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Forte E, Ramialison M, Nim HT, Mara M, Li JY, Cohn R, Daigle SL, Boyd S, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Hinson JT, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA, Furtado MB. Adult mouse fibroblasts retain organ-specific transcriptomic identity. eLife 2022; 11:71008. [PMID: 35293863 PMCID: PMC8959603 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibroblasts are essential components of homeostatic and diseased tissues. They participate in sculpting the extracellular matrix, sensing the microenvironment, and communicating with other resident cells. Recent studies have revealed transcriptomic heterogeneity among fibroblasts within and between organs. To dissect the basis of interorgan heterogeneity, we compare the gene expression of murine fibroblasts from different tissues (tail, skin, lung, liver, heart, kidney, and gonads) and show that they display distinct positional and organ-specific transcriptome signatures that reflect their embryonic origins. We demonstrate that expression of genes typically attributed to the surrounding parenchyma by fibroblasts is established in embryonic development and largely maintained in culture, bioengineered tissues and ectopic transplants. Targeted knockdown of key organ-specific transcription factors affects fibroblast functions, in particular genes involved in the modulation of fibrosis and inflammation. In conclusion, our data reveal that adult fibroblasts maintain an embryonic gene expression signature inherited from their organ of origin, thereby increasing our understanding of adult fibroblast heterogeneity. The knowledge of this tissue-specific gene signature may assist in targeting fibrotic diseases in a more precise, organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Hieu T Nim
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Jacky Y Li
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rachel Cohn
- Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, United States
| | | | - Sarah Boyd
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Mohenska M, Tan NM, Tokolyi A, Furtado MB, Costa MW, Perry AJ, Hatwell-Humble J, van Duijvenboden K, Nim HT, Ji YMM, Charitakis N, Bienroth D, Bolk F, Vivien C, Knaupp AS, Powell DR, Elliott DA, Porrello ER, Nilsson SK, Del Monte-Nieto G, Rosenthal NA, Rossello FJ, Polo JM, Ramialison M. 3D-cardiomics: A spatial transcriptional atlas of the mammalian heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 163:20-32. [PMID: 34624332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial gene expression and regulation in the heart is key to uncovering its developmental and physiological processes, during homeostasis and disease. Numerous techniques exist to gain gene expression and regulation information in organs such as the heart, but few utilize intuitive true-to-life three-dimensional representations to analyze and visualise results. Here we combined transcriptomics with 3D-modelling to interrogate spatial gene expression in the mammalian heart. For this, we microdissected and sequenced transcriptome-wide 18 anatomical sections of the adult mouse heart. Our study has unveiled known and novel genes that display complex spatial expression in the heart sub-compartments. We have also created 3D-cardiomics, an interface for spatial transcriptome analysis and visualization that allows the easy exploration of these data in a 3D model of the heart. 3D-cardiomics is accessible from http://3d-cardiomics.erc.monash.edu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mohenska
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathalia M Tan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Tokolyi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Andrew J Perry
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Hatwell-Humble
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Australia
| | | | - Hieu T Nim
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Systems Biology Institute Australia, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuan M M Ji
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie Charitakis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Denis Bienroth
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Bolk
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Celine Vivien
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | - Anja S Knaupp
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Powell
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Elliott
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Enzo R Porrello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Biomedical Manufacturing, CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, Australia
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando J Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia; Systems Biology Institute Australia, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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3
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Shi SY, Luo X, Yamawaki TM, Li CM, Ason B, Furtado MB. Recent Advances in Single-Cell Profiling and Multispecific Therapeutics: Paving the Way for a New Era of Precision Medicine Targeting Cardiac Fibroblasts. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:82. [PMID: 34081224 PMCID: PMC8175296 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac fibroblast activation contributes to fibrosis, maladaptive remodeling and heart failure progression. This review summarizes the latest findings on cardiac fibroblast activation dynamics derived from single-cell transcriptomic analyses and discusses how this information may aid the development of new multispecific medicines. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in single-cell gene expression technologies have led to the discovery of distinct fibroblast subsets, some of which are more prevalent in diseased tissue and exhibit temporal changes in response to injury. In parallel to the rapid development of single-cell platforms, the advent of multispecific therapeutics is beginning to transform the biopharmaceutical landscape, paving the way for the selective targeting of diseased fibroblast subpopulations. Insights gained from single-cell technologies reveal critical cardiac fibroblast subsets that play a pathogenic role in the progression of heart failure. Combined with the development of multispecific therapeutic agents that have enabled access to previously "undruggable" targets, we are entering a new era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Yu Shi
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Tracy M. Yamawaki
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Chi-Ming Li
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Brandon Ason
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
| | - Milena B. Furtado
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA 94080 USA
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Forte E, Perkins B, Sintou A, Kalkat HS, Papanikolaou A, Jenkins C, Alsubaie M, Chowdhury RA, Duffy TM, Skelly DA, Branca J, Bellahcene M, Schneider MD, Harding SE, Furtado MB, Ng FS, Hasham MG, Rosenthal N, Sattler S. Cross-Priming Dendritic Cells Exacerbate Immunopathology After Ischemic Tissue Damage in the Heart. Circulation 2021; 143:821-836. [PMID: 33297741 PMCID: PMC7899721 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.044581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of heart failure and despite advanced therapeutic options, morbidity and mortality rates remain high. Although acute inflammation in response to myocardial cell death has been extensively studied, subsequent adaptive immune activity and anti-heart autoimmunity may also contribute to the development of heart failure. After ischemic injury to the myocardium, dendritic cells (DC) respond to cardiomyocyte necrosis, present cardiac antigen to T cells, and potentially initiate a persistent autoimmune response against the heart. Cross-priming DC have the ability to activate both CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in response to necrotic cells and may thus be crucial players in exacerbating autoimmunity targeting the heart. This study investigates a role for cross-priming DC in post-myocardial infarction immunopathology through presentation of self-antigen from necrotic cardiac cells to cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. METHODS We induced type 2 myocardial infarction-like ischemic injury in the heart by treatment with a single high dose of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. We characterized the DC population in the heart and mediastinal lymph nodes and analyzed long-term cardiac immunopathology and functional decline in wild type and Clec9a-depleted mice lacking DC cross-priming function. RESULTS A diverse DC population, including cross-priming DC, is present in the heart and activated after ischemic injury. Clec9a-/- mice deficient in DC cross-priming are protected from persistent immune-mediated myocardial damage and decline of cardiac function, likely because of dampened activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells by cross-priming DC contributes to exacerbation of postischemic inflammatory damage of the myocardium and corresponding decline in cardiac function. Importantly, this provides novel therapeutic targets to prevent postischemic immunopathology and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Bryant Perkins
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Amalia Sintou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Harkaran S. Kalkat
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Angelos Papanikolaou
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Catherine Jenkins
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Mashael Alsubaie
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Rasheda A. Chowdhury
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Theodore M. Duffy
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Daniel A. Skelly
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Jane Branca
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Mohamed Bellahcene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Milena B. Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
- Amgen Biotechnology, Thousand Oaks, CA (M.B.F.)
