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Janca A, Burke JD, Isaac M, Burke KC, Costa JA, Silva E, Acuda SW, Altamura AC, Chandrashekar CR, Miranda CT, Tacchini G. The World Health Organization somatoform disorders schedule. A preliminary report on design and reliability. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 10:373-8. [DOI: 10.1016/0924-9338(96)80340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/1995] [Accepted: 04/18/1995] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe World Health Organization (WHO) Somatoform Disorders Schedule (SDS) is a highly standardized instrument for the assessment of somatoform disorders according to the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) and the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV). The SDS was produced in the framework of the WHO International Study of Somatoform Disorders and tested for its reliability in Brazil, India, Italy, the USA and Zimbabwe. A sample of 180 patients from general psychiatry, primary care and general medical settings were interviewed with the SDS within a three-day interval by nonclinician and clinician interviewers. The agreement between the two interviews was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and kappa statistic. The test-retest reliability of the SDS was found to be very good (the ICC for all the centres was 0.76; overall kappa value for SDS questions was 0.58; one-third of SDS questions had a kappa value of 0.60 or higher). The field test results of the SDS indicated that the instrument may be administered in larger studies by non-clinician interviewers without compromising the ability to document the prevalence of somatoform disorders in different cultures.
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Titheradge D, Isaac M, Bremner S, Tabet N. Cambridge Cognitive Examination and Hachinski Ischemic Score as predictors of MRI confirmed pathology in dementia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2020; 74:e13446. [PMID: 31750588 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Dementia is diagnosed through a combination of clinical assessment, cognitive assessment tools and neuroimaging. The aim of this retrospective, naturalistic study was to explore the association between the clinical assessment tools used in a memory clinic and the findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans in patients with dementia. METHODS Data were collected through routine clinical practice for all patients assessed at a memory assessment clinic in East Sussex, UK. Included patients had an MRI scan and received a formal diagnosis of dementia. Multinomial logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between atrophy on MRI with age, gender, Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) and Hachinski Ischemic Score (HIS). Ordinal logistic regression was used to study the associations between vascular findings on MRI with age, gender, CAMCOG and HIS. Because of the distribution of HIS scores a cut-off of 1 or greater was used in the regression analysis. RESULTS Male gender was associated with an increased likelihood of moderate atrophy (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-3.82), severe atrophy (RRR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.38-6.68) and regional atrophy (RRR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.26-4.00) on MRI. An increase of one point on the CAMCOG was associated with a decreased risk of regional atrophy (RRR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96-1.00) on MRI. There were no significant associations between age, or HIS, and atrophy on MRI. An increase in age of one year was associated with an increase in severity of vascular pathology reported on MRI (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05-1.12). Male gender was associated with reduced severity of vascular pathology reported on MRI (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.78). There were no associations between CAMCOG, or HIS, and vascular pathology on MRI. DISCUSSION Our data show that CAMCOG was associated with MRI findings of regional atrophy and vascular pathology was greater in older patients. We highlight the importance of using a multi-modal approach to dementia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mokhtar Isaac
- Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Worthing, UK
| | | | - Naji Tabet
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Aisen P, Touchon J, Amariglio R, Andrieu S, Bateman R, Breitner J, Donohue M, Dunn B, Doody R, Fox N, Gauthier S, Grundman M, Hendrix S, Ho C, Isaac M, Raman R, Rosenberg P, Schindler R, Schneider L, Sperling R, Tariot P, Welsh-Bohmer K, Weiner M, Vellas B. EU/US/CTAD Task Force: Lessons Learned from Recent and Current Alzheimer's Prevention Trials. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2018; 4:116-124. [PMID: 29186281 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
