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Montoya C, Taswell CSS, Studenski MT, Venkat SR, Thornton L, Zikria J, Mohan P, Portelance L, Yang F, Spieler B. Predictive Value of Day of Treatment SPECT/CT Radiomics in Lobar Y90 Radioembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e326. [PMID: 37785157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Transarterial Radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres is a well-tolerated liver-directed therapy for patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Y90 TARE uses pretreatment and post-treatment single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT for assessment of microsphere biodistribution within tumor. Patients who develop disease progression (PD) after lobar TARE have poor overall survival (OS). Conventional radiography can require several months follow-up to assess tumor response per modified RECIST (mRECIST), resulting in treatment delays for patients with PD. Predictive models capable of identifying patients at high risk for PD could prompt close surveillance and rapid initiation of salvage therapies, enhancing disease control (DC). Predictive models in various cancers have incorporated radiomics, an analytic technique that extracts digital patterns from medical imaging. We hypothesized that radiomics of immediate post-treatment SPECT/CT can predict objective response (OR) to Y90 TARE. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 38 lobar TARE treatments were assessed retrospectively. For all treatments, the prescribed dose was 120 Gy. SPECT/CT obtained immediately after TARE underwent radiomics analysis. A total of 75 features related to gray-level (GL) co-occurrence matrices (COM), dependency matrices (DM), run length matrices (RLM), zone size matrices (ZSM), and neighborhood difference matrices (NDM) were examined and balanced between cohorts with and without OR by aid of Gaussian noise up-sampling. Top features were chosen for a weighted k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier based on rank as determined by the RELIEF-F algorithm. Performance of the developed classifier was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Most patients (76%) were Child-Pugh A cirrhotic, while Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage was evenly distributed A to C. On radiographic review, 22 treatments (58%) achieved OR. The selected top features consisted of two from CT (GLNDM-based coarseness; GLDM-based small dependence low gray level emphasis) and two from SPECT (GLNDM-based coarseness; GLZSM-based zone entropy). The weighted KNN classifier built using the selected features demonstrated a relatively strong power for predicting OR, with a ROC area under curve (AUC) of 0.83. CONCLUSION In lobar TARE Y90 of inoperable HCC, a predictive model using texture features extracted from day of treatment SPECT/CT distinguished responders from non-responders with high accuracy. Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature and the absence of toxicity analysis. These findings suggest that predictive modeling incorporating SPECT/CT radiomics could enhance the therapeutic ratio for vulnerable HCC patients and merits further investigation in prospective clinical trials of Y90 TARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Montoya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - C S Seldon Taswell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - M T Studenski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - S R Venkat
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - L Thornton
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - J Zikria
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - P Mohan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - L Portelance
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - F Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - B Spieler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami/Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
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Heavey L, Garvey P, Colgan AM, Thornton L, Connell J, Roux T, Hunt M, O'Callaghan F, Culkin F, Keogan M, O'Connor N, O'Sullivan MB, O'Sullivan S, Tait M, De Gascun CF, Igoe D. The Study to Investigate COVID-19 Infection in People Living in Ireland (SCOPI): A seroprevalence study, June to July 2020. Euro Surveill 2021; 26. [PMID: 34857067 PMCID: PMC8641066 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2021.26.48.2001741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRobust data on SARS-CoV-2 population seroprevalence supplement surveillance data in providing evidence for public health action.AimTo conduct a SARS-CoV-2 population-based seroprevalence survey in Ireland.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, we selected population samples from individuals aged 12-69 years in counties Dublin and Sligo using the Health Service Executive Primary Care Reimbursement Service database as a sampling frame. Samples were selected with probability proportional to the general population age-sex distribution, and by simple random sampling within age-sex strata. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected using the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and confirmed using the Wantai Assay. We estimated the population SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence weighted for age, sex and geographic area.ResultsParticipation rates were 30% (913/3,043) and 44% (820/1,863) in Dublin and Sligo. Thirty-three specimens had detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (1.9%). We estimated weighted seroprevalences of 3.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.05-4.53) and 0.58% (95% CI: 0.18-1.38) for Dublin and Sligo, and 1.69% (95% CI: 1.13-2.41) nationally. This equates to an estimated 59,482 (95% CI: 39,772-85,176) people aged 12-69 years nationally having had infection with SARS-CoV-2, 3.0 (95% CI: 2.0-4.3) times higher than confirmed notifications. Ten participants reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 -infection; eight of these were antibody-positive. Twenty-five antibody-positive participants had not reported previous laboratory-confirmed infection.ConclusionThe majority of people in Ireland are unlikely to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by June-July 2020. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures remained key pending widespread availability of vaccination, and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heavey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia Garvey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife M Colgan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lelia Thornton
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeff Connell
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Roux
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meadhbh Hunt
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Fiona Culkin
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Keogan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Siobhán O'Sullivan
- Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michele Tait
- Office of the Chief Operations Officer, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cillian F De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derval Igoe
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bodansky
- Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - L Thornton
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - N Sargazi
- Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Philpott
- Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R Davies
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J Banks
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Poelman MP, Thornton L, Zenk S. Meal delivery and public health nutrition: a comparison study in three international cities. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The food environment has been recognized as a dominant driver of public health nutrition. Although planning mechanisms are increasingly being triggered to help control the proliferation of fast food outlets, the recent upsurge in meal delivery options has reshaped the food environment. Currently, we lack insight in the breath of meal delivery options. Therefore, this study sought to examine between-city differences and within-city socio-economic differences in the number of online meal delivery options and meal types.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three international cities. Across 10 sampled addresses in Chicago (USA), Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Melbourne (Australia), meal delivery options provided by a major international meal delivery company were sampled. Bonferroni adjusted Chi2-tests were conducted to assess between-city - and within-city socio-economic differences.
Results
Across the 10 sampled addresses in each city, there were 1668 delivery options in Chicago, 1496 in Amsterdam and 1159 in Melbourne. In total, 10220 keywords (representing 148 different meal types) were recorded across all delivery options. In Amsterdam and Melbourne, a greater number of options was available for the addresses in the least disadvantaged neighborhoods. Among all cities, sandwiches (14.6%), burgers (14.4%), and pizza (13.4%) were most commonly advertised. In contrast, salads (7.8%) and 'healthy' options (5.5.%) were less frequent offered for delivery.
Conclusions
Meals available for delivery did not favor a healthy diet, and healthy options were less often advertised then unhealthier ones. Currently, meal delivery platforms appear to operate in a largely unregulated environment continued growth is likely in the near future. It is vital that public health professionals and policy makers become aware of this online component of the food environment and its potential consequences for public health nutrition.