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Muneer G. Hasham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME (E.F., B.P., T.M.D., D.A.S., J.B., M.B.F., M.G.H., N.R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
| | - Susanne Sattler
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK (A.S., H.S.K., A.P., C.J., M.A., R.A.C., M.B., M.D.S., S.E.H., F.S.N., N.R., S.S.)
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Forte E, Skelly DA, Chen M, Daigle S, Morelli KA, Hon O, Philip VM, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA, Furtado MB. Dynamic Interstitial Cell Response during Myocardial Infarction Predicts Resilience to Rupture in Genetically Diverse Mice. Cell Rep 2020; 30:3149-3163.e6. [PMID: 32130914 PMCID: PMC7059115 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia leads to the loss of myocardial tissue and the activation of a repair process that culminates in the formation of a scar whose structural characteristics dictate propensity to favorable healing or detrimental cardiac wall rupture. To elucidate the cellular processes underlying scar formation, here we perform unbiased single-cell mRNA sequencing of interstitial cells isolated from infarcted mouse hearts carrying a genetic tracer that labels epicardial-derived cells. Sixteen interstitial cell clusters are revealed, five of which were of epicardial origin. Focusing on stromal cells, we define 11 sub-clusters, including diverse cell states of epicardial- and endocardial-derived fibroblasts. Comparing transcript profiles from post-infarction hearts in C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ inbred mice, which displays a marked divergence in the frequency of cardiac rupture, uncovers an early increase in activated myofibroblasts, enhanced collagen deposition, and persistent acute phase response in 129S1/SvImJ mouse hearts, defining a crucial time window of pathological remodeling that predicts disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Forte
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
| | | | - Mandy Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Olivia Hon
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW72BX, UK
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Zeiss CJ, Gatti DM, Toro-Salazar O, Davis C, Lutz CM, Spinale F, Stearns T, Furtado MB, Churchill GA. Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Collaborative Cross (CC) Mice Recapitulates Individual Cardiotoxicity in Humans. G3 (Bethesda) 2019; 9:2637-2646. [PMID: 31263061 PMCID: PMC6686936 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines cause progressive cardiotoxicity whose ultimate severity is individual to the patient. Genetic determinants contributing to this variation are difficult to study using current mouse models. Our objective was to determine whether a spectrum of anthracycline induced cardiac disease can be elicited across 10 Collaborative Cross mouse strains given the same dose of doxorubicin. Mice from ten distinct strains were given 5 mg/kg of doxorubicin intravenously once weekly for 5 weeks (total 25 mg/kg). Mice were killed at acute or chronic timepoints. Body weight was assessed weekly, followed by terminal complete blood count, pathology and a panel of biomarkers. Linear models were fit to assess effects of treatment, sex, and sex-by-treatment interactions for each timepoint. Impaired growth and cardiac pathology occurred across all strains. Severity of these varied by strain and sex, with greater severity in males. Cardiac troponin I and myosin light chain 3 demonstrated strain- and sex-specific elevations in the acute phase with subsequent decline despite ongoing progression of cardiac disease. Acute phase cardiac troponin I levels predicted the ultimate severity of cardiac pathology poorly, whereas myosin light chain 3 levels predicted the extent of chronic cardiac injury in males. Strain- and sex-dependent renal toxicity was evident. Regenerative anemia manifested during the acute period. We confirm that variable susceptibility to doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity observed in humans can be modeled in a panel of CC strains. In addition, we identified a potential predictive biomarker in males. CC strains provide reproducible models to explore mechanisms contributing to individual susceptibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Toro-Salazar
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT 06106, and
| | | | | | - Francis Spinale
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia SC 29208
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7
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Pandey R, Wilmanns JC, Hon O, Rosenthal NA, Furtado MB, Costa MW. Abstract 275: Modulation of Energy Metabolism by Metformin Prevents Diet Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Adult Congenital Heart Disease. Circ Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/res.125.suppl_1.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect worldwide. Improved surgical and treatment interventions have led to a significant increase in the number of adult patients with CHD, now referred to as ACHD. However the mechanisms whereby ACHD predisposes patients to heart dysfunction are still unclear. ACHD is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, but how ACHD interacts with poor modern lifestyle choices and other comorbidities, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, is mostly unknown.
