland
| | | | - Robin D Rogers
- ‡Center for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Abstract
The method of synthesis of the novel bis(ammonium) herbicidal ionic liquids with the cation containing two quaternary nitrogen atoms was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - R. Giszter
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - K. Czerniak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - K. Marcinkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute
- 60-318 Poznan
- Poland
| | - F. Walkiewicz
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
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Pernak J, Czerniak K, Niemczak M, Chrzanowski Ł, Ławniczak Ł, Fochtman P, Marcinkowska K, Praczyk T. Herbicidal ionic liquids based on esterquats. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs) are candidates for novel, efficient and environmentally friendly plant protection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Kamil Czerniak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Łukasz Ławniczak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Przemysław Fochtman
- Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry Branch Pszczyna
- Pszczyna 43-200
- Poland
| | | | - Tadeusz Praczyk
- Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute
- Poznan 60-318
- Poland
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Abstract
1-Methyl-3-phenylisoquinoline derivatives were synthesized with high efficiency from oximesviaBeckmann rearrangement, isomerization and condensation, all promoted by polyphosphate ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Niemczak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Kamil Czerniak
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
| | - Tomasz Kopczyński
- Department of Chemical Technology
- Poznan University of Technology
- 60-965 Poznan
- Poland
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