Key messages
Most commonly advertised meals for delivery do not favor a healthy diet, and healthy options were less often advertised then unhealthier ones. It is vital that public health professionals and policy makers become aware of the online component of the food environment and its potential consequences for public health nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Poelman
- Chairgroup Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - L Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - S Zenk
- Department of Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, USA
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Enkirch T, Severi E, Vennema H, Thornton L, Dean J, Borg ML, Ciccaglione AR, Bruni R, Christova I, Ngui SL, Balogun K, Němeček V, Kontio M, Takács M, Hettmann A, Korotinska R, Löve A, Avellón A, Muñoz-Chimeno M, de Sousa R, Janta D, Epštein J, Klamer S, Suin V, Aberle SW, Holzmann H, Mellou K, Ederth JL, Sundqvist L, Roque-Afonso AM, Filipović SK, Poljak M, Vold L, Stene-Johansen K, Midgley S, Fischer TK, Faber M, Wenzel JJ, Takkinen J, Leitmeyer K. Improving preparedness to respond to cross-border hepatitis A outbreaks in the European Union/European Economic Area: towards comparable sequencing of hepatitis A virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31311618 PMCID: PMC6636214 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.28.1800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sequence-based typing of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is important for outbreak detection, investigation and surveillance. In 2013, sequencing was central to resolving a large European Union (EU)-wide outbreak related to frozen berries. However, as the sequenced HAV genome regions were only partly comparable between countries, results were not always conclusive. Aim The objective was to gather information on HAV surveillance and sequencing in EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries to find ways to harmonise their procedures, for improvement of cross-border outbreak responses. Methods In 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted a survey on HAV surveillance practices in EU/EEA countries. The survey enquired whether a referral system for confirming primary diagnostics of hepatitis A existed as well as a central collection/storage of hepatitis A cases’ samples for typing. Questions on HAV sequencing procedures were also asked. Based on the results, an expert consultation proposed harmonised procedures for cross-border outbreak response, in particular regarding sequencing. In 2016, a follow-up survey assessed uptake of suggested methods. Results Of 31 EU/EEA countries, 23 (2014) and 27 (2016) participated. Numbers of countries with central collection and storage of HAV positive samples and of those performing sequencing increased from 12 to 15 and 12 to 14 respectively in 2016, with all countries typing an overlapping fragment of 218 nt. However, variation existed in the sequenced genomic regions and their lengths. Conclusions While HAV sequences in EU/EEA countries are comparable for surveillance, collaboration in sharing and comparing these can be further strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Enkirch
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ettore Severi
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Harry Vennema
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lelia Thornton
- HSE - Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Dean
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Iva Christova
- National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Koye Balogun
- Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mia Kontio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mária Takács
- National Public Health Institute, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Arthur Löve
- Landspitali- National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ana Avellón
- Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rita de Sousa
- National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Denisa Janta
- National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sofieke Klamer
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Suin
- Sciensano, Directorate Infectious diseases in humans, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan W Aberle
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kassiani Mellou
- Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Line Vold
- Norwegian institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Thea Kølsen Fischer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Statens Serum Institut (SSI), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirko Faber
- Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- National Reference Laboratory for HAV, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Takkinen
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
| | - Katrin Leitmeyer
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Solna, Sweden
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van Gemert CE, Murphy N, Mitchell TA, Hellard ME, Thornton L. Correction to: Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B virus in Ireland using routinely collected surveillance and administrative data, 2004–2014. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 187:813. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shah J, Geller B, Meiers C, Kolarich A, Alvarado C, Wang M, Iv C, Lubinski A, Thornton L, Ahmed A, Wiley S, Kapp M, Gilbride G, Bozorgmehri S, Grajo J, Toskich B. Abstract No. 543 Transarterial radioembolization hepatic biochemical safety analysis as a function of percent liver treated and administered dose. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Garvey P, O'Grady B, Franzoni G, Bolger M, Irwin Crosby K, Connell J, Burke D, De Gascun C, Thornton L. Hepatitis C virus seroprevalence and prevalence of chronic infection in the adult population in Ireland: a study of residual sera, April 2014 to February 2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 22:30579. [PMID: 28797323 PMCID: PMC5553053 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2017.22.30.30579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Robust data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) population prevalence are essential to inform national HCV services. In 2016, we undertook a survey to estimate HCV prevalence among the adult population in Ireland. We used anonymised residual sera available at the National Virus Reference Laboratory. We selected a random sample comprising persons ≥ 18 years with probability proportional to the general population age-sex distribution. Anti-HCV and HCV Ag were determined using the Architect anti-HCV and HCV Ag assays. Fifty-three of 3,795 specimens were seropositive (age-sex-area weighted seroprevalence 0.98% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–1.3%)). Thirty-three specimens were HCV-antigen and antibody-positive (age-sex-area weighted prevalence of chronic infection 0.57% (95% CI: 0.40–0.81%)). The prevalence of chronic infection was higher in men (0.91%; 95% CI: 0.61–1.4%), in specimens from the east of the country (1.4%; 95%CI: 0.99–2.0%), and among persons aged 30–39 years and 40–49 years (1.1% (95% CI: 0.59–2.0%) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.64–1.9%) respectively). Ireland ranks at the lower end of the spectrum of prevalence of chronic HCV infection internationally. Men born between 1965 and 1984 from the east of the country have the highest rate of chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garvey
- Health Service Executive - Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian O'Grady
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Franzoni
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve Bolger
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katie Irwin Crosby
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeff Connell
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Burke
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cillian De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lelia Thornton
- Health Service Executive - Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Burchell RK, Thornton L, Lim CK, Murakami M, Nakamura Y, Gal A. Presumptive migrating gall bladder mucocoele in two dogs with gall bladder rupture. J Small Anim Pract 2017; 60:58-61. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Burchell
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - L. Thornton
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - C. K. Lim
- Department of Veterinary and Clinical Sciences; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - M. Murakami
- Department of Veterinary and Clinical Sciences; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Y. Nakamura
- Higashida Veterinary Clinic; Osaka 569-1044 Japan
| | - A. Gal
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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Garvey P, Murphy N, Flanagan P, Brennan A, Courtney G, Crosbie O, Crowe J, Hegarty J, Lee J, McIver M, McNulty C, Murray F, Nolan N, O'Farrelly C, Stewart S, Tait M, Norris S, Thornton L. Disease outcomes in a cohort of women in Ireland infected by hepatitis C-contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin during 1970s. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1140-1147. [PMID: 28843656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM In the mid-1990s, a group of Rh negative women was diagnosed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b infection, following administration of contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin in 1977-79. We aimed to describe their disease history and estimate the effect of selected host and treatment factors on disease progression. METHODS We conducted a cohort study on the women infected with HCV. Information was collected from records at seven HCV treatment centres on demographics, treatment and health outcomes up to the 31st December 2013. We calculated cumulative incidence, case fatality, and sub hazard ratios (SHR) for disease progression using competing risks regression. RESULTS Six hundred and eighty-two patients were included in the study. Among the chronically infected patients (n=374), 35% completed interferon-based antiviral treatment; 42% of whom had a sustained virological response. At the end of 2013, 19%, 1.9%, and 4.9% of chronically infected patients had developed cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death, respectively, compared with 10%, 0.8%, and 2.4% at the end of 2008. At the end of 2013, 321 (86%) of the chronically infected patients remained alive, 247 (77%) of whom were still chronically infected. Factors associated with increased cirrhosis rates included high alcohol intake (aSHR=4.9 [2.5-9.5]) and diabetes mellitus (aSHR=5.0 [2.9-8.8]). CONCLUSIONS Development of liver-related outcomes accelerated with time, with the risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death doubling in the last five years of follow-up, particularly in women with high alcohol consumption and diabetes mellitus. We recommend that patients with chronic HCV infection be advised of the additive harmful effect of alcohol, and that data be collected on this cohort after a further five years to analyse the effect of subsequent antiviral treatment during this rapidly evolving period in HCV treatment history. LAY SUMMARY In the mid-1990s, a group of women were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection following receipt of contaminated anti-D immunoglobulin between 1977 and 1979 in Ireland. Seventy-two (19%) developed cirrhosis and 18 had died from liver-related causes (5%) after 36years of infection. Disease progression accelerated in the last five years of follow-up, particularly in women with diabetes mellitus and high alcohol consumption. We recommend that patients with chronic HCV infection be advised of the additive harmful effect of high alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garvey
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Niamh Murphy
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Flanagan
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aline Brennan
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - John Crowe
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Hegarty
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Lee
- University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Margaret McIver
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Niamh Nolan
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Michele Tait
- Health Service Executive, Dr. Steevens Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lelia Thornton
- Health Service Executive-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Lambe K, Thornton L, Jepson R, Robertson T. Socioeconomic patterning of food and drink advertising at transport stops in Edinburgh, UK. Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Lambe
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - R Jepson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Pearce A, Thornton L, Sutton PA, Walsh CJ. Post-operative C-reactive protein profile following abdominal wall reconstruction with transversus abdominis posterior components separation. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 40:17-19. [PMID: 28917217 PMCID: PMC5602949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abdominal wall reconstruction using posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release (AWTAR) produces a unique post-operative CRP profile, when compared to routine elective colorectal operations. Therefore, we aim to establish the normal post-operative C-reactive protein (poCRP) profile following AWRTAR and reduce the unnecessary invasive interventions in patients already at greater risk of septic complications. METHODS A retrospective analysis of daily poCRP levels was performed both for patients who underwent uncomplicated AWRTAR (n=12), and a comparator group of uncomplicated open right hemicolectomies (RH) matched for age and sex (n=24). All operations in both groups were performed by a single surgeon from 2013 to 2015. RESULTS The median (IQR) age was 62 (16) and 67 (16) years respectively, with a higher proportion of males to females in both groups (10:2 vs. 17:7). The poCRP profile follows an initial steep rise, peaking at day 2 followed by a gradual washout phase. The poCRP peak is significantly greater in the AWRTAR group compared to the RH group (274 [95%CI ±25] vs. 160 [95%CI±27]; p=0.0001), with a positive correlation between day 2 CRP levels and operative length (r=0.56). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that uncomplicated AWRTAR provokes a significantly greater poCRP rise (>200) compared to that well described in the literature for uncomplicated open colectomy. As poCRP is an important marker of post-operative recovery with abnormally high levels associated with septic complications, these data should help clinicians interpret the post-operative clinical course after AWRTAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pearce
- Department of Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Upton, Wirral CH49 5PE, United Kingdom
| | - L Thornton
- Department of Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Upton, Wirral CH49 5PE, United Kingdom
| | - P A Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Upton, Wirral CH49 5PE, United Kingdom
| | - C J Walsh
- Department of Surgery, Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Road, Upton, Wirral CH49 5PE, United Kingdom.
