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Nazih A, Baghour M, Maatougui A, Aboukhalid K, Chiboub B, Bazile D. Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Mechanical Scarification on the Germination and Seedling Stages of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. under Salt Stress. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1330. [PMID: 38794401 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a facultative halophyte renowned for its importance in enhancing food security, and it supports forage production across diverse climatic regions. The objective of this study is to examine the impacts of multiple pre-treatment methods on C. quinoa seed (Titicaca cultivar) germination parameters, identify the optimum pre-treatment to diminish the consequence of salinity, and promote the productivity of this crop, especially in marginal environments. For this purpose, a spectrum of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations spanning from 0 to 500 mM and gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations ranging from 0 to 300 ppm were tested, and mechanical scarification (MS) was carried out. The effect of a combination of these pretreatment NaCl/GA3 and NaCl/MS on the germination parameters of C. quinoa seed was also investigated. The results showed that the total germination, vigor index, and germination index decreased progressively with an increase in salinity. Hence, salinity exhibited a notable influence on most germination parameters. Moreover, seeds scarified with 500 mM of NaCl negatively affected all measured parameters. In contrast, gibberellic acid applied at 200 ppm was effective on most of the parameters measured, particularly under 100 mM of NaCl. These findings indicate that immersing seeds in gibberellic acid could mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Nazih
- Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohamed 1st University, B.P. 300, Selouane 60700, Morocco
- National Institute of Agronomic Research, CRRA Oujda, 10 Bd Mohamed VI, B.P. 428, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohamed 1st University, B.P. 300, Selouane 60700, Morocco
| | - Abdesselam Maatougui
- National Institute of Agronomic Research, CRRA Oujda, 10 Bd Mohamed VI, B.P. 428, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Kaoutar Aboukhalid
- National Institute of Agronomic Research, CRRA Oujda, 10 Bd Mohamed VI, B.P. 428, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Basma Chiboub
- Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohamed 1st University, B.P. 300, Selouane 60700, Morocco
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, 34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, CIRAD, IRD, Université de Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Rahhou A, Layachi M, Akodad M, Ouamari NEL, Aknaf A, Skalli A, Oudra B, Kolar M, Imperl J, Petrova P, Baghour M. Trace metals and macrominerals in common seaweeds in the Marchica (a restored lagoon, Mediterranean Sea): Nutritional value and health risk assessment. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 196:115665. [PMID: 37866053 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the contents of macrominerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg and P) and essential trace metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Se) in four species of seaweeds (Gracilaria sp., Alsidium corallinum, Caulerpa prolifera, and Chaetomorpha sp.) from Marchica Lagoon. The contents of macrominerals with mean values (% dw) can be sequenced in this descending order, [Ca > Mg > Na > K > P] for Caulerpa prolifera, and the decreasing sequence [K > Ca > Mg > P > Na] for Chaetomorpha sp. In red seaweeds, Gracilaria sp. and Alsidiumcorallinum followed these orders: [K > Ca > Na > Mg > P] and [K > Na > Ca > Mg > P] respectively. The essential trace metals mean values (mg kg-1) followed the decreasing order [Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Se] for Alsidiumcorallinum, Chaetomorpha sp. and Gracilaria sp., and the following order [Fe > Mn > Zn > Se > Cu] for Caulerpa prolifera. Based on the calculated recommended dietary allowance (RDA), targeted hazard quotient (THQ) and the hazard index (HI), the studied seaweeds did not pose any health risk for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmane Rahhou
- Laboratory of Biology, Geosciences, Physics and Environment (OLMAN-LBGPE) Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed the First University, Nador, Morocco.
