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Truong AP, Wall CJ, Stoney JD, Graves SE, Lorimer MF, de Steiger RN. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of undergoing hip replacement in Australia. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:1901-1906. [PMID: 37248204 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a known risk factor for the development of hip osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity is associated with the risk of undergoing total hip replacement (THR) in Australia. METHODS A cohort study was conducted comparing data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) from 2017 to 2018. Body mass index (BMI) data for patients undergoing primary total hip replacement and resurfacing for osteoarthritis were obtained from the AOANJRR. The distribution of THR patients by BMI category was compared to the general population, in age and sex sub-groups. RESULTS During the study period, 32 495 primary THR were performed for osteoarthritis in Australia. Compared to the general population, there was a higher prevalence of Class I, II and III obesity in patients undergoing THR in both sexes aged 35-74 years. Class III obese females and males aged 55-64 years were 2.9 and 1.7 times more likely to undergo THR, respectively (P < 0.001). Class III obese females and males underwent THR on average 5.7 and 7.0 years younger than their normal weight counterparts, respectively. CONCLUSION Obese Australians are at increased risk of undergoing THR, and at a younger age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Truong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Wall
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James D Stoney
- Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard N de Steiger
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Epworth Healthcare, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Morgan SDJ, Wall CJ, de Steiger RN, Graves SE, Lorimer MF, Page RS. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of undergoing shoulder arthroplasty in Australia. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2023:S1058-2746(23)00315-4. [PMID: 37044303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of overweight and obesity in patients undergoing primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for osteoarthritis (OA) in Australia compared to the incidence of obesity in the general population. METHODS A 2017/18 cohort consisting of 2,997 patients from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) who underwent TSA were compared with matched controls from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) National Health Survey from the same time period. The two groups were analyzed according to BMI category, sex, and age. RESULTS According to the 2017/18 National Health Survey, 35.6% of Australian adults were overweight and 31.3% were obese. Of the primary TSA cases performed, 34.9% were overweight and 50.1% were obese. The relative risk of requiring TSA for OA increased with increasing BMI category. Class III obese females, aged 55-64, were 8.6 times more likely to receive a TSA compared to their normal weight counterparts. Males in the same age and BMI category were 2.5 times more likely. Class III obese patients underwent TSA 4 years (female) and 6 years (male) younger than their normal weight counterparts. CONCLUSION Obesity significantly increases the risk of requiring TSA. The association appears to be particularly strong for younger females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D J Morgan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.; School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.; School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Wall
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.; School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard N de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry(AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry(AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard S Page
- Department of Orthopaedics St John of God and Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry
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Harris IA, Lorimer MF, Davies CE, Keuskamp D, Dansie KB, Lewis PL, Graves SE, McDonald SP. Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes in the Presence of Kidney Failure: A National Data Linkage Study. J Arthroplasty 2023:S0883-5403(23)00014-1. [PMID: 36708938 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who have kidney failure are at higher risk of requiring total hip arthroplasty (THA) and are at higher risk of complications. This study compared the rate of revision surgery and mortality following THA between patients who have kidney failure receiving long term dialysis or who had a kidney transplant and those who did not have kidney failure. METHODS A data linkage study was performed using data from 2 national registries: a registry of dialysis and kidney transplant patients and a registry of THA procedures. Both registries had coverage of almost all procedures or treatments in Australia. Data from September 1999 to December 2016 were used. Mortality and revision surgery were compared between patients receiving dialysis, those who had a functioning kidney transplant, and patients who did not have kidney failure using Cox and Fine-Gray (competing risk) regression models. A total of 383,478 primary THA procedures were identified as people receiving dialysis (n = 490), who had a functioning kidney transplant (n = 459), or who did not have kidney failure (n = 382,529). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the overall rate of revision surgery between the groups (dialysis versus no kidney failure HR = 1.20; 95% CI 0.76, 1.88, transplant versus no kidney failure (hazard ratio) HR = 1.01; 95% (confidence interval) CI 0.66, 1.53). The risk for death after surgery was significantly higher in the dialysis group compared to both the functioning transplant group (HR = 3.44; 95%CI 1.58, 7.5), and in those without kidney failure (HR = 4.13; 95%CI 3.25, 5.25). CONCLUSION The rate of mortality after THA in patients on dialysis is higher than in patients who have a functioning transplant or those who do not have kidney failure, but there is no early excess mortality to suggest a difference in this metric due to the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Harris
