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Homa J, Stachowiak W, Olejniczak A, Chrzanowski Ł, Niemczak M. Ecotoxicity studies reveal that organic cations in dicamba-derived ionic liquids can pose a greater environmental risk than the herbicide itself. Sci Total Environ 2024; 922:171062. [PMID: 38401717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The following research provides novel and relevant insights into potential environmental consequences of combination of various organic cations with commercial systemic herbicide (dicamba), in accordance with a 'herbicidal ionic liquids' (HILs) strategy. Toxicity assays of five dicamba-based HILs comprising different hydrophobic and hydrophilic cations, namely choline [CHOL][DIC], ethyl betainate [BETC2][DIC], decyl betainate [BETC10][DIC], hexadecyl betainate [BETC16][DIC] and didecyldimethylammonium [DDA][DIC]), have been tested towards bacteria (Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis), algae (Chlorella vulgaris), fresh and marine water crustaceans (Daphnia magna, Artemia franciscana). The structure of respective substituents in the cation emerged as a decisive determinant of toxicity in the case of tested species. In consequence, small ions of natural origin ([CHOL] and [BETC2]) demonstrated toxicity numerous orders of magnitude lower compared to fully synthetic [DDA]. These results emphasize the role of cations' hydrophobicity, as well as origin, in the observed acute toxic effect. Time-dependent toxicity assays also indicated that betaine-type cations comprising an ester bond can rapidly transform into less harmful substances, which can generally result in a reduction in toxicity by even several orders of magnitude. Nonetheless, these findings challenge the concept of ionic liquids with herbicidal activity and give apparent parallels to adjuvant-dependent toxicity issues recently noted in typical herbicidal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homa
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Adriana Olejniczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chrzanowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland.
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2
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Wang Y, Zhou H, Fu Y, Wang Z, Gao Q, Yang D, Kang J, Chen L, An Z, Hammock BD, Zhang J, Huo J. Establishment of an indirect competitive immunoassay for the detection of dicamba based on a highly specific nanobody. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170567. [PMID: 38296098 PMCID: PMC10936929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Dicamba, a traditional highly effective and low toxicity herbicide, has gained new life with the development of dicamba-tolerant transgenic crops in recent years. However, dicamba is highly volatile and therefore easy to cause drift damage to sensitive crops. The development of efficient and sensitive detection methods is essential for monitoring of trace dicamba in the environment. Nanobody-based immunoassay plays an important role in on-site detection of pesticides. However, now rapid and sensitive immunoassay methods based on nanobody for dicamba detection were lacking. In this study, the nanobodies specifically recognizing dicamba were successfully obtained by immunising camels and phage display library construction, and then an indirect competitive immunoassay based on Nb-242 was constructed with IC50 of 0.93 μg/mL and a linear range of 0.11-8.01 μg/mL. Nb-242 had good specificity with no cross-reactivities against the dicamba analogs other than 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid and the developed immnoassay had a good correlation with the standard HPLC in the spike-recovery studies. Finally, the key amino acid Ala 123, Tyr 55, Tyr 59 and Arg 72 of Nb-242 that specifically recognizing and binding with dicamba were identified by homologous modeling and molecular docking, laying an important foundation for further structural modification of Nb-242. This study has important guiding significance for constructing immunoassay method of dicamba based on nanobody and provides a sensitive, specific, and reliable detection method that is suitable for the detection of dicamba in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Yining Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zhengzhong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Qingqing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Dongchen Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Jia Kang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Lai Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zexiu An
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
| | - Jinlin Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China.
| | - Jingqian Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, PR China.
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3
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Larose J, Bienvenu JF, Bélanger P, Gaudreau É, Yu Y, Guise DM. New sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 13 phenolic and carboxylic acid pesticide biomarkers in human urine, including dicamba. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140349. [PMID: 37827463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The commercialization in 2016 of genetically engineered seeds tolerant to dicamba and/or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has caused a rapid increase in the use of these herbicides. New questions about the reproductive and chronic health effects of long-term exposure to these herbicides have been raised. To assess exposure to dicamba and other pesticides of interest in the Heartland Study, a birth cohort study based in the United States, a new analytical method was needed. The present study describes the development and validation of this new solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method that detects simultaneously 13 pesticides or their metabolites in 250 μL of urine. More specifically, the method allows the analysis of dicamba, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), which are herbicides, of malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), para-nitrophenol (PNP), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), 2-diethylamino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ol (DEAMPY) and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (IMPY), which are metabolites of organophosphate insecticides, and finally of cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA), 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-F-3-PBA) and cis-3-(2,2-Dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA), which are metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids insecticides. The method was validated under ISO/IEC 17025 guidance. The limit of detection (LOD) in urine samples was 0.10 μg/L for dicamba, while the LOD for other analytes ranged between 0.0038 μg/L and 0.091 μg/L. Accuracy was evaluated by analyzing samples from two External Quality Assessment Schemes, namely G-EQUAS and OSEQAS. Preliminary results obtained following the analysis of 91 urine samples taken from pregnant women enrolled in the Heartland Study are presented here. This method is suitable for human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Larose
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Bienvenu
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Patrick Bélanger
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Éric Gaudreau
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Yunpeng Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David M Guise
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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4
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Docea AO, Cirstea AE, Cercelaru L, Drocas AI, Dinca V, Mesnage R, Marginean C, Radu A, Popa DG, Rogoveanu O, Mitrut R, Antoniou MN, Tsatsakis A, Hernández AF, Calina D. Effect of perinatal exposure to glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba on rat dam kidney and thyroid function and offspring's health. Environ Res 2023; 237:116908. [PMID: 37597833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of the herbicide mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D to deal with glyphosate-resistant weeds raises concerns regarding human health and environmental risks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of developmental exposure to glyphosate and a herbicide mixture containing glyphosate, dicamba and 2-4-D on rat dams' kidney and thyroid function and offspring's health. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed from day-6 of gestation till weaning to regulatory relevant doses of glyphosate corresponding to the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day), and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day), and to a mixture of glyphosate, dicamba and 2,4-D all at the EU ADI (0.5, 0.002 and 0.3 mg/kg bw/day) respectively. After weaning the dams were sacrificed and blood and organs were collected. The pups' health was assessed by measuring viability, gestational and anogenital indices. Perinatal exposure to GLY alone and the herbicide mixture resulted in anti-androgenic effects in male offspring. In dams, exposure to glyphosate resulted in kidney glomerular and tubular dysfunction as well as increased thyroid hormone levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, exposure to the herbicide mixture resulted in effects similar to those observed with glyphosate at the NOAEL, suggesting at least an additive effect of the herbicide mixture at doses individually considered safe for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Andrei Eugen Cirstea