Methods:
We used a newly characterized mouse genetic model of ACHD to investigate the consequences and the mechanisms associated with combined obesity and ACHD predisposition and metabolic intervention studies by metformin.
Results:
ACHD mice placed under metabolic stress (high fat diet) displayed decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis showed that ACHD hearts exhibited early changes in energy metabolism with increased glucose dependence. These changes preceded cardiac dysfunction mediated by exposure to high fat diet and were associated with increased disease severity. Restoration of metabolic balance by metformin lead to improved liver function in both control and ACHD mice and prevented the development of heart dysfunction in ACHD predisposed mice. Metabolomic analysis of these animals revealed that metformin leads to an ACHD specific increase in metabolites associated with fat acid oxidation, likely reflecting upregulation of FAO.
Conclusions:
This study reveals that early metabolic impairment reinforces heart dysfunction in ACHD predisposed individuals and diet or pharmacological interventions can be used to modulate heart function and attenuate heart failure. Our current hypothesis is that metformin treatment leads to normalization of energy use by ACHD heart by enhancing FAO and we are currently performing CRISPR/Cas9 mediated deletion of key metabolic genes to characterize their role in ACHD. This data indicates that early manipulation of energy metabolism may be an important avenue for intervention in ACHD patients to prevent or delay onset of heart failure and secondary comorbidities.
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8
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Salimova E, Nowak KJ, Estrada AC, Furtado MB, McNamara E, Nguyen Q, Balmer L, Preuss C, Holmes JW, Ramialison M, Morahan G, Rosenthal NA. Variable outcomes of human heart attack recapitulated in genetically diverse mice. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:5. [PMID: 30854227 PMCID: PMC6399323 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical variation in patient responses to myocardial infarction (MI) has been difficult to model in laboratory animals. To assess the genetic basis of variation in outcomes after heart attack, we characterized responses to acute MI in the Collaborative Cross (CC), a multi-parental panel of genetically diverse mouse strains. Striking differences in post-MI functional, morphological, and myocardial scar features were detected across 32 CC founder and recombinant inbred strains. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a plausible link between increased intrinsic cardiac oxidative phosphorylation levels and MI-induced heart failure. The emergence of significant quantitative trait loci for several post-MI traits indicates that utilizing CC strains is a valid approach for gene network discovery in cardiovascular disease, enabling more accurate clinical risk assessment and prediction. Mice from a genetically diverse panel of inbred strains show a variety of biological outcomes after a heart attack (myocardial infarction), just as humans do. This ‘Collaborative Cross’ mouse resource—which is already widely used in other disciplines of biomedical research—thus provides a tractable system for investigating the genetic factors contributing to acute and chronic presentations of heart disease. Ekaterina Salimova from Monash University in Clayton, Australia, and colleagues experimentally induced myocardial infarctions in the 32 founder or recombinant strains from the Collaborative Cross. They documented large differences in survival, cardiac dilation and scar size among different strains. Gene expression profiling and quantitative trait locus mapping revealed a large number of candidate genes and molecular pathways linked to adverse outcomes. These could offer promising drug targets for treating the damage wrought by heart attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Salimova
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,2Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,5Office of Population Health Genomics, Division of Public and Aboriginal Health, Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA Australia
| | - Ana C Estrada
- 6Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Milena B Furtado
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,7The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA
| | - Elyshia McNamara
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Quang Nguyen
- 4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Lois Balmer
- 4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,8School of Medical and Health Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Christoph Preuss
- 9National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- 6Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Medicine, and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- 3Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia.,4QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia.,7The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME USA.,9National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Wilmanns JC, Pandey R, Hon O, Chandran A, Schilling JM, Forte E, Wu Q, Cagnone G, Bais P, Philip V, Coleman D, Kocalis H, Archer SK, Pearson JT, Ramialison M, Heineke J, Patel HH, Rosenthal NA, Furtado MB, Costa MW. Metformin intervention prevents cardiac dysfunction in a murine model of adult congenital heart disease. Mol Metab 2019; 20:102-114. [PMID: 30482476 PMCID: PMC6358551 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect worldwide. The number of adult patients with CHD, now referred to as ACHD, is increasing with improved surgical and treatment interventions. However the mechanisms whereby ACHD predisposes patients to heart dysfunction are still unclear. ACHD is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome, but how ACHD interacts with poor modern lifestyle choices and other comorbidities, such as hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, is mostly unknown. METHODS We used a newly characterized mouse genetic model of ACHD to investigate the consequences and the mechanisms associated with combined obesity and ACHD predisposition. Metformin intervention was used to further evaluate potential therapeutic amelioration of cardiac dysfunction in this model. RESULTS ACHD mice placed under metabolic stress (high fat diet) displayed decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. Comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis showed that ACHD hearts exhibited early changes in energy metabolism with increased glucose dependence as main cardiac energy source. These changes preceded cardiac dysfunction mediated by exposure to high fat diet and were associated with increased disease severity. Restoration of metabolic balance by metformin administration prevented the development of heart dysfunction in ACHD predisposed mice. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that early metabolic impairment reinforces heart dysfunction in ACHD predisposed individuals and diet or pharmacological interventions can be used to modulate heart function and attenuate heart failure. Our study suggests that interactions between genetic and metabolic disturbances ultimately lead to the clinical presentation of heart failure in patients with ACHD. Early manipulation of energy metabolism may be an important avenue for intervention in ACHD patients to prevent or delay onset of heart failure and secondary comorbidities. These interactions raise the prospect for a translational reassessment of ACHD presentation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Experimental Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | | | | | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | - Jan M Schilling
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | | | - Qizhu Wu
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Australia
| | - Gael Cagnone
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of CHU Sainte-Justine, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Stuart K Archer
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia; National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center, Suita 565-8565, Japan
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia; Systems Biology Institute, Australia
| | - Joerg Heineke
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Experimental Cardiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, USA
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Australia.