- AOANJRR (Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine and Health, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher E Davies
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; ANZDATA (Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dominic Keuskamp
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; ANZDATA (Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn B Dansie
- ANZDATA (Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter L Lewis
- AOANJRR (Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- AOANJRR (Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen P McDonald
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; ANZDATA (Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Heath EL, Ackerman IN, Holder C, Lorimer MF, Graves SE, Harris IA. Response to: How about interstate variation in thresholds for hip and knee replacement? ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2759. [DOI: 10.1111/ans.18015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Heath
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ilana N. Ackerman
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Carl Holder
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michelle F. Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Stephen E. Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Ian A. Harris
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) Adelaide South Australia Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Wall CJ, Vertullo CJ, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S, Lorimer MF, de Steiger RN. A Prospective, Longitudinal Study of the Influence of Obesity on Total Knee Arthroplasty Revision Rate: Results from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1386-1392. [PMID: 35703139 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of obesity with all-cause revision and revision for infection, loosening, instability, and pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed in Australia. METHODS Data for patients undergoing primary TKA for osteoarthritis from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020, were obtained from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). The rates of all-cause revision and revision for infection, loosening, instability, and pain were compared for non-obese patients (body mass index [BMI], 18.50 to 29.99 kg/m 2 ), class-I and II obese patients (BMI, 30.00 to 39.99 kg/m 2 ), and class-III obese patients (BMI, ≥40.00 kg/m 2 ). The results were adjusted for age, sex, tibial fixation, prosthesis stability, patellar component usage, and computer navigation usage. RESULTS During the study period, 141,673 patients underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis in Australia; of these patients, 48.0% were class-I or II obese, and 10.6% were class-III obese. The mean age was 68.2 years, and 54.7% of patients were female. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. Of the 2,655 revision procedures identified, the reasons for the procedures included infection in 39.7%, loosening in 14.8%, instability in 12.0%, and pain in 6.1%. Class-I and II obese patients had a higher risk of all-cause revision (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03 to 1.22]; p = 0.007) and revision for infection (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.43]; p = 0.001) than non-obese patients. Class-III obese patients had a higher risk of all-cause revision after 1 year (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.14 to 1.52]; p < 0.001), revision for infection after 3 months (HR, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.33 to 2.17]; p < 0.001), and revision for loosening (HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.89]; p = 0.047) than non-obese patients. The risks of revision for instability and pain were similar among groups. CONCLUSIONS Obese patients with knee osteoarthritis should be counseled with regard to the increased risks associated with TKA, so they can make informed decisions about their health care. Health services and policymakers need to address the issue of obesity at a population level. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Wall
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Vertullo
- Knee Research Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard N de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Heath EL, Ackerman IN, Holder C, Lorimer MF, Graves SE, Harris IA. Between-hospital and between-surgeon variation in thresholds for hip and knee replacement. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:2229-2234. [PMID: 35642256 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) are cost-effective interventions to reduce pain and disability associated with osteoarthritis, however there is no clear guidelines available to determine appropriate patient selection and the timing of surgery. This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the hospital- and surgeon-level variation in the severity of patient-reported symptoms prior to THR and TKR. METHODS Patients undergoing primary THR (n = 4330) or TKR (n = 7054) for osteoarthritis who participated in a national registry-led Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) pilot program were included in the analysis. Pre-operative Oxford Hip Score (OHS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) (range 0-48; representing worst to best hip/knee pain and function) data were examined for variation between private and public hospitals and between surgeons using linear mixed models. RESULTS Pre-operative mean OHS was significantly higher (better) in patients whose surgery was performed in a private hospital compared to public hospitals; 21.39 versus 18.11 (mean difference 3.27, 95% CI 1.75, 4.79). For OKS, the difference between private hospital and public hospital scores was dependent on BMI and gender. Most of the variation in pre-operative OHS and OKS was not at the individual hospital- or surgeon-level, which explained only a negligible proportion of the model variance (⟨5%) for THR and TKR. CONCLUSION Apart from a difference between private and public hospitals, there was little between-hospital or between-surgeon symptom variation in joint-specific pain and function prior to THR or TKR. The findings suggest consistency in the surgical thresholds for patients being offered hip and knee joint replacement procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Heath