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Liliana Cercelaru
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Drocas
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Viorica Dinca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cristina Marginean
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Antonia Radu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Dragos George Popa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Otilia Rogoveanu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Radu Mitrut
- Department of Cardiology, University and Emergency Hospital, 050098, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Nechalioti PM, Karampatzakis T, Mesnage R, Antoniou MN, Ibragim M, Tsatsakis A, Docea AO, Nepka C, Kouretas D. Evaluation of perinatal exposure of glyphosate and its mixture with 2,4-D and dicamba οn liver redox status in Wistar rats. Environ Res 2023; 228:115906. [PMID: 37062480 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Wide-scale emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has led to an increase in the simultaneous application of herbicide mixtures exacerbated by the introduction of crops tolerant to glyphosate plus dicamba or glyphosate plus 2,4-D. This raises serious concerns regarding the environmental and health risks resulting from increased exposure to a mixture of herbicide active ingredients. We evaluated hepatotoxic effects following perinatal exposure to glyphosate alone or in combination with 2,4-D and dicamba from gestational day-6 until adulthood in Wistar rats. Animals were administered with glyphosate at the European Union (EU) acceptable daily intake (ADI; 0.5 mg/kg bw/day) and no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL; 50 mg/kg bw/day). A mixture of glyphosate with 2,4-D (0.3 mg/kg bw/day) and dicamba (0.02 mg/kg bw/day) with each at their EU ADI was evaluated. Redox status was determined by measuring levels of reduced glutathione, decomposition rate of Η2Ο2, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity, thiobarbituric reactive substances, and protein carbonyls. Gene expression analysis of Nr1d1, Nr1d2, Clec2g, Ier3, and Gadd45g associated with oxidative damage to DNA, was also performed. Analysis of liver samples showed that exposure to the mixture of the three herbicides induced a marked increase in the concentration of glutathione and malondialdehyde indicative of a disturbance in redox balance. Nevertheless, the effect of increased lipid peroxidation was not discernible following a 3-month recuperation period where animals were withdrawn from pesticide exposure post-weaning. Interestingly, toxic effects caused by prenatal exposure to the glyphosate NOAEL were present after the same 3-month recovery period. No statistically significant changes in the expression of genes linked with genotoxicity were observed. Our findings reinforce the importance of assessing the combined effects of chemical pollutants at doses that are asserted by regulatory agencies to be safe individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi-Maria Nechalioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Thomas Karampatzakis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Robin Mesnage
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mariam Ibragim
- King's College London, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Ding C, Zeng G, Tao Y, Long X, Gong D, Zhou N, Zeng R, Liu X, Deng Y, Zhong ME. Environmental-friendly hydrochar-montmorillonite composite for efficient catalytic degradation of dicamba and alleviating its damage to crops. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:158917. [PMID: 36155028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, carbon-based materials catalyzing peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for green degradation of persistent organic pollutants have attracted increasing attention. However, PMS activation by hydrochar composite (e.g. hydrochar-montomorillonite) has rarely been investigated. Herein, a simple preparation, low-cost and eco-friendly catalyst of hydrochar-montmorillonite composite (HC-Mt) was prepared to firstly catalyze PMS for the degradation of dicamba (DIC). The as-prepared HC-Mt showed a remarkably better catalyzing performance for PMS than pure hydrochar (HC) due to its good physicochemical characteristics and abundant oxygen-containing groups. Furthermore, the electron spin resonance (ESR) and quenching tests revealed that active species such as SO4-, OH and O2- all participated in the degradation process. DIC sites on C6, Cl 10, and O15 exhibited higher reactivity according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, which were easily attacked by active species. The DIC degradation mainly occurred via hydroxyl substitution, decarboxylation, oxidation and ring-cleavage and finally most of the intermediates were mineralized into CO2 and H2O. Finally, the phytotoxicity assessment was measured by the germination growth situation of tobacco and mung beans in the presence of DIC (with or without treatment by HC-Mt/PMS). The result showed that HC-Mt/PMS could significantly reduce the phytotoxicity of DIC to crops, suggesting that catalyzing PMS using HC-Mt was environmentally friendly. Therefore, this work did not only provide a novel catalyzing PMS strategy using hydrochar composite for wastewater treatment, but also give a new idea for herbicide phytotoxicity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Guangyong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaping Tao
- College of Physics and Electronic Information & Henan Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Transformation and Detection, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xiuyu Long
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Daoxin Gong
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rongying Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yaocheng Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Mei-E Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Ozel CA, Unal F, Avuloglu-Yilmaz E, Erikel E, Mirici S, Yuzbasioglu D. Determination of genotoxic damages of picloram and dicamba with comet assay in Allium cepa rooted in tissue culture and distilled water. Mol Biol Rep 2022. [PMID: 35804213 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genotoxicity tests allow us to understand the mechanism of damages on genetic material occurring in living organisms against various physical and chemical agents. One of them is the Comet test. The current study aimed to evaluate genotoxic caused by picloram and dicamba to root meristems of Allium cepa utilizing comet assay. METHODS Two different protocols were used for rooting and auxin/pesticide application. (i) A. cepa bulbs were rooted in MS medium and then treated with Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (control) and 0.67, 1.34, 2.01, 2.68, 3.35, 4.02, and 8.04 mg/L of picloram and dicamba using aseptic tissue culture techniques. (ii) A. cepa bulbs were then rooted in bidistilled water and treated with 0 (control), 0.67, 1.34, 2.01, 2.68, 3.35, 4.02, and 8.04 mg/L of picloram and dicamba in distilled water. The A. cepa root tip cells in both treatment groups were examined using comet test to find the possible DNA damaging effects of picloram and dicamba. RESULTS The results obtained at all the concentrations were statistically compared with their control groups. Almost at all the concentrations of Picloram and dicamba increased comet tail intensity (%) and tail moment in roots treated in MS medium. Two highest concentrations revealed toxic effect. On the other hand, DNA damaging effect of both auxins was only noted on the highest (> 4.02 mg/L) in roots treated in distilled water. CONCLUSIONS This study approve and confirm genotoxic effects of how growth regulators on plants. These findings give an evidence of DNA damage in A. cepa. Therefore, both picloram and dicamba should only be used in appropriate and recommended concentrations in agriculture to conserve ecosystem and to pose minimum threat to life.