| | | | - Mustapha Akodad
- Laboratory of Biology, Geosciences, Physics and Environment (OLMAN-LBGPE) Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed the First University, Nador, Morocco
| | | | - Asmae Aknaf
- Laboratory of Biology, Geosciences, Physics and Environment (OLMAN-LBGPE) Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed the First University, Nador, Morocco
| | - Ali Skalli
- Laboratory of Biology, Geosciences, Physics and Environment (OLMAN-LBGPE) Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed the First University, Nador, Morocco
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mitja Kolar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Imperl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petranka Petrova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Ivan Mihailov, 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Laboratory of Biology, Geosciences, Physics and Environment (OLMAN-LBGPE) Multidisciplinary Faculty, Mohammed the First University, Nador, Morocco
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Ngadi H, Layachi M, Azizi G, Baghour M, Esseffar S, Loukili H, Moumen A. Evaluation of the water quality and the eutrophication risk in Ramsar site on Moroccan northern Mediterranean (Marchica lagoon): A multivariate statistical approach. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115373. [PMID: 37562238 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the extent of eutrophication in the Marchica lagoon, using the trophic index (TRIX), trophic status index (TSI) and Redfield ratio (N/P). Seawater samples were collected monthly from March 2018 to February 2019 from ten locations in the lagoon. The TRIX index ranged from 1.25 to 8.87, indicating oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. TSI values ranged from 28.4 to 65.1, indicating ultraoligotrophic to supereutrophic seawater. The Redfield ratio consistently showed N/P values below 16, designating phosphorus as the limiting factor for algal growth. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) revealed distinct coastal water masses based on seasons and sampling regions. Given these findings, urgent conservation and management measures are recommended to address the eutrophication issues threatening the delicate balance of the Marchica lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ngadi
- OLMAN- RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Layachi
- Centre Régional de l'INRH-Nador-, 13 Boulevard Zerktouni BP: 493, Nador, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane Azizi
- OLMAN- RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mourad Baghour
- OLMAN- RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Sara Esseffar
- OLMAN- RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Hamza Loukili
- OLMAN- RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Moumen
- OLMAN- RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco.
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Gueddari H, Akodad M, Baghour M, Moumen A, Skalli A, Yousfi YE, Ait Hmeid H, Chahban M, Azizi G, Chaibi M, Riouchi O, Maach M, Ismail A, Zahid M. Support Vector Machine: A Case Study in the Kert Aquifer for Predicting the Water Quality Index in Mediterranean Zone, Drouich Province, Oriental Region, Morocco. Nat Env Poll Tech 2022. [DOI: 10.46488/nept.2022.v21i05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The expansion of urbanization and the amplification of anthropic activities in the Rif region require the establishment of wells. However, the irrational exploitation of water and natural conditions have generated the rise of the water table and the increase in pollution. Thus, the assessment of water quality has emerged as a significant concern. This study’s goal is to assess the adequacy of groundwater quality in two aquifers in the vicinity of the Mediterranean Zone - Drouich Province and Oriental Region, Morocco, for drinking water needs by taking 62 water samples of the Kert aquifer for 2019. The Water Quality Index (WQI) classifies water quality: as excellent, good, poor, very poor, etc. That is essential for conveying information about water quality to people and decision-makers in the affected area. The WQI in the Kert aquifer varies from 62.3 to 392.3. The calculation of the water quality index (WQI) of the Kert aquifer view is based that 45.16% of groundwater samples are of poor quality, making them acceptable for drinking. The study’s analysis is established with a geographic information system (GIS) setting. The index map provides decision-makers with a complete and interpretable picture for better water resource planning and management. SVM models are shown to account for 87.71% of the varying water quality score. Different statistical and intelligence models may make the index more predictable. These forecasts assist us in better managing the aquifer’s water quality.
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Gueddari H, Akodad M, Baghour M, Moumen A, Skalli A, Yousfi YE, Ismail A, Chahban M, Azizi G, Hmeid HA, Zahid M. The salinity origin and hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the Oued Kert basin, North-eastern of Morocco. Scientific African 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Aknaf A, Akodad M, Layachi M, Baghour M, Oudra B, Vasconcelos V. The chemical characterization and its relationship with heavy metals contamination in surface sediment of Marchica Mediterranean Lagoon (North of Morocco). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:4159-4169. [PMID: 34405328 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sediments were studied according to the granulometric characteristics, the geochemical analyses of the sediments (organic matter (OM), carbonate, and pH), the analyses of heavy metals (HM) characteristics, and their contamination status in the ecological system and the mineralogical analysis of the sediments at 8 sites spread over the Marchica lagoon (NE-Morocco). Our results showed that the opening of the new wide and deep pass affected the spatial distributions of the metals, which were closely related to fine fraction and sediment OM concentration. In the north and southeast lagoon zones presented low concentrations of the HM, fine particles (clay), OM, whereas the south and the center of the lagoon were heavily loaded with HM and OM, corresponding to the trapping zones by fine particles. The results of mineralogy analyses have revealed the predominance of non-clay minerals such as quartz and calcite, and for the clay fractions of sediments showed that they are formed of illite, kaolinite, smectite, and chlorite in highly variable proportions; illite was the most dominant clay in the north-western Marchica lagoon sediments. Therefore, the HMs are fixed by clay colloids having a high cation exchange capacity with smectite-chlorite-kaolinite assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Aknaf
