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Shute T, Amiel E, Alam N, Yates JL, Mohrs K, Dudley E, Salas B, Mesa C, Serrata A, Angel D, Vincent BK, Weyers A, Lanthier PA, Vomhof-Dekrey E, Fromme R, Laughlin M, Durham O, Miao J, Shipp D, Linhardt RJ, Nash K, Leadbetter EA. Glycolipid-Containing Nanoparticle Vaccine Engages Invariant NKT Cells to Enhance Humoral Protection against Systemic Bacterial Infection but Abrogates T-Independent Vaccine Responses. J Immunol 2021; 206:1806-1816. [PMID: 33811104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells enable the critical B cell humoral immune protection afforded by most effective vaccines. We and others have recently identified an alternative source of help for B cells in mice, invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. iNKT cells are innate glycolipid-specific T cells restricted to the nonpolymorphic Ag-presenting molecule CD1d. As such, iNKT cells respond to glycolipids equally well in all people, making them an appealing adjuvant for universal vaccines. We tested the potential for the iNKT glycolipid agonist, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), to serve as an adjuvant for a known human protective epitope by creating a nanoparticle that delivers αGC plus antigenic polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae αGC-embedded nanoparticles activate murine iNKT cells and B cells in vitro and in vivo, facilitate significant dose sparing, and avoid iNKT anergy. Nanoparticles containing αGC plus S. pneumoniae polysaccharides elicits robust IgM and IgG in vivo and protect mice against lethal systemic S. pneumoniae However, codelivery of αGC via nanoparticles actually eliminated Ab protection elicited by a T-independent S. pneumoniae vaccine. This is consistent with previous studies demonstrating iNKT cell help for B cells following acute activation, but negative regulation of B cells during chronic inflammation. αGC-containing nanoparticles represent a viable platform for broadly efficacious vaccines against deadly human pathogens, but their potential for eliminating B cells under certain conditions suggests further clarity on iNKT cell interactions with B cells is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Angel
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Brandy K Vincent
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | | | - Rachel Fromme
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Mitchell Laughlin
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | - Olivia Durham
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Devon Shipp
- Center for Advanced Material Processing, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
| | | | - Kelly Nash
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
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Do J, Zhong F, Van't Hof W, Finney M, Laughlin M. Regulation of Foxp3 expression in TGF-β induced regulatory T cells derived from human umbilical cord blood vs adult blood CD4 T cells. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Bower JL, Laughlin M, Simpson RJ, Connaboy C, Alfano CA. 0197 Associations between Sleep and Emotion Regulation in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme Environments. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C Connaboy
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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4
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Sheldon R, Linden M, Meers G, Morris E, Laughlin M, Rector R. eNOS Deficiency Increases Susceptibility to Western Diet Induced Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1004.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sheldon
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMOUnited States
- University of MissouriColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - Melissa Linden
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMOUnited States
- University of MissouriColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - Grace Meers
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMOUnited States
- University of MissouriColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - E. Morris
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMOUnited States
- University of MissouriColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - M. Laughlin
- University of MissouriColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - R. Rector
- Research ServiceHarry S Truman Memorial VA HospitalColumbiaMOUnited States
- University of MissouriColumbiaMOUnited States
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5
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Ferguson B, Olver T, Sheldon R, Linden M, Emter C, Rector R, Laughlin M. COX Inhibitor Indomethacin Attenuates Phenylephrine Induced Vasoconstriction: Differences in OLETF and LETO Vascular Response. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.802.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Ferguson
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
| | - T Olver
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
| | - R Sheldon
- Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
| | - M Linden
- Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
| | - C Emter
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
| | - R Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
| | - M Laughlin
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUnited States
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6
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Yang H, Bowles D, Laughlin M, Terjung R. Prolonged Walking Attenuates Hypersympathetic State In Swine With Bilateral Femoral Artery Occlusion. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.648.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiaotung Yang