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Granetto M, Serpella L, Fogliatto S, Re L, Bianco C, Vidotto F, Tosco T. Natural clay and biopolymer-based nanopesticides to control the environmental spread of a soluble herbicide. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151199. [PMID: 34699829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work a novel nano-formulation is proposed to control leaching and volatilization of a broadly used herbicide, dicamba. Dicamba is subject to significant leaching in soils, due to its marked solubility, and to significant volatilization and vapor drift, with consequent risks for operators and neighbouring crops. Natural, biocompatible, low-cost materials were employed to control its dispersion in the environment: among four tested candidate carriers, a nanosized natural clay (namely, K10 montmorillonite) was selected to adsorb the pesticide, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a food-grade biodegradable polymer, was employed as a coating agent. The synthesis approach is based on direct adsorption at ambient temperature and pressure, with a subsequent particle coating to increase suspension stability and control pesticide release. The nano-formulation showed a controlled release when diluted to field-relevant concentrations: in tap water, the uncoated K10 released approximately 45% of the total loaded dicamba, and the percentage reduced to less than 30% with coating. CMC also contributed to significantly reduce dicamba losses due to volatilization from treated soils (e.g., in medium sand, 9.3% of dicamba was lost in 24 h from the commercial product, 15.1% from the uncoated nanoformulation, and only 4.5% from the coated one). Moreover, the coated nanoformulation showed a dramatic decrease in mobility in porous media (when injected in a 11.6 cm sand-packed column, 99.3% of the commercial formulation was eluted, compared to 88.4% of the uncoated nanoformulation and only 24.5% of the coated one). Greenhouse tests indicated that the clay-based nanoformulation does not hinder the dicamba efficacy toward target weeds, even though differences were observed depending on the treated species. Despite the small (lab and greenhouse) scale of the tests, these preliminary results suggest a good efficacy of the proposed nanoformulation in controlling the environmental spreading of dicamba, without hindering efficacy toward target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Granetto
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Serpella
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Fogliatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Lucia Re
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Bianco
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Vidotto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tosco
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Sharkey SM, Williams BJ, Parker KM. Herbicide Drift from Genetically Engineered Herbicide-Tolerant Crops. Environ Sci Technol 2021; 55:15559-15568. [PMID: 34813302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, off-target herbicide drift has been increasingly reported to lead to damage to nontarget vegetation in the U.S. These reports have coincided with the widespread adoption of genetically modified crops with new herbicide-tolerance traits. Planting crops with these traits may indirectly lead to increased drift both by increasing the use of the corresponding herbicides and by facilitating their use as postemergence herbicides later in the season. While extensive efforts have aimed to reduce herbicide drift, critical uncertainties remain regarding the physiochemical phenomena that drive the entry of herbicides into the atmosphere as well as the atmospheric processes that may influence short- and long-range transport. Resolving these uncertainties will support the development of effective approaches to reduce herbicide drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Sharkey
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Brent J Williams
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Kimberly M Parker
- Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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10
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Wan C, Li H, Zhao L, Li Z, Zhang C, Tan X, Liu X. Mechanism of removal and degradation characteristics of dicamba by biochar prepared from Fe-modified sludge. J Environ Manage 2021; 299:113602. [PMID: 34454201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis of excess sludge derived from wastewater treatment plants to prepare biochar can achieve the mass-reduction and harmlessness of solid waste, but it is also necessary to further explore the application prospect of these biochars as a resource for wastewater treatment. In this study, Fe-modified biochar (BC-Fe) was prepared by pyrolysis of excess sludge modified by FeCl3 solution. The molecular structure, elemental valence state, and composition of biochars were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that, compared with the biochar prepared from sludge without modification (BC-blank), the O/C ratio of BC-Fe increased from 0.07 to 0.12, and the (N + O)/C ratio increased from 0.21 to 0.27, indicating increased polarity and weakened aromaticity. The ratio of integrated intensity of the D band and G band in the Raman spectrum increased from 1.34 to 2.40, showing the increased defect structure of the biochar obtained by Fe modification. In the reaction between BC-Fe and dicamba, the removal rate of dicamba reached 92.1% within 180 min, which was far higher than the 17.8% of BC-blank. It was confirmed the adsorption removal dominated and accounted for 70.6% of the dicamba removal by BC-Fe, and the adsorption capacity of biochar could be significantly enhanced by Fe-modification by 5.3 times. Moreover, the persistent free radicals (PFRs) on the surface of biochar was detected by an electron paramagnetic resonance analyzer, and the decline of PFRs signals after the reaction revealed that PFRs participated in the degradation process of dicamba. Through Q-TOF analysis, it could be concluded that dicamba was first converted to 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (DCSA) by PFRs reduction and then further transformed to 3,6-dichlorogentisic acid (DCGA). This study provided a reference for the understanding of the removal mechanism of dicamba by Fe-modified biochar and offered an application potential of biochar derived from Fe-containing sludge for the pollution control of dicamba pesticide pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Huiqi Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lianfa Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute Group Co Ltd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute Group Co Ltd, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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11