- Laboratory of Biology, Geoscience, Physics and Environment (LBGPE), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University of Mohammed Premier, BP 300, 62700, Selouane, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Akodad
- Laboratory of Biology, Geoscience, Physics and Environment (LBGPE), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University of Mohammed Premier, BP 300, 62700, Selouane, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Layachi
- Centre Régional de l'INRH-Nador, 13 Boulevard Zerktouni BP, 493, Nador, Maroc, Morocco
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Laboratory of Biology, Geoscience, Physics and Environment (LBGPE), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, University of Mohammed Premier, BP 300, 62700, Selouane, Nador, Morocco
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change laboratory. Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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Maach M, Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Venema K, Akodad M, Moumen A, Skalli A, Baghour M. Improved yield, fruit quality, and salt resistance in tomato co-overexpressing LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 genes. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:703-712. [PMID: 33967457 PMCID: PMC8055741 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The K+, Na+/H+ antiporter LeNHX2 and the regulatory kinase SlSOS2 are important determinants of salt tolerance in tomato plants and their fruit production ability. In this work, we have analyzed the effects of LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 co-overexpression on fruit production, quality in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. MicroTom), and analyzed physiological parameters related to salt tolerance. Plants overexpressing LeNHX2, SlSOS2 or both were grown in greenhouse. They were treated with 125 mM NaCl or left untreated and their salt tolerance was analyzed in terms of plant biomass and fruit yield. Under NaCl cultivation conditions, transgenic tomato plants overexpressing either SlSOS2 or LeNHX2 or both grew better and showed a higher biomass compared to their wild-type plants. Proline, glucose and protein content in leaves as well as pH and total soluble solid (TSS) in fruits were analyzed. Our results indicate that salinity tolerance of transgenic lines is associated with an increased proline, glucose and protein content in leaves of plants grown either with or without NaCl. Salt treatment significantly reduced yield, pH and TSS in fruits of WT plants but increased yield, pH and TSS in fruits of transgenic plants, especially those overexpressing both LeNHX2 and SlSOS2. All these results indicate that the co-overexpression of LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 improve yield and fruit quality of tomato grown under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostapha Maach
- Laboratoire OLMAN, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Université Mohammed Premier, Nador, Morocco
| | - María Pilar Rodríguez-Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Calle Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Mustapha Akodad
- Laboratoire OLMAN, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Université Mohammed Premier, Nador, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Moumen
- Laboratoire OLMAN, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Université Mohammed Premier, Nador, Morocco
| | - Ali Skalli
- Laboratoire OLMAN, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Université Mohammed Premier, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Laboratoire OLMAN, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador, Université Mohammed Premier, Nador, Morocco
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Cagnac O, Baghour M, Jaime‐Pérez N, Aranda‐Sicilia MN, Sánchez‐Romero ME, Rodríguez‐Rosales MP, Venema K. Deletion of the N‐terminal domain of the yeast vacuolar (Na
+
,K
+
)/H
+
antiporter Vnx1p improves salt tolerance in yeast and transgenic
Arabidopsis. Yeast 2020; 37:173-185. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador Université Mohammed Premier Nador Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Kees Venema
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC Granada Spain
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Baghour M, Gálvez FJ, Sánchez ME, Aranda MN, Venema K, Rodríguez-Rosales MP. Overexpression of LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 increases salt tolerance and fruit production in double transgenic tomato plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:77-86. [PMID: 30513478 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. MicroTom) overexpressing both the K+,Na+/H+ antiporter LeNHX2 and the regulatory kinase SlSOS2 were produced by crossing transgenic homozygous lines overexpressing LeNHX2 and SlSOS2. LeNHX2 expression was enhanced in plants overexpressing LeNHX2 but surprisingly even more in plants overexpressing SlSOS2 with and without LeNHX2. All transgenic plants showed better NaCl tolerance than wild type controls and plants overexpressing both LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 grew better under saline conditions than plants overexpressing only one of these genes. Yield related parameters indicated that single and above all double transgenic plants performed significantly better than wild type controls. All transgenic plants produced fruits with a higher K+ content than wild-type plants and plants overexpressing SlSOS2 accumulated more Na+ in fruits than the rest of the plants when grown with NaCl. Roots, stems and leaves of transgenic plants overexpressing LeNHX2 showed a higher K+ content than wild type and single transgenic plants overexpressing SlSOS2. Na+ content in stems and leaves of NaCl treated plants was higher in SlSOS2 overexpressing plants than in wild type and LeNHX2 single transgenic plants. All transgenic lines showed a higher leaf relative water content and a higher plant water content and water use efficiency than wild type controls when both were grown in the presence of NaCl. Results in this work indicate that the joint overexpression of LeNHX2 and SlSOS2 improves growth and water status under NaCl stress, affects K+ and Na+ homeostasis and enhances fruit yield of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Baghour