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - Douglas Bowles
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and Dalton CardiovascularResearch Center University of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - M Laughlin
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and Dalton CardiovascularResearch Center University of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
| | - Ronald Terjung
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and Dalton CardiovascularResearch Center University of Missouri‐ColumbiaColumbiaMOUnited States
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Linden* M, Lopez* K, Fletcher J, Meers G, Siddique S, Morris E, Crissey J, Kearney M, Laughlin M, Sowers J, Thyfault J, Ibdah J, Rector R. Improved efficacy of metformin therapy when combined with caloric restriction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in OLETF rats (LB743). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.lb743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Linden*
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Kristi Lopez*
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Justin Fletcher
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Grace Meers
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Sameer Siddique
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - E. Morris
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | | | - Monica Kearney
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - M. Laughlin
- University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - James Sowers
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - John Thyfault
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Jamal Ibdah
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - R. Rector
- Research Service‐Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center and University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
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Sheldon R, Padilla J, Jenkins N, Laughlin M, Rector R. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition exacerbates liver injury in an obese rat model of NAFLD (1115.3). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1115.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Sheldon
- Research Service ‐ Harry S Truman VA HospitalCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | | | - M. Laughlin
- Biomedical Science University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - R. Rector
- Research Service ‐ Harry S Truman VA HospitalCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
- Internal Medicine University of Missouri School of MedicineCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
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Padilla J, Jenkins N, Thorne P, Martin J, Rector R, Davis J, Laughlin M. Transcriptome‐wide RNA sequencing analysis of rat skeletal muscle feed arteries: impact of exercise training in obesity (1106.23). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1106.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition & Exercise Physiology University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | | | - Pamela Thorne
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Biomedical Sciences Quinnipiac UniversityHamdenCTUnited States
| | - R Rector
- Nutrition & Exercise Physiology University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - J Davis
- Health Management and Informatics University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - M Laughlin
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
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Jenkins N, Padilla J, Thorne P, Martin J, Rector R, Davis J, Laughlin M. Transcriptome‐wide RNA sequencing analysis of rat skeletal muscle feed arteries (1156.12). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1156.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Pamela Thorne
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Biomedical Sciences Quinnipac UniversityHamdenCTUnited States
| | - R Rector
- Internal Medicine University of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
| | - J Davis
- Biostatistics University of MissouriCOLUMBIAGAUnited States
| | - M. Laughlin
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriCOLUMBIAMOUnited States
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11
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Courtney R, Sansone A, Smith W, Marbury T, Statkevich P, Martinho M, Laughlin M, Swan S. Posaconazole Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability in Subjects With Varying Degrees of Chronic Renal Disease. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 45:185-92. [PMID: 15647411 DOI: 10.1177/0091270004271402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Posaconazole is a triazole antifungal in development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The authors evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of posaconazole in healthy subjects and in those with mild (CL(CR) = 50-80 mL/min), moderate (CL(CR) = 20-49 mL/min), and severe chronic renal disease (CL(CR) <20 mL/min; receiving outpatient hemodialysis) (n = 6/group). Subjects received one 400-mg dose of posaconazole oral suspension with a standardized high-fat breakfast. For hemodialysis-dependent subjects, this dose was given on a nonhemodialysis day, and a second 400-mg dose was given 6 hours before hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected before dose and up to 120 hours postdose. For hemodialysis-dependent subjects following the second dose, additional samples (predialyzed and postdialyzed) were collected before, during, and after dialysis. There was no correlation between posaconazole pharmacokinetics and mild to moderate renal disease; the slopes of the linear regressions for creatinine clearance versus posaconazole AUC, C(max), CL/F, and t1/2 values were not significantly different from zero (P > .130). Mean CL/F values before and during hemodialysis were comparable. Furthermore, the difference in the predialyzed and postdialyzed posaconazole concentrations was only approximately 3%, supporting that posaconazole was not removed by hemodialysis. Protein binding was similar in all groups (approximately 98%) and was unaffected by hemodialysis. Posaconazole was generally well tolerated. One patient had elevated liver function test results that were not present at baseline and were thought to be possibly related to posaconazole. Results of this single-dose study indicate that dosage adjustments for patients with varying degrees of renal disease are not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Courtney