At a meeting of the EU/US/Clinical Trials in Alzheimer's Disease (CTAD) Task Force in December 2016, an international group of investigators from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies reviewed lessons learned from ongoing and planned prevention trials, which will help guide future clinical trials of AD treatments, particularly in the pre-clinical space. The Task Force discussed challenges that need to be addressed across all aspects of clinical trials, calling for innovation in recruitment and retention, infrastructure development, and the selection of outcome measures. While cognitive change provides a marker of disease progression across the disease continuum, there remains a need to identify the optimal assessment tools that provide clinically meaningful endpoints. Patient- and informant-reported assessments of cognition and function may be useful but present additional challenges. Imaging and other biomarkers are also essential to maximize the efficiency of and the information learned from clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aisen
- PPaul Aisen, Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute (ATRI), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA,
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Roux A, Isaac M, Chabert V, Denisov SA, McClenaghan ND, Sénèque O. Influence of amino acid sequence in a peptidic Cu+-responsive luminescent probe inspired by the copper chaperone CusF. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5626-5634. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01044g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid sequence influences the luminescence behavior of a family of bio-inspired Cu+-responsive probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Roux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- CEA
- BIG
- LCBM (UMR 5249)
| | - M. Isaac
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- CEA
- BIG
- LCBM (UMR 5249)
| | - V. Chabert
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- CEA
- BIG
- LCBM (UMR 5249)
| | | | | | - O. Sénèque
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes
- CNRS
- CEA
- BIG
- LCBM (UMR 5249)
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Touchon J, Rosenbaum J, Aisen P, Andrieu S, Carrillo MC, Ceccaldi M, Dartiques JF, Feldman H, Gabelle A, Isaac M, Fitten LJ, Sperling RA, Vellas B, Tariot P, Weiner M. Editorial: Collaborative Efforts to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:1072-1074. [PMID: 29188862 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Touchon
- Jacques Touchon, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34025 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,
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Isaac M, Tehrani N, Mireskandari K. Involution patterns of retinopathy of prematurity after treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab: implications for follow-up. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:333-41. [PMID: 26869159 PMCID: PMC4791711 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe involution patterns following monotherapy with intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone I or zone II posterior. METHODS A retrospective chart review of infants treated with IVB from January 2010-April 2014. Infants with minimum of 82 weeks postmenstrual age at last follow-up were included. Primary outcome was timing of involution of type 1 ROP for the first 12 weeks post treatment. Secondary outcomes were development of any recurrence and structural outcome at last follow-up. Retinal examination records, fundus, and flourescein angiography images were reviewed. RESULTS Twenty-eight eyes were included. Average follow-up post treatment was 33.9±9.7 months (range 21.4-61.9). Cumulative frequency of regression of plus disease was seen in 73.3, 86.7, and 100% of eyes by days 3, 5, and 8, respectively. Regression of both stage 3 and plus disease was observed in 29, 82, 88, and 100% by weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Within the first 3 months, 17/28 eyes developed recurrence to stage 1 or 2 after regression. None developed recurrence of plus disease. By the end of 3 months 18% of eyes vascularized into zone III. At a mean of 24±17.3 months, 39% of eyes were not vascularized into zone III as seen on flourescein angiography with scleral indentation. CONCLUSION Our experience suggests regression of plus disease and stage 3 are expected within the first 4 weeks after bevacizumab treatment. Recurrence may occur despite initial regression and requires careful follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - N Tehrani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Mireskandari