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Mesnage R, Brandsma I, Moelijker N, Zhang G, Antoniou MN. Genotoxicity evaluation of 2,4-D, dicamba and glyphosate alone or in combination with cell reporter assays for DNA damage, oxidative stress and unfolded protein response. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112601. [PMID: 34626751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current generation of carcinogenicity tests is often insufficient to predict cancer outcomes from pesticide exposures. In order to facilitate health risk assessment, The International Agency for Research on Cancer identified 10 key characteristics which are commonly exhibited by human carcinogens. The ToxTracker panel of six validated GFP-based mouse embryonic stem reporter cell lines is designed to measure a number of these carcinogenic properties namely DNA damage, oxidative stress and the unfolded protein response. Here we present an evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D and dicamba either alone or in combination, using the ToxTracker assay system. The pesticide 2,4-D was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative stress and an unfolded protein response. Dicamba induced a mild oxidative stress response, whilst glyphosate did not elicit a positive outcome in any of the assays. The results from a mixture of the three herbicides was primarily an oxidative stress response, which was most likely due to 2,4-D with dicamba or glyphosate only playing a minor role. These findings provide initial information regarding the risk assessment of carcinogenic effects arising from exposure to a mixture of these herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mesnage
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gaonan Zhang
- Toxys, De Limes 7, 2342, DH, Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - Michael N Antoniou
- Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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12
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Satpathy P, de la Fuente SA, Ott V, Müller A, Büchner H, Daghma DES, Kumlehn J. Generation of Doubled Haploid Barley by Interspecific Pollination with Hordeum bulbosum. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2287:215-26. [PMID: 34270032 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The generation of doubled haploid barley plants by means of the so-called "Bulbosum" method has been practiced for meanwhile five decades. It rests upon the pollination of barley by its wild relative Hordeum bulbosum. This can result in the formation of hybrid embryos whose further development is typically associated with the loss of the pollinator's chromosomes. In recent years, this principle has, however, only rarely been used owing to the availability of efficient methods of anther and microspore culture. On the other hand, immature pollen-derived embryogenesis is to some extent prone to segregation bias in the resultant populations of haploids, which is due to its genotype dependency. Therefore, the principle of uniparental genome elimination has more recently regained increasing interest within the plant research and breeding community. The development of the present protocol relied on the use of the spring-type barley cultivar Golden Promise. The protocol is the result of a series of comparative experiments, which have addressed various methodological facets. The most influential ones included the method of emasculation, the temperature at flowering and early embryo development, the method, point in time and concentration of auxin administration for the stimulation of caryopsis development, the developmental stage at embryo dissection, as well as the nutrient medium used for embryo rescue. The present protocol allows the production of haploid barley plants at an efficiency of ca. 25% of the pollinated florets.
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13
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Attademo AM, Lajmanovich RC, Peltzer PM, Boccioni APC, Martinuzzi C, Simonielo F, Repetti MR. Effects of the emulsifiable herbicide Dicamba on amphibian tadpoles: an underestimated toxicity risk? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:31962-31974. [PMID: 33619621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of exposure to the herbicide Dicamba (DIC) on tadpoles of two amphibian species, Scinax nasicus and Elachistocleis bicolor, were assessed. Mortality and biochemical sublethal effects were evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and thyroid hormone (T4) levels. The LC50 value at 48h was 0.859 mg L-1 for S. nasicus and 0.221 mg L-1 for E. bicolor tadpoles. After exposure to sublethal DIC concentrations for 48 h, GST activity increased in S. nasicus but significantly decreased in E. bicolor with respect to controls. GR activity decreased only in S. nasicus at all the tested DIC concentrations. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in both S. nasicus and E. bicolor tadpoles at 48 h. DIC also caused significant changes in transamination, as evidenced by an increase in AST and ALT activities in both amphibian species. T4 levels were higher in DIC-treated tadpoles of both species than in controls. The DIC-induced biochemical alterations in glutathione system enzymes and transaminases indicate lesions in liver tissues and cellular function. Moreover, the observed AChE inhibition could lead to the accumulation of acetylcholine, excessively stimulating postsynaptic receptors, and the increase in T4 levels in both species may indicate an overactive thyroid. The commercial DIC formulation showed a high biotoxicity in the two amphibian native species after short-term exposure, controversially differing from the toxicity level indicated in the official fact sheet data. This fact highlights the need for an urgent re-categorization and reevaluation of DIC toxicity in native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Maximiliano Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Rafael Carlos Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola Mariela Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Candela Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Simonielo
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Rosa Repetti
- PRINARC. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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M S, N W, K C, Rs P. Pulsed exposure of the macrophyte Lemna minor to herbicides and the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer to diamide insecticides. Chemosphere 2021; 273:128582. [PMID: 33081998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides applied to agricultural land can enter aquatic ecosystems through runoff or leaching during precipitation events. In a lotic system, these events result in a pulse of exposure to biota living in these systems. The concentration of pesticide increases, peaks, and then gradually declines, and this pulsed exposure may occur multiple times over the course of a growing season. The dynamic nature of exposure to pesticides in the environment is not often mimicked in the laboratory testing of the toxicity of pesticides. The present study investigated the potential latent effects of a 24-h pulsed exposure of metolachlor, metribuzin, MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MCPP (methylchlorophenoxypropionic acid or mecoprop), dicamba, and 2,4-D to the aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor followed by a 5-day recovery period. The relative sensitivity of L. minor to the herbicides were, in this decreasing order: metolachlor > metribuzin >2,4-D > MCPA > MCPP > dicamba. This study also investigated the effects of short-term exposures of the diamide insecticides cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole on the survival of the larvae of the parthenogenetic mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. The median lethal concentrations (96-h LC50s) for cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole were 8.60 and 2.92 μg/L, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanford M
