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Muñoz-Chimeno M, Valencia J, Rodriguez-Recio A, Cuevas G, Garcia-Lugo A, Manzano S, Rodriguez-Paredes V, Fernandez B, Morago L, Casado C, Avellón A, Ryan P. HCV, HIV AND HBV rapid test diagnosis in non-clinical outreach settings can be as accurate as conventional laboratory tests. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7554. [PMID: 37160925 PMCID: PMC10170094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Point of care rapid diagnostic tests (POC-RDT) for Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), are ideal for screening in non-clinical outreach settings as they can provide immediate results and facilitate diagnosis, allowing high risk population screening. The aim of this study was to compare POC-RDT with laboratory conventional tests. A total of 301 vulnerable evaluable subjects (drug users, migrants and homeless population) were recruited at a mobile screening unit in outreach settings in Madrid. Fingerprick whole blood capillary samples were tested using the SD BIOLINE HCV POC-RDT, Determine HIV Early Detect and Determine HBsAg 2, and the results were assessed against the LIAISON XL HCV, HIV and Murex-HBsAg-Quant, reference assays, respectively. The feasibility and user satisfaction of the POC-RDT were evaluated through a questionnaire. The resolved sensitivity and resolved specificity and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were as follows, respectively: SD-BIOLINE-HCV: 98.8% (95% CI 93.4, 100.0) and 100.0% (95% CI 98.3, 100.0); Determine HIV Early Detect: 100% (95% CI 85.2, 100.0) and 100% (95% CI 98.7, 100); and Determine HBsAg 2: 66.7% (95% CI 9.4, 99.2) and 100.0% (95% CI 98.7, 100.0). As expected, the number of subjects with a confirmed positive result for HBsAg was very low (n = 4). Therefore, the analytical sensitivity has been evaluated in addition: The Determine HBsAg 2 test demonstrated 100% sensitivity for standard concentrations ≥ 0.125 IU/mL. The subject questionnaire yielded positive feedback for most subjects. The POC-RDT fingerprick blood collection method was well received, and the tests demonstrated a comparable clinical performance with conventional tests in outreach settings and vulnerable high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Muñoz-Chimeno
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Rodriguez-Recio
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Garcia-Lugo
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lucía Morago
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Casado
- Molecular Virology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Avellón
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBERESP Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER Infectious Diseases (CB 21/13/00044), Madrid, Spain.
- Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Ruiz-López MJ, Muñoz-Chimeno M, Figuerola J, Gavilán AM, Varona S, Cuesta I, Martínez-de la Puente J, Zaballos Á, Molero F, Soriguer RC, Sánchez-Seco MP, Ruiz S, Vázquez A. Genomic Analysis of West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Detected in Mosquitoes during the 2020-2021 Outbreaks in Andalusia, Spain. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020266. [PMID: 36851481 PMCID: PMC9962355 DOI: 10.3390/v15020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are one of the most important global health challenges because of their impact on human and animal health. The vector-borne West Nile virus (WNV) is transmitted between birds by mosquitos, but it can also infect humans and horses causing disease. The local circulation of WNV in Spain has been known for decades, and since 2010, there have been regular outbreaks in horses, although only six cases were reported in humans until 2019. In 2020, Spain experienced a major outbreak with 77 human cases, which was followed by 6 additional cases in 2021, most of them in the Andalusian region (southern Spain). This study aimed to characterize the genomes of the WNV circulating in wild-trapped mosquitoes during 2020 and 2021 in Andalusia. We sequenced the WNV consensus genome from two mosquito pools and carried out the phylogenetic analyses. We also compared the obtained genomes with those sequenced from human samples obtained during the outbreak and the genomes obtained previously in Spain from birds (2007 and 2017), mosquitoes (2008) and horses (2010) to better understand the eco-epidemiology of WNV in Spain. As expected, the WNV genomes recovered from mosquito pools in 2020 were closely related to those recovered from humans of the same outbreak. In addition, the strain of WNV circulating in 2021 was highly related to the WNV strain that caused the 2020 outbreak, suggesting that WNV is overwintering in the area. Consequently, future outbreaks of the same strain may occur in in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Ruiz-López