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Murphy N, O'Mahony B, Flanagan P, Noone D, White B, Bergin C, Norris S, Thornton L. Progression of hepatitis C in the haemophiliac population in Ireland, after 30 years of infection in the pre-DAA treatment era. Haemophilia 2017; 23:712-720. [PMID: 28752601 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior to the introduction of viral inactivation of factor concentrates and screening of blood, 225 people with haemophilia became infected with hepatitis C (HCV) in Ireland. AIM Our aim was to assess liver disease progression and mortality in this population after 30 years of infection. METHODS Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records in five hepatology units and one infectious disease unit retrospectively in 2005, and on four subsequent occasions. RESULTS The participation rate was 73% (165/225). Eighty three percent of patients, who had been tested for RNA (n = 106/128), developed chronic HCV infection. Thirty four percent were co-infected with HIV. All-cause mortality, after approximately 30 years of infection with chronic HCV, was 44% in HIV positive patients and 29% in HIV negative patients. Liver-related mortality was 12.5% and did not vary significantly by HIV status. Thirty seven percent of patients had developed advanced liver disease, including 20% with cirrhosis and 9% with hepatocellular carcinoma. In the pre-interferon-free direct acting antivirals era, 57% (n = 60/106) of patients were treated for HCV, 65% of whom achieved a sustained virological response. Successfully treated patients had few adverse liver outcomes. CONCLUSION After 30 years of infection, 40% of the patients who had evidence of chronic HCV had developed advanced liver disease, such as cirrhosis and HCC, or had died from liver-related causes. This proportion is high relative to similar international cohorts despite good anti-HCV treatment uptake and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Murphy
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B O'Mahony
- Irish Haemophilia Society, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Flanagan
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Noone
- Irish Haemophilia Society, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B White
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Bergin
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Norris
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Thornton
- HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
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Iqbal M, McCormick PA, Cannon M, Murphy N, Flanagan P, Kennelly JE, Thornton L. Long-term follow-up of patients with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C: does viral clearance mean cure? Ir Med J 2017; 110:582. [PMID: 28952672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Up to 40% of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies are negative for HCV RNA at initial evaluation. If there is a risk of viral re-activation, long term follow-up is required with attendant financial, psychological and medical implications. We investigated the risk of re-activation in the Irish anti-D cohort. Information was obtained from the national hepatitis C database which includes data on patients infected by anti-D immunoglobulin in two large outbreaks, 1977-9 and 1991-94. As part of a screening programme, starting in 1994, 64,907 females exposed to anti-D immunoglobulin were evaluated. Three hundred and forty-seven were found to be antibody positive but HCV RNA negative at initial assessment. 93% had subsequent RNA tests. There was no evidence of HCV recurrence in patients whose infection resolved spontaneously. It appears that two initial sequential negative results for HCV RNA are sufficient to confirm spontaneous viral clearance and probable cure of hepatitis C virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal
- National Liver Transplant Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin
| | - P A McCormick
- National Liver Transplant Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin
| | - M Cannon
- National Liver Transplant Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin
| | - N Murphy
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Flanagan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J E Kennelly
- National Liver Transplant Unit, St Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin
| | - L Thornton
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
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Thornton L, Shah J, Geller B, Kapp M, Gilbride G, Toskich B. Safety of radioembolization in the setting of angiographically apparent arterioportal shunting. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.12.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Carew AM, Murphy N, Long J, Hunter K, Lyons S, Walsh C, Thornton L. Incidence of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs in Ireland. Hepatol Med Policy 2017; 2:7. [PMID: 30288320 PMCID: PMC6171004 DOI: 10.1186/s41124-017-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Comprehensive information on the incidence and duration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for people who inject drugs (PWID) in Ireland is not available. We created an incidence curve of injecting drug use in Ireland and subsequently estimated incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods Anonymised data from the National Drug Treatment Reporting System (NDTRS) were used to identify all people who inject drugs (PWIDs) and who entered drug treatment for the first time between 1991 and 2014. A curve, estimating the incidence of injecting, was created to plot PWIDs by year of commencing injecting. The curve was adjusted for missing data on PWIDs in treatment and for PWIDs who were never treated. An adjustment was made to account for injectors who had never shared injecting equipment. The incidence of HCV infection and chronic infection in PWIDs was estimated by applying published rates. Results Between 1991 and 2014, 14,320 injectors were registered on NDTRS. The majority were young (median age 25 years), male (74%), lived in Dublin (73%) and injected an opiate (e.g. heroin) (94%). The estimated total number of injectors up to the end of 2014 was 16,382. An estimated 12,423 (95% CI 10,799-13,161) were infected with HCV, and 9,317 (95% CI 8,022-9,996) became chronically infected. The estimated annual number of new HCV infections among PWIDs increased steeply from the late 1970s and peaked in 1998. By 2014, almost 30% of injectors were estimated to have been infected for over 20 years. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive national estimate of the incidence of HCV in PWIDs in Ireland and will inform planning and developing appropriate health care services. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41124-017-0024-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Carew
- 1Health Research Board, Grattan House, 67-72 Lower Mount Street, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Niamh Murphy
- 2HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25-27 Middle Gardiner Street, Dublin, 1 Ireland
| | - Jean Long
- 1Health Research Board, Grattan House, 67-72 Lower Mount Street, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Kate Hunter
- 2HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25-27 Middle Gardiner Street, Dublin, 1 Ireland
| | - Suzi Lyons
- 1Health Research Board, Grattan House, 67-72 Lower Mount Street, Dublin, 2 Ireland
| | - Cathal Walsh
- 3Department of Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,4Health Research Institute (HRI) and MACSI, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Lelia Thornton
- 2HSE Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25-27 Middle Gardiner Street, Dublin, 1 Ireland
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Garvey P, Thornton L, Lyons F. Knowledge of HIV PEP Among Healthcare Workers in Ireland, 2016: Room for Improvement. Ir Med J 2017; 110:502. [PMID: 28657279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an important aspect of HIV prevention following potential exposure. We conducted a survey to assess knowledge of HIV PEP, and awareness of HIV PEP resources, among key healthcare professionals, using an anonymous online questionnaire. Twelve (18%) of 68 respondents answered five or more of six knowledge questions correctly; 49 (72%) cited the Emergency Management of Injuries (EMI) toolkit as a resource. Although most respondents were aware of the EMI Toolkit for HIV PEP, the low number of respondents correctly answering knowledge questions suggests a need for training to avoid potential suboptimal HIV PEP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Garvey