- University of Guelph, School of Environmental Sciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Washuck N
- University of Guelph, School of Environmental Sciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carr K
- University of Guelph, School of Environmental Sciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prosser Rs
- University of Guelph, School of Environmental Sciences, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Lerro CC, Hofmann JN, Andreotti G, Koutros S, Parks CG, Blair A, Albert PS, Lubin JH, Sandler DP, Beane Freeman LE. Dicamba use and cancer incidence in the agricultural health study: an updated analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1326-1337. [PMID: 32357211 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbicide dicamba has been commonly used agriculturally and residentially. Recent approval of genetically engineered dicamba-resistant crops is expected to lead to increased dicamba use, and there has been growing interest in potential human health effects. A prior analysis in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) suggested associations between dicamba and colon and lung cancer. We re-evaluated dicamba use in the AHS, including an additional 12 years and 2702 exposed cancers. METHODS The AHS is a prospective cohort of pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. At enrollment (1993-1997) and follow-up (1999-2005), participants reported dicamba use. Exposure was characterized by cumulative intensity-weighted lifetime days, including exposure lags of up to 20 years. We estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable Poisson regression for incident cancers diagnosed from enrollment through 2014/2015. RESULTS Among 49 922 applicators, 26 412 (52.9%) used dicamba. Compared with applicators reporting no dicamba use, those in the highest quartile of exposure had elevated risk of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (nexposed = 28, RRQ4 = 1.80, CI: 1.26-2.56, Ptrend < 0.001) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL, nexposed = 93, RRQ4 = 1.20, CI: 0.96-1.50, Ptrend = 0.01) and decreased risk of myeloid leukaemia (nexposed = 55, RRQ4 = 0.73, CI: 0.51-1.03, Ptrend = 0.01). The associations for liver cancer and myeloid leukaemia remained after lagging exposure of up to 20 years. CONCLUSIONS With additional follow-up and exposure information, associations with lung and colon cancer were no longer apparent. In this first evaluation of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer, there was an association with increasing use of dicamba that persisted across lags of up to 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Lerro
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Andreotti
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stella Koutros
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christine G Parks
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paul S Albert
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jay H Lubin
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Dale P Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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16
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Qi M, Huo J, Li Z, He C, Li D, Wang Y, Vasylieva N, Zhang J, Hammock BD. On-spot quantitative analysis of dicamba in field waters using a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip with smartphone imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6995-7006. [PMID: 32737550 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dicamba herbicide is increasingly used in the world, in particular' with the widespread cultivation of genetically modified dicamba-resistant crops. However, the drift problem in the field has caused phytotoxicity against naive, sensitive crops, raising legal concerns. Thus, it is particularly timely to develop a method that can be used for on-the-spot rapid detection of dicamba in the field. In this paper, a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFIC) was developed. The quantitative detection can be conducted by an app on a smartphone, named "Color Snap." The tool reported here provides results in 10 min and can detect dicamba in water with a LOD (detection limit) value of 0.1 mg/L. The developed LFIC shows excellent stability and sensitivity appropriate for field analysis. Our sensor is portable and excellent tool for on-site detection with smartphone imaging for better accuracy and precision of the results. Graphical abstract.
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17
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Desipio MM, Van Bramer SE, Thorpe R, Saha D. Photocatalytic and photo-fenton activity of iron oxide-doped carbon nitride in 3D printed and LED driven photon concentrator. J Hazard Mater 2019; 376:178-187. [PMID: 31128397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized iron oxide doped carbon nitride with 0.5 to 2 wt.% iron oxide and characterized by XPS, TGA, FTIR, SEM, photoluminescence spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical measurements. A herbicide, dicamba was employed as model organic pollutant for degradation in presence with the catalyst and hydrogen peroxide. A 3D printed photon concentrator with two chips on board (COB) LEDs with visible light spectra and two complex parabolic mirror surfaces was used as photo-reactor. The findings revealed that both photocurrent and degradation of dicamba were functions of light intensity and concentrator geometry. The rapid degradation of dicamba can be attributed to the holistic and individual actions of structural components of the photocatalyst. Four distinct phenomena, including photocatalytic activity of carbon nitride, quenching of electron/hole pairs and generation of additional reactive hydroxyl radicals by hydrogen peroxide, Fenton and photo-Fenton activity of iron oxide component of carbon nitride in presence of hydrogen peroxide and photocatalytic activity of iron oxide alone in conjuncture with carbon nitride can contribute to the overall photocatalytic activity of the system. Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (LCMS) analysis of the degradation products showed loss of chlorine from the aromatic ring and evidence of free radical addition reactions in the course of photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Desipio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA
| | - Scott E Van Bramer
- Department of Chemistry, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA
| | - Ryan Thorpe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Dipendu Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widener University, One University Place, Chester, PA 19013, USA.