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gálvez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - M Elena Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - M Nieves Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Kees Venema
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - M Pilar Rodríguez-Rosales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
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Azizi G, Layachi M, Akodad M, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Martín-García AI, Baghour M, Mesfioui A, Skalli A, Moumen A. Seasonal variations of heavy metals content in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Cala Iris offshore (Northern Morocco). Mar Pollut Bull 2018; 137:688-694. [PMID: 30503484 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, and Pb were investigated in soft tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis coming from an aquaculture farm in Cala Iris sea of AlHoceima. Mytilus galloprovincialis were collected monthly during the period January to December 2016. The seasonal variations were affected significantly the concentrations of metals (Cd, Fe and Cr) in M. galloprovincialis. The highest heavy metal concentrations were recorded in winter (0.89 mg/kg, 673.2 and 3.330 mg/kg; for Cd, Fe and Cr, respectively) and the lowest values were founded in summer for Cd (0.646 mg/kg), and in autumn for Fe (340.1 mg/kg) and Cr (1.959 mg/kg). A significant effect of seasons on metal concentrations can be attributed to a number of biological and environmental inter-related factors. Data from this study may provide information on the use of M. galloprovincialis as a bioindicator for heavy metals pollution in the Cala Iris Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Azizi
- OLMAN-RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Layachi
- Centre Régional de l'INRH-Nador, 13 Boulevard Zerktouni BP: 493, Nador, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Akodad
- OLMAN-RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - David R Yáñez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Camino del Jueves s/n, Armilla 18100, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Ignacio Martín-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Bioquímica de la Nutrición Animal, Camino del Jueves s/n, Armilla 18100, EEZ, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Mourad Baghour
- OLMAN-RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Mesfioui
- Centre Régional de l'INRH-Nador, 13 Boulevard Zerktouni BP: 493, Nador, Morocco
| | - Ali Skalli
- OLMAN-RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco
| | - Abdelmajid Moumen
- OLMAN-RL, Faculté Pluridisciplinaire de Nador (FPN), Université Mohammed 1er, B.P: 300, Selouane, 62700, Nador, Morocco.
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Gálvez FJ, Baghour M, Hao G, Cagnac O, Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Venema K. Expression of LeNHX isoforms in response to salt stress in salt sensitive and salt tolerant tomato species. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 51:109-15. [PMID: 22153246 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In general, wild tomato species are more salt tolerant than cultivated species, a trait that is related to enhanced Na(+) accumulation in aerial parts in the wild species, but the molecular basis for these differences is not known. Plant NHX proteins have been suggested to be important for salt tolerance by promoting accumulation of Na(+) or K(+) inside vacuoles. Therefore, differences in expression or activity of NHX proteins in tomato could be at the basis of the enhanced salt tolerance in wild tomato species. To test this hypothesis, we studied the expression level of four NHX genes in the salt sensitive cultivated species Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Volgogradskij and the salt tolerant wild species Solanum pimpinelifolium L in response to salt stress. First, we determined that in the absence of salt stress, the RNA abundance of LeNHX2, 3 and 4 was comparable in both species, while more LeNHX1 RNA was detected in the tolerant species. LeNHX2 and LeNHX3 showed comparable expression levels and were present in all tissues, while LeNHX4 was expressed above all in stem and fruit tissues. Next, we confirmed that the wild species was more tolerant and accumulated more Na(+) in aerial parts of the plant. This correlated with the observation that salt stress induced especially the LeNHX3 and LeNHX4 isoforms in the tolerant species. These results support a role of NHX genes as determinants of salt tolerance in tomato, inducing enhanced Na(+) accumulation observed in the wild species when grown in the presence of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Gálvez
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
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Rodríguez-Rosales MP, Gálvez FJ, Huertas R, Aranda MN, Baghour M, Cagnac O, Venema K. Plant NHX cation/proton antiporters. Plant Signal Behav 2009; 4:265-76. [PMID: 19794841 PMCID: PMC2664485 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.4.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although physiological and biochemical data since long suggested that Na(+)/H(+) and K(+)/H(+) antiporters are involved in intracellular ion and pH regulation in plants, it has taken a long time to identify genes encoding antiporters that could fulfil these roles. Genome sequencing projects have now shown that plants contain a very large number of putative Cation/Proton antiporters, the function of which is only beginning to be studied. The intracellular NHX transporters constitute the first Cation/Proton exchanger family studied in plants. The founding member, AtNHX1, was identified as an important salt tolerance determinant and suggested to catalyze Na(+) accumulation in vacuoles. It is, however, becoming increasingly clear, that this gene and other members of the family also play crucial roles in pH regulation and K(+) homeostasis, regulating processes from vesicle trafficking and cell expansion to plant development.