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre - Health Service Executive, Dublin 1, Ireland
- European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training, European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Thornton
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre - Health Service Executive, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - F Lyons
- The Health Service Executive Sexual Health and Crisis Pregnancy Programme, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Adlhoch C, Avellon A, Baylis SA, Ciccaglione AR, Couturier E, de Sousa R, Epštein J, Ethelberg S, Faber M, Fehér Á, Ijaz S, Lange H, Manďáková Z, Mellou K, Mozalevskis A, Rimhanen-Finne R, Rizzi V, Said B, Sundqvist L, Thornton L, Tosti ME, van Pelt W, Aspinall E, Domanovic D, Severi E, Takkinen J, Dalton HR. Hepatitis E virus: Assessment of the epidemiological situation in humans in Europe, 2014/15. J Clin Virol 2016; 82:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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20
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Tabriz D, Case B, Kline A, Thornton L, Toskich B. True disease veterinary models for interventional oncology: mutually beneficial translational research. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.12.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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21
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Severi E, Verhoef L, Thornton L, Guzman-Herrador BR, Faber M, Sundqvist L, Rimhanen-Finne R, Roque-Afonso AM, Ngui SL, Allerberger F, Baumann-Popczyk A, Muller L, Parmakova K, Alfonsi V, Tavoschi L, Vennema H, Fitzgerald M, Myrmel M, Gertler M, Ederth J, Kontio M, Vanbockstael C, Mandal S, Sadkowska-Todys M, Tosti ME, Schimmer B, O Gorman J, Stene-Johansen K, Wenzel JJ, Jones G, Balogun K, Ciccaglione AR, O' Connor L, Vold L, Takkinen J, Rizzo C. Large and prolonged food-borne multistate hepatitis A outbreak in Europe associated with consumption of frozen berries, 2013 to 2014. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:21192. [PMID: 26227370 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.29.21192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In May 2013, Italy declared a national outbreak of hepatitis A, which also affected several foreign tourists who had recently visited the country. Molecular investigations identified some cases as infected with an identical strain of hepatitis A virus subgenotype IA. After additional European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries reported locally acquired and travel-related cases associated with the same outbreak, an international outbreak investigation team was convened, a European outbreak case definition was issued and harmonisation of the national epidemiological and microbiological investigations was encouraged. From January 2013 to August 2014, 1,589 hepatitis A cases were reported associated with the multistate outbreak; 1,102 (70%) of the cases were hospitalised for a median time of six days; two related deaths were reported. Epidemiological and microbiological investigations implicated mixed frozen berries as the vehicle of infection of the outbreak. In order to control the spread of the outbreak, suspected or contaminated food batches were recalled, the public was recommended to heat-treat berries, and post-exposure prophylaxis of contacts was performed. The outbreak highlighted how large food-borne hepatitis A outbreaks may affect the increasingly susceptible EU/EEA general population and how, with the growing international food trade, frozen berries are a potential high-risk food.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Severi
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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Travers CP, Connell J, Thornton L, Keane E, Knowles S, Murphy JFA. Follow up of infants born to women with hepatitis B in the National Maternity Hospital. Ir Med J 2015; 108:147-149. [PMID: 26062242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Infants born to women with hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at risk of vertical transmission. This risk is significantly reduced with correct post-natal treatment After initial perinatal management and neonatal treatment, these infants receive subsequent follow up HBV immunisations at two, four and six months. These infants then require post vaccination serological testing. This review was conducted to determine the number of infants born to mothers with HBV in the National Maternity Hospital who had appropriate post vaccination serological testing. There were seventy-eight HBV infections identified antenatally in the years 2010 and 2011 resulting in seventy live born infants at our institution. Thirteen (18.6%) infants had evidence of post vaccination serological testing. This is below international rates of follow up. There is an urgent need for a centralised national programme to ensure adequate follow up and management of all infants born to women with HBV in Ireland.
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Shih H, Sherman J, Nachtigall L, Colvin M, Fullerton B, Winrich B, Batchelor T, Thornton L, Daartz J, Mancuso S, Oh K, Curry W, Loeffler J, Yeap B. AT-52 * PROSPECTIVE EARLY RESULTS OF LOW GRADE GLIOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH PROTON THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou237.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Fitzgerald M, Thornton L, O'Gorman J, O'Connor L, Garvey P, Boland M, Part AM, Rogalska J, Coughlan H, MacDiarmada J, Heslin J, Canny M, Finnegan P, Moran J, O'Flanagan D. Outbreak of hepatitis A infection associated with the consumption of frozen berries, Ireland, 2013--linked to an international outbreak. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19. [PMID: 25375902 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.43.20942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In May 2013, a European alert was issued regarding a hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak in Italy. In June 2013, HAV subgenotype IA with an identical sequence was identified in Ireland in three cases who had not travelled to Italy. The investigation consisted of descriptive epidemiology, a case-control study, microbiological testing of human and food specimens, molecular typing of positive specimens and food traceback. We identified 21 outbreak cases (14 confirmed primary cases) with symptom onset between 31 January and 11 October 2013. For the case-control study, we recruited 11 confirmed primary cases and 42 matched controls. Cases were more likely than controls to have eaten berry cheesecake (matched odds ratio (mOR): 12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-114), whole frozen berries (mOR: 9.5; 95% CI: 1.0-89), yoghurt containing frozen berries (mOR: 6.6, 95% CI: 1.2-37) or raw celery (mOR: 4; 95% CI: 1.2-16). Among cases, 91% had consumed at least one of four products containing frozen berries (mOR: 12; 95% CI: 1.5-94). Sixteen food samples tested were all negative for HAV. As products containing frozen berries were implicated in the outbreak, the public were advised to heat-treat frozen berries before consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fitzgerald
- Health Service Executive (HSE) - Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