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10
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Furtado MB, Merriner DJ, Berger S, Rhodes D, Jamsai D, O'Bryan MK. Mutations in the Katnb1 gene cause left-right asymmetry and heart defects. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:1027-1035. [PMID: 28791777 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microtubule-severing protein complex katanin is composed two subunits, the ATPase subunit, KATNA1, and the noncatalytic regulatory subunit, KATNB1. Recently, the Katnb1 gene has been linked to infertility, regulation of centriole and cilia formation in fish and mammals, as well as neocortical brain development. KATNB1 protein is expressed in germ cells in humans and mouse, mitotic/meiotic spindles and cilia, although the full expression pattern of the Katnb1 gene has not been described. RESULTS Using a knockin-knockout mouse model of Katnb1 dysfunction we demonstrate that Katnb1 is ubiquitously expressed during embryonic development, although a stronger expression is seen in the crown cells of the gastrulation organizer, the murine node. Furthermore, null and hypomorphic Katnb1 gene mutations show a novel correlation between Katnb1 dysregulation and the development of impaired left-right signaling, including cardiac malformations. CONCLUSIONS Katanin function is a critical regulator of heart development in mice. These findings are potentially relevant to human cardiac development. Developmental Dynamics 246:1027-1035, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Jo Merriner
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,The School of Biological Sciences, 25 Rainforest Walk, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silke Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Rhodes
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Duangporn Jamsai
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moira K O'Bryan
- The Development and Stem Cells Program of Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and The Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,The School of Biological Sciences, 25 Rainforest Walk, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Furtado MB, Wilmanns JC, Chandran A, Perera J, Hon O, Biben C, Willow TJ, Nim HT, Kaur G, Simonds S, Wu Q, Willians D, Salimova E, Plachta N, Denegre JM, Murray SA, Fatkin D, Cowley M, Pearson JT, Kaye D, Ramialison M, Harvey RP, Rosenthal NA, Costa MW. Point mutations in murine Nkx2-5 phenocopy human congenital heart disease and induce pathogenic Wnt signaling. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e88271. [PMID: 28352650 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Nkx2-5 gene are a main cause of congenital heart disease. Several studies have addressed the phenotypic consequences of disrupting the Nkx2-5 gene locus, although animal models to date failed to recapitulate the full spectrum of the human disease. Here, we describe a new Nkx2-5 point mutation murine model, akin to its human counterpart disease-generating mutation. Our model fully reproduces the morphological and physiological clinical presentations of the disease and reveals an understudied aspect of Nkx2-5-driven pathology, a primary right ventricular dysfunction. We further describe the molecular consequences of disrupting the transcriptional network regulated by Nkx2-5 in the heart and show that Nkx2-5-dependent perturbation of the Wnt signaling pathway promotes heart dysfunction through alteration of cardiomyocyte metabolism. Our data provide mechanistic insights on how Nkx2-5 regulates heart function and metabolism, a link in the study of congenital heart disease, and confirms that our models are the first murine genetic models to our knowledge to present all spectra of clinically relevant adult congenital heart disease phenotypes generated by NKX2-5 mutations in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Joelle Perera
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Olivia Hon
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Christine Biben
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Hieu T Nim
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | - Qizhu Wu
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Willians
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ekaterina Salimova
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Diane Fatkin
- Molecular Cardiology, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and School of Biological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Cardiology Department, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | | | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology.,Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David Kaye
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine and School of Biological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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12
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Nim HT, Furtado MB, Ramialison M, Boyd SE. Combinatorial Ranking of Gene Sets to Predict Disease Relapse: The Retinoic Acid Pathway in Early Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:30. [PMID: 28361034 PMCID: PMC5350134 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative high-throughput data deposited in consortia such as International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) present opportunities and challenges for computational analyses. Methods We present a computational strategy to systematically rank and investigate a large number (210–220) of clinically testable gene sets, using combinatorial gene subset generation and disease-free survival (DFS) analyses. This approach integrates protein–protein interaction networks, gene expression, DNA methylation, and copy number data, in association with DFS profiles from patient clinical records. Results As a case study, we applied this pipeline to systematically analyze the role of ALDH1A2 in prostate cancer (PCa). We have previously found this gene to have multiple roles in disease and homeostasis, and here we investigate the role of the associated ALDH1A2 gene/protein networks in PCa, using our methodology in combination with PCa patient clinical profiles from ICGC and TCGA databases. Relationships between gene signatures and relapse were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier (KM) log-rank analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Relative expression versus pooled mean from diploid population was used for z-statistics calculation. Gene/protein interaction network analyses generated 11 core genes associated with ALDH1A2; combinatorial ranking of the power set of these core genes identified two gene sets (out of 211 − 1 = 2,047 combinations) with significant correlation with disease relapse (KM log rank p < 0.05). For the more significant of these two sets, referred to as the optimal gene set (OGS), patients have median survival 62.7 months with OGS alterations compared to >150 months without OGS alterations (p = 0.0248, hazard ratio = 2.213, 95% confidence interval = 1.1–4.098). Two genes comprising OGS (CYP26A1 and RDH10) are strongly associated with ALDH1A2 in the retinoic acid (RA) pathways, suggesting a major role of RA signaling in early PCa progression. Our pipeline complements human expertise in the search for prognostic biomarkers in large-scale datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T Nim