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Achard P, Baghour M, Chapple A, Hedden P, Van Der Straeten D, Genschik P, Moritz T, Harberd NP. The plant stress hormone ethylene controls floral transition via DELLA-dependent regulation of floral meristem-identity genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6484-9. [PMID: 17389366 PMCID: PMC1851083 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610717104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The length of the Arabidopsis thaliana life cycle depends on the timing of the floral transition. Here, we define the relationship between the plant stress hormone ethylene and the timing of floral initiation. Ethylene signaling is activated by diverse environmental stresses, but it was not previously clear how ethylene regulates flowering. First, we show that ethylene delays flowering in Arabidopsis, and that this delay is partly rescued by loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding the DELLAs, a family of nuclear gibberellin (GA)-regulated growth-repressing proteins. This finding suggests that ethylene may act in part by modulating DELLA activity. We also show that activated ethylene signaling reduces bioactive GA levels, thus enhancing the accumulation of DELLAs. Next, we show that ethylene acts on DELLAs via the CTR1-dependent ethylene response pathway, most likely downstream of the transcriptional regulator EIN3. Ethylene-enhanced DELLA accumulation in turn delays flowering via repression of the floral meristem-identity genes LEAFY (LFY) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). Our findings establish a link between the CTR1/EIN3-dependent ethylene and GA-DELLA signaling pathways that enables adaptively significant regulation of plant life cycle progression in response to environmental adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Achard
- *Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UJ, United Kingdom
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mourad Baghour
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrew Chapple
- *Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hedden
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Unit Plant Hormone Signaling and Bio-Imaging, Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, Conventionné avec l'Université Louis Pasteur, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P. Harberd
- *Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UJ, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Ruonala R, Rinne PLH, Baghour M, Moritz T, Tuominen H, Kangasjärvi J. Transitions in the functioning of the shoot apical meristem in birch (Betula pendula) involve ethylene. Plant J 2006; 46:628-40. [PMID: 16640599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In many trees, a short photoperiod (SD) triggers substantial physiological adjustments necessary for over-wintering. We have used transgenic ethylene-insensitive birches (Betula pendula), which express the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gene ETR1 carrying the dominant mutation etr1-1, to investigate the role of ethylene in SD-induced responses in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Under SD, the ethylene-insensitive trees ceased elongation growth comparably to the wild-type. In contrast, the formation of terminal buds, which in trees is typically induced by SD, was abolished. However, although delayed, endo-dormancy did eventually develop in the ethylene-insensitive trees. This, together with the rapid resumption of growth in the ethylene-insensitive trees after transfer from non-permissive to permissive conditions suggests that ethylene facilitates the SD-induced terminal bud formation, as well as growth arrest. In addition, apical buds of the ethylene-insensitive birch did not accumulate abscisic acid (ABA) under SD, suggesting interaction between ethylene and ABA signalling in the bud. Alterations in SAM functioning were further exemplified by reduced apical dominance and early flowering in ethylene-insensitive birches. Gene expression analysis of shoot apices revealed that the ethylene-insensitive birch lacked the marked increase in expression of a beta-xylosidase gene typical to the SD-exposed wild-type. The ethylene-dependent beta-xylosidase gene expression is hypothesized to relate to modification of cell walls in terminal buds during SD-induced growth cessation. Our results suggest that ethylene is involved in terminal bud formation and in the timely suppression of SAM activity, not only in the shoot apex, but also in axillary and reproductive meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raili Ruonala
- Plant Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Baghour M, Moreno DA, Víllora G, López-Cantarero I, Hernández J, Castilla N, Romero L. Root-zone temperature influences the distribution of Cu and Zn in potato-plant organs. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50:140-146. [PMID: 11754558 DOI: 10.1021/jf010375j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Root-zone temperatures (RZT) in relation to Cu and Zn uptake and tissue accumulation, and to total biomass, in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta) were studied. Using five different plastic mulches (no cover, transparent polyethylene, white polyethylene, coextruded white-black polyethylene, and black polyethylene) resulted in significantly different RZT (16, 20, 23, 27, and 30 degrees C, respectively). These RZT significantly influenced Cu and Zn content (concentrated) and the biomass in various potato organs. Root-zone temperature at 20 degrees C resulted in significantly high Cu content in leaflets, and soluble Cu content in leaflets and stems, whereas 23 and 27 degrees C resulted in significantly high Cu content in roots. However, RZT had no effect on Cu content in tubers or stems or on soluble Cu in roots or tubers. The RZT at 20 degrees C resulted in significantly high Zn and soluble Zn in stems, roots, and tubers; whereas, at 27 degrees C Zn and soluble Zn content were significantly highest in leaflets. The most biomass occurred in roots and tubers at 27 degrees C; whereas in leaves and stems, the RZT influence was highly variable. Total accumulation of both Cu forms was affected by RZT at 20 degrees C, with roots and tubers having significantly the least Cu and stems and leaflets having the most. Total accumulation of both Zn forms by RZT in potato organs was highly variable, but tubers consistently accumulated the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Baghour