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Morgan A, Isaac M, Scrutton S, Wedgewood J, Jankowska P, Hwang D. Using a commercial software package to support treatment planning peer review activities in small radiotherapy departments. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20140864. [PMID: 25827207 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To implement peer review of radiotherapy treatment planning processes between two geographically separated hospitals with different treatment planning systems. METHODS The feasibility of using Microsoft(®) Lync 2013™, available in one of the hospitals, was investigated to determine its utility in sharing radiotherapy treatment planning information between hospitals with small numbers of clinical oncologists available to participate in peer review of treatment plans. RESULTS Microsoft Lync 2013 has been successfully used to implement remote, real-time review of all aspects of treatment planning, including contours, beam arrangements, isodose distributions and dose-volume histograms. CONCLUSION A reliable system for remote, real-time peer review of radiotherapy treatment plans has been implemented between two geographically distant hospitals using Microsoft Lync 2013. Interest in use of the system is developing regionally. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This work appears to be the first to describe the use of Microsoft Lync 2013 in this area and demonstrates that smaller radiotherapy centres separated by distance can share clinical and scientific resources to participate in improved peer review processes, in line with recent UK national guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morgan
- 1 Radiotherapy Physics Department, The Beacon Centre, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, England, UK
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Morgan A, Isaac M, Scrutton S, Wedgewood J, Jankowska P, Hwang D. EP-1572: Using a commercial software package to support treatment planning peer review in small radiotherapy departments. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)41564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Romero K, Ito K, Rogers JA, Polhamus D, Qiu R, Stephenson D, Mohs R, Lalonde R, Sinha V, Wang Y, Brown D, Isaac M, Vamvakas S, Hemmings R, Pani L, Bain LJ, Corrigan B. The future is now: model-based clinical trial design for Alzheimer's disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 97:210-4. [PMID: 25669145 PMCID: PMC6463482 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Failures in trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be attributable to inadequate dosing, population selection, drug inefficacy, or insufficient design optimization. The Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD) was formed in 2008 to develop drug development tools (DDT) to expedite drug development for AD and Parkinson's disease. CAMD led a process that successfully advanced a clinical trial simulation (CTS) tool for AD through the formal regulatory review process at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- K Romero
- Critical Path Institute, Tucson, Arizone, USA
| | - K Ito
- Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - JA Rogers
- Metrum Research Group, Tariffville, Connecticut, USA
| | - D Polhamus
- Metrum Research Group, Tariffville, Connecticut, USA
| | - R Qiu
- Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - R Mohs
- Eli Lilly, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - V Sinha
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Y Wang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - D Brown
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK
| | - M Isaac
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK
| | | | | | - L Pani
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK
| | - LJ Bain
- Critical Path Institute, Tucson, Arizone, USA
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Richardson C, Gard PR, Klugman A, Isaac M, Tabet N. Blood pro-inflammatory cytokines in Alzheimer's disease in relation to the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 28:1312-7. [PMID: 23585364 DOI: 10.1002/gps.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A potential anti-inflammatory role for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) has been supported by animal studies. As very limited data exist from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the aim of this study was to assess the potential influence of AChEIs on blood pro-inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were lower in individuals with AD stabilized on AChEIs. METHODS Blood interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were assessed using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in three groups of participants: patients with AD stabilized on a therapeutic dose of an AChEI (n = 42); AChEIs drug naïve patients (n = 24); and a cognitively unimpaired control group (n = 35). Patients in the AChEIs group had received medication for an average of one year. RESULTS Patients stabilized on an AChEI did not differ significantly from drug naïve patients in relation to the concentrations of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p = 0.874, 0.225, and 0.978, respectively). Within the group taking AChEIs, the levels of cytokines did not differ between those taking donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine (p = 0.368, 0.851, and 0.299, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results from animal studies suggesting a modulatory anti-inflammatory role for AChEIs was not advanced in this study. In individuals with AD, very limited evidence currently exists to support the hypothesis that AChEIs may influence inflammatory blood markers and function beyond the enhancement of neuronal transmission. However, further studies assessing a wider range of inflammatory markers and processes are still needed before this hypothesis can be ruled out.