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; EMBL - Australia Collaborating Group, Systems Biology Institute Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Boyd
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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13
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Furtado MB, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA. The cardiac fibroblast: Origin, identity and role in homeostasis and disease. Differentiation 2016; 92:93-101. [PMID: 27421610 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart is responsible for supplying blood to two separate circulation circuits in a parallel manner. This design provides efficient oxygenation and nutrients to the whole body through the left-sided pump, while the right-sided pump delivers blood to the pulmonary circulation for re-oxygenation. In order to achieve this demanding job, the mammalian heart evolved into a highly specialised organ comprised of working contractile cells or cardiomyocytes, a directional and insulated conduction system, capable of independently generating and conducting electric impulses that synchronises chamber contraction, valves that allow the generation of high pressure and directional blood flow into the circulation, coronary circulation, that supplies oxygenated blood for the heart muscle high metabolically active pumping role and inlet/outlet routes, as the venae cavae and pulmonary veins, aorta and pulmonary trunk. This organization highlights the complexity and compartmentalization of the heart. This review will focus on the cardiac fibroblast, a cell type until recently ignored, but that profoundly influences heart function in its various compartments. We will discuss current advances on definitions, molecular markers and function of cardiac fibroblasts in heart homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mauro W Costa
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
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14
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Abstract
In the adult, tissue repair after injury is generally compromised by fibrosis, which maintains tissue integrity with scar formation but does not restore normal architecture and function. The process of regeneration is necessary to replace the scar and rebuild normal functioning tissue. Here, we address this problem in the context of heart disease, and discuss the origins and characteristics of cardiac fibroblasts, as well as the crucial role that they play in cardiac development and disease. We discuss the dual nature of cardiac fibroblasts, which can lead to scarring, pathological remodelling and functional deficit, but can also promote heart function in some contexts. Finally, we review current and proposed approaches whereby regeneration could be fostered by interventions that limit scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Hieu T Nim
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah E Boyd
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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15
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Furtado MB, Wilmanns JC, Chandran A, Tonta M, Biben C, Eichenlaub M, Coleman HA, Berger S, Bouveret R, Singh R, Harvey RP, Ramialison M, Pearson JT, Parkington HC, Rosenthal NA, Costa MW. A novel conditional mouse model for Nkx2-5 reveals transcriptional regulation of cardiac ion channels. Differentiation 2016; 91:29-41. [PMID: 26897459 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nkx2-5 is one of the master regulators of cardiac development, homeostasis and disease. This transcription factor has been previously associated with a suite of cardiac congenital malformations and impairment of electrical activity. When disease causative mutations in transcription factors are considered, NKX2-5 gene dysfunction is the most common abnormality found in patients. Here we describe a novel mouse model and subsequent implications of Nkx2-5 loss for aspects of myocardial electrical activity. In this work we have engineered a new Nkx2-5 conditional knockout mouse in which flox sites flank the entire Nkx2-5 locus, and validated this line for the study of heart development, differentiation and disease using a full deletion strategy. While our homozygous knockout mice show typical embryonic malformations previously described for the lack of the Nkx2-5 gene, hearts of heterozygous adult mice show moderate morphological and functional abnormalities that are sufficient to sustain blood supply demands under homeostatic conditions. This study further reveals intriguing aspects of Nkx2-5 function in the control of cardiac electrical activity. Using a combination of mouse genetics, biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 regulates the gene encoding Kcnh2 channel and others, shedding light on potential mechanisms generating electrical abnormalities observed in patients bearing NKX2-5 dysfunction and opening opportunities to the study of novel therapeutic targets for anti-arrhythmogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States
| | - Julia C Wilmanns
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anjana Chandran
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Mary Tonta
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Christine Biben
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Eichenlaub
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Harold A Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Silke Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - Romaric Bouveret
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Reena Singh
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | - James T Pearson
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia
| | | | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, SW3 6LY England, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia; The Jackson Laboratory, ME 04609, United States.