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Abdullah A, Omar AN, Mulcahy R, Clapp A, Tullo E, Carrick-Sen D, Newton J, Hirst B, Krishnaswami V, Foster A, Vahidassr D, Chavan T, Matthew A, Trolan CP, Steel C, Ellis G, Ahearn DJ, Lotha K, Shukla P, Bourne DR, Mathur A, Musarrat K, Patel A, Nicholson G, Nelson E, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Nelson E, Nicholson G, McNicholl S, McKee H, Cuthbertson J, Lunt E, Lee S, Okeke J, Daniel J, Naseem A, Ramakrishna S, Singh I, Barker JR, Weatherburn AJ, Thornton L, Daniel J, Okeke J, Holly C, Jones J, Varanasi A, Verma A, Singh I, Foster JAH, Carmichael C, Cawston C, Homewood S, Leitch M, Martin J, McDicken J, Lonnen J, Bishop-Miller J, Beishon LC, Harrison JK, Conroy SP, Gladman JRF, Sim J, Byrne F, Currie J, Ollman S, Brown S, Wilkinson M, Manoj A, Hussain F, Druhan A, Thompson M, Tsang J, Soh J, Offiah C, Coughlan T, O'Brien P, McCabe DJH, Murphy S, McManus J, O'Neill D, Collins DR, Warburton K, Maini N, Cunnington AL, Mathew P, Hoyles K, Lythgoe M, Brewer H, Western-Price J, Colquhoun K, Ramdoo K, Bowen J, Dale OT, Corbridge R, Chatterjee A, Gosney MA, Richardson L, Daunt L, Ali A, Harwood R, Beveridge LA, Harper J, Williamson LD, Bowen JST, Gosney MA, Wentworth L, Wardle K, Ruddlesdin J, Baht S, Roberts N, Corrado O, Morell J, Baker P, Whiller N, Wilkinson I, Barber M, Maclean A, Frieslick J, Reoch A, Thompson M, Tsang J, McSorley A, Crawford A, Sarup S, Niruban A, Edwards JD, Bailey SJ, May HM, Mathieson P, Jones H, Ray R, Prettyman R, Gibson R, Heaney A, Hull K, Manku B, Bellary S, Ninan S, Chhokar G, Sweeney D, Nivatongs W, Wong SY, Aung T, Kalsi T, Babic-Illman G, Harari D, Aljaizani M, Pattison AT, Pattison AT, Aljaizani M, Fox J, Reilly S, Chauhan V, Azad M, Youde J, Lagan J, Cooper H, Komrower D, Price V, von Stempel CB, Gilbert B, Bouwmeester N, Jones HW, Win T, Weekes C, Hodgkinson R, Walker S, Le Ball K, Muir ZN. Clinical effectiveness. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bueno B, Krug I, Bulik CM, Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Thornton L, Penelo E, Menchón JM, Sánchez I, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-Aranda F. Late onset eating disorders in Spain: clinical characteristics and therapeutic implications. J Clin Psychol 2013; 70:1-17. [PMID: 23801539 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The literature on later age of onset (LAO) in women with eating disorders is scarce. We compared the severity of eating disorders, eating disorder subtype, and personality profiles in a clinical sample of consecutively assessed women with eating disorders with later age of onset (LAO, > = 25 years) to women with typical age of onset (TAO, <25 years). METHOD All eating disorder patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria and were admitted to the Eating Disorder Unit of the University Hospital of Bellvitge in Barcelona, Spain. Ninety-six patients were classified as LAO and 759 as TAO. ASSESSMENT Measures included the Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40), Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE), Symptom Checklist Revised (SCL-90-R), and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), as well as other clinical and psychopathological indices. RESULTS LAO individuals reported significantly fewer weekly vomiting episodes, fewer self-harming behaviours, less drug abuse, and lower scores on the BITE symptoms, the EDI-2 drive for thinness, and the TCI-R harm avoidance scales than TAO individuals. Conversely, the LAO group reported more current and premorbid obesity than the TAO group. CONCLUSION LAO eating disorder patients in this sample presented with milder symptomatology and less extreme personality traits. Premorbid obesity may be more relevant to LAO than TAO eating disorders and should be routinely assessed and considered when planning treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bueno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge; CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII
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Donohue S, Thornton L, Kelleher K. Blood-borne virus transmission in healthcare settings in Ireland: review of patient notification exercises 1997–2011. J Hosp Infect 2012; 80:265-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Kavanagh A, Kelly M, Krnjacki L, Thornton L, Jolley D, Subramanian SV, Turrell G, Bentley R. P1-187 Access to alcohol outlets and harmful alcohol consumption: a multilevel study in Melbourne, Australia. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976d.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Burns K, Heslin J, Crowley B, Thornton L, Laoi BN, Kelly E, Ward E, Doody B, Hickey MM. Nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis B virus infection involving two hospitals in the Republic of Ireland. J Hosp Infect 2011; 78:279-83. [PMID: 21530000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The routes of nosocomial hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission have changed over the years. Initiatives to prevent transfusion-associated HBV and healthcare worker-to-patient transmission have had a positive impact on these transmission routes. Recent reports of outbreaks of nosocomial HBV have implicated breaches in standard precautions as important causes of HBV transmission. This report describes a nosocomial outbreak of HBV infection in the Republic of Ireland, which occurred between January 2005 and March 2006. The outbreak was detected following identification of a case of acute HBV infection in a patient whose only risk factor was a recent surgical procedure. The extensive multi-agency investigation that followed revealed that the patient was one of five cases of acute HBV infection and that four separate transmission events between infectious cases had occurred in two different hospitals over a 15-month period. A definitive cause for each transmission event was not identified, although lapses in adherence to standard precautions, safe injection and phlebotomy practices could not be ruled out. Two secondary cases of acute HBV infection in community contacts of two of the nosocomial cases were identified. Phylogenetic analysis proved a useful tool in confirming infection with a pre-core HBV mutant and viral transmission between the seven patients. A patient notification exercise involving 1028 potentially exposed patients found no evidence of additional cases of nosocomial HBV infection. These findings highlight the importance of consistent application of standard precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Burns
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Waterford Regional Hospital, Waterford, Ireland.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the association of eating disorder subtypes across multiple categories of substance use in population-based samples. We examined the association between eating disorders and substance use in a large population-based sample. METHOD Female participants (n=13 297) were from the Swedish Twin Registry [Lichtenstein et al., Twin Research and Human Genetics (2006) 9, 875-882]. Substance use was examined in four defined groups - (1) anorexia nervosa (AN); (2) bulimia nervosa (BN); (3) AN and BN (ANBN); and (4) binge eating disorder (BED) as well as a referent group without eating disorder (no ED). Secondary analyses examined differences between restricting AN (RAN) and binge and/or purge AN (ANBP). RESULTS In general, eating disorders were associated with greater substance use relative to the referent. The AN group had significantly increased odds for all illicit drugs. Significant differences emerged across the RAN and ANBP groups for alcohol abuse/dependence, diet pills, stimulants, and polysubstance use with greater use in the ANBP group. Across eating disorder groups, (1) the BN and ANBN groups were more likely to report alcohol abuse/dependence relative to the AN group, (2) the ANBN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the AN, BN and BED groups, and (3) the BN group was more likely to report diet pill use relative to the no ED, AN and BED groups. CONCLUSIONS Eating disorders are associated with a range of substance use behaviors. Improved understanding of how they mutually influence risk could enhance understanding of etiology and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Root
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA
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Martin J, O'Donnell J, Igoe D, O'Hora A, Thornton L, Murphy N, Cullen G, Fitzgerald M, Cotter S, McKeown P, O'Flanagan D. Enhanced surveillance of initial cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza in Ireland, April-July 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 14. [PMID: 19814959 DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.38.19337-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From 28 April to 18 July 2009 there were 156 cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza confirmed in Ireland. During this time, Ireland was in containment phase, and detailed case-based epidemiological information was gathered on all cases presenting in the community and acute health care setting. Active case finding was performed among contacts of cases. Eighty percent of cases were in people less than 35 years of age and 86% were imported. The most frequent symptoms were fever, sore throat, myalgia and dry cough. Nine people were hospitalized, no fatalities occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Martin
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland.