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ilana N Ackerman
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl Holder
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ian A Harris
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Wall CJ, de Steiger RN, Vertullo CJ, Stoney JD, Graves SE, Lorimer MF, Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of undergoing knee replacement in Australia. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:1814-1819. [PMID: 35412005 PMCID: PMC9545084 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of obesity in patients undergoing knee replacement (KR) for OA in Australia compared to the incidence of obesity in the general population. Methods A cohort study was conducted, comparing data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2017–2018 National Health Survey with data from the National Joint Replacement Registry. The distribution of patients who underwent KR from July 2017 to June 2018 by BMI category was compared to the distribution of the general population, in age and gender sub‐groups. Results During the study period, 35.6% of Australian adults were overweight and 31.3% were obese. Of the 56 217 patients who underwent primary KR for OA, 31.9% were overweight and 57.7% were obese. The relative risk of undergoing KR for OA increased with increasing BMI category. Class 1, 2 and 3 obese females aged 55–64 years were 4.7, 8.4 and 17.3 times more likely to undergo KR than their normal weight counterparts, respectively. Males in the same age and BMI categories were 3.4, 4.5 and 5.8 times more likely to undergo KR, respectively. Class 3 obese patients underwent KR 7 years younger, on average, than normal weight individuals. Conclusion Obesity is associated with an increased risk of undergoing KR, and at a younger age, particularly for females. There is an urgent need for a societal level approach to address the prevalence of obesity, to reduce the burden of obesity related KR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Wall
- Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Hospital, Darling Downs Health, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Rural Clinical School, University of Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard N de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher J Vertullo
- Knee Research Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - James D Stoney
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Lewis PL, Campbell DG, Lorimer MF, Requicha F, W-Dahl A, Robertsson O. Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Revised for Instability: A Detailed Registry Analysis. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:286-297. [PMID: 34763047 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Instability after total knee arthroplasty is a common but poorly understood complication. METHODS Data from a large national registry was used to study patient and prosthesis characteristics of 2605 total knee arthroplasty revisions for instability. The cumulative percent revision was calculated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox proportional models used to compare revision rates. The rate of further revision was analyzed with regard to prostheses used in the first revision. RESULTS Instability increased from 6% of all first revision procedures in 2003 to 13% in 2019. The revision risk was lower for minimally stabilized prostheses, males, and patients aged ≥65 years. Polyethylene insert exchange was used for 55% of revision procedures, using a thicker insert in 93% and a change in insert conformity in 24% of cruciate-retaining knees. The increase in either thickness or conformity had no effect on the rate of further revision. After a revision for instability, 24% had a second revision by 14 years. Recurrent instability accounted for 32% of further revisions. A lower second revision rate was seen after revision of both femoral and tibial components, and where constrained components were used. CONCLUSION Revision for instability is increasing. Revising both femoral and tibial components led to a lower rate of second revision compared to a change in insert alone. Recurrent instability was common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Lewis
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Annette W-Dahl
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Science Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Otto Robertsson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Science Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Kerr MM, Graves SE, Duszynski KM, Inacio MC, de Steiger RN, Harris IA, Ackerman IN, Jorm LR, Lorimer MF, Gulyani A, Pratt NL. Does a Prescription-based Comorbidity Index Correlate with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Score and Mortality After Joint Arthroplasty? A Registry Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:2181-2190. [PMID: 34232146 PMCID: PMC8445560 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When analyzing the outcomes of joint arthroplasty, an important factor to consider is patient comorbidities. The presence of multiple comorbidities has been associated with longer hospital stays, more postoperative complications, and increased mortality. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification system score is a measure of a patient's overall health and has been shown to be associated with complications and mortality after joint arthroplasty. The Rx-Risk score is another measure for determining the number of different health conditions for which an individual is treated, with a possible score ranging from 0 to 47. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES For patients undergoing THA or TKA, we asked: (1) Which metric, the Rx-Risk score or the ASA score, correlates more closely with 30- and 90-day mortality after TKA or THA? (2) Is the Rx-Risk score correlated with the ASA score? METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) database linked to two other national databases, the National Death Index (NDI) database and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), a dispensing database. Linkage to the NDI provided outcome information on patient death, including the fact of and date of death. Linkage to the PBS was performed to obtain records of all medicines dispensed to patients undergoing a joint replacement procedure. Patients were included if they had undergone either a THA (119,076 patients, 131,336 procedures) or TKA (182,445 patients, 215,712 procedures) with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis, performed between 2013 and 2017. We excluded patients with missing ASA information (THA: 3% [3055 of 119,076]; TKA: 2% [4095 of 182,445]). This left 127,761 primary THA procedures performed in 116,021 patients (53% [68,037 of 127,761] were women, mean age 68 ± 11 years) and 210,501 TKA procedures performed in 178,350 patients (56% [117,337 of 210,501] were women, mean age 68 ± 9 years) included in this study. Logistic regression models were used to determine the concordance of the ASA and Rx-Risk scores and 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality. The Spearman correlation coefficient (r) was used to estimate the correlation between the ASA score and Rx-Risk score. All analyses were performed separately for THAs and TKAs. RESULTS We found both the ASA and Rx-Risk scores had high concordance with 30-day mortality after THA (ASA: c-statistic 0.83 [95% CI 0.79 to 0.86]; Rx-Risk: c-statistic 0.82 [95% CI 0.79 to 0.86]) and TKA (ASA: c-statistic 0.73 [95% CI 0.69 to 0.78]; Rx-Risk: c-statistic 0.74 [95% CI 0.70 to 0.79]). Although both scores were strongly associated with death, their correlation was moderate for patients undergoing THA (r = 0.45) and weak for TKA (r = 0.38). However, the median Rx-Risk score did increase with increasing ASA score. For example, for THAs, the median Rx-Risk score was 1, 3, 5, and 7 for ASA scores 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For TKAs, the median Rx-Risk score was 2, 4, 5, and 7 for ASA scores 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. CONCLUSION The ASA physical status and RxRisk were associated with 30-day and 90-day mortality; however, the scores were only weakly to moderately correlated with each other. This suggests that although both scores capture a similar level of patient illness, each score may be capturing different aspects of health. The Rx-Risk may be used as a complementary measure to the ASA score. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhairi M. Kerr
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephen E. Graves
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Duszynski
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria C. Inacio
- Registry of Senior Australians, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard N. de Steiger
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, University of Melbourne, Richmond, Australia
| | - Ian A. Harris
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Ilana N. Ackerman
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Louisa R. Jorm
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle F. Lorimer
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Aarti Gulyani
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicole L. Pratt
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Dillon MT, Page RS, Graves SE, Lorimer MF, Prentice HA, Harris JE, Paxton EW, Navarro RA. Early revision in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in osteoarthritis: a cross-registry comparison. Shoulder Elbow 2020; 12:81-87. [PMID: 33343719 PMCID: PMC7726180 DOI: 10.1177/1758573219842168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated anatomic total shoulders undergoing early revision (less than two years) in the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) and the Kaiser Permanente Shoulder Arthroplasty Registry (KPSAR). METHODS A cross-sectional comparison of both registries was performed between the years of 2009 and 2012. Only patients who underwent anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty for a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis were included. Aggregate-level data of patients undergoing early revisions done within two years of index arthroplasty were evaluated, and descriptive analysis was conducted. RESULTS During the study period, 4614 patients were identified in the AOANJRR compared to 2036 in the KPSAR. Rotator cuff pathology, component loosening, and prosthetic instability were among the most common reasons for revision in both registries. A higher rate of revision in the AOANJRR was found to be secondary to the failure of one specific prosthesis, which has since been discontinued. DISCUSSION Comparing reasons for early revision in total shoulder arthroplasty revealed several similarities between the AOANJRR and KPSAR. Differences were also noted, and this study served to highlight the importance prosthesis selection can play in determining outcomes. Cooperation among registries may allow for earlier identification of risk factors for failure in shoulder arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Dillon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Permanente Medical Group, Sacramento, CA, USA,Mark T Dillon, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Permanente Medical Group, 2025 Morse Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95825, USA.