- Estación Biológica de Doñana—CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Milagros Muñoz-Chimeno
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Figuerola
- Estación Biológica de Doñana—CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. Gavilán
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarai Varona
- Unidad Bioinformática, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la UNED (EIDUNED), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28232 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Unidad Bioinformática, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josué Martínez-de la Puente
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Zaballos
- Unidad Genómica, Unidades Centrales Científico-Técnicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Molero
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón C. Soriguer
- Estación Biológica de Doñana—CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Sánchez-Seco
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Control de Mosquitos de la Diputación Provincial de Huelva, Ctra. Hospital Infanta Elena s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Muñoz-Chimeno M, Rodriguez-Paredes V, García-Lugo MA, Avellon A. Hepatitis E genotype 3 genome: A comprehensive analysis of entropy, motif conservation, relevant mutations, and clade-associated polymorphisms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1011662. [PMID: 36274715 PMCID: PMC9582770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1011662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) is an EU/EEA emergent zoonosis. HEV-3 clades/subtypes have been described. Its genome contains ORF1, which encodes nonstructural proteins for virus replication, ORF2, the capsid protein, and ORF3, a multifunctional protein involved in virion pathogenesis. The study aims with respect to HEV-3 are to: (1) calculate genome entropy (excluding hypervariable region); (2) analyze the described motifs/mutations; (3) characterize clade/subtype genome polymorphisms. Seven hundred and five sequences from the GenBank database were used. The highest entropies were identified in zoonotic genotypes (HEV-3 and HEV-4) with respect to HEV-1 in X domain, RdRp, ORF2, and ORF3. There were statistically significant differences in the entropy between proteins, protease and ORF3 being the most variable and Y domain being the most conserved. Methyltransferase and Y domain motifs were completely conserved. By contrast, essential protease H581 residue and catalytic dyad exhibited amino acid changes in 1.8% and 0.4% of sequences, respectively. Several X domain amino acids were associated with clades. We found sequences with mutations in all helicase motifs except number IV. Helicase mutations related to increased virulence and/or fulminant hepatitis were frequent, the 1,110 residue being a typical HEV-3e and HEV-3f-A2 polymorphism. RdRp motifs III, V, VII also had high mutation rates. Motif III included residues that are polymorphisms of HEV-3e (F1449) and HEV-3 m (D1451). RdRp ribavirin resistance mutations were frequent, mainly 1479I (67.4, 100% in HEV-3efglmk) and 1634R/K (10.0%, almost 100% in HEV-3e). With respect to ORF2, 19/27 neutralization epitopes had mutations. The S80 residue in ORF3 presented mutations in 3.5% of cases. Amino acids in the ORF3-PSAP motif had high substitution rates, being more frequent in the first PSAP (44.8%) than in the second (1.5%). This is the first comprehensive analysis of the HEV-3 genome, aimed at improving our knowledge of the genome, and establishing the basis for future genotype-to-phenotype analysis, given that viral features associated with severity have not been explored in depth. Our results demonstrate there are important genetic differences in the studied genomes that sometimes affect significant viral structures, and constitute clade/subtype polymorphisms that may affect the clinical course or treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Muñoz-Chimeno
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Alcalá de Henares University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Avellon
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERESP Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Avellon,