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
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Baghour M, Moreno DA, Hernández J, Castilla N, Romero L. Influence of thermal regime of soil on the sulfur (S) and selenium (Se) concentration in potato plants. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2002; 37:1075-1085. [PMID: 12090281 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120004524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three consecutive years of field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of different root temperatures, induced by the application of mulches on the concentration of sulfur (S) forms (organic-S, total-S and SO4(2-)) and Se in different organs of potato plants (roots, tubers, stems and leaves). Four different plastic covers were used (T1: transparent polyethylene; T2: white polyethylene; T3: white and black coextruded polyethylene, and T4: black polyethylene), using uncovered soil as control (T0). The different treatments had a significant effect on mean root temperatures (T0 = 16 degrees C, T1 = 20 degrees C, T2 = 23 degrees C, T3 = 27 degrees C and T4 = 30 degrees C) and induced a significantly different response in the S forms and Se concentration, showing the T3 treatment (27 degrees C) the greatest concentration of total S and organic S in the stems and leaflets. The Se reached higher levels in the roots and tubers in T3. With regard to possibilities in phytoremediation, it is necessary to control the thermal regime of the soil to optimize the accumulation of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Baghour
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå.
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Baghour M, Moreno DA, Víllora G, Hernández J, Castilla N, Romero L. Root zone temperature affects the phytoextraction of Ba, Cl, Sn, Pt, and Rb using potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta) in the field. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2002; 37:71-84. [PMID: 11846271 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100108483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three consecutive years of field experiments were conducted to investigate how different root-zone temperatures, manipulated by using different mulches, affect the phytoextraction of Ba, Cl, Sn, Pt and Rb in different organs of potato plants (roots, tubers, stems and leaves). Four different plastic covers were used (T1: transparent polyethylene; T2: white polyethylene; T3: white and black coextruded polyethylene, and T4: black polyethylene), using uncovered plants as control (T0). The different treatments had a significant effect on mean root zone temperatures (T0 = 16 degrees C, T1 = 20 degrees C, T2 = 23 degrees C, T3 = 27 degrees C and T4 = 30 degrees C) and induced a significantly different response in Ba, Cl, Sn, Pt and Rb concentration and accumulation. The T3 treatment gave rise to the greatest phytoextraction of Ba, Pt, Cl and Sn in the roots, leaflets and tubers. In terms of the relative distribution of the phytoaccumulated elements (as percentage of the total within the plant), Pt and Ba accumulated mainly in the roots whereas Rb, Sn and Cl accumulated primarily in tubers, establishing a close relationship between the biomass development of each organ and phytoaccumulation capacity of metals in response to temperature in the root zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baghour
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Baghour M, Moreno DA, Villora G, Hernández J, Castilla N, Romero L. The influence of the root zone temperatures on the phytoextraction of boron and aluminium with potato plants growing in the field. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2002; 37:939-953. [PMID: 12049127 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different root zone temperatures on the concentration and content of B and Al in potato plants was examined using four different treatments of plastic mulches: T1: transparent polyethylene; T2: white polyethylene; T3: coextruded black and white polyethylene; T4: black polyethylene. An open-air treatment (T0) was used as control. The results showed significantly positive effects of the plastic covers on the root-zone temperatures: T0 = 16 degrees C, T1 = 20 degrees C, T2 = 23 degrees C, T3 = 27 degrees C, T4 = 30 degrees C. These different soil temperature conditions significantly altered the B concentrations, with T3 promoting the greatest concentrations and phytoaccumulation. The root zone temperature treatments induced higher concentrations and accumulation of Al in the T2 and T3 treatments in the roots, tubers, and leaves. The T2 and T3 lead to high levels of pectins in the roots, tubers, and leaves. This appears to reflect a possible mechanism of tolerance to the high Al and B concentrations in the analysed organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Baghour
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå, Sweden.