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, K-15-4-4465, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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12
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Elgudin Y, Smith M, Cmolik B, Golovaty D, Greco N, Laughlin M, Wnek G. 402: Scaffold Manufacturing for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Kurzrock R, Akerley W, Hong D, Ng C, Warren T, Zavitz K, McCage C, Laughlin M, Camacho L. Two phase 1 studies of MPC-6827, a novel vascular disrupting agent (VDA), in patients with advanced solid tumors and CNS metastases. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.3604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3604 Background: MPC-6827 is a novel competitive inhibitor of tubulin polymerization via the colchicine binding site and functions as a highly potent (1–10nM) cytotoxic agent and as a VDA. MPC-6827 inhibits tumor cell growth and survival in vitro and in vivo, with activity in xenograft models of mouse melanoma and human cancers of the ovary, breast, prostate, colon and pancreas. The compound is not a substrate for multidrug resistance pumps and reaches high CSF concentrations. Methods: Two 3+3 designed dose-escalating Phase 1 studies were conducted to define the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and PK of weekly IV administrations of MPC-6827 for pts with advanced solid malignancies (trial 1; N=46 pts) and measurable CNS involvement (trial 2; N=17 pts). In trial 2, there was intrasubject dose escalation for the first cycle and subsequent cycles were dosed at the highest dose achieved in Cycle 1. Antitumor activity was evaluated by RECIST guidelines in both studies. Results: Dose escalation proceeded until MTD was determined at 3.3 mg/m2. The dose limiting toxicity was acute coronary syndrome. Common mild to moderate toxicities included fatigue, headache, flushing, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and arthralgias. There were no neurological deficits observed and no evidence of myelosuppression. No objective responses were observed. Radiographic changes consistent with vascular disruption in tumors were documented in a number of subjects at higher doses. Conclusions: MPC-6827 is safe and overall well tolerated. MTD is 3.3 mg/m2. Vascular flow modulation analyses are ongoing. MPC-6827 is currently in Phase 2 development. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kurzrock
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - W. Akerley
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - D. Hong
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - C. Ng
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - T. Warren
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - K. Zavitz
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - C. McCage
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - M. Laughlin
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
| | - L. Camacho
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Houston, TX; Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT; Myriad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT
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Van Heeckeren WJ, Fu P, Barr P, Laughlin M, Tse W, Lazarus H, Remick S, Cooper B. Phase I/II clinical trials for relapsed elderly acute leukemia patients: Importance of performance status at re-induction. A single center retrospective experience. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6575 Background: Relapsed/refractory acute leukemia patients (pts) have a poor outcome and should be considered for enrollment on clinical trials. Elderly (≥ 60 yr) acute leukemia patients often are excluded from phase I/II cytotoxic agent re-induction chemotherapy trials due to concerns for treatment-related toxicity. Methods: Pts with relapsed/refractory acute leukemia who were enrolled on three consecutive phase I/II clinical trials at University Hospitals of Cleveland were evaluated for outcome data including complete response (CR), serious adverse events, and overall survival (OS). Outcome data was compared for pts age ≥ 60 yr versus < 60 yr. Pts with ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0 to 3 were eligible and there was no age limitation. Results: Between 1994 and 11/2005, 96 acute leukemia pts median age 60 yr (range 19–78) were enrolled: 29 pts received phase I topotecan-etoposide; 31 pts received phase I fludarabine, carboplatin, and topotecan (FCT); and 37 pts received phase II FCT plus thalidomide. In univariate analysis, PS at therapy initiation, mean # prior treatments, and disease status at time of treatment were not statistically different between older and younger pts ( Table ). Using Kaplan-Meier method, early treatment-related mortality and OS were similar in pts age ≥ 60 yr compared to pts < 60 yr ( Table ). Mean # ≥ grade 3 toxicities and CR also were similar in both groups ( Table ). In univariate (p = 0.001) and multivariate (p = 0.0004) analyses by Cox modeling, pts PS 0–1 had better OS than PS 2–3 (PS 0–1: 30-day survival 98% and 1 yr survival 24% versus PS 2–3: 30-day survival 81% and 1 yr survival 6%). Conclusions: Poor PS is an important negative predictor of outcomes in relapsed/refractory acute leukemia pts. Advanced age should not exclude pts from cytotoxic re-induction chemotherapy trials. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. J. Van Heeckeren