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Muñoz-Chimeno M, Bartúren S, García-Lugo MA, Morago L, Rodríguez Á, Galán JC, Pérez-Rivilla A, Rodríguez M, Millán R, Del Álamo M, Alonso R, Molina L, Aguinaga A, Avellón A. Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 microbiological surveillance by the Spanish Reference Laboratory: geographic distribution and phylogenetic analysis of subtypes from 2009 to 2019. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35686567 PMCID: PMC9198656 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.23.2100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) is widely distributed throughout Europe, with incidence of infections increasing in many countries. Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have reported the distribution of HEV-3 subtypes in cohorts of patients with hepatic disease. Aim To describe the distribution of the HEV-3 subtypes in Spain at national and autonomous community (AC) levels between 2009 and 2019. The study was also extended to Andorra. Methods Of 5,197 samples received by the National Reference Laboratory during the study, 409 were HEV-RNA-positive. Among these, 294 (71.9%) were further typed based on an ORF2 sequence fragment, or, for a subset of 74, based on the full-coding genome sequence. Results HEV-3 was detected in 291 samples. The dominant subtype in Spain was HEV-3f (88.3%; 257/291), which occurred in all ACs, with no change in detection level over time. Within this subtype, three subclusters were characterised: HEV-3f-B, HEV-3f-A1 and HEV-3f-A2. The second most common HEV subtype was the recently described HEV-3m (7%; 21/291), with two subclusters identified: HEV-3m-A, which has been known since 2010, and HEV-3m-B, since 2014. The third most encountered subtype was HEV-3c (4.1%; 12/291), with a frequency not increasing over time, unlike observations in some European countries. Conclusion The importance of the surveillance of HEV-3 subtype and subcluster circulation is yet to be assessed. This surveillance together with the comprehensive epidemiological characterisation of clinical cases, could support the identification of sources of transmission and the establishment of control measures nationally and internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Muñoz-Chimeno
- Hepatitis Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Bartúren
- Hepatitis Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lucia Morago
- Hepatitis Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Rodríguez
- Hepatitis Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Rodríguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Grupo de Microbiología Traslacional (ISPA) Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosario Millán
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Alonso
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Molina
- Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Avellón
- CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.,Hepatitis Unit, National Centre of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Muñoz-Chimeno M, Cenalmor A, Garcia-Lugo MA, Hernandez M, Rodriguez-Lazaro D, Avellon A. Proline-Rich Hypervariable Region of Hepatitis E Virus: Arranging the Disorder. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091417. [PMID: 32942608 PMCID: PMC7564002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) hypervariable region (HVR) presents the highest divergence of the entire HEV genome. It is characteristically rich in proline, and so is also known as the “polyproline region” (PPR). HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) exhibits different PPR lengths due to insertions, PPR and/or RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) duplications and deletions. A total of 723 PPR-HEV sequences were analyzed, of which 137 HEV-3 sequences were obtained from clinical specimens (from acute and chronic infection) by Sanger sequencing. Eight swine stool/liver samples were also analyzed. N- and C-terminal fragments were confirmed as being conserved, but they harbored differences between genotypes and were not proline-plentiful regions. The genuine PPR is the intermediate region between them. HEV-3 PPR contains a higher percentage (30.4%) of prolines than other genotypes. We describe for the first time: (1) the specific placement of HEV-3 PPR rearrangements in sites 1 to 14 of the PPR, noting that duplications are more frequently attached to sites 11 and 12 (AAs 74–79 and 113–118, respectively); (2) the cadence of repetitions follows a circular-like pattern of blocks A to J, with F, G, H, and I being the most frequent; (3) a previously unreported insertion homologous to apolipoprotein C1; and (4) the increase in frequency of potential N-glycosylation sites and differences in AAs composition related to duplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Muñoz-Chimeno
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (A.C.); (M.A.G.-L.)
| | - Alejandro Cenalmor
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (A.C.); (M.A.G.-L.)
| | - Maira Alejandra Garcia-Lugo
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (A.C.); (M.A.G.-L.)
| | - Marta Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Microbiología, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain;
- Microbiology Division, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Avellon
- Hepatitis Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (A.C.); (M.A.G.-L.)