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Jacobs MJ, Roesch S, Wonderlich SA, Crosby R, Thornton L, Wilfley DE, Berrettini WH, Brandt H, Crawford S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Lavia M, Mitchell JE, Rotondo A, Strober M, Woodside DB, Kaye WH, Bulik CM. Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents. Psychol Med 2009; 39:451-461. [PMID: 18578898 PMCID: PMC3714180 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291708003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with behavioral traits that predate the onset of AN and persist after recovery. We identified patterns of behavioral traits in AN trios (proband plus two biological parents). METHOD A total of 433 complete trios were collected in the Price Foundation Genetic Study of AN using standardized instruments for eating disorder (ED) symptoms, anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament. We used latent profile analysis and ANOVA to identify and validate patterns of behavioral traits. RESULTS We distinguished three classes with medium to large effect sizes by mothers' and probands' drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance. Fathers did not differ significantly across classes. Classes were distinguished by degree of symptomatology rather than qualitative differences. Class 1 (approximately 33%) comprised low symptom probands and mothers with scores in the healthy range. Class 2 ( approximately 43%) included probands with marked elevations in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance and mothers with mild anxious/perfectionistic traits. Class 3 (approximately 24%) included probands and mothers with elevations on ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits. Mother-daughter symptom severity was related in classes 1 and 3 only. Trio profiles did not differ significantly by proband clinical status or subtype. CONCLUSIONS A key finding is the importance of mother and daughter traits in the identification of temperament and personality patterns in families affected by AN. Mother-daughter pairs with severe ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits may represent a more homogeneous and familial variant of AN that could be of value in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jacobs
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Eating Disorders Treatment and Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Bertrand S, Rimhanen-Finne R, Weill FX, Rabsch W, Thornton L, Perevoscikovs J, van Pelt W, Heck M. Salmonella infections associated with reptiles: the current situation in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:18902. [PMID: 18761944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infections are caused by consumption of contaminated food, person-to-person transmission, waterborne transmission and numerous environmental and animal exposures. Specifically, reptiles and other cold blooded animals (often referred to as "exotic pets") can act as reservoirs of Salmonella, and cases of infection have been associated with direct or indirect contact with these animals. Approximately 1.4 million human cases of Salmonella infection occur each year in the United States and it has been estimated that 74,000 are a result of exposure to reptiles and amphibians. Regular case reports of reptile-associated salmonellosis in the US are available for the period 1994-2002. Cases of Salmonella infection attributed to direct or indirect contact with reptiles or other exotic pets have been described in a number of European countries, too but a more comprehensive overview of the magnitude of this problem in Europe is lacking. In total, 160,649 human cases of salmonellosis were reported in 2006 in the then 25 European Union Member States, Bulgaria, Romania, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.
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Editorial team C, Bertrand S, Rimhanen-Finne R, Weill FX, Rabsch W, Thornton L, Perevoščikovs J, van Pelt W, Heck M. Salmonella infections associated with reptiles: the current situation in Europe. Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.24.18902-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bertrand
- National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacteriology division, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - R Rimhanen-Finne
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F X Weill
- National Reference laboratory of Salmonella, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - W Rabsch
- Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode Branch, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and other Enterics, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - L Thornton
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Perevoščikovs
- Department of Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, State Agency “Public Health Agency”, Riga, Latvia
| | - W van Pelt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - M Heck
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Tilson L, Thornton L, O'Flanagan D, Johnson H, Barry M. Cost effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination strategies in Ireland: an economic evaluation. Eur J Public Health 2007; 18:275-82. [PMID: 18160389 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckm123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In accordance with World Health Organization recommendations, many European countries have introduced universal hepatitis B vaccination policies. The UK and Ireland are exceptions. In this study, we conducted an economic evaluation of a universal infant hepatitis B vaccination programme, using a six-component vaccine, compared with the current selective strategy of vaccinating high-risk infants with a monovalent hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS A cost effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model. The perspective of the analysis was the Irish Health Service Executive. Unit cost and resource utilization data were derived from expert clinical opinion, published sources, diagnosis-related group costs for hospital admissions and local cost estimates for medical fees and laboratory investigations. A full probabilistic sensitivity analysis was undertaken. Both costs and outcomes were modelled over a period of 80 years and discounted at 3.5%. RESULTS Assuming an incidence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Ireland of 8.4 per 100,000 population, the incremental cost effectiveness ratio ranged from euro10,992/life years gained (LYG) to euro67 200/LYG, at the lowest and highest price estimates for the six-component vaccine, respectively. The cost effectiveness of universal versus selective hepatitis B vaccination was sensitive to the risk of acute HBV infection, the cost of the universal infant vaccination programme and the discount rate. CONCLUSION At a cost of euro29.00 per dose of the six-component vaccine, universal infant hepatitis B vaccination is cost effective at euro37 018/LYG. This compares favourably with other preventive programmes in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Tilson
- National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics, St James's University Teaching Hospital, James's St, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Fitzpatrick F, Crean M, Kaminski G, Connell J, Thornton L, Murphy N, Brennan A, Walsh J, Humphreys H, Smyth E. Problems in the Interpretation of Serological Results of Hepatitis B Testing During an Incident of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in a Dialysis Unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1086/525036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fitzpatrick F, Crean M, Kaminski G, Connell J, Thornton L, Murphy N, Brennan A, Walsh J, Humphreys H, Smyth E. Problems in the interpretation of serological results of hepatitis B testing during an incident of hepatitis B virus reactivation in a dialysis unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007; 28:1417-8. [PMID: 17994526 DOI: 10.1086/523274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thornton L, Fitzpatrick F, de la Harpe D, Brennan S, Murphy N, Connell J, Humphreys H, Smyth E, Walshe JJ, Crean M, O’ Flanagan D. Hepatitis B reactivation in an Irish dialysis unit, 2005. Euro Surveill 2007; 12:E7-8. [DOI: 10.2807/esm.12.04.00700-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2005, a case of reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurred in a patient undergoing haemodialysis in an Irish hospital. This incident potentially affected patients attending hospitals throughout the country, so a national incident team was set up coordinate the response to the incident. A total of 306 dialysis patients, attending 17 different dialysis centres (14 in Ireland), were identified as having been potentially exposed to HBV as a result of this incident. A programme of HBV serological testing and HBV vaccination was instituted. There was no evidence that any patient acquired HBV infection as a result of cross-infection from the index patient, although 11 patients (3.6%) had evidence of past infection (anti-HBc positive, HBsAg negative). The majority of patients in this cohort were of unknown HBV vaccination status (62.7%), 13.4% were fully vaccinated, 4.6% partially vaccinated and 15.7% unvaccinated. Of 239 tested for anti-HBs, 183 (76.6%) had a titre <10 mIU/ml. Local incidents in dialysis units can have national implications due to the frequent patient transfer between units. This incident highlighted serious deficiencies in current structures and practices, and a lack of appropriate guidelines. However, there were positive outcomes from this incident. The majority of Irish dialysis patients have now been vaccinated against HBV, and lessons learned have been used to develop national guidelines on HBV vaccination and testing and on the management of incidents of blood-borne viral infections in dialysis units.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thornton
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Fitzpatrick
- National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL), Dublin, Ireland
| | - D de la Harpe
- Population Health, Health Service Executive, Naas, Ireland
| | - S Brennan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Murphy
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Connell
- National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - E Smyth
- Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - M Crean
- National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL), Dublin, Ireland
| | - D O’ Flanagan
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC), Dublin, Ireland