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16
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Abstract
The adult mammalian heart contains multiple cell types that work in unison under tightly regulated conditions to maintain homeostasis. Cardiac fibroblasts are a significant and unique population of non-muscle cells in the heart that have recently gained substantial interest in the cardiac biology community. To better understand this renaissance cell, it is essential to systematically survey what has been known in the literature about the cellular and molecular processes involved. We have built CARFMAP (http://visionet.erc.monash.edu.au/CARFMAP), an interactive cardiac fibroblast pathway map derived from the biomedical literature using a software-assisted manual data collection approach. CARFMAP is an information-rich interactive tool that enables cardiac biologists to explore the large body of literature in various creative ways. There is surprisingly little overlap between the cardiac fibroblast pathway map, a foreskin fibroblast pathway map, and a whole mouse organism signalling pathway map from the REACTOME database. Among the use cases of CARFMAP is a common task in our cardiac biology laboratory of identifying new genes that are (1) relevant to cardiac literature, and (2) differentially regulated in high-throughput assays. From the expression profiles of mouse cardiac and tail fibroblasts, we employed CARFMAP to characterise cardiac fibroblast pathways. Using CARFMAP in conjunction with transcriptomic data, we generated a stringent list of six genes that would not have been singled out using bioinformatics analyses alone. Experimental validation showed that five genes (Mmp3, Il6, Edn1, Pdgfc and Fgf10) are differentially regulated in the cardiac fibroblast. CARFMAP is a powerful tool for systems analyses of cardiac fibroblasts, facilitating systems-level cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T. Nim
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- * E-mail: (HTN); (SEB)
| | - Milena B. Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Mauro W. Costa
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nadia A. Rosenthal
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, White City, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Boyd
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- * E-mail: (HTN); (SEB)
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17
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Souza ES, Alevi KCC, Ribeiro AR, Furtado MB, Atzingen NCBV, Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, Rosa JA. First cytogenetic study of Cavernicola pilosa Barber, 1937 (Hemiptera, Triatominae). Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:13889-93. [PMID: 26535704 DOI: 10.4238/2015.october.29.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cavernicola pilosa is a triatomine species that lives in caves and feeds on bat blood. This vector has a wide geographical distribution, and is found in Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Little is known about the reproductive biology of this species, because most previous studies have only characterized its morphology, morphometry, ecology, and epidemiology. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain preliminary data related to spermatogenesis in C. pilosa by conducting cytogenetic analysis. Analysis of the heterochromatic pattern of C. pilosa during the initial prophases revealed that heterochromatic blocks are only present in the sex chromosomes. Based on the analyses of the meiotic metaphase and prophases, we found that the sex determination system of C. pilosa is XY and the chromosomes are holocentric. C. pilosa spermatids are filamentous and have long flagella. It was not possible to detect corpuscle or filament heteropycnosis in spermatids of this species. The initial cytogenetic data presented in this study are important in characterizing the spermatogenesis and heterochromatic patterns of C. pilosa. Our results suggest that adaptation to troglodytism did not result in differences in spermatogenesis in this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Souza
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - K C C Alevi
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A R Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brasil
| | - M B Furtado
- Fundação Casa da Cultura de Marabá, Marabá, PA, Brasil
| | | | - M T V Azeredo-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - J A Rosa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brasil
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18
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Nim HT, Furtado MB, Costa MW, Rosenthal NA, Kitano H, Boyd SE. VISIONET: intuitive visualisation of overlapping transcription factor networks, with applications in cardiogenic gene discovery. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:141. [PMID: 25929466 PMCID: PMC4426166 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing de novo software platforms have largely overlooked a valuable resource, the expertise of the intended biologist users. Typical data representations such as long gene lists, or highly dense and overlapping transcription factor networks often hinder biologists from relating these results to their expertise. RESULTS VISIONET, a streamlined visualisation tool built from experimental needs, enables biologists to transform large and dense overlapping transcription factor networks into sparse human-readable graphs via numerically filtering. The VISIONET interface allows users without a computing background to interactively explore and filter their data, and empowers them to apply their specialist knowledge on far more complex and substantial data sets than is currently possible. Applying VISIONET to the Tbx20-Gata4 transcription factor network led to the discovery and validation of Aldh1a2, an essential developmental gene associated with various important cardiac disorders, as a healthy adult cardiac fibroblast gene co-regulated by cardiogenic transcription factors Gata4 and Tbx20. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate with experimental validations the utility of VISIONET for expertise-driven gene discovery that opens new experimental directions that would not otherwise have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T Nim
- Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Milena B Furtado
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Mauro W Costa
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Nadia A Rosenthal
- Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc., Higashigotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan.
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Onna-son, Kunigami, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Sarah E Boyd
- Systems Biology Institute (SBI) Australia, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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19
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Furtado MB, Costa MW, Pranoto EA, Salimova E, Pinto AR, Lam NT, Park A, Snider P, Chandran A, Harvey RP, Boyd R, Conway SJ, Pearson J, Kaye DM, Rosenthal NA. Cardiogenic genes expressed in cardiac fibroblasts contribute to heart development and repair. Circ Res 2014; 114:1422-34. [PMID: 24650916 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac fibroblasts are critical to proper heart function through multiple interactions with the myocardial compartment, but appreciation of their contribution has suffered from incomplete characterization and lack of cell-specific markers. OBJECTIVE To generate an unbiased comparative gene expression profile of the cardiac fibroblast pool, identify and characterize the role of key genes in cardiac fibroblast function, and determine their contribution to myocardial development and regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS High-throughput cell surface and intracellular profiling of cardiac and tail fibroblasts identified canonical mesenchymal stem cell and a surprising number of cardiogenic genes, some expressed at higher levels than in whole heart. While genetically marked fibroblasts contributed heterogeneously to interstitial but not cardiomyocyte compartments in infarcted hearts, fibroblast-restricted depletion of one highly expressed cardiogenic marker, T-box 20, caused marked myocardial dysmorphology and perturbations in scar formation on myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS The surprising transcriptional identity of cardiac fibroblasts, the adoption of cardiogenic gene programs, and direct contribution to cardiac development and repair provoke alternative interpretations for studies on more specialized cardiac progenitors, offering a novel perspective for reinterpreting cardiac regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- From the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.B.F., M.W.C., E.A.P., E.S., A.R.P., A.C., N.A.R.), Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology (A.R.P., R.B.), and Monash Biomedical Imaging (J.P.), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (N.T.L., D.M.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (P.S., S.J.C.); and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia (R.P.H.)