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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6
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Enkirch T, Severi E, Vennema H, Thornton L, Dean J, Borg ML, Ciccaglione AR, Bruni R, Christova I, Ngui SL, Balogun K, Němeček V, Kontio M, Takács M, Hettmann A, Korotinska R, Löve A, Avellón A, Muñoz-Chimeno M, de Sousa R, Janta D, Epštein J, Klamer S, Suin V, Aberle SW, Holzmann H, Mellou K, Ederth JL, Sundqvist L, Roque-Afonso AM, Filipović SK, Poljak M, Vold L, Stene-Johansen K, Midgley S, Fischer TK, Faber M, Wenzel JJ, Takkinen J, Leitmeyer K. Improving preparedness to respond to cross-border hepatitis A outbreaks in the European Union/European Economic Area: towards comparable sequencing of hepatitis A virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31311618 PMCID: PMC6636214 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.28.1800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sequence-based typing of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is important for outbreak detection, investigation and surveillance. In 2013, sequencing was central to resolving a large European Union (EU)-wide outbreak related to frozen berries. However, as the sequenced HAV genome regions were only partly comparable between countries, results were not always conclusive. Aim The objective was to gather information on HAV surveillance and sequencing in EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries to find ways to harmonise their procedures, for improvement of cross-border outbreak responses. Methods In 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted a survey on HAV surveillance practices in EU/EEA countries. The survey enquired whether a referral system for confirming primary diagnostics of hepatitis A existed as well as a central collection/storage of hepatitis A cases’ samples for typing. Questions on HAV sequencing procedures were also asked. Based on the results, an expert consultation proposed harmonised procedures for cross-border outbreak response, in particular regarding sequencing. In 2016, a follow-up survey assessed uptake of suggested methods. Results Of 31 EU/EEA countries, 23 (2014) and 27 (2016) participated. Numbers of countries with central collection and storage of HAV positive samples and of those performing sequencing increased from 12 to 15 and 12 to 14 respectively in 2016, with all countries typing an overlapping fragment of 218 nt. However, variation existed in the sequenced genomic regions and their lengths. Conclusions While HAV sequences in EU/EEA countries are comparable for surveillance, collaboration in sharing and comparing these can be further strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Enkirch
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ettore Severi
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Harry Vennema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lelia Thornton
- HSE - Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Dean
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Koye Balogun
- Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mia Kontio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mária Takács
- National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Arthur Löve
- Landspitali- National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ana Avellón
- Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rita de Sousa
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Denisa Janta
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sofieke Klamer
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Suin
- Sciensano, Directorate Infectious diseases in humans, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kassiani Mellou
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Line Vold
- Norwegian institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Thea Kølsen Fischer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirko Faber
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- National Reference Laboratory for HAV, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Takkinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Katrin Leitmeyer
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
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García N, Hernández M, Gutierrez-Boada M, Valero A, Navarro A, Muñoz-Chimeno M, Fernández-Manzano A, Escobar FM, Martínez I, Bárcena C, González S, Avellón A, Eiros JM, Fongaro G, Domínguez L, Goyache J, Rodríguez-Lázaro D. Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2990. [PMID: 32047480 PMCID: PMC6997137 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic hepatitis E, mainly caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype (gt) 3, is a foodborne disease that has emerged in Europe in recent decades. The main animal reservoir for genotype 3 is domestic pigs. Pig liver and liver derivates are considered the major risk products, and studies focused on the presence of HEV in pig muscles are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in different organs and tissues of 45 apparently healthy pigs from nine Spanish slaughterhouses (50% national production) that could enter into the food supply chain. Anti-HEV antibodies were evaluated in serum by an ELISA test. Ten samples from each animal were analyzed for the presence of HEV RNA by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The overall seroprevalence obtained was 73.3% (33/45). From the 450 samples analyzed, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were identified in the liver (7/45), feces (6/45), kidney (5/45), heart (4/45), serum (3/45), and diaphragm (1/45). This is the first report on detection of HEV RNA in kidney and heart samples of naturally infected pigs. HEV RNA detection was negative for rib, bacon, lean ham, and loin samples. These findings indicate that pig meat could be considered as a low risk material for foodborne HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea García
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hernández
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Maialen Gutierrez-Boada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
| | - Antonio Valero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Navarro
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Muñoz-Chimeno
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Hepatitis Víricas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Franco Matías Escobar
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Irene Martínez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bárcena
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio González
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Avellón
- Laboratorio de Referencia e Investigación en Hepatitis Víricas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Eiros
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Laboratory of Applied Virology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Lucas Domínguez
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Goyache
- VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez-Lázaro
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, Spain
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Hernández E, de Castro V, Avellón A, González I, Muniozguren N, Vázquez S, Muñoz-Chimeno M. Brote de hepatitis A asociado a un manipulador de alimentos en Bizkaia, 2017. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2019; 37:569-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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