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Semon M, Isaac M, MacKowiak L, Semon M. Adaptive Radiation Therapy for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Treatment of Prostate Adenocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Isaac M. Expert psychiatric evidence. J Forensic Leg Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shah I, Petroczi A, Tabet N, Klugman A, Isaac M, P. Naughton D. Low 25OH Vitamin D2 Levels Found in Untreated Alzheimer’s Patients, Compared to Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibitor Treated and Controls. Curr Alzheimer Res 2012; 9:1069-76. [DOI: 10.2174/156720512803568975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Klugman A, Naughton DP, Isaac M, Shah I, Petroczi A, Tabet N. Antioxidant Enzymatic Activities in Alzheimer's Disease: The Relationship to Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 30:467-74. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Klugman
- Cognitive Treatment and Research Unit, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, East Sussex, UK
| | - Declan P. Naughton
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Mokhtar Isaac
- Cognitive Treatment and Research Unit, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, East Sussex, UK
| | - Iltaf Shah
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrea Petroczi
- School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, UK
| | - Naji Tabet
- Cognitive Treatment and Research Unit, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, East Sussex, UK
- Institute of Postgraduate Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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Abellan van Kan G, Cderbaum JM, Cesari M, Dahinden P, Fariello RG, Fielding RA, Goodpaster BH, Hettwer S, Isaac M, Laurent D, Morley JE, Pahor M, Rooks D, Roubenoff R, Rutkove SB, Shaheen A, Vamvakas S, Vrijbloed JW, Vellas B. Sarcopenia: biomarkers and imaging (International Conference on Sarcopenia research). J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:834-46. [PMID: 22159770 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Abellan van Kan
- Gerontopole Toulouse, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Toulouse University Hospital, INSERM 1027, Toulouse, France
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Nierzwicki B, Isaac M, Kalayeh M, Moody E, Daifallah T. MRSA deep neck abscesses: treatment implications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.07.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Although the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are now widely used as a first-line treatment for depression and many other psychiatric conditions, are generally well tolerated, they are not devoid of side effects. Most short-term treatment-related side effects of SSRIs are transient and disappear after a few days or weeks. However, following long-term treatment with the SSRIs, some serious adverse events may occur. Some of them can be difficult to recognise because they can resemble residual symptoms of depression. The most serious can be life threatening. They all have a negative influence on the patient's quality of life and are frequently a prime reason for a lack of long-term compliance with the associated increased risk of recurrence of a depressive episode. This article is an overview of the more common adverse events, which are seen with non-acute treatment with the SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moret
- NeuroBiz Consulting & Communication, Castres, France.
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Freudenberg S, Rewerk S, Bay F, Al Khouri C, Wagner A, Isaac M, Gebhard MM, Kahler G. Local Application of Hyperthermia in the Esophagus with a Heatable Malleable Thermoplastic Stent. Eur Surg Res 2006; 38:42-7. [PMID: 16490993 DOI: 10.1159/000091526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study measures the effect of hyperthermia applied through a heatable stent in the esophagus in order to investigate whether this procedure offers a therapeutic option for tumor treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thermoplastic malleable stents, with the capacity to be heated after implantation, were placed endoscopically in the middle third of the esophagi of 30 pigs. After placement the stents were heated in vivo for 60 min at temperatures ranging from 43 to 52 degrees C. Temperature was measured in the surrounding tissue at various distances from the stent, determining heat penetration. The esophagi were histologically examined after 7 days. RESULTS The maximal heating temperature tolerated in the esophagi without transmural necrosis was 46.5 degrees C, when applied twice for 60 min with a pause of 48 h. With this procedure a tumor damaging temperature of 42.5 degrees C was achieved at a maximum distance of 12 mm surrounding the stent. CONCLUSION Application of hyperthermia through a heatable stent in the esophagus is feasible. The maximal depth of therapeutic temperature achieved by this procedure (12 mm) is not sufficient to heal esophageal cancer, but may be of palliative value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Freudenberg
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim of the University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
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Isaac M, Slassi A, Silva KD, Arora J, MacLean N, Hung B, McCallum K. 5,5-Diaryl-2-amino-4-pentenoates as novel, potent, and selective glycine transporter type-2 reuptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1371-3. [PMID: 11378357 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 5,5-diaryl-2-amino-4-pentenoates was synthesized and found to be potent and selective glycine transporter type-2 reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- NPS Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6850 Goreway Drive, L4V 1V7, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Isaac M, Janca A, Burke KC, Costa e Silva JA, Acuda SW, Altamura AC, Burke JD, Chandrashekar CR, Miranda CT, Tacchini G. Medically unexplained somatic symptoms in different cultures. A preliminary report from phase I of the World Health Organization International Study of Somatoform Disorders. Psychother Psychosom 2001; 64:88-93. [PMID: 8559958 DOI: 10.1159/000288996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recently launched an international study of somatoform disorders in different cultures. Five centres representing distinct cultures participated in phase I of the project, the main objective of which was to test the cross-cultural applicability and reliability of instruments for the assessment of somatoform disorders. The analysis of the assessed somatic symptoms showed that various aches and pains in different parts of the body represented cross-culturally the most frequent symptoms for which there was no medical explanation. Such symptoms may indicate the presence of an underlying mental disorder but can also represent a means for culture-specific expression of psychosocial distress. This bears particular significance for health professionals in primary and general medical care, who are most likely to encounter patients presenting with multiple, persistent and medically unexplained somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Isaac M, Slassi A. Recent advances in 5-HT(1D)-selective agonists. IDrugs 2001; 4:189-96. [PMID: 16032481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Discovery Chemistry Department, NPS Allelix Corp, 6850 Goreway Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, L4V 1V7. /