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18
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Mihajlović V, Tomić T, Tubić A, Molnar Jazić J, Ivančev Tumbas I, Šunjka D, Lazić S, Teodorović I. The impact of humic acid on toxicity of individual herbicides and their mixtures to aquatic macrophytes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:23571-23582. [PMID: 31203541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of humic acid (HA) on the toxicity of selected herbicides and their binary mixtures to aquatic plants. The focus was on two auxin simulators (2,4-D and dicamba) and two photosynthetic inhibitors (atrazine and isoproturon). The results suggested that the addition of HA to the standard synthetic medium does not affect Lemna minor growth nor the toxicity of atrazine, but increases the toxicity of 2,4-D and the binary mixture of atrazine and 2,4-D. The addition of HA to the standard synthetic medium reversibly decreased the growth (biomass) of Myriophyllum aquaticum and enhanced the toxicity of individually tested herbicides (isoproturon and dicamba) as well as their binary mixture. The results showed delayed toxic effects of auxin simulators, especially 2,4-D in the Lemna test. The recovery after the exposure to individual photosystem II inhibitors (atrazine and isoproturon) is fast in both plant species, regardless of the presence of HA. In the case of selected mixtures (atrazine + 2,4-D and isoproturon + dicamba), recovery of both plant species was noted, while the efficiency depended on the herbicide concentration in the mixture rather than the presence or absence of HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varja Mihajlović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Tomić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Tubić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
| | - Jelena Molnar Jazić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ivančev Tumbas
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
| | - Dragana Šunjka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
| | - Sanja Lazić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
| | - Ivana Teodorović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21 000, Serbia
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Olszyk D, Pfleeger T, Shiroyama T, Blakeley-Smith M, Henry Lee E, Plocher M. Plant reproduction is altered by simulated herbicide drift to constructed plant communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2799-2813. [PMID: 28444907 PMCID: PMC6130323 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide drift may have unintended impacts on native vegetation, adversely affecting individual species and plant communities. To determine the potential ecological effects of herbicide drift, small plant community plots were constructed using 9 perennial species found in different Willamette Valley (OR, USA) grassland habitats. Studies were conducted at 2 Oregon State University (Corvallis, OR, USA) farms in 2 separate years, with single and combined treatments of 0.01 to 0.2× field application rates (f.a.r.) of 1119 g ha-1 for glyphosate (active ingredient [a.i.] of 830 g ha-1 acid glyphosate) and 560 g ha-1 a.i. for dicamba. Plant responses were percentage of cover, number of reproductive structures, mature and immature seed production, and vegetative biomass. Herbicide effects differed with species, year, and, to a lesser extent, farm. Generally, 0.1 to 0.2× f.a.r. of the herbicides were required to affect reproduction in Camassia leichtlinii, Elymus glaucus, Eriophyllum lanatum, Festuca idahoensis, Iris tenax, and Prunella vulgaris. Eriophyllum lanatum also had a significant increase in percentage of immature seed dry weight with 0.01× f.a.r. of dicamba or the combination of glyphosate plus dicamba. Other species showed similar trends, but fewer significant responses. These studies indicated potential effects of low levels of herbicides on reproduction of native plants, and demonstrated a protocol whereby species growing in a constructed plant community can be evaluated for ecological responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2799-2813. Published 2017 SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olszyk
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thomas Pfleeger
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | - E. Henry Lee
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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20
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Kumar R, Mamrutha HM, Kaur A, Venkatesh K, Grewal A, Kumar R, Tiwari V. Development of an efficient and reproducible regeneration system in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2017; 23:945-954. [PMID: 29158641 PMCID: PMC5671445 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The availability of reproducible regeneration system through tissue culture is a major bottleneck in wheat improvement program. The present study has considered to develop an efficient callus induction and regeneration system using mature and immature embryos as explants in recently released agronomically superior spring wheat varieties. An efficient sterilization process was standardized using 0.1% HgCl2 and 70% ethanol for both seeds and embryos. The maximum possible combinations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) were evaluated for their effect on different wheat regeneration processes through tissue culture starting from callus to root induction. Picloram is found as an effective auxin with 87.63-98.67% callus induction efficiency in both explants. Supplementation of CuSO4 along with 2,4-D, zeatin in regeneration medium significantly enhanced the multiple shoot induction. The shoot development was achieved using full strength Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium and root induction using half MS medium without PGRs. The optimized medium and method has resulted up to 100% regeneration irrespective of the genotype used with high reproducibility. Thus, the standardized regeneration system can be used in the regeneration of healthy plants from embryos rescued from interspecies crosses, transgenic production, induced mutation breeding and recently developed genome editing techniques for the procreation of wheat plants having novel traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | | | - Amandeep Kaur
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Karnam Venkatesh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Anita Grewal
- Biotechnology Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Raj Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Karnal, Haryana 132001 India
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21
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León-Ramírez CG, Cabrera-Ponce JL, Martínez-Soto D, Sánchez-Arreguin A, Aréchiga-Carvajal ET, Ruiz-Herrera J. Transcriptomic analysis of basidiocarp development in Ustilago maydis (DC) Cda. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 101:34-45. [PMID: 28285895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that when Ustilago maydis (DC) Cda., a phytopathogenic basidiomycete and the causal agent of corn smut, is grown in the vicinity of maize embryogenic calli in a medium supplemented with the herbicide Dicamba, it developed gastroid-like basidiocarps. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the basidiocarp development by the fungus, we proceeded to analyze the transcriptome of the process, identifying a total of 2002 and 1064 differentially expressed genes at two developmental stages, young and mature basidiocarps, respectively. Function of these genes was analyzed with the use of different databases. MIPS analysis revealed that in the stage of young basidiocarp, among the ca. two thousand differentially expressed genes, there were some previously described for basidiocarp development in other fungal species. Additional elements that operated at this stage included, among others, genes encoding the transcription factors FOXO3, MIG3, PRO1, TEC1, copper and MFS transporters, and cytochromes P450. During mature basidiocarp development, important up-regulated genes included those encoding hydrophobins, laccases, and ferric reductase (FRE/NOX). The demonstration that a mapkk mutant was unable to form basidiocarps, indicated the importance of the MAPK signaling pathway in this developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G León-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36825 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - J L Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36825 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - D Martínez-Soto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36825 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - A Sánchez-Arreguin
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36825 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - E T Aréchiga-Carvajal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - J Ruiz-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36825 Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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22
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Wang C, Glenn KC, Kessenich C, Bell E, Burzio LA, Koch MS, Li B, Silvanovich A. Safety assessment of dicamba mono-oxygenases that confer dicamba tolerance to various crops. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 81:171-182. [PMID: 27575686 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dicamba tolerant (DT) soybean, cotton and maize were developed through constitutive expression of dicamba mono-oxygenase (DMO) in chloroplasts. DMO expressed in three DT crops exhibit 91.6-97.1% amino acid sequence identity to wild type DMO. All DMO forms maintain the characteristics of Rieske oxygenases that have a history of safe use. Additionally, they are all functionally similar in vivo since the three DT crops are all tolerant to dicamba treatment. None of these DMO sequences were found to have similarity to any known allergens or toxins. Herein, to further understand the safety of these DMO variants, a weight of evidence approach was employed. Each purified DMO protein was found to be completely deactivated in vitro by heating at temperatures 55 °C and above, and all were completely digested within 30 s or 5 min by pepsin and pancreatin, respectively. Mice orally dosed with each of these DMO proteins showed no adverse effects as evidenced by analysis of body weight gain, food consumption and clinical observations. Therefore, the weight of evidence from all these protein safety studies support the conclusion that the various forms of DMO proteins introduced into DT soybean, cotton and maize are safe for food and feed consumption, and the small amino acid sequence differences outside the active site of DMO do not raise any additional safety concerns.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Computational Biology
- Consumer Product Safety
- Crops, Agricultural/enzymology
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/toxicity
- Databases, Protein
- Dicamba/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance/genetics
- Enzyme Stability
- Female
- Food Safety
- Food, Genetically Modified/parasitology
- Food, Genetically Modified/toxicity
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Gossypium/enzymology
- Gossypium/genetics
- Gossypium/toxicity
- Herbicides/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mixed Function Oxygenases/administration & dosage
- Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics
- Mixed Function Oxygenases/metabolism
- Mixed Function Oxygenases/toxicity
- Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating/toxicity
- Pancreatin/metabolism
- Pepsin A/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/toxicity
- Protein Denaturation
- Proteolysis
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/toxicity
- Risk Assessment
- Glycine max/enzymology
- Glycine max/genetics
- Glycine max/toxicity
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/enzymology
- Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/genetics
- Temperature
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
- Zea mays/enzymology
- Zea mays/genetics
- Zea mays/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunxi Wang
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA.