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - P. Fu
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - P. Barr
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - M. Laughlin
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - W. Tse
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - H. Lazarus
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - S. Remick
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - B. Cooper
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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Wexler D, Courtney R, Richards W, Banfield C, Lim J, Laughlin M. Effect of posaconazole on cytochrome P450 enzymes: a randomized, open-label, two-way crossover study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 21:645-53. [PMID: 15066665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2003] [Revised: 12/30/2003] [Accepted: 01/09/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Posaconazole is an antifungal with a wide-spectrum of activity against common and emerging fungal pathogens. In this randomised, open-label, two-way crossover study, the potential for drug interactions with posaconazole via the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme pathway was evaluated. Thirteen subjects received posaconazole tablets (2 x 100 mg) once daily for 10 days or no treatment; following a 14-day washout period, subjects were crossed over to the alternate treatment. The inhibition spectra of posaconazole were examined using a cocktail of the following probe substrates: caffeine (CYP1A2), tolbutamide (CYP2C8/9), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6 and total CYP3A4), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), and midazolam (hepatic CYP3A4). Except for midazolam, which was intravenously infused on Day 10, the cocktail probes were administered simultaneously on Day 9 during both treatment periods. Blood and urine samples were collected at specified times to quantitate probe substrates and/or metabolites. Based on insignificant differences in mean probe ratios, posaconazole did not inhibit CYP1A2, 2C8/9, 2D6, or 2E1. However, the midazolam AUC((tf)) was higher in the posaconazole than no-treatment group (93.4 n gh/ml versus 51.4 ng h/ml, P<0.01), indicating inhibition of hepatic CYP3A4. Drug interactions mediated by various CYP450 are common with the currently available triazole antifungals, however these results suggest that posaconazole may have an improved and more narrow drug interaction profile (CYP3A4 only) compared with other triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wexler
- Schering-Plough Research Institute, K-15-2650, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Courtney R, Sansone A, Statkevich P, Martinho M, Laughlin M. Assessment of The Pharmacokinetic (PK), Pharmacodynamic (PD) Interaction Potential Between Posaconazole and Glipizide in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(03)90524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Lindsay KL, Trepo C, Heintges T, Shiffman ML, Gordon SC, Hoefs JC, Schiff ER, Goodman ZD, Laughlin M, Yao R, Albrecht JK. A randomized, double-blind trial comparing pegylated interferon alfa-2b to interferon alfa-2b as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2001; 34:395-403. [PMID: 11481625 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.26371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This international, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind dose-finding study compared peginterferon alfa-2b (PegIntron) to interferon alfa-2b for the initial treatment of compensated chronic hepatitis C. We randomly assigned 1,219 subjects to receive either the standard three-times-weekly (TIW) interferon alfa-2b dose (3 MIU) or the once-weekly (QW) peginterferon alfa-2b (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 microg/kg). Subjects were treated for 48 weeks and then followed for an additional 24 weeks. All 3 peginterferon alfa-2b doses significantly (P < or =.042) improved virologic response rates (loss of detectable serum HCV RNA) after treatment and after follow-up, as compared with interferon alfa-2b. Unlike the end-of-treatment virologic response, the sustained virologic response rate was not dose-related above 1.0 microg/kg peginterferon alfa-2b because of a higher relapse rate among patients treated with 1.5 microg/kg peginterferon alfa-2b, particularly among patients infected with genotype 1. All 3 peginterferon alfa-2b doses decreased liver inflammation to a greater extent than did interferon alfa-2b, particularly in subjects with sustained responses. No new adverse events were reported, and the majority of adverse events and changes in laboratory values were mild or moderate. In conclusion, peginterferon alfa-2b maintained (0.5 microg/kg) or surpassed (1.0, 1.5 microg/kg) the clinical efficacy of interferon alfa-2b while preserving its safety profile. The higher rate of virologic response during treatment with 1.5 microg/kg peginterferon alfa-2b in patients infected with genotype 1 and high viral levels warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Lindsay