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Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide amount to 12.7% of the global burden of disease and related conditions (GBD) according to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates for 1999, and recognition of the enormous component of mental illness in the GBD has attracted unprecedented attention in the field of international health. Focusing on low- and middle-income countries with high adult mortality, this article discusses essential functions of international agencies concerned with mental health. A review of the history and development of national mental health policy in India follows, and local case studies consider the approach to planning in a rural mental health programme in West Bengal and the experience in an established urban mental health programme in a low-income community of Mumbai. Local programmes must be attentive to the needs of the communities they serve, and they require the support of global and national policy for resources and the conceptual tools to formulate strategies to meet those needs. National programmes retain major responsibilities for the health of their country's population: they are the portals through which global and local interests, ideas, and policies formally interact. International priorities should be responsive to a wide range of national interests, which in turn should be sensitive to diverse local experiences. Mental health actions thereby benefit from the synergy of informed and effective policy at each level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Weiss
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basle, Switzerland.
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Isaac M, Slassi A, Xin T, MacLean N, Wilson J, McCallum K, Wang H, Demchyshyn L. 6-Bicyclopiperazinyl-1-arylsulfonylindoles and 6-bicyclopiperidinyl-1-arylsulfonylindoles derivatives as novel, potent, and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1719-21. [PMID: 10937732 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 6-bicyclopiperazinyl-1-arylsulfonylindoles and 6-bicyclopiperidinyl-1-arylsulfonylindoles derivatives was synthesized and found to be potent and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- NPS Allelix Corp., Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Isaac M, Slassi A, O'Brien A, Edwards L, MacLean N, Bueschkens D, Lee DK, McCallum K, De Lannoy I, Demchyshyn L, Kamboj R. Pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline derivatives, a 5-HT2c receptor agonist with selectivity over the 5-HT2a receptor: potential therapeutic applications for epilepsy and obesity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:919-21. [PMID: 10853660 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline derivatives was synthesized, evaluated for their activity against the 5-HT2c and 5-HT2a, receptors and found to be agonists at 5-HT2c with selectivity over 5-HT2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- NPS Allelix Corp., Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
During the past decade the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have become established as the treatment of choice for depression. As newer antidepressants become available on the market, it is important to reappraise the position of the SSRIs in the management of depression. This review will address the question: where are we going with the SSRIs? The continued establishment of the SSRIs as first-line treatment for depression will be discussed, focusing on the more rapid onset of antidepressant efficacy seen with pindolol augmentation and the use of SSRIs for treatment of depression in patients with physical illnesses, particularly ischaemic heart disease. The SSRIs have well-documented efficacy in panic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and paroxetine has recently been licensed for social anxiety disorder/social phobia in some countries. Results will be presented from studies with the SSRIs in new therapeutic areas, including post-traumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Psychopharmacology Evaluation Unit, University Hospital, Lewisham, London, UK.
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Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a disease of protean manifestations. We describe 3 patients whose unusual presentation of sarcoidosis resembled localized scleroderma (morphea).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Burov
- Department of Dermatology, Allegheny University Hospitals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
AIMS To develop a simple process for data transfer between disparate laboratory computer systems, and to assist in the rationalisation of services while maintaining or improving clinical care. METHODS Using existing hardware and software in the laboratories, data manipulation was reduced in the sending and receiving laboratories by using scripting languages to perform the import and export routines from disparate laboratory systems. RESULTS Data exchange between Carmarthen and Swansea laboratories (12,000 specimens per year) was achieved in a semiautomatic manner for most specimens. Turnaround times were equalled or improved with the new arrangements, and significant reductions were obtained in staff costs. CONCLUSIONS Data exchange between disparate laboratory computer systems can be achieved inhouse using simple systems. The process offers a route to assist in the management of reducing resources. The process could be readily utilised in other pathology disciplines or with any data integration exercise. There is scope for further enhancement that is currently being investigated.
