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Ni doping induced property enhancement in laser ablated BaSnO 3 films suitable for optoelectronic applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26688. [PMID: 38468923 PMCID: PMC10925979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulsed laser deposition is a straightforward approach for preparing films with superconducting to dielectric properties with atomic layer precision. The deep-seated mechanisms involved in the particle transport from target to substrate and subsequent film formation still need to be fully comprehended. This manuscript reports the property enhancement observed in laser ablated perovskite BaSnO3 films with Ni doping. Films' crystallinity improvement is observed, and an intensity enhancement of 1150% is observed on 3 mol% Ni-doping. The optimum Ni-doping concentration in BaSnO3 is found to be 3 mol%. Herein, Ni-doped BaSnO3 films deposited by PLD showed an unusual increase in film thickness (i.e., from 615 nm in the pure film to 1317 nm in the film with 7 mol% Ni-doping as revealed by lateral SEM analysis and spectroscopic ellipsometry). We propose an "Induced Magnetic field-assisted Particle Convergence (IMPC)" effect for this superficial growth enhancement. The film's optical properties are modified with an increased nickel doping level, and the bandgap energy shows renormalization. All the films show excellent transmittance (80-90%) in the Vis.-NIR region. Hall-effect measurement reveals the increased carrier concentration by three orders (2.98 × 1011 to 3.50 × 1014 cm-3). In addition, the enhancement in mobility from 3.13 to 20.93 cm2V-1s-1 and a decrease in electrical resistivity by six orders (i.e., from 4.05 × 109 to 1.13 × 103 Ω cm) are observed on 7 mol% Ni doping. XPS measurements reveals that the Ba, Sn and Ni ions are at 2+, 4+ and 2+ oxidation states. Using spectroscopic ellipsometric method, we estimated the optical constants of the films, the refractive index, dielectric constant, and extinction coefficient show a normal dispersion behavior. The high crystallinity, high transmittance, suitable surface topography, and improved electrical performances of the Ni-doped BaSnO3 films make them excellent candidates for optoelectronic devices and solar cells.
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Indole alkaloids from marine resources: Understandings from therapeutic point of view to treat cancers. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110682. [PMID: 37648047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality all over the world. Scientific investigation has demonstrated that disruptions in the process of autophagy are frequently interrelated with the emergence of cancer. Hence, scientists are seeking permanent solutions to counter the deadly disease. Indole alkaloids have been extensively studied and are acknowledged to exhibit several bioactivities. The current state of disease necessitates novel pharmacophores development. In recent decades, indole alkaloids have become increasingly significant in cancer treatment and are also used as adjuvants. A substantial amount of pharmacologically active molecules come from indole alkaloids, which are widely distributed in nature. Indole alkaloids derived from marine organisms show immense potential for therapeutic applications and seem highly effective in cancer treatment. A couple of experiments have been conducted preclinically to investigate the possibility of indole alkaloids in cancer treatment. Marine-derived indole alkaloids possess the ability to exhibit anticancer properties through diverse antiproliferative mechanisms. Certain indole alkaloids, including vincristine and vinblastine, were verified in clinical trials or are presently undergoing clinical assessments for preventing and treating cancer. Indole alkaloids from marine resources hold a significant functionality in identifying new antitumor agents. The current literature highlights recent advancements in indole alkaloids that appear to be anticancer agents and the underlying mechanisms.