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Baghour M, Moreno DA, Víllora G, Hernández J, Castilla N, Romero L. Phytoextraction of Cd and Pb and physiological effects in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum var. Spunta): importance of root temperature. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:5356-5363. [PMID: 11714328 DOI: 10.1021/jf010428x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three consecutive years of field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of different root-zone temperatures, induced by the application of mulches, on the concentration and accumulation of Cd and Pb and on bioindicators (chlorophylls, catalase, peroxidase and cell wall fractions) in different organs of potato plants (roots, tubers, stems, and leaflets). Four different plastic covers were employed (T1, transparent polyethylene; T2, white polyethylene; T3, white and black coextruded polyethylene, and T4, black polyethylene), using uncovered plants as the control (T0). The different treatments had a significant effect on the mean root-zone temperatures (T0 = 16 degrees C, T1 = 20 degrees C, T2 = 23 degrees C, T3 = 27 degrees C, and T4 = 30 degrees C) and induced significantly different responses in the Cd and Pb concentrations and phytoaccumulation, with T2 (23 degrees C) and T3 (27 degrees C) giving high concentrations of Cd in the roots and low concentrations in other organs. In relation to Pb, T2 and T3 reached higher levels in the tubers and lower levels in the roots, stems, and leaves. In terms of phytoaccumulation, the roots and tubers were the most effective organs for Cd and Pb. On the other hand, the highest values of peroxidase and catalase activities were obtained for T3. In addition, most of the carbohydrate fractions in both the roots and the tubers were highest for T3. Meanwhile, the lowest pigment values were registered for T1 (20 degrees C). For phytoremediation, it is necessary to ascertain the relevance and control of the thermal regime of the soil to optimize the phytoextraction of pollutant elements (Cd and Pb).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baghour
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
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Baghour M, Moreno DA, Hernández J, Castilla N, Romero L. Influence of root temperature on phytoaccumulation of As, Ag, Cr, and Sb in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Spunta). J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2001; 36:1389-1401. [PMID: 11545361 DOI: 10.1081/ese-100104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Three consecutive years of field experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of root temperatures induced by the application of mulches for phytoextraction of As, Ag, Cr and Sb using potato plants (roots, tubers, stems and leaflets). Four different plastic covers were used (T1: transparent polyethylene; T2: white polyethylene; T3: white and black coextruded polyethylene; and T4: black polyethylene), taking uncovered plants as control (T0). The different treatments had a significant effect on mean root temperatures (T0 = 16 degrees C, T1 = 20 degrees C, T2 = 23 degrees C, T3 = 27 degrees C and T4 = 30 degrees C) and induced a significantly different response in the As, Ag, Cr and Sb phytoaccumulation. The T3 treatment gave rise to the greatest phytoaccumulation of As, Ag, Cr and Sb in the roots, leaflets and tubers. In terms of the relative distribution of the phytoaccumulated metals (with respect to the total of the plant), As accumulated mainly in the roots and leaflets whereas Ag, Cr and Sb accumulated primarily in the tubers, establishing a close relationship between biomass development of each organ and phytoaccumulation capacity of elements in response to temperature in the root zone. With regard to phytoremediation using the potato plant, it is necessary to ascertain the influence and include the control of the thermal regime of the soil to optimize the phytoextraction of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baghour
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Spain.
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