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Emilie D, Burgard M, Lascoux-Combe C, Laughlin M, Krzysiek R, Pignon C, Rudent A, Molina JM, Livrozet JM, Souala F, Chene G, Grangeot-Keros L, Galanaud P, Sereni D, Rouzioux C. Early control of HIV replication in primary HIV-1 infection treated with antiretroviral drugs and pegylated IFN alpha: results from the Primoferon A (ANRS 086) Study. AIDS 2001; 15:1435-7. [PMID: 11504966 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200107270-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IFN alpha has both antiviral and immunostimulating properties. The ANRS086 Primoferon A Study evaluated in 12 patients with primary HIV infection the tolerance and efficacy of an early and transient administration of pegylated IFN alpha, in addition to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Tolerance was good, and this regimen allowed the early control of HIV replication and rapid decay of the viral reservoir. These results support the initiation of comparative studies with pegylated INF alpha in primary HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Emilie
- Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Institut Paris-Sud sur les Cytokines, Clamart, France
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19
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Kim H, Lin CC, Laughlin M, Lovey R, Saksena A, Heimark L, Nomeir AA. Chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of antifungal SCH 56592 and evaluation of its chiral inversion in animals and humans. Chirality 2000; 12:590-7. [PMID: 10861960 DOI: 10.1002/1520-636x(2000)12:7<590::aid-chir7>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCH 56592 is a novel triazole antifungal agent that is active both orally and intravenously in animal models of infection. This compound is in Phase II-III clinical trials for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. SCH 56592 is a single enantiomer with four stereogenic centers; therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the possible chiral inversion of this drug candidate in animals and humans. Thus, chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods have been developed to separate SCH 56592 from its diastereomers and to evaluate its chiral inversion in rats, dogs, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. Chiral HPLC analysis involved the use of a Chiralcel OD column set at 39 degrees C with a mobile phase of hexane-ethanol-diethylamine and a fluorescence detector set at an excitation wavelength of 270 nm and an emission wavelength of 390 nm. Plasma or serum samples were subjected to solid phase extraction on a C(2) cartridge followed by HPLC analysis. The method was sensitive with a limit of quantitation of 0.1 microg/ml in dog serum. The linearity was satisfactory, as shown by correlations of >0.997 and by visual examination of the calibration curves. The precision and accuracy were satisfactory, as indicated by coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 1.1 to 12.1% and bias values ranging from -11.0 to 9.0%. Chiral HPLC analysis indicated that SCH 56592 was not subjected to chiral inversion in rats, dogs, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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20
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Koç ON, Gerson SL, Cooper BW, Laughlin M, Meyerson H, Kutteh L, Fox RM, Szekely EM, Tainer N, Lazarus HM. Randomized cross-over trial of progenitor-cell mobilization: high-dose cyclophosphamide plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus G-CSF. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:1824-30. [PMID: 10784622 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.9.1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patient response to hematopoietic progenitor-cell mobilizing regimens seems to vary considerably, making comparison between regimens difficult. To eliminate this inter-patient variability, we designed a cross-over trial and prospectively compared the number of progenitors mobilized into blood after granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) days 1 to 12 plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) days 7 to 12 (regimen G) with the number of progenitors after cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF days 3 to 14 (regimen C) in the same patient. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive either regimen G or C first (G1 and C1, respectively) and underwent two leukaphereses. After a washout period, patients were then crossed over to the alternate regimen (C2 and G2, respectively) and underwent two additional leukaphereses. The hematopoietic progenitor-cell content of each collection was determined. In addition, toxicity and charges were tracked. RESULTS Regimen C (n = 50) resulted in mobilization of more CD34(+) cells (2.7-fold/kg/apheresis), erythroid burst-forming units (1.8-fold/kg/apheresis), and colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (2.2-fold/kg/apheresis) compared with regimen G given to the same patients (n = 46; paired t test, P<.01 for all comparisons). Compared with regimen G, regimen C resulted in better mobilization, whether it was given first (P =.025) or second (P =.02). The ability to achieve a target collection of > or =2x10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg using two leukaphereses was 50% after G1 and 90% after C1. Three of the seven patients in whom mobilization was poor after G1 had > or =2x10(6) CD34(+) cells/kg with two leukaphereses after C2. In contrast, when regimen G was given second (G2), seven out of 10 patients failed to achieve the target CD34(+) cell dose despite adequate collections after C1. Thirty percent of the patients (nine of 29) given regimen C were admitted to the hospital because of neutropenic fever for a median duration of 4 days (range, 2 to 10 days). The higher cost of regimen C was balanced by higher CD34(+) cell yield, resulting in equivalent charges based on cost per CD34(+) cell collected. CONCLUSION We report the first clinical trial that used a cross-over design showing that high-dose cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF results in mobilization of more progenitors then GM-CSF plus G-CSF when tested in the same patient regardless of sequence of administration, although the regimen is associated with greater morbidity. Patients who fail to achieve adequate mobilization after regimen G can be treated with regimen C as an effective salvage regimen, whereas patients who fail regimen C are unlikely to benefit from subsequent treatment with regimen G. The cross-over design allowed detection of significant differences between regimens in a small cohort of patients and should be considered in design of future comparisons of mobilization regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Koç