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Triplex qPCR assay for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli monitoring in wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023:164574. [PMID: 37268129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. is one of the most frequent pathogens of bacterial gastroenteritis recorded worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) are the two major disease-associated species, accounting for >95 % of infections, and thus have been selected for disease surveillance. Monitoring temporal variations in pathogen concentration and diversity excreted from community wastewater allows the early detection of outbreaks. Multiplex real-time/quantitative PCR (qPCR) enables multi-target quantification of pathogens in various types of samples including wastewater. Also, an internal amplification control (IAC) is required for each sample when adopting PCR-based methods for pathogen detection and quantification in wastewater to exclude the inhibition of the wastewater matrix. To achieve reliable quantification of C. jejuni and C. coli towards wastewater samples, this study developed and optimized a triplex qPCR assay by combining three qPCR primer-probe sets targeting Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter sputorum biovar sputorum (C. sputorum), respectively. This triplex qPCR assay not only can directly and simultaneously detect the concentration of C. jejuni and C. coli in wastewater but also can achieve the PCR inhibition control using C. sputorum primer-probe set. This is the first developed triplex qPCR assay with IAC for C. jejuni and C. coli, to be used in the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) applications. The optimized triplex qPCR assay enables the detection limit of the assay (ALOD100%) and wastewater (PLOD80%) as 10 gene copy/μL and 2 log10 cells/mL (2 gene copies/μL of extracted DNA), respectively. The application of this triplex qPCR to 52 real raw wastewater samples from 13 wastewater treatment plants demonstrated its potential as a high-throughput and economically viable tool for the long-term monitoring of C. jejuni and C. coli prevalence in communities and the surrounding environments. This study provided an accessible methodology and a solid foundation for WBE-based monitoring of Campylobacter spp. relevant diseases and paved the road for future WBE back-estimation of C. jejuni and C. coli prevalence.
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In-sewer decay and partitioning of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli and implications for their wastewater surveillance. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119737. [PMID: 36801582 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni and coli are two main pathogenic species inducing diarrhoeal diseases in humans, which are responsible for the loss of 33 million lives each year. Current Campylobacter infections are mainly monitored by clinical surveillance which is often limited to individuals seeking treatment, resulting in under-reporting of disease prevalence and untimely indicators of community outbreaks. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been developed and employed for the wastewater surveillance of pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Monitoring the temporal changes of pathogen concentration in wastewater allows the early detection of disease outbreaks in a community. However, studies investigating the WBE back-estimation of Campylobacter spp. are rare. Essential factors including the analytical recovery efficiency, the decay rate, the effect of in-sewer transport, and the correlation between the wastewater concentration and the infections in communities are lacking to support wastewater surveillance. This study carried out experiments to investigate the recovery of Campylobacter jejuni and coli from wastewater and the decay under different simulated sewer reactor conditions. It was found that the recovery of Campylobacter spp. from wastewater varied with their concentrations in wastewater and depended on the detection limit of quantification methods. The concentration reduction of Campylobacter. jejuni and coli in sewers followed a two-phase reduction model, and the faster concentration reduction during the first phase is mainly due to their partitioning onto sewer biofilms. The total decay of Campylobacter. jejuni and coli varied in different types of sewer reactors, i.e. rising main vs. gravity sewer. In addition, the sensitivity analysis for WBE back-estimation of Campylobacter suggested that the first-phase decay rate constant (k1) and the turning time point (t1) are determining factors and their impacts increased with the hydraulic retention time of wastewater.