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Abstract
In spite of an effort to harmonize the latest editions of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), a number of differences between the two classification systems still exist. One of these differences is related to the category of somatoform disorders. The cross-cultural applicability of ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for somatoform disorders have been explored in the context of the ongoing WHO International Study of Somatoform Disorders. The study demonstrated that the current diagnostic concepts of somatoform disorders are cross-culturally acceptable in spite of the differences in their descriptions and classifications. However, it was found that a number of culture specific symptoms of somatoform disorders which do not appear in ICD-10 and DSM-IV were important and necessary for their diagnosis in specific cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janca
- Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Isaac M, Tomé M. Follow-up of Autoreceptor Blockade in Depression. Eur Psychiatry 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Isaac M, Tomé M. Track 1: Autoreceptors in Depression (Antidepressant Action). Eur Psychiatry 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)80516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
Aspergillosis comprises a spectrum of diseases caused by species of a ubiquitous saprophytic mold, Aspergillus, that usually live on decaying vegetation. Aspergillus organisms rarely behave as pathogens in an immunocompetent host. In the presence of immunosuppression, however, aspergillus may be invasive and take a fulminant course. Aspergillosis is the second most frequent opportunistic fungal infection surpassed only by candidiasis; therefore, early detection and treatment are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the historical aspects, etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of this disease and focuses on the cutaneous aspects of species of Aspergillus known to infect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Pennsylvania/Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
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Abstract
A mail questionnaire survey was organized by WHO to obtain expert opinion on the cross-cultural applicability of ICD-10 definitions of somatoform disorders. A response was obtained from 42 experts in 23 countries representing all five continents. The results showed that the ICD-10 concept of somatoform disorders was generally acceptable for use across cultures. However, a number of culture-specific symptoms, characteristics and terms that do not appear in ICD-10 were found to be common and important for the diagnosis of somatoform disorders in particular cultures. Pointing out the relative restrictiveness of ICD-10 criteria for somatization disorder, the experts emphasized the usefulness of having the more inclusive category of undifferentiated somatoform disorder. The survey was organized as the starting point of the WHO International Study of Somatoform Disorders. The major goal of the study is to improve understanding of the somatic presentation of psychological disorders in different cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Janca
- Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Two cases are reported of the rare anatomical abnormality of fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with agenesis of the vermis. The cases are the more unusual since they show prolonged survival and the absence of other major fusion abnormalities in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Isaac
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, Great Britain
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Payne RA, Isaac M, Francis JM. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antibody class capture for the detection of antitoxoplasma IgM. J Clin Pathol 1982; 35:892-6. [PMID: 7050187 PMCID: PMC497811 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.35.8.892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sera from 180 patients with suspected toxoplasmic lymphadenopathy were examined for antitoxoplasma IgM by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using antibody class capture (ACCA). Of 82 positive ACCA results, 78 were confirmed by testing the IgM fractions of the sera, obtained by sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC). The four positive results which could not be confirmed were all from patients with at least a year's history of lymphadenopathy. Sera from 10 patients with low Sabin Feldman dye test (DT) titers gave positive ACCA results and subsequent specimens from them showed a rise in antibody concentration, confirming the diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. The antitoxoplasma IgM immunofluorescent antibody test (IgM-IFA) on whole serum was relatively insensitive and gave false-positive results with sera containing rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear factor (ANF). There were no false-positive ACCA results with such sera, probably because the conjugates were prepared from F(ab')2 fragments of antitoxoplasma serum. The ACCA proved to be sensitive, specific and easily automated enabling examination of large numbers of specimens.