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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21
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Elkordy M, Crump M, Vredenburgh JJ, Petros WP, Hussein A, Rubin P, Ross M, Gilbert C, Modlin C, Meisenberg B, Coniglio D, Rabinowitz J, Laughlin M, Kurtzberg J, Peters WP. A phase I trial of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta (OCT-43) following high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997; 19:315-22. [PMID: 9051240 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1700633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of escalating doses of recombinant human IL-1 beta in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and ABMT for metastatic breast cancer or malignant melanoma. Sixteen patients received IL-1 beta, 4 to 32 ng/kg/day administered subcutaneously for 7 days beginning 3 h after bone marrow infusion. Three patients at the highest dose level also received G-CSF following completion of IL-1 beta. All patients completed the 7 days of therapy. The majority of patients experienced chills and fever following one or more injections, and seven had severe pain at the injection site. There was one episode of hypotension and one episode of transient confusion at the highest dose level; other significant toxicity was not identified. Recovery of neutrophils to > 0.5 x 10(9)l and platelet transfusion independence occurred at a median of 23 and 22 days, respectively, which was comparable to historical controls. The mean number of bone marrow colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) per 10(5) mononuclear cells on day +21 post-ABMT was more than twice that of control patients or patients receiving G-CSF or GM-CSF. A linear correlation was found between the dose of IL-1 beta and endogenous concentrations of several cytokines. These patients also displayed significantly higher concentrations of endogenous G-CSF compared to historical controls receiving GM-CSF. While IL-1 beta was moderately toxic and had no effect on recovery of peripheral blood counts after ABMT, the increased number of bone marrow CFU-GM suggests that the addition of G- or GM-CSF to a short course of IL-1 beta may accelerate hematologic recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elkordy
- Duke University, Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Durham, NC, USA
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22
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Kurtzberg J, Laughlin M, Graham ML, Smith C, Olson JF, Halperin EC, Ciocci G, Carrier C, Stevens CE, Rubinstein P. Placental blood as a source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation into unrelated recipients. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:157-66. [PMID: 8657213 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199607183350303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of bone marrow from unrelated donors is limited by a lack of HLA-matched donors and the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Placental blood from sibling donors can reconstitute hematopoiesis. We report preliminary results of transplantation using partially HLA-mismatched placental blood from unrelated donors. METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients, primarily children, with a variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions received placental blood from unrelated donors and were evaluated for hematologic and immunologic reconstitution and GVHD. HLA matching was performed before transplantation by serologic typing for class I HLA antigens and low-resolution molecular typing for class II HLA alleles. In donor-recipient pairs who differed by no more than one HLA antigen or allele, high-resolution class II HLA typing was done retrospectively. Fordonor-recipient pairs who were mismatched for two HLA antigens or alleles, high-resolution typing was used prospectively to select the best match for HLA-DRB1. RESULTS Twenty-four of the 25 donor-recipient pairs were discordant for one to three HLA antigens. In 23 of the 25 transplant recipients, the infused hematopoletic stem cells engrafted. Acute grade III GVHD occurred in 2 of the 21 patients who could be evaluated, and 2 patients had chronic GVHD. In vitro proliferative responses of T cells and B cells to plant mitogens were detected 60 days after transplantation. With a median follow-up of 12 1/2 months and a minimal follow-up of 100 days, the overall 100-day survival rate among these patients was 64 percent, and the overall event-free survival was 48 percent. CONCLUSIONS HLA-mismatched placental blood from unrelated donors is an alternative source of stem cells for hematopoietic reconstitution in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kurtzberg
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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23