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Effects of sewer biofilms on the degradability of carbapenems in wastewater using laboratory scale bioreactors. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119796. [PMID: 36863281 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems are last-resort antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections unsuccessfully treated by most common categories of antibiotics in humans. Most of their dosage is secreted unchanged as waste, thereby making its way into the urban water system. There are two major knowledge gaps addressed in this study to gain a better understanding of the effects of their residual concentrations on the environment and environmental microbiome: development of a UHPLC-MS/MS method of detection and quantification from raw domestic wastewater via direct injection and study of their stability in sewer environment during the transportation from domestic sewers to wastewater treatment plants. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for four carbapenems: meropenem, doripenem, biapenem and ertapenem, and validation was performed in the range of 0.5-10 μg/L for all analytes, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values ranging from 0.2-0.5 μg/L and 0.8-1.6 μg/L respectively. Laboratory scale rising main (RM) and gravity sewer (GS) bioreactors were employed to culture mature biofilms with real wastewater as the feed. Batch tests were conducted in RM and GS sewer bioreactors fed with carbapenem-spiked wastewater to evaluate the stability of carbapenems and compared against those in a control reactor (CTL) without sewer biofilms, over a duration of 12 h. Significantly higher degradation was observed for all carbapenems in RM and GS reactors (60 - 80%) as opposed to CTL reactor (5 - 15%), which indicates that sewer biofilms play a significant role in the degradation. First order kinetics model was applied to the concentration data along with Friedman's test and Dunn's multiple comparisons analysis to establish degradation patterns and differences in the degradation observed in sewer reactors. As per Friedman's test, there was a statistically significant difference in the degradation of carbapenems observed depending on the reactor type (p = 0.0017 - 0.0289). The results from Dunn's test indicate that the degradation in the CTL reactor was statistically different from that observed in either RM (p = 0.0033 - 0.1088) or GS (p = 0.0162 - 0.1088), with the latter two showing insignificant difference in the degradation rates observed (p = 0.2850 - 0.5930). The findings contribute to the understanding about the fate of carbapenems in urban wastewater and the potential application of wastewater-based epidemiology.
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Exploration, of magnetic sesquioxide nanocomposite as a potential electrode material for the fabrication of high energy density asymmetric supercapacitors. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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SedimentNet — a 1D-CNN machine learning model for prediction of hydrodynamic forces in rapidly varied flows. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-08176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Transmission across non-HermitianPT-symmetric quantum dots and ladders. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:055301. [PMID: 36395507 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca3ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A non-Hermitian (NH) region connected to semi-infinite Hermitian lattices acts either as a source or as a sink and the probability current is not conserved in a scattering typically. Even aPT-symmetric region that contains both a source and a sink does not lead to current conservation plainly. We propose a model and study the scattering across a NHPT-symmetric two-level quantum dot (QD) connected to two semi-infinite one-dimensional lattices in a special way so that the probability current is conserved. Aharonov-Bohm type phases are included in the model, which arise from magnetic fluxes (ℏϕL/e, ℏϕR/e) through two loops in the system. We show that whenϕL=ϕR, the probability current is conserved. We find that the transmission across the QD can be perfect in thePT-unbroken phase (corresponding to real eigenenergies of the isolated QD) whereas the transmission is never perfect in thePT-broken phase (corresponding to purely imaginary eigenenergies of the QD). The two transmission peaks have the same width only for special values of the fluxes (being odd multiples ofπℏ/2e). In the broken phase, the transmission peak is surprisingly not at zero energy. We give an insight into this feature through a four-site toy model. We extend the model to aPT-symmetric ladder connected to two semi-infinite lattices. We show that the transmission is perfect in unbroken phase of the ladder due to Fabry-Pérot type interference, that can be controlled by tuning the chemical potential. In the broken phase of the ladder, the transmission is substantially suppressed.
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Investigation on silver-water nanofluid for development of new viscosity correlation. B CHEM SOC ETHIOPIA 2022. [DOI: 10.4314/bcse.v37i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT. The present study addresses an experimental investigation on the influence of the concentration of nanoparticles and temperature on nanofluid's viscosity and establishes a numerical correlation for predicting the nanofluid's viscosity. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag) with a size of 20 nm were used to prepare the nanofluid with water as the base fluid. The concentrations of silver nanoparticles were fixed as 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% by volume in the range of temperature from 20 to 60oC. The findings of the current investigations report that the nanofluid's viscosity increases with volume fractions of nanoparticles and decreases as the temperature increases. The theoretical correlations in the literature under predict the viscosity of silver-water nanofluids, which has led to the development of a new relationship for determining the nanofluids' effective viscosity from the experimental findings of this research. The proposed model as outcome of the current investigation confirms a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
KEY WORDS: Silver nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Viscosity, Volume Concentration, Temperature
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 505-514.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.18
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Reaction and Kinetic Studies of Immobilized Enzyme Systems: Part-I Without External Mass Transfer Resistance. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2022. [DOI: 10.20964/2022.09.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Study on the effect of co-substitution of transition metals on O3-type Na-Mn-Ni-O cathode materials for promising sodium-ion batteries. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Optimal sizing method with sensitivity analysis for hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicle using hybrid technique. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-222503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a hybrid method for optimum sizing and energy management (EM) of hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) in Electric vehicle (EV). The proposed hybrid method is combined performance of Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) and recalling-enhanced recurrent neural network (RERNN), commonly called HBA-RERNN method. The major objective of proposed system is reducing the vehicle life time cost. The HESSs are incorporated with battery and super capacitor (SC). The proposed method is utilized to solve combined energy management and optimization size. Based on the variables, such as size of battery pack and super capacitor pack, HESS size is reflected. Depend on various sensitivity factors, the analysis of optimum hybrid energy storage systems size and financial costs are performed. At last, the performance of proposed system is implemented on MATLAB site and likened with several existing systems. From this simulation outcome, it concludes that the proposed system diminishes the overall cost and battery degradation cost as 66625 USD than the existing systems. The efficiency of the proposed system achieves 94.8763% .