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Sayers G, Dooley S, Staines A, Lane J, Thornton L, Staines M, Brennan S, Kelly P, Finlay F. Hepatitis A antibody prevalence among people with an intellectual disability in Ireland. Euro Surveill 2007. [DOI: 10.2807/esm.12.01.00675-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript aims to determine the prevalence of antibody to and risk factors for hepatitis A virus (HAV) in individuals attending three intellectual disability services through a cross-sectional survey held in Dublin, Ireland. Participants were 636 individuals aged four to 78 years attending three intellectual disability services. The main outcome measure was the measurement of anti-HAV (IgG antibody) in oral fluid swabs using an antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique. Risk factor information was obtained by questionnaire from the individual’s medical record.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sayers
- Department of Public Health, Health Service Executive Eastern Region, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Dooley
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Staines
- UCD School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Lane
- St Michael’s House Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Thornton
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Staines
- Stewarts Hospital Services Ltd, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Brennan
- St Michael's House Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Kelly
- Peamount Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Finlay
- Inclusion Ireland,Dublin, Ireland
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Deady J, Thornton L. Parents' knowledge of and attitude towards the primary childhood immunisations. Ir Med J 2005; 98:7-8, 10. [PMID: 15782724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Parental knowledge of immunisation is essential to assist public health initiatives to increase the uptake rates. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to ascertain the knowledge and attitude of the primary childhood immunisations in randomly selected parents in a deprived inner-city area; 82% of 93 responded. Parents' reported uptake of immunisation was compared with general practitioner and official health board records. Respondents with a low standard of education (70% of respondents without a Leaving Certificate versus 44% with the Leaving Certificate p=0.06) and parenting alone (69% versus 49% of two-parent families p=0.07) were less aware of the severity of the diseases. Older parents (58%) questioned immunisation safety more than younger parents (28%), p=0.06. Full immunisation was reported by 91% of parents compared to 81% from the general practitioners records and 70% from health board figures. The poor correlation between parents' reported immunisation uptake and official immunisation sources could be improved through the use of personal identification numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deady
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Centre for Health Sciences, Adelaide, Meath and National Children's Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24
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41
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Cronin M, Domegan L, Thornton L, Fitzgerald M, Hopkins S, O'Lorcain P, Creamer E, O'Flanagan D. The epidemiology of infectious syphilis in the Republic of Ireland. Euro Surveill 2004; 9:14-7. [PMID: 15677853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to the increasing numbers of syphilis cases reported among men having sex with men (MSM) in Dublin, an Outbreak Control Team (OCT) was set up in late 2000. The outbreak peaked in 2001 and had largely ceased by late 2003. An enhanced syphilis surveillance system was introduced to capture data from January 2000. Between January 2000 and December 2003, 547 cases of infectious syphilis were notified in Ireland (415 were MSM). Four per cent of cases were diagnosed with HIV and 15.4% of cases were diagnosed with at least one other STI (excluding HIV) within the previous 3 months. The mean number of contacts reported by male cases in the 3 months prior to diagnosis was 4 (range 0-8) for bisexual contacts and 6 for homosexual contacts (range 1-90). Thirty one per cent of MSM reported having had recent unprotected oral sex and 15.9% of MSM reported having had recent unprotected anal sex. Sixteen per cent of cases reported having had sex abroad in the three months prior to diagnosis. The results suggest that risky sexual behaviour contributed to the onward transmission of infection in Dublin. The outbreak in Dublin could be seen as part of a European-wide outbreak of syphilis. The rates of co-infection with HIV and syphilis in Ireland are comparable with rates reported from other centres. There is a need to improve surveillance systems in order to allow real time evaluation of interventions and ongoing monitoring of infection trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cronin
- National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC), Dublin, Ireland
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Cronin M, Domegan L, Thornton L, Fitzgerald M, Hopkins S, O’Lorcain P, Creamer E, O'Flanagan D. The epidemiology of infectious syphilis in the Republic of Ireland. Euro Surveill 2004; 9:11-12. [DOI: 10.2807/esm.09.12.00495-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the increasing numbers of syphilis cases reported among men having sex with men (MSM) in Dublin, an Outbreak Control Team (OCT) was set up in late 2000. The outbreak peaked in 2001 and had largely ceased by late 2003. An enhanced syphilis surveillance system was introduced to capture data from January 2000. Between January 2000 and December 2003, 547 cases of infectious syphilis were notified in Ireland (415 were MSM). Four per cent of cases were diagnosed with HIV and 15.4% of cases were diagnosed with at least one other STI (excluding HIV) within the previous 3 months. The mean number of contacts reported by male cases in the 3 months prior to diagnosis was 4 (range 0-8) for bisexual contacts and 6 for homosexual contacts (range 1-90). Thirty one per cent of MSM reported having had recent unprotected oral sex and 15.9% of MSM reported having had recent unprotected anal sex. Sixteen per cent of cases reported having had sex abroad in the three months prior to diagnosis. The results suggest that risky sexual behaviour contributed to the onward transmission of infection in Dublin. The outbreak in Dublin could be seen as part of a European-wide outbreak of syphilis. The rates of co-infection with HIV and syphilis in Ireland are comparable with rates reported from other centres. There is a need to improve surveillance systems in order to allow real time evaluation of interventions and ongoing monitoring of infection trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cronin
- National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Domegan
- National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Thornton
- National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC), Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Fitzgerald
- Department of Public Health, Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA), Ireland
| | - S Hopkins
- Genito-Urinary Medicine & Infectious Disease Clinic (GUIDE), St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P O’Lorcain
- Department of Public Health, Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA), Ireland
| | - E Creamer
- Department of Public Health, Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA), Ireland
| | - D O'Flanagan
- National Disease Surveillance Centre (NDSC), Dublin, Ireland
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O'Donnell JM, Thornton L, McNamara EB, Prendergast T, Igoe D, Cosgrove C. Outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 in a child day care facility. Commun Dis Public Health 2002; 5:54-8. [PMID: 12070979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
In December 1998, an outbreak of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 in a crèche affected ten out of 45 children and one out of five staff members. Eight cases were symptomatic and three were asymptomatic. There were two asymptomatic adult family contacts of child cases. All specimens were identified as VTEC O157:H7, phage type 32. None of the cases were seriously ill and none developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). One child continued to excrete the organism for 14 weeks. The origin of the outbreak was not found but epidemiological investigation was suggestive of person-to-person spread. All children and staff were screened and excluded from the crèche until microbiological clearance was obtained. An inspection of the crèche revealed overcrowding and inadequacies in cleaning and in the food preparation facilities. These problems were remedied before children were re-admitted to the crèche. This outbreak demonstrates the ease with which VTEC O157 can be transmitted between small children. Two specific features of this outbreak were notable: (1) the mild self-limiting nature of the illness and (2) the prolonged shedding of the bacterium by one child.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M O'Donnell
- Department of Public Health, Eastern Regional Health Authority, Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin 8.
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Long J, Allwright S, Barry J, Reynolds SR, Thornton L, Bradley F, Parry JV. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in entrants to Irish prisons: a national cross sectional survey. BMJ 2001; 323:1209-13. [PMID: 11719410 PMCID: PMC59992 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7323.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in entrants to Irish prisons and to examine risk factors for infection. DESIGN Cross sectional, anonymous survey, with self completed risk factor questionnaire and oral fluid specimen for antibody testing. SETTING Five of seven committal prisons in the Republic of Ireland. PARTICIPANTS 607 of the 718 consecutive prison entrants from 6 April to 1 May 1999. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in prison entrants, and self reported risk factor status. RESULTS Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen was 37/596 (6%; 95% confidence interval 4% to 9%), to hepatitis C virus was 130/596 (22%; 19% to 25%), and to HIV was 12/596 (2%; 1% to 4%). A third of the respondents had never previously been in prison; these had the lowest prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (4/197, 2%), to hepatitis C (6/197, 3%), and to HIV (0/197). In total 29% of respondents (173/593) reported ever injecting drugs, but only 7% (14/197) of those entering prison for the first time reported doing so compared with 40% (157/394) of those previously in prison. Use of injected drugs was the most important predictor of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis C virus. CONCLUSIONS Use of injected drugs and infection with hepatitis C virus are endemic in Irish prisons. A third of prison entrants were committed to prison for the first time. Only a small number of first time entrants were infected with one or more of the viruses. These findings confirm the need for increased infection control and harm reduction measures in Irish prisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Long
- Department of Community Health, Trinity College Center, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin 24, Republic of Ireland