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20
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Costa MW, Lee S, Furtado MB, Xin L, Sparrow DB, Martinez CG, Dunwoodie SL, Kurtenbach E, Mohun T, Rosenthal N, Harvey RP. Complex SUMO-1 regulation of cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24812. [PMID: 21931855 PMCID: PMC3171482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible post-translational protein modifications such as SUMOylation add complexity to cardiac transcriptional regulation. The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-5/Csx is essential for heart specification and morphogenesis. It has been previously suggested that SUMOylation of lysine 51 (K51) of Nkx2-5 is essential for its DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Here, we confirm that SUMOylation strongly enhances Nkx2-5 transcriptional activity and that residue K51 of Nkx2-5 is a SUMOylation target. However, in a range of cultured cell lines we find that a point mutation of K51 to arginine (K51R) does not affect Nkx2-5 activity or DNA binding, suggesting the existence of additional Nkx2-5 SUMOylated residues. Using biochemical assays, we demonstrate that Nkx2-5 is SUMOylated on at least one additional site, and this is the predominant site in cardiac cells. The second site is either non-canonical or a "shifting" site, as mutation of predicted consensus sites and indeed every individual lysine in the context of the K51R mutation failed to impair Nkx2-5 transcriptional synergism with SUMO, or its nuclear localization and DNA binding. We also observe SUMOylation of Nkx2-5 cofactors, which may be critical to Nkx2-5 regulation. Our data reveal highly complex regulatory mechanisms driven by SUMOylation to modulate Nkx2-5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro W Costa
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Abstract
To aid in detection and tracking of cells targeted by the left-right (LR) pathway in the heart throughout morphogenesis, expression from a Pitx2c-lacZ transgene (P2Ztg) was analysed in detail. β-galactosidase expression from P2Ztg was robust, allowing reliable visualisation of low-level Pitx2c expression, and was virtually entirely dependent upon NODAL signalling in the heart. P2Ztg showed expression in trabecular and septal, as well as non-trabecular, myocardium, and a strong expression bias in myocardium associated with individual endocardial cushions of the atrioventricular canal and outflow tract, which are essential for cardiac septation. Expression on the ventral surface of the outflow tract evolved to a specific stripe that could be used to track the future aorta during outflow tract spiralling and remodelling. Our data show that the P2Ztg transgene is a useful resource for detection of molecular disturbances in the LR cascade, as well as morphogenetic defects associated with other cardiac congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, Australia.
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22
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Lopes Floro K, Artap ST, Preis JI, Fatkin D, Chapman G, Furtado MB, Harvey RP, Hamada H, Sparrow DB, Dunwoodie SL. Loss of Cited2 causes congenital heart disease by perturbing left–right patterning of the body axis. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:1097-110. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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23
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Furtado MB, Solloway MJ, Jones VJ, Costa MW, Biben C, Wolstein O, Preis JI, Sparrow DB, Saga Y, Dunwoodie SL, Robertson EJ, Tam PPL, Harvey RP. BMP/SMAD1 signaling sets a threshold for the left/right pathway in lateral plate mesoderm and limits availability of SMAD4. Genes Dev 2009; 22:3037-49. [PMID: 18981480 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1682108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bistability in developmental pathways refers to the generation of binary outputs from graded or noisy inputs. Signaling thresholds are critical for bistability. Specification of the left/right (LR) axis in vertebrate embryos involves bistable expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) member NODAL in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) controlled by feed-forward and feedback loops. Here we provide evidence that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD1 signaling sets a repressive threshold in the LPM essential for the integrity of LR signaling. Conditional deletion of Smad1 in the LPM led to precocious and bilateral pathway activation. NODAL expression from both the left and right sides of the node contributed to bilateral activation, indicating sensitivity of mutant LPM to noisy input from the LR system. In vitro, BMP signaling inhibited NODAL pathway activation and formation of its downstream SMAD2/4-FOXH1 transcriptional complex. Activity was restored by overexpression of SMAD4 and in embryos, elevated SMAD4 in the right LPM robustly activated LR gene expression, an effect reversed by superactivated BMP signaling. We conclude that BMP/SMAD1 signaling sets a bilateral, repressive threshold for NODAL-dependent Nodal activation in LPM, limiting availability of SMAD4. This repressive threshold is essential for bistable output of the LR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena B Furtado
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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Prall OWJ, Menon MK, Solloway MJ, Watanabe Y, Zaffran S, Bajolle F, Biben C, McBride JJ, Robertson BR, Chaulet H, Stennard FA, Wise N, Schaft D, Wolstein O, Furtado MB, Shiratori H, Chien KR, Hamada H, Black BL, Saga Y, Robertson EJ, Buckingham ME, Harvey RP. An Nkx2-5/Bmp2/Smad1 negative feedback loop controls heart progenitor specification and proliferation. Cell 2007; 128:947-59. [PMID: 17350578 PMCID: PMC2092439 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During heart development the second heart field (SHF) provides progenitor cells for most cardiomyocytes and expresses the homeodomain factor Nkx2-5. We now show that feedback repression of Bmp2/Smad1 signaling by Nkx2-5 critically regulates SHF proliferation and outflow tract (OFT) morphology. In the cardiac fields of Nkx2-5 mutants, genes controlling cardiac specification (including Bmp2) and maintenance of the progenitor state were upregulated, leading initially to progenitor overspecification, but subsequently to failed SHF proliferation and OFT truncation. In Smad1 mutants, SHF proliferation and deployment to the OFT were increased, while Smad1 deletion in Nkx2-5 mutants rescued SHF proliferation and OFT development. In Nkx2-5 hypomorphic mice, which recapitulate human congenital heart disease (CHD), OFT anomalies were also rescued by Smad1 deletion. Our findings demonstrate that Nkx2-5 orchestrates the transition between periods of cardiac induction, progenitor proliferation, and OFT morphogenesis via a Smad1-dependent negative feedback loop, which may be a frequent molecular target in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen WJ Prall
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Mary K Menon
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Mark J Solloway