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Reaction and Kinetics Studies of Immobilized Enzyme Systems: PartII With External Mass Transfer Resistance. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2022. [DOI: 10.20964/2022.10.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Back-estimation of norovirus infections through wastewater-based epidemiology: A systematic review and parameter sensitivity. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118610. [PMID: 35598472 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The amount of norovirus RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) in raw wastewater, collected from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), can provide an indication of disease prevalence within the sampled catchment. However, an accurate back-estimation might be impeded by the uncertainties from in-sewer/in-sample degradation of viral RNA, variable shedding magnitude, and difficulties in measurement within raw wastewater. The current study reviewed the published literature regarding the factors of norovirus shedding, viral RNA decay in wastewater, and the occurrence of norovirus RNA in raw wastewater based on molecular detection. Sensitivity analysis for WBE back-estimation was conducted using the reported data of the factors mentioned above considering different viral loads in wastewater samples. It was found that the back-estimation is more sensitive to analytical detection uncertainty than shedding variability for norovirus. Although seasonal temperature change can lead to variation of decay rates and may influence the sensitivity of this pathogen-specific parameter, decay rates of norovirus RNA contribute negligibly to the variance in estimating disease prevalence, based on the available data from decay experiments in bulk wastewater under different temperatures. However, the effects of in-sewer transportation on viral RNA decay and retardation by sewer biofilms on pipe surfaces are largely unknown. Given the highest uncertainty from analytical measurement by molecular methods and complexity of in-sewer processes that norovirus experienced during the transportation to WWTP, future investigations are encouraged to improve the accuracy of viral RNA detection in wastewater and delineate viral retardation/interactions with wastewater biofilms in real sewers.
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Unraveling the Complexity of Nano-Dispersoids in the Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloy 617. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-9. [PMID: 35616077 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762200071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline oxides are mainly responsible for Ni-base oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys excellent thermo-mechanical properties. To establish the microstructural correlations between the metallic matrix and various oxide dispersoids, we report here the atomic-scale structure and chemistry of the complex nano-oxide dispersoids. Ultrahigh-resolution Cs-aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) based techniques have been used to resolve nano-dispersoids in the Alloy 617 ODS. These nano-oxides, interestingly, possess a variety of high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) contrasts, that is, bright, dark, and bi-phases. Both the light and heavy atoms have been found to be present in Y–Al–O complex-oxide nanostructures in varying quantities and forming a characteristic interface with the metallic matrix. In overcoming the limitation of conventional STEM-HAADF imaging, the integrated differential phase-contrast imaging technique was employed to investigate the oxygen atoms along with other elements in the dispersoids and its interface with the matrix. The most intriguing aspect of the study is the discovery of a few atoms thick Al2O3 interlayer (shell) around a monoclinic Y–Al–O core in the Ni-matrix. On the other hand, when the dispersoid is a hexagonal type Y–Al–O complex, the interface energy is already low, maintaining a semi-coherent interface and it was devoid of a shell.