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O'Connell T, Thornton L, O'Flanagan D, Staines A, Connell J, Dooley S, McCormack G. Oral fluid collection by post for viral antibody testing. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30:298-301. [PMID: 11369732 DOI: 10.1093/ije/30.2.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus exposure (HBV) in the population of the Republic of Ireland, by using oral fluid (saliva) collection by post for hepatitis B anti-core antibody (anti-HBc). This paper discusses the methodological approach used and the strategies that were adopted to improve response rates. METHODS The sampling frame used was the Register of Electors for Irish parliamentary elections. A multistage stratified cluster sample was taken, and a total of 962 households were selected nationally. A four-letter approach was employed for sample collection. Households received an initial letter outlining the purpose of the study. This was followed by a letter containing six swabs for oral fluid collection, along with easy-to-follow instructions. Non-respondents received two reminder letters, and were also telephoned where possible. A telephone helpline was provided. All testing was anonymous and unlinked. RESULTS The study achieved a good household response rate (60.4%), and more than 98% of the 1738 specimens received were suitable for testing. The prevalence of anti-HBc in the Irish population was estimated to be 0.51%. The observed design effect was 1.29. DISCUSSION From a review of the literature, this is the first study where a representative sample of a national population was asked to self-collect oral fluid samples and return these by post for serological testing. The technique may have many future applications in epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O'Connell
- Department of Public Health, ERHA, Dr Steevens Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Custalow CB, Watts JA, Thornton L, O'Malley P, Barbee RW, Grattan RM, Lopaschuk GD, Kline JA. Role of fatty acids in the recovery of cardiac function during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. Shock 2001; 15:231-8. [PMID: 11236908 DOI: 10.1097/00024382-200115030-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that removal of fatty acids as a fuel source would improve cardiac efficiency at the expense of reduced cardiac contractile function in the isolated working heart after hemorrhage-retransfusion. Non-heparinized male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine and were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mmHg for 1 h. Two-thirds volume of shed blood was reinfused together with 0.9% NaCl in a volume equal to 2.3 times the shed blood volume, followed by continuous infusion of 0.9% NaCl at 10 mL/kg per h for 3 h. Hearts were removed and perfused in closed, recirculating working mode for 60 min to measure hydraulic work and cardiac efficiency. Rates of glycolysis and glucose oxidation were assessed with [5-3H/U-14C] glucose (11 mM) in the absence or presence of 0.4 mM palmitate. Compared to baseline measurements, hemorrhage-retransfusion significantly reduced arterial blood glucose (228+/-7 versus 118+/-12 mg/dL) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (0.36+/-0.01 versus 0.30+/-0.02 mM), while elevating blood lactate (0.8+/-0.1 versus 2.5+/-0.4 mM). Perfusion of sham hearts with glucose-only did not alter cardiac work compared to shams perfused with glucose plus palmitate. However, shocked hearts perfused with glucose-only demonstrated a significant reduction in cardiac work compared to shocked hearts perfused with glucose plus palmitate and compared to sham hearts perfused with glucose only (P < 0.05, repeated measures ANOVA). Shocked hearts perfused with glucose plus palmitate showed no reduction in cardiac work compared to shams. Shocked hearts perfused with glucose-only had increased glucose oxidation rates compared to shams perfused with glucose plus palmitate. In sham hearts perfused with glucose-only, myocardial glycogen and triacylglycerol contents were significantly reduced compared to hearts freeze-clamped in situ. These endogenous fuels were not decreased in shocked hearts. These data indicate that hemorrhagic shock renders the heart unable to mobilize endogenous fuels, and suggest that withdrawal of fatty acid oxidation will impair myocardial energy metabolism during resuscitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Custalow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Injecting drug users are at high risk of acquiring blood-borne infections. Ireland has had a harm reduction policy of methadone maintenance and needle exchange since 1992. AIM To estimate prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infection and appropriate uptake of hepatitis B vaccine in methadone attendees and to make recommendations for a simple record-based surveillance system. METHOD Retrospective study of 138 client records for evidence of laboratory tests or test results for blood-borne viruses and appropriate immunisation against hepatitis B. RESULTS A total of 60% of clients had evidence of one or more laboratory tests in their notes. Of those tested for individual viruses, 5.1% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, 78.8% had antibodies to hepatitis C and 16.7% were HIV positive. Nearly two-thirds of clients had no evidence of vaccination or information on prior immunity in their records. CONCLUSIONS A standardised written protocol for screening for blood-borne viruses and for immunisation against hepatitis B in methadone service attendees was clearly needed, and was subsequently introduced by the Eastern Region Health Authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fitzgerald
- Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Thornton L, Barry J, Long J, Allwright S, Bradley F, Parry JV. Comparison between self-reported hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV antibody status and oral fluid assay results in Irish prisoners. Commun Dis Public Health 2000; 3:253-5. [PMID: 11280253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Self-reported hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and HIV infection status was compared with the results of oral fluid assays of antibodies to these viruses in prisoners from nine of the 15 prisons in the Republic of Ireland. A total of 1205 out of 1366 prisoners completed a confidential questionnaire and 1193 provided analysable oral fluid specimens for testing for antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc), HCV (anti-HCV), and HIV (anti-HIV). The self-reported prevalence of hepatitis infection (hepatitis B: 5%; hepatitis C: 19%) was lower than that derived from oral fluid assays (anti-HBc: 9%; anti-HCV: 37%). The self-reported prevalence of HIV infection was similar to that found by oral fluid assay (2%). Many discrepancies were found between self-reported results and the results of oral fluid assays. Of those who reported being positive for HBV, HCV, or HIV, 48%, 5%, and 58%, respectively, tested negative on the oral fluid assay. Of those who reported a previous negative test result for HBV, HCV, or HIV, 10%, 37%, and 2%, respectively, had positive oral fluid assays. Self-reports of hepatitis and HIV infection status are unreliable and should not be used as a basis for planning preventive and treatment services for prisoners. All prisoners should have the opportunity to be tested for HBV, HCV, and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Thornton
- Department of Public Health, Eastern Regional Health Authority, Dr Steevens' Hospital, Dublin 8.
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O'Connell T, Thornton L, O'Flanagan D, Staines A, Connell J, Dooley S, McCormack G. Prevalence of hepatitis B anti-core antibody in the Republic of Ireland. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 125:701-4. [PMID: 11218220 PMCID: PMC2869653 DOI: 10.1017/s095026880000491x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B exposure in the population of the Republic of Ireland, by measuring the prevalence of hepatitis B anti-core antibody in oral fluid collected by postal survey. A random multi-stage stratified sample of Irish households was obtained, using the Irish electoral register as the sampling frame. A total of 962 households were selected, and a household response rate of 60.4% was achieved. Oral fluid specimens totalling 1714 were tested for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), using an Immune Capture Enzyme Immuno-Assay. Five specimens (0.29%) were found to contain anti-HBc. Adjusting for study design, the estimated anti-HBc prevalence in the Republic of Ireland is 0.51%. This study demonstrates that self-collection of oral fluid samples is acceptable to the public, and based upon the data generated, that the Republic of Ireland has a low prevalence of hepatitis B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O'Connell
- Department of Public Health, Eastern Regional Health Authority, Dr Stecuens Hospital, Dublin
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Allwright S, Bradley F, Long J, Barry J, Thornton L, Parry JV. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV and risk factors in Irish prisoners: results of a national cross sectional survey. BMJ 2000; 321:78-82. [PMID: 10884256 PMCID: PMC27426 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.321.7253.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, and HIV in the prison population of the Republic of Ireland and to examine risk factors for infection. DESIGN Cross sectional, anonymous, unlinked survey, with self completed risk factor questionnaire and provision of oral fluid specimen for antibody testing. SETTING Nine of the 15 prisons in the Republic of Ireland. PARTICIPANTS 1366 prisoners, of whom 1205 (57 women) participated. In the smaller prisons all prisoners were surveyed, while in the three largest prisons one half of the population was randomly sampled. Three small prisons believed not to have a problem with injecting drug use were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, antibodies to hepatitis C virus, and antibodies to HIV. Self reported risk factor status. RESULTS Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen was 104/1193 (8.7%; 95% confidence interval 7.2% to 10.5%), to hepatitis C virus, 442/1193 (37%; 34.3% to 39.9%), and to HIV, 24/1193 (2%; 1.3% to 3%). The most important predictor of being positive for hepatitis B and hepatitis C was a history of injecting drug use. Thirty four women (60%) and 474 men (42%) reported ever injecting drugs. A fifth (104) of 501 injecting drug users reported first injecting in prison, and 347 (71%) users reported sharing needles in prison. CONCLUSIONS Infection with hepatitis C secondary to use of injected drugs is endemic in Irish prisons. Better access to harm reduction strategies is needed in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Allwright
- Department of Community Health and General Practice, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Republic of Ireland.
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