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Kolson DL, Collman R, Hrin R, Balliet JW, Laughlin M, McGann KA, Debouck C, Gonzalez-Scarano F. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat activity in human neuronal cells: uptake and trans-activation. J Gen Virol 1994; 75 ( Pt 8):1927-34. [PMID: 8046394 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-8-1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction in AIDS occurs in the absence of productive infection of neurons, and may involve modulation of neuronal cell function by viral or cellular products released from surrounding infected cells. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator protein Tat may be one such factor, as it can act as a neurotoxin, induces marked morphological changes in neurons and astrocytes in primary embryonic rodent brain cultures, and is released by certain HIV-1-infected cells. In addition, Tat can alter expression of cellular genes in several non-neuronal cell types. To explore the possibility that Tat may also mediate neuronal dysfunction in AIDS through non-lethal effects on neurons, we determined the trans-activating ability of Tat in human neuronal cells. We generated human neuronal cell lines stably expressing several HIV-1 tat genes, and also tested human neuronal cells exposed to extracellular recombinant Tat protein. Both endogenously expressed Tat as well as exogenous recombinant Tat protein up-regulated HIV-1 long terminal region (LTR)-driven gene expression by several hundred-fold. Only brief exposure to recombinant Tat was necessary and no toxic effects were seen at levels sufficient for trans-activation. Furthermore, Tat significantly enhanced virus expression in neuronal cells transfected with molecular clones of HIV-1. These results show that Tat is trans-activationally active in human neuronal cells, and can be taken up from the extracellular compartment by these cells in a biologically active form. Neurons represent an important potential target for Tat-mediated cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Kolson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104
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24
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Persons DA, Laughlin M, Tanner D, Perfect J, Gockerman JP, Hathorn JW. Fluconazole and Candida krusei fungemia. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1315. [PMID: 1922232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Harouse JM, Bhat S, Spitalnik SL, Laughlin M, Stefano K, Silberberg DH, Gonzalez-Scarano F. Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide. Science 1991; 253:320-3. [PMID: 1857969 DOI: 10.1126/science.1857969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the CD4 molecule is the principal cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several CD4-negative cell lines are susceptible to infection with one or more HIV strains. These findings indicate that there are alternate modes of viral entry, perhaps involving one or more receptor molecules. Antibodies against galactosyl ceramide (galactocerebroside, or GalC) inhibited viral internalization and infection in two CD4-negative cell lines derived from the nervous system: U373-MG and SK-N-MC. Furthermore, recombinant HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 bound to GalC but not to other glycolipids. These results suggest a role for GalC or a highly related molecule in HIV entry into neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Harouse
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104
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26
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Zahler R, Majumdar S, Frederick B, Laughlin M, Barrett E, Gore JC. NMR determination of myocardial pH in vivo: separation of tissue inorganic phosphate from blood 2,3-DPG. Magn Reson Med 1991; 17:368-78. [PMID: 1648160 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910170209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus NMR can measure myocardial tissue pH from the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in isolated buffer-perfused hearts, but in vivo the Pi peak originating from the myocardium is obscured by the resonance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in the blood, making pH difficult to determine. Taking advantage of the fact that most of the interfering DPG is within the cardiac chambers and is rapidly flowing out of the sensitive volume of our coil, we developed a pulse sequence which would separate myocardial Pi signal from interfering DPG. We tested this method on a flow phantom and in living rat heart, using exogenous glycerol phosphate as a blood-pool marker. The results indicated that signal from moving and nonmoving substances could be separated, and derived values for myocardial pH and PCr/Pi ratio were consistent with previous estimates. This method should be useful for studying myocardial acid-base physiology with NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zahler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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27
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Laughlin M, Islam A, Barcos M, Meade P, Ozer H, Gavigan M, Henderson E, Han T. Effect of alpha-interferon therapy on bone marrow fibrosis in hairy cell leukemia. Blood 1988; 72:936-9. [PMID: 3416078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iliac crest trephine biopsy specimens from 16 patients treated with recombinant alpha 2-interferon (alpha-IFN) for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were examined for reticulin and collagen content. These data were compared with the hairy cell index (HCl), the proportion of hairy cells to the overall cellularity of the bone marrow. Specimens were studied immediately before alpha-IFN therapy, at 6-month intervals during, and in six patients 6 months after cessation of therapy. All patients presented with increased bone marrow fibrosis ranging from focally increased reticulin to a diffuse increase in both reticulin and collagen content. This fibrosis was observed to decrease during alpha-IFN therapy inasmuch as the hairy cell population was diminished in the bone marrow in 13 patients. Regression analysis of HCl v bone marrow fibrosis showed a positive correlation (r = .73, P less than .02). Six patients demonstrated a reduction in bone marrow reticulin and collagen to normal levels during alpha-IFN therapy. Two of six patients demonstrated increased bone marrow fibrosis and HCl 6 months after cessation of alpha-IFN therapy. Three of 16 patients exhibited no decrease in bone marrow reticulin content during therapy despite a decreased bone marrow hairy cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laughlin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, NY 14202