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Decay of four enteric pathogens and implications to wastewater-based epidemiology: Effects of temperature and wastewater dilutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152000. [PMID: 34843787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of pathogens in raw wastewater from a population within certain sewer catchments can provide quantitative information on public health status within the sampled urban area. This so-called wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach has the potential of becoming a powerful tool to monitor pathogen circulation and support timely intervention during outbreaks. However, many WBE studies failed to account for the pathogen decay during wastewater transportation in back calculating the disease prevalence. Various sewer process factors, including water temperature and infiltration/inflow, can lead to the variation of pathogen decay rates. This paper firstly reviewed the effects of temperature and types of water, i.e., wastewater, freshwater, and saline water, on the decay of four selected enteric pathogens, i.e., Campylobacter, Salmonella, Norovirus, and Adenovirus. To elucidate the importance of the pathogen decay rates (measured by culture and molecular methods) to WBE, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on the back-calculation equation for infection prevalence with decay rates collected from published literature. It was found that WBE back-calculation is more sensitive to decay rates under the condition of high wastewater temperature (i.e., over 25 °C) or if wastewater is diluted by saline water (i.e., sewer infiltration or use of seawater as an alternative source of freshwater constituting around 1/3 household water demand in some cities). Stormwater dilution of domestic wastewater (i.e., sewer inflow might achieve 10 times volumetric dilution) was shown to play a role in increasing the sensitivity of WBE back-calculation to bacterial pathogens, but not viral pathogens. Hence, WBE back-calculation in real sewers should account for in-sewer decay of specific pathogen species under different wastewater temperatures and dilutions. Overall, this review contributes to a better understanding of pathogen decay in wastewater which can lead to improved accuracy of WBE back-calculation.
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Enhanced decay of coronaviruses in sewers with domestic wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:151919. [PMID: 34826473 PMCID: PMC8610560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks caused by coronaviruses and their supposed potential fecal-oral transmission highlight the need for understanding the survival of infectious coronavirus in domestic sewers. To date, the survivability and decay of coronaviruses were predominately studied using small volumes of wastewater (normally 5-30 mL) in vials (in-vial tests). However, real sewers are more complicated than bulk wastewater (wastewater matrix only), in particular the presence of sewer biofilms and different operational conditions. This study investigated the decay of infectious human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), two typical surrogate coronaviruses, in laboratory-scale reactors mimicking the gravity (GS, gravity-driven sewers) and rising main sewers (RM, pressurized sewers) with and without sewer biofilms. The in-sewer decay of both coronaviruses was greatly enhanced in comparison to those reported in bulk wastewater through in-vial tests. 99% of HCoV-229E and FIPV decayed within 2 h under either GS or RM conditions with biofilms, in contrast to 6-10 h without biofilms. There is limited difference in the decay of HCoV and FIPV in reactors operated as RM or GS, with the T90 and T99 difference of 7-10 min and 14-20 min, respectively. The decay of both coronaviruses in sewer biofilm reactors can be simulated by biphasic first-order kinetic models, with the first-order rate constant 2-4 times higher during the first phase than the second phase. The decay of infectious HCoV and FIPV was significantly faster in the reactors with sewer biofilms than in the reactors without biofilms, suggesting an enhanced decay of these surrogate viruses due to the presence of biofilms and related processes. The mechanism of biofilms in virus adsorption and potential inactivation remains unclear and requires future investigations. The results indicate that the survivability of infectious coronaviruses detected using bulk wastewater overestimated the infectivity risk of coronavirus during wastewater transportations in sewers or the downstream treatment.