| | - Kevin C Glenn
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Colton Kessenich
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Erin Bell
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Luis A Burzio
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Michael S Koch
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
| | - Andre Silvanovich
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167, USA
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23
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Sabetta W, Crosatti C, Soltész A, Di Rienzo V, Montemurro C. Screening Auxin Response, In Vitro Culture Aptitude and Susceptibility to Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Italian Commercial Durum Wheat Varieties. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111440. [PMID: 27801844 PMCID: PMC6274527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a robust Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for a recalcitrant species like durum wheat requires the identification and optimization of factors affecting T-DNA delivery and plant regeneration. The purpose of this research was to compare the behavior of diverse durum wheat genotypes during in vitro culture and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, using immature embryos as explants. Apart from plant genotype, two of the main influencing factors for a successful genetic transformation have been examined here, i.e., auxin source (Dicamba and 2,4-D) and duration of the pre-culture period (one, seven and 21 days). The addition of Dicamba to the media in combination with seven days pre-cultivation resulted in a general enhancement of T-DNA delivery for most of the analyzed cultivars, as revealed by β-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay. Although all genotypes were able to produce calli, significant differences were detected in regeneration and transformation efficiencies, since only two (Karalis and Neolatino) out of 14 cultivars produced fertile transgenic plants. The estimated transformation efficiencies were 6.25% and 1.66% for Karalis and Neolatino, respectively, and χ² analysis revealed the stable integration and segregation of the gus transgene in T₁ and T₂ progenies. This research has demonstrated that, among the influencing factors, genotype and auxin type play the most important role in the success of durum wheat transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilma Sabetta
- Sinagri S.r.l., Spin-off, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Cristina Crosatti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Genomics Research Centre, Via S.Protaso 302, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC) 29017, Italy.
| | - Alexandra Soltész
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár H-2462, Hungary.
| | - Valentina Di Rienzo
- Sinagri S.r.l., Spin-off, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- Sinagri S.r.l., Spin-off, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy.
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, Bari 70126, Italy.
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24
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Guo H, Riter LS, Wujcik CE, Armstrong DW. Quantitative analysis of dicamba residues in raw agricultural commodities with the use of ion-pairing reagents in LC-ESI-MS/MS. Talanta 2015; 149:103-109. [PMID: 26717820 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative analysis of dicamba residues in raw agricultural commodities (RACs). Instead of analysis in the traditionally used negative electrospray ionization (ESI) mode, these anionic compounds were detected in positive ESI with the use of ion-pairing reagents. In this approach, only a small amount (60µM) of a commercially available dicationic ion-pairing reagent was introduced into the post-column sample stream. This method has been validated in six different types of RACs including corn grain, corn stover, cotton seed, soybean, soy forage and orange with satisfactory quantitative accuracy and precision. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) values for these analytes were 1.0 to 3.0µg/kg. The standard curves were linear over the range of the tested concentrations (3.0 to 500µg/kg), with correlation coefficient (r) values≥0.999. Evaluation of ionization effects in RAC matrix extracts using diluent blanks for comparison showed no significant matrix effects were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyue Guo
- Monsanto Company, St Louis, MO, United States; University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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25
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Brkić D, Szakonyne-Pasics I, Gašić S, Teodorović I, Rašković B, Brkić N, Nešković N. Subacute and subchronic toxicity of Avalon(®) mixture (bentazone+ dicamba) to rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 39:1057-1066. [PMID: 25863332 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Subacute and subchronic toxicity of the herbicide Avalon(®), a mixture of bentazone and dicamba, were tested on rats. Avalon(®) was administered at dose levels of 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg body weight/day for 28 and 90 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were monitored together with biochemistry parameters. The results showed that the mixture caused increases in the activities of ALT, AST and ALP, elevated concentrations of sodium, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in males. In females, ALT activity, cholesterol and phosphate levels were increased. The changes generally were dose related and, in most cases, females exhibited lower susceptibility than males. The effects of a mixture are, in the most cases, different from the effects of the individual substances. The effects of bentazone were not prevalent which would be expected taking the composition of the mixture into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Brkić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
| | | | - Slavica Gašić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Teodorović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Brkić
- Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Directorate for Water, Bulevar umetnosti 2a, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Neško Nešković
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Banatska 31-b, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia.