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28
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Degani H, Laughlin M, Campbell S, Shulman RG. Kinetics of creatine kinase in heart: a 31P NMR saturation- and inversion-transfer study. Biochemistry 1985; 24:5510-6. [PMID: 4074712 DOI: 10.1021/bi00341a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the phosphate exchange by creatine kinase (CK) was studied in solution and in the Langendorff-perfused rat heart at 37 degrees C. 31P inversion-transfer (IT) and saturation-transfer (ST) methods were applied. The kinetic parameters obtained by the two magnetization transfer methods were the same, whether in solution or in the perfused heart. Inversion transfer is the more efficient method, yielding the kinetic constants for the exchange and the relaxation rates of the transferred phosphate in both substrates, in one experiment. In solution the forward (kF) and reverse (kR) pseudo-first-order rate constants for the CK reaction (kF = k1[MgADP][H+]; kR = k-1[creatine]) as well as the concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), MgATP, and creatine (Cr) remained constant between pH 6.9 and pH 7.8. Equilibrium at this pH region is therefore maintained by compensating changes in the concentration of MgADP. The forward and reverse fluxes in the perfused heart were equal with an average flux ratio (fluxF/fluxR) of 0.975 +/- 0.065 obtained by both methods. Average values of kF and kR were 0.725 +/- 0.077 and 1.12 +/- 0.14 s-1, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the CK reaction in the Langendorff-perfused heart is in equilibrium and its rate is not limited by the diffusion of substrates between different locations of the enzyme. There is therefore no indication of compartmentation of substrates of the CK reaction.
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29
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Weintraub PM, Blohm TR, Laughlin M. Preparation of 20-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-2-oxa-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one as an inhibitor of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase. J Med Chem 1985; 28:831-3. [PMID: 4009607 DOI: 10.1021/jm00383a026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
20-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-2-oxa-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one and the corresponding 3-thione were synthesized with use of 20-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one as the starting material. The compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of testosterone 5 alpha-reductase and found to be weak inhibitors with Ki's in the 10(-7) range.
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30
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Laughlin M, Johnson RE. Premenstrual syndrome. Am Fam Physician 1984; 29:265-9. [PMID: 6538379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Premenstrual syndrome is a chronic cyclic disorder with a broad range of morbidity. The syndrome encompasses emotional, behavioral and physical symptoms, usually beginning in the week before menses and ending at the onset of menses or shortly thereafter. To date, the etiology and the most effective treatment are unknown; however, vitamin B6, progesterone and bromocriptine therapies have been advocated.
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31
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Younoszai MK, Sapario RS, Laughlin M. Maturation of jejunum and ileum in rats. Water and electrolyte transport during in vivo perfusion of hypertonic solutions. J Clin Invest 1978; 62:271-80. [PMID: 670394 PMCID: PMC371763 DOI: 10.1172/jci109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During osmotic diarrhea, loss of water and electrolytes appears to be greater in infants than in adults. In 2-, 3-, and 7-wk-old rats, we studied net transport of H(2)O, Na, and Cl, during in vivo perfusion of segments of the jejunum and ileum, from solutions with osmolalities of 300, 375, 500, or 700 mosmol/kg. In the jejunal segments, from the hypertonic solutions net transport of H(2)O, Na, and Cl was into the lumen and greater in the 2- than 7-wk-old rats. In the ileal segments, transport of water was into the lumen, transport of Na was minimal and variable, whereas transport of Cl was usually out the lumen. In 3-wk-old rats, transport rates were intermediate between those in 2- and 7-wk-old rats. The calculated filtration coefficient (microliters of H(2)O transported per hour per unit osmolality gradient-lumen-serum-per gram dry weight) of water suggested that the resistance to water flow did not increase with rise in luminal hypertonicity in the jejunum of the 2- and 3-wk-old rats, whereas in jejunum of the 7-wk-old rats and in ileum of rats in all three ages, the resistance to water flow increased with the rise in luminal osmolality. The differences in the transport rates and the resistance to water flow, between segments of the 2-, 3-, and 7-wk-old rats, suggested a maturational phenomenon that appears to continue beyond the 3rd wk of life and could have been due to differences in some physical property of the mucosal membrane.
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