| | - Richard S Page
- Deakin University School of Medicine, St. John of God Hospital, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen E Graves
- Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jessica E Harris
- Surgical Outcomes and Analysis, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Ronald A Navarro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Harbor City, CA, USA
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Hanly RJ, Whitehouse SL, Lorimer MF, de Steiger RN, Timperley AJ, Crawford RW, van Bavel D. The Outcome of Cemented Acetabular Components in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis Defines a Proficiency Threshold: Results of 22,956 Cases From the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. J Arthroplasty 2019; 34:1711-1717. [PMID: 31031154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2019.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The declining popularity of cemented acetabular components is incongruous, given the published results of prostheses implanted using contemporary techniques. The outcome of arthroplasty has previously been demonstrated to correlate with surgeon experience and volume of practice. We aim to explore if surgeon volume alters outcomes of cemented acetabular components based on survivorship data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). METHODS An observational study was undertaken using a cohort of 22,956 patients with a primary diagnosis of osteoarthritis in the period 2003-2016 in whom cemented acetabular components were implanted. The cohort was stratified by age (greater than or less than 65 years) and annualized surgical volume of ≤10, >10-≤25, and >25 cases. RESULTS Stratified by age and volume, there was a protective benefit against revision conveyed at volume thresholds of 10 cases per annum and 25 cases per annum for patients ≥65 years of age and <65 years of age, respectively. CONCLUSION Cemented total hip arthroplasty has excellent survivorship out to 15 years based on AOANJRR data. This survivorship is further improved if surgeons perform a higher volume of cases, with >25 cases conferring the greatest benefit. The AOANJRR data set is used to define best practice; surgeons who choose to utilize cemented acetabular fixation should be encouraged to perform this technique in adequate volumes to minimize revision risk and ensure the preservation of this important surgical skill set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Hanly
- Exeter Hip Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah L Whitehouse
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard N de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A John Timperley
- Exeter Hip Unit, Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK; College of Engineering, Maths and Physical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ross W Crawford
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dirk van Bavel
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Jorgensen NB, McAuliffe M, Orschulok T, Lorimer MF, de Steiger R. Major Aseptic Revision Following Total Knee Replacement: A Study of 478,081 Total Knee Replacements from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:302-310. [PMID: 30801369 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major revision is associated with less satisfactory outcomes, substantial complications, and added cost. Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) were analyzed to identify factors associated with major aseptic revision (MAR) of primary total knee replacement (TKR). METHODS The cumulative percent major aseptic revision rate following all primary TKRs performed in Australia from September 1, 1999, to December 31, 2015, was assessed. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship were utilized to describe the time to first revision. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for age and sex, were utilized to compare revision rates. RESULTS There were 5,973 MARs recorded from the total cohort of 478,081 primary TKRs. The cumulative percent MAR at 15 years was 3.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8% to 3.2%). Fixed bearings had a significantly lower rate of MAR at 15 years: 2.7% (95% CI, 2.4% to 2.9%) compared with 4.1% (95% CI, 3.8% to 4.5%) for mobile bearings (HR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.68 to 1.86]; p < 0.001). Age had a significant effect on MAR rates, with a cumulative percent revision at 15 years for patients <55 years old of 7.8% (95% CI, 6.5% to 9.2%) compared with 1.0% for those ≥75 years old (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.1%; p < 0.001). Minimally stabilized TKR had a lower rate of MAR compared with posterior-stabilized TKR after 2 years (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.77 to 0.90]; p < 0.001). Cementless fixation had a higher rate of revision than cemented or hybrid fixation. There was a higher rate of MAR with non-navigated compared with computer navigated TKR (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.21 to 1.44], p < 0.001). The tibial component was revised more commonly than the femoral component. CONCLUSIONS Younger age, posterior stabilization, cementless fixation, a mobile bearing, and non-navigation were risk factors for higher rates of MAR following TKR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Jorgensen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ipswich General Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael McAuliffe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ipswich General Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.,St Andrews Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Thomas Orschulok
