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Russell AJ, DuVall M, Barthel B, Qian Y, Peter AK, Newell-Stamper BL, Hunt K, Lehman SJ, Madden MR, Schlachter ST, Robertson BD, Van Deusen A, Rodriguez HM, Vera CD, Su Y, Claflin DR, Brooks SV, Nghiem PP, Rutledge A, Juehne TI, Yu J, Barton ER, Luo YE, Patsalos A, Nagy L, Sweeney HL, Leinwand LA, Koch K. Modulating fast skeletal muscle contraction protects skeletal muscle in animal models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:153837. [PMID: 36995778 PMCID: PMC10178848 DOI: 10.1172/jci153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disease caused by absence of the protein dystrophin, which acts as a structural link between the basal lamina and contractile machinery to stabilize muscle membranes from mechanical stress. In DMD, mechanical stress leads to exaggerated membrane injury and fiber breakdown, with fast fibers being the most susceptible to damage. A major contributor to this injury is muscle contraction, controlled by the motor protein myosin. However, the relationship between how muscle contraction and fast muscle fiber damage contribute to the pathophysiology of DMD has not been well characterized. We explored the role of fast skeletal muscle contraction in DMD with a novel, selective, orally active inhibitor of fast skeletal muscle myosin, EDG-5506. Surprisingly, even modest decreases of contraction (<15%) were sufficient to protect skeletal muscles in dystrophic mdx mice from stress injury. Longer-term treatment also decreased muscle fibrosis in key disease-implicated tissues. Importantly, therapeutic levels of myosin inhibition with EDG-5506 did not detrimentally affect strength or coordination. Finally, in dystrophic dogs, EDG-5506 reversibly reduced circulating muscle injury biomarkers and increased habitual activity. This unexpected biology may represent an important alternative treatment strategy for Duchenne and related myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Russell
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Mike DuVall
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Benjamin Barthel
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Ying Qian
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Angela K Peter
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin Hunt
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Sarah J Lehman
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Molly R Madden
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Stephen T Schlachter
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Benjamin D Robertson
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Ashleigh Van Deusen
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
| | | | - Carlos D Vera
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Yu Su
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Dennis R Claflin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Peter P Nghiem
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Alexis Rutledge
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Twlya I Juehne
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Yangyi E Luo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Health and Human Performance, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, IFBR, John Hopkins University Medical School, St. Petersburg, United States of America
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, IFBR, John Hopkins University Medical School, St. Petersburg, United States of America
| | - H Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States of America
| | - Kevin Koch
- BioFrontiers Institute, Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, United States of America
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Herzog W, Schappacher G, DuVall M, Leonard TR, Herzog JA. Residual Force Enhancement Following Eccentric Contractions: A New Mechanism Involving Titin. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:300-12. [PMID: 27252165 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00049.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Eccentric muscle properties are not well characterized by the current paradigm of the molecular mechanism of contraction: the cross-bridge theory. Findings of force contributions by passive structural elements a decade ago paved the way for a new theory. Here, we present experimental evidence and theoretical support for the idea that the structural protein titin contributes to active force production, thereby explaining many of the unresolved properties of eccentric muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Herzog
- University of Calgary Human Performance Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - G Schappacher
- University of Calgary Human Performance Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M DuVall
- University of Calgary Human Performance Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - T R Leonard
- University of Calgary Human Performance Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J A Herzog
- University of Calgary Human Performance Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract
It has been accepted for half a century that, for a given level of activation, the steady-state isometric force of a muscle sarcomere depends exclusively on the amount of overlap between the contractile filaments actin and myosin, or equivalently sarcomere length (Gordon AM et al., J Physiol 184: 170–192, 1966). Moreover, according to the generally accepted paradigm of muscle contraction, the cross-bridge theory (Huxley AF, Prog Biophys Biophys Chem 7: 255–318, 1957), this steady-state isometric sarcomere force is independent of the muscle's contractile history (Huxley AF, Prog Biophys Biophys Chem 7: 255–318, 1957; Walcott S and Herzog W, Math Biosci 216: 172–186, 2008); i.e., it is independent of whether a muscle is held at a constant length before and during the contraction or whether the muscle is shortened or lengthened to the same constant length. This, however, is not the case, as muscles and single fibers that are stretched show greatly increased steady-state isometric forces compared with preparations that are held at a constant length (Abbott BC and Aubert XM, J Physiol 117: 77–86, 1952; De Ruiter CJ et al., J Physiol 526.3: 671–681, 2000; Edman KAP et al., J Physiol 281: 139–155, 1978; Edman KAP et al., J Gen Physiol 80: 769–784, 1982; Edman KAP and Tsuchiya T, J Physiol 490.1: 191–205, 1996). This so-called “residual force enhancement” (Edman KAP et al., J Gen Physiol 80: 769–784, 1982) offers a perplexing puzzle for muscle physiologists. Many theories have been advanced to address the discrepancy between prediction and observation with the most popular and accepted being the sarcomere length nonuniformity theory (Morgan DL, Biophys J 57: 209–221, 1990), which explains the residual force enhancement with the development of large nonuniformities in sarcomere lengths during muscle stretching. Here, we performed experiments in mechanically isolated sarcomeres and observed that the residual force enhancement following active stretching is preserved. Since our preparation utilizes a single sarcomere, a redistribution of the length of neighboring sarcomeres to produce the higher force following stretch is, by design, precluded. Furthermore, the enhanced forces in the single sarcomeres always exceed the isometric forces on the plateau of the force-length relationship, thereby eliminating the possibility that our result might have been obtained because of a redistribution of half-sarcomere lengths. Since force enhancement in single myofibrils has been associated with actin-titin interactions (Kulke M et al., Circ Res 89: 874–881, 2001; Li Q et al., Biophys J 69: 1508–1518, 1995) and calcium binding to titin (Joumaa V et al., Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 294: C74–C78, 2008; Labeit D et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 13716–13721, 2003), titin may regulate the sarcomeric force enhancement observed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Leonard
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M. DuVall
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - W. Herzog
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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