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Developmental Biology, CNRS URA2578, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Department of Developmental Biology, CNRS URA2578, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Department of Developmental Biology, CNRS URA2578, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Christine Biben
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Jim J McBride
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Bronwyn R Robertson
- Ramaciotti Centre for Gene Function Analysis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hervé Chaulet
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | | | - Natalie Wise
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel Schaft
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | - Orit Wolstein
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
| | | | | | - Kenneth R Chien
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hiroshi Hamada
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Division of Mammalian Development National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | | | | | - Richard P Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney 2010, Australia
- Faculties of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2053, Australia
- * Corresponding author: , (tel) +61 2 9295 8520, (fax) +61 2 9295 8528
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25
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Elliott DA, Solloway MJ, Wise N, Biben C, Costa MW, Furtado MB, Lange M, Dunwoodie S, Harvey RP. A tyrosine-rich domain within homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-5 is an essential element in the early cardiac transcriptional regulatory machinery. Development 2006; 133:1311-22. [PMID: 16510504 DOI: 10.1242/dev.02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain factor Nkx2-5 is a central component of the transcription factor network that guides cardiac development; in humans, mutations in NKX2.5 lead to congenital heart disease (CHD). We have genetically defined a novel conserved tyrosine-rich domain (YRD) within Nkx2-5 that has co-evolved with its homeodomain. Mutation of the YRD did not affect DNA binding and only slightly diminished transcriptional activity of Nkx2-5 in a context-specific manner in vitro. However, the YRD was absolutely essential for the function of Nkx2-5 in cardiogenesis during ES cell differentiation and in the developing embryo. Furthermore, heterozygous mutation of all nine tyrosines to alanine created an allele with a strong dominant-negative-like activity in vivo: ES cell<-->embryo chimaeras bearing the heterozygous mutation died before term with cardiac malformations similar to the more severe anomalies seen in NKX2.5 mutant families. These studies suggest a functional interdependence between the NK2 class homeodomain and YRD in cardiac development and evolution, and establish a new model for analysis of Nkx2-5 function in CHD.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cephalopoda
- Conserved Sequence
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, Reporter
- Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Heterozygote
- Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5
- Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- In Situ Hybridization
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tyrosine/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Elliott
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney 2010, Australia
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26
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Stennard FA, Costa MW, Lai D, Biben C, Furtado MB, Solloway MJ, McCulley DJ, Leimena C, Preis JI, Dunwoodie SL, Elliott DE, Prall OWJ, Black BL, Fatkin D, Harvey RP. Murine T-box transcription factor Tbx20 acts as a repressor during heart development, and is essential for adult heart integrity, function and adaptation. Development 2005; 132:2451-62. [PMID: 15843414 DOI: 10.1242/dev.01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The genetic hierarchies guiding lineage specification and morphogenesis of the mammalian embryonic heart are poorly understood. We now show by gene targeting that murine T-box transcription factor Tbx20 plays a central role in these pathways, and has important activities in both cardiac development and adult function. Loss of Tbx20 results in death of embryos at mid-gestation with grossly abnormal heart morphogenesis. Underlying these disturbances was a severely compromised cardiac transcriptional program, defects in the molecular pre-pattern, reduced expansion of cardiac progenitors and a block to chamber differentiation. Notably, Tbx20-null embryos showed ectopic activation of Tbx2 across the whole heart myogenic field. Tbx2 encodes a transcriptional repressor normally expressed in non-chamber myocardium, and in the atrioventricular canal it has been proposed to inhibit chamber-specific gene expression through competition with positive factor Tbx5. Our data demonstrate a repressive activity for Tbx20 and place it upstream of Tbx2 in the cardiac genetic program. Thus, hierarchical, repressive interactions between Tbx20 and other T-box genes and factors underlie the primary lineage split into chamber and non-chamber myocardium in the forming heart, an early event upon which all subsequent morphogenesis depends. Additional roles for Tbx20 in adult heart integrity and contractile function were revealed by in-vivo cardiac functional analysis of Tbx20 heterozygous mutant mice. These data suggest that mutations in human cardiac transcription factor genes, possibly including TBX20, underlie both congenital heart disease and adult cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Stennard
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, St Vincent's Hospital, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst 2010, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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Abstract
The in vitro cytopathic effect of Trichomonas vaginalis on epithelial cells was analyzed through the interaction of two parasite strains with freshly collected human vaginal epithelial cells (HVECs) from normal women. Videomicroscopy, light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission), freeze-fracture, the tracer lanthanum nitrate, and the periodic acid-thio-semicarbazide-silver proteinate techniques were used to analyze regions of close contact between the HVECs and T. vaginalis. After 2 h of interaction, all HVECs were dead, whereas all the trichomonads were alive. Microscopic observations demonstrated that in addition to previously described regions of adhesion and interdigitations, areas of continuity between the cytoplasm of the two interacting cells were found. They were not easy to find since they correspond to focal spots placed in different depths of the section. When these regions were depicted, the plasma membranes of the T. vaginalis and the vaginal epithelial cells seemed to be fused.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Furtado
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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