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26
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Chávez-Moreno C, Ferrer L, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Hernández-Ramírez A, Cerdà V, Guzmán-Mar J. On-line monitoring of the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D and dicamba using a solid-phase extraction-multisyringe flow injection system. J Environ Manage 2013; 129:377-383. [PMID: 23994580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A fully automated on-line system for monitoring the photocatalytic degradation of herbicides was developed using multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) coupled to a solid phase extraction (SPE) unit with UV detection. The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 100-1000 μg L(-1) for 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) and 500-3000 μg L(-1) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), while the detection limits were 30 and 135 μg L(-1) for dicamba and 2,4-D, respectively. The monitoring of the photocatalytic degradation (TiO2 anatase/UV 254 nm) of these two herbicides was performed by MSFIA-SPE system using a small sample volume (2 mL) in a fully automated approach. The degradation was assessed in ultrapure and drinking water with initial concentrations of 1000 and 2000 μg L(-1) for dicamba and 2,4-D, respectively. Degradation percentages of approximately 85% were obtained for both herbicides in ultrapure water after 45 min of photocatalytic treatment. A similar degradation efficiency in drinking water was observed for 2,4-D, whereas dicamba exhibited a lower degradation percentage (75%), which could be attributed to the presence of inorganic species in this kind of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmín Chávez-Moreno
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León C.P. 66451, Mexico
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27
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Mithila J, Hall JC. Transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from Brassica kaber to Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa through embryo rescue. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 2013; 49:461-467. [PMID: 23990700 PMCID: PMC3751267 DOI: 10.1007/s11627-013-9515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Auxinic herbicides are widely used in agriculture to selectively control broadleaf weeds. Prolonged use of auxinic herbicides has resulted in the evolution of resistance to these herbicides in some biotypes of Brassica kaber (wild mustard), a common weed in agricultural crops. In this study, auxinic herbicide resistance from B. kaber was transferred to Brassica juncea and Brassica rapa, two commercially important Brassica crops, by traditional breeding coupled with in vitro embryo rescue. A high frequency of embryo regeneration and hybrid plant establishment was achieved. Transfer of auxinic herbicide resistance from B. kaber to the hybrids was assessed by whole-plant screening of hybrids with dicamba, a widely used auxinic herbicide. Furthermore, the hybrids were tested for fertility (both pollen and pistil) and their ability to produce backcross progeny. The auxinic herbicide-resistant trait was introgressed into B. juncea by backcross breeding. DNA ploidy of the hybrids as well as of the backcross progeny was estimated by flow cytometry. Creation of auxinic herbicide-resistant Brassica crops by non-transgenic approaches should facilitate effective weed control, encourage less tillage, provide herbicide rotation options, minimize occurrence of herbicide resistance, and increase acceptance of these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Mithila
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - J. Christopher Hall
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON Canada
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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28
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Tribulato A, Remotti PC, Löffler HJM, van Tuyl JM. Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Lilium longiflorum Thunb. Plant Cell Rep 1997; 17:113-118. [PMID: 30732398 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Friable callus was obtained from styles and flower pedicels of Lilium longiflorum Snow Queen and the Oriental lily hybrid Star Gazer on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing either 2 µM dicamba or 2 µM picloram. Cell suspension cultures were established by suspending the callus of L. longiflorum Snow Queen in liquid medium containing 2 µM dicamba. Through a purification process, a fine fast-growing cell suspension was obtained. This suspension was composed of a homogenous population of small dense cells, which tended to organise into embryo like structures (ELS). In liquid culture with the auxin dicamba, the ELS underwent continuous callus formation. When transferred to solidified hormone-free MS medium, the ELS germinated, forming complete plantlets. Histological investigation showed that in the ELS both shoot and root meristems were distinctly evident. It was concluded that the ELS obtained were in fact somatic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tribulato
- Istituto di Orticoltura e Floricoltura, University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia, 5-95123, Catania, Italy, , , , , , IT
| | - P C Remotti
- Enea C. R. Casaccia, INN-BIOAG-ECO, 00060 S. M. di Galeria Rome, Italy, , , , , , IT
| | - H J M Löffler
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), Department of Ornamental Crops, PO Box 16, 6700 AA-Wageningen, The Netherlands, , , , , , NL
| | - J M van Tuyl
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO), Department of Ornamental Crops, PO Box 16, 6700 AA-Wageningen, The Netherlands, , , , , , NL
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29
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Carvalho CHS, Bohorova N, Bordallo PN, Abreu LL, Valicente FH, Bressan W, Paiva E. Type II callus production and plant regeneration in tropical maize genotypes. Plant Cell Rep 1997; 17:73-76. [PMID: 30732424 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A total of 113 maize inbreds adapted to tropical conditions were evaluated for their tissue culture response. Additionally, four media combinations of 15 or 30 µM dicamba with or without 88 µM AgNO3 were used to study the effect of dicamba and AgNO3 on type II callus production and plant regeneration from 42 of the inbred lines. Inbreds 48, 389 and 1345 of the populations BR 105, BR 112, and Catete, respectively, showed a high capacity for type II callus production and plant regeneration. The production of type II calli increased significantly when the concentration of dicamba was changed from 15 to 30 µM and when AgNO3 was added to the medium. A synergistic effect between 88 µM AgNO3 and 30 µM dicamba (CM-30Ag medium) was observed, leading to additional production of type II callus. Medium CM-30Ag allowed the best tissue culture performance and plant regeneration capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H S Carvalho
- EMBRAPA/CNPMS (Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation/ National Maize and Sorghum Research Center), Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - N Bohorova
- CYMMIT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Londres 40, Apdo. Postal 6-641, Mexico 06600 DF, Mexico, , , , , , MX
| | - P N Bordallo
- EMBRAPA/CNPMS (Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation/ National Maize and Sorghum Research Center), Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - L L Abreu
- EMBRAPA/CNPMS (Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation/ National Maize and Sorghum Research Center), Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - F H Valicente
- EMBRAPA/CNPMS (Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation/ National Maize and Sorghum Research Center), Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - W Bressan
- EMBRAPA/CNPMS (Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation/ National Maize and Sorghum Research Center), Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, , , , , , BR
| | - E Paiva
- EMBRAPA/CNPMS (Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation/ National Maize and Sorghum Research Center), Caixa Postal 151, 35701-970 Sete Lagoas-MG, Brazil, , , , , , BR
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