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for IgM antirubella were carried out on 1,546 sera, using an IgM capture method with a F (ab')2 conjugate (ACCA). Under the conditions described, sera containing IgM antirubella bound up to 15 times as much enzyme activity as negative specimens. Paired serum specimens from 27 patients, serial serum specimens from 6 patients, and single serum specimens from 15 patients who had had recent rubella were examined by the haemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) in the presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol following sucrose density gradient centrifugation (SDGC). ACCA confirmed all the results found with HAI following SDGC. Specimens were examined from ten patients with congenital rubella; ACCA confirmed the results found with both immunofluorescence following SDGC and radioimmunoassay. Pre- and post-vaccination specimens from 123 patients who had been vaccinated against rubella were examined. An IgM response could only be demonstrated in the 57 cases when IgG was absent in the first specimen. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by testing 31 serum specimens from rubella immune patients that also contained rheumatoid factor, 163 serum specimens from patients with acute infections other than rubella, and 12 serum specimens from infants with miscellaneous neonatal abnormalities other than congenital rubella. The ACCA proved a simple, sensitive, and specific test for IgM antirubella and the results compared favourably with those obtained by the SDGC technique.
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Keshavan MS, Isaac M, Kapur RL. I11-defined somatic symptoms in a South Indian rural clinic. Some preliminary clinical observations. Trop Geogr Med 1980; 32:163-8. [PMID: 6252670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A detailed physical and psychiatric examination was carried out on 125 patients presenting with vague illdefined sensory symptoms, at a South Indian rural primary care clinic. Among these 94 cases were found to have a predominantly sensory peripheral neuropathy, 19 cases had evidence of other medical illnesses, and only 12 cases could be categorised as being functional. The large number of cases of peripheral neuropathy in a South Indian village is probably nutritional and resembles the clinical pattern of the burning feet syndrome. The significance of the presentation of these cases with vague somatic and psychological symptoms to psychiatric epidemiology is stressed.
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Dundee JW, Isaac M, Davis EA, Sheridan B. Effects of rapid infusion of ethanol on some factors controlling blood sugar levels in man. Q J Stud Alcohol 1972; 33:722-33. [PMID: 5076879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rao MM, Johny KV, Shastry JC, Isaac M. Renal transplantation. J Assoc Physicians India 1972; 20:645-9. [PMID: 4570009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dundee JW, Howard AJ, Isaac M. Alcohol and the benzodiazepines. The interaction between intravenous ethanol and chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. Q J Stud Alcohol 1971; 32:960-8. [PMID: 5137095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Dundee JW, Howard AJ, Isaac M, Taggart J, Howard PJ. Alcohol and the Benzodiazepines; The Interaction between Intravenous Ethanol and Chlordiazepoxide and Diazepam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.15288/qjsa.1971.32.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Dundee
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen's University of Belfast
| | - A. J. Howard
- Department of Forensic Science, Ministry of Commerce, Northern Ireland
| | - M. Isaac
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen's University of Belfast
| | - J. Taggart
- Department of Forensic Science, Ministry of Commerce, Northern Ireland
| | - P. J. Howard
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen's University of Belfast
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Dundee
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - M. Isaac
- Department of Anaesthetics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - J. Taggart
- Department of Forensic Science, Ministry of Commerce, Northern Ireland
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Dundee JW, Isaac M, Taggart J. Blood ethanol levels following rapid intravenous infusion. Q J Stud Alcohol 1971; 32:741-7. [PMID: 5112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Dundee JW, Isaac M. Interaction of alcohol with sedatives and tranquillisers (a study of blood levels at loss of consciousness following rapid infusion). Med Sci Law 1970; 10:220-224. [PMID: 5504798 DOI: 10.1177/002580247001000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Abstract
A re-evaluation of alcohol as an intravenous anaesthetic provided an opportunity of studying the changes in venous blood, urine, and breath levels under controlled conditions. Twelve volunteer patients were given 0.8 g./kg. in 8% w/v solution over four to six minutes. Despite standardization of technique there was a great variation in the peak urinary concentration and also some variation in the time at which urinary level exceeded that of blood, but this latter always occurred within 30 minutes of infusion. From one hour after infusion there was a constant mean rate of decline of both venous and urinary concentrations. While urinary/venous blood ratios varied greatly they remained fairly constant in each individual patient. The average ratio (1.35) was similar to that of other published papers. With a modification of gearing (58:1 to 67:1) the standard Ethanographe gave good correlation of breath with venous blood concentrations at low levels when patients were able to operate the machine themselves. At high levels, however, with a two-minute period of rebreathing in the unconscious patient, the correlation was poor.
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