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ipswich General Hospital, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard de Steiger
- Department of Surgery, Epworth HealthCare, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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13
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Stocks NP, Broadbent JL, Lorimer MF, Tideman P, Chew DP, Wittert G, Ryan P. The Heart Health Study - increasing cardiovascular risk assessment in family practice for first degree relatives of patients with premature ischaemic heart disease: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Fam Pract 2015; 16:116. [PMID: 26336072 PMCID: PMC4559298 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-015-0328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment in adult first degree relatives of patients with premature ischaemic heart disease (PIHD) using written and verbal advice. METHODS DESIGN A prospective, randomised controlled trial. SETTING Cardiovascular wards at three South Australian hospitals. Cardiovascular risk assessments were performed in general practice. PARTICIPANTS Patients experiencing PIHD (heart disease in men aged <55 years or women aged < 65 years) and their first degree relatives. INTERVENTION Patients distributed either general information about heart disease and written advice to attend their general practitioner (GP) for CVD risk assessment or general information about heart disease only, to their first degrees relatives. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome was the proportion of relatives who attended their GP for CVD risk assessment within 6 months of the patients' PIHD event. RESULTS One hundred forty four patients were recruited who had 541 eligible relatives; 97/541 (18 %) of relatives agreed to participate. A larger number of intervention 41/55 (75 %) than control group 9/42 (21 %) [difference 53 %, 95 % CI 36 % - 71 %] relatives attended their GP for a CVD assessment, and 34 % of these had moderate to very high 5-year absolute risk for CVD. CONCLUSION This low cost intervention demonstrates that individuals who have a family history of PIHD and are at moderate or high risk of CVD can be targeted for early intervention of modifiable risk factors. Further research is required to improve the uptake of the intervention in relatives. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN), Registration ID 12613000557730 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel P Stocks
- Discipline of General Practice, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Jessica L Broadbent
- Discipline of General Practice, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Michelle F Lorimer
- Data Management and Analysis Centre, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Philip Tideman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Derek P Chew
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Gary Wittert
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Philip Ryan
- School of Population Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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14
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Abed HS, Wittert GA, Leong DP, Shirazi MG, Bahrami B, Middeldorp ME, Lorimer MF, Lau DH, Antic NA, Brooks AG, Abhayaratna WP, Kalman JM, Sanders P. Effect of weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management on symptom burden and severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013; 310:2050-60. [PMID: 24240932 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.280521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Obesity is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Whether weight reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor management can reduce the burden of atrial fibrillation is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of weight reduction and management of cardiometabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation burden and cardiac structure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Single-center, partially blinded, randomized controlled study conducted between June 2010 and December 2011 in Adelaide, Australia, among overweight and obese ambulatory patients (N = 150) with symptomatic atrial fibrillation. Patients underwent a median of 15 months of follow-up. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to weight management (intervention) or general lifestyle advice (control). Both groups underwent intensive management of cardiometabolic risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes were Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale scores: symptom burden and symptom severity. Scores were measured every 3 months from baseline to 15 months. Secondary outcomes performed at baseline and 12 months were total atrial fibrillation episodes and cumulative duration measured by 7-day Holter, echocardiographic left atrial area, and interventricular septal thickness. RESULTS Of 248 patients screened, 150 were randomized (75 per group) and underwent follow-up. The intervention group showed a significantly greater reduction, compared with the control group, in weight (14.3 and 3.6 kg, respectively; P < .001) and in atrial fibrillation symptom burden scores (11.8 and 2.6 points, P < .001), symptom severity scores (8.4 and 1.7 points, P < .001), number of episodes (2.5 and no change, P = .01), and cumulative duration (692-minute decline and 419-minute increase, P = .002). Additionally, there was a reduction in interventricular septal thickness in the intervention and control groups (1.1 and 0.6 mm, P = .02) and left atrial area (3.5 and 1.9 cm2, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, weight reduction with intensive risk factor management resulted in a reduction in atrial fibrillation symptom burden and severity and in beneficial cardiac remodeling. These findings support therapy directed at weight and risk factors in the management of atrial fibrillation. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12610000497000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany S Abed
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia2Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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15
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Benson J, Phillips C, Kay M, Webber MT, Ratcliff AJ, Correa-Velez I, Lorimer MF. Low vitamin B12 levels among newly-arrived refugees from Bhutan, Iran and Afghanistan: a multicentre Australian study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57998. [PMID: 23469126 PMCID: PMC3585239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent in many countries of origin of refugees. Using a threshold of 5% above which a prevalence of low Vitamin B12 is indicative of a population health problem, we hypothesised that Vitamin B12 deficiency exceeds this threshold among newly-arrived refugees resettling in Australia, and is higher among women due to their increased risk of food insecurity. This paper reports Vitamin B12 levels in a large cohort of newly arrived refugees in five Australian states and territories. METHODS In a cross-sectional descriptive study, we collected Vitamin B12, folate and haematological indices on all refugees (n = 916; response rate 94% of eligible population) who had been in Australia for less than one year, and attended one of the collaborating health services between July 2010 and July 2011. RESULTS 16.5% of participants had Vitamin B12 deficiency (<150 pmol/L). One-third of participants from Iran and Bhutan, and one-quarter of participants from Afghanistan had Vitamin B12 deficiency. Contrary to our hypothesis, low Vitamin B12 levels were more prevalent in males than females. A higher prevalence of low Vitamin B12 was also reported in older age groups in some countries. The sensitivity of macrocytosis in detecting Vitamin B12 deficiency was only 4.6%. CONCLUSION Vitamin B12 deficiency is an important population health issue in newly-arrived refugees from many countries. All newly-arrived refugees should be tested for Vitamin B12 deficiency. Ongoing research should investigate causes, treatment, and ways to mitigate food insecurity, and the contribution of such measures to enhancing the health of the refugee communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Benson
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Abstract
In this paper, methods used to collect microbiological data and the common statistical technique used to analyse such data are discussed. An alternative statistical approach, considered more appropriate for many microbial datasets is suggested. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated using a simulation study and then, for a practical example, its application in a study on the effectiveness of a decontamination process for chicken carcases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Lorimer
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Glenside, SA 5065, Australia.
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17
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Kakar MA, Maddocks S, Lorimer MF, Kleemann DO, Rudiger SR, Hartwich KM, Walker SK. The effect of peri-conception nutrition on embryo quality in the superovulated ewe. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1090-103. [PMID: 16125553 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that oocyte/embryo quality in the sheep is affected by nutrient status during the cycle of conception. This study aimed to determine, in the superovulated ewe, if there are stages during the peri-conception period (-18 days to +6 days relative to the day of ovulation [Day 0]) when quality is more likely to be influenced by nutrition. In Experiment 1, ewes were provided with either a 0.5 x maintenance (L), 1.0 x maintenance (M) or 1.5 x maintenance (H) diet (in terms of daily energy requirements) during the peri-conception period. Diet did not affect the mean ovulation rate (range: 15.4+/-1.47 to 16.1+/-1.55) nor the mean number of embryos collected per ewe (range: 10.9+/-2.05 to 12.4+/-1.82) but there was an increase (P<0.05) in the mean number of cells per blastocyst in the L diet (74.7+/-1.45) compared with either the M (66.4+/-1.29) or H (62.0+/-0.84) diets. This increase was due to an increase in the number of trophectoderm (Tr) cells, resulting in a shift (P<0.05) in the Tr:inner cell mass (ICM) cell ratio (range 0.69+/-0.03 to 0.73+/-0.04). In Experiment 2, six diets (HHH, MHH, MHL, MLH, MLL and LLL) were imposed during three 6-day periods commencing 12 days before and continuing until 6 days after ovulation. Although diet had minimal effect on the superovulatory response, both the mean number of cells per blastocyst and the Tr:ICM ratio were increased (P<0.05) when the L diet was provided after Day 0 (diets MHL, MLL and LLL). It is concluded that the ewe is able to respond to acute changes in nutrition imposed immediately after ovulation, resulting in changes in embryo development including cell lineage differentiation. The significance of these findings, in terms of fetal development, embryo-maternal signalling and the nutritional management of the ewe is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kakar
- Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide, Livestock Systems Alliance, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify numbers of leucocytes, keratinocytes and microorganisms in, as well as the turgidity, colour and consistency of, anal sac exudates in clinically normal dogs. DESIGN Selection criteria were formed based on the absence of clinical signs associated with anal sac disease, and the absence of factors potentially affecting colonic flora. Anal sacs were palpated for turgidity then expressed onto a swab, where colour and consistency were noted. A squash preparation made from any exudate was heat fixed and stained with modified Wright's stain. Eight representative 1000x oil immersion fields from each were examined for leucocytes, erythrocytes, keratinocytes, bacteria and yeast. Results were summarised, and cytological counts grouped into quartiles (minimal, few, moderate, numerous). Due to the multivariate nature of the study and limited subject numbers, further significant statistical analysis could not be performed. RESULTS Seventeen dogs satisfied the selection criteria. The physical characteristics of the exudate and sac varied, though 31/34 sacs were empty or soft, 22/27 exudates were light or dark brown and 19/27 exudates were a thin liquid. Total leucocyte, keratinocyte and bacilli counts were extremely variable. Yeasts were present in 26/208 microscopic fields examined cytologically. Only 5/208 fields showed numerous cocci. A single instance of intracellular bacteria and a single erythrocyte were noted following examination of all fields. CONCLUSION In this study, the characteristics of normal anal sacs and their exudate varied but greater than 70% showed similar features. Exudate cytology was highly variable, though yeasts were uncommon, and intracellular cocci and erythrocytes extremely rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Robson
- Animal Skin and Allergy Service, Melbourne Veterinary Specialist Centre, 70 Blackburn Road, Glen Waverley, Victoria 3150
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Cavagnaro TR, Smith FA, Lorimer MF, Haskard KA, Ayling SM, Smith SE. Quantitative development of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas formed between Asphodelus fistulosus and Glomus coronatum. New Phytol 2001; 149:105-113. [PMID: 33853237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Arum- and Paris-type symbioses are the two main morphological types of arbuscular mycorrhiza. Here, the developmental time-course of the Paris-type association formed from colonization of Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) by Glomus coronatum is presented. • Development was monitored over 27 d. Root colonization was assessed using a modification of the magnified intersects technique (MIT), for investigating the interdependence (thus IMIT) of structures. • Hyphal and arbusculate coils were found predominantly in the outer and inner cortex of the root, respectively. The interdependence of external hyphae, hyphal coils and arbusculate coils was determined during the relatively slow development of the symbiosis. • The time required for development of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas is slower than for the Arum type, and both time and space influence the formation of hyphal coils. Use of IMIT for scoring colonization allows determination of the interdependence of different fungal structures, and thus the technique has potentially wide applications, such as in relating the presence of different structures to signals from molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Cavagnaro
- Department of Soil and Water, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- The Centre for Plant Root Symbioses, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - F A Smith
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- The Centre for Plant Root Symbioses, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - M F Lorimer
- BiometricsSA, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - K A Haskard
- BiometricsSA, SARDI, GPO Box 397, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - S M Ayling
- Department of Soil and Water, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- The Centre for Plant Root Symbioses, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - S E Smith
- Department of Soil and Water, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
- The Centre for Plant Root Symbioses, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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