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Analytical performance comparison of four SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR primer-probe sets for wastewater samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150572. [PMID: 34582851 PMCID: PMC8464025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Current studies have confirmed the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by RT-qPCR assays in wastewater samples as an effective surveillance tool of COVID-19 prevalence in a community. Analytical performance of various RT-qPCR assays has been compared against wastewater samples based on the positive ratio. However, there is no systematic comparison work has been conducted for both analytical sensitivity and quantitative reliability against wastewater, which are essential factors for WBE. In this study, the detection performance of four RT-qPCR primer-probe sets, including CCDC-N, CDC-N1, N-Sarbeco, and E-Sarbeco, was systematically evaluated with pure synthetized plasmids, spiked wastewater mocks and raw wastewater samples. In addition to confirm RT-qPCR results, Nanopore sequencing was employed to delineate at molecular level for the analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of those primer-probe sets. CCDC-N showed high sensitivity and the broadest linearity range for wastewater samples. It was thus recommended to be the most efficient tool in the quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. CDC-N1 had the highest sensitivity for real wastewater and thus would be suitable for the screening of wastewater for the presence of SARS-CoV-2. When applying the primer-probe sets to wastewater samples collected from different Australian catchments, increased active clinical cases were observed with the augment of SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantified by RT-qPCR in wastewater in low prevalence communities.
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Layered O3-type Na9/10Cr1/2Fe1/2O2 as new cathode for rechargeable sodium-ion battery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Upshot of Concentration of Zirconium (IV) Oxynitrate Hexa Hydrate on Preparation and Analyses of Zirconium Oxide (ZrO₂) Nanoparticles by Modified Co-Precipitation Method. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5707-5713. [PMID: 33980384 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, pure nanocrystalline monoclinic Zirconia (ZrO₂) has been successfully synthesized and optimized by the modified co-precipitation method. The concentration of raw material has been optimized with the fixed amount of precipitation agent (Potassium hydroxide KOH). The thermal history of the precursor has been examined through TG/DTA analysis. All the samples are subjected to study the structure, fingerprints of the molecular vibrations, and morphology analyses. The representative sample has been analyzed through Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray Photo Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The as-prepared sample exhibits the better crystallinity and surface morphology with lesser particle size (190 nm) when the raw material concentration is 0.2 M. The as-prepared ZrO₂ filler (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt.%) is spread through the enhanced polymer electrolyte P(S-MMA) (27 Wt.%)-LiClO₄ (8 wt.%)-EC + PC (1;1 of 65 wt.%) complex system via solution casting method. The as-synthesized electrolyte films are examined via complex impedance analysis. P(S-MMA) (27 wt.%)-LiCIO₄ (8 wt.%)-EC + PC (1 ;1 of 65 wt.%)-6 wt.% of ZrO₂ shows the high ionic conductivity 2.35 × 10-3 Scm-1. Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity studies obey the non-linear behavior. The enhanced ZrO₂ has been expected to enhance the other electrochemical properties of the lithium secondary battery.
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Cobalt substituted layered O3 and P2-type Na-Ti-Ni-Co-O anode materials for emerging sodium-ion batteries. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Data-driven estimation of COVID-19 community prevalence through wastewater-based epidemiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147947. [PMID: 34051491 PMCID: PMC8141262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been regarded as a potential tool for the prevalence estimation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the community. However, the application of the conventional back-estimation approach is currently limited due to the methodological challenges and various uncertainties. This study systematically performed meta-analysis for WBE datasets and investigated the use of data-driven models for the COVID-19 community prevalence in lieu of the conventional WBE back-estimation approach. Three different data-driven models, i.e. multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN), and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were applied to the multi-national WBE dataset. To evaluate the robustness of these models, predictions for sixteen scenarios with partial inputs were compared against the actual prevalence reports from clinical testing. The performance of models was further validated using unseen data (data sets not included for establishing the model) from different stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. Generally, ANN and ANFIS models showed better accuracy and robustness over MLR models. Air and wastewater temperature played a critical role in the prevalence estimation by data-driven models, especially MLR models. With unseen datasets, ANN model reasonably estimated the prevalence of COVID-19 (cumulative cases) at the initial phase and forecasted the upcoming new cases in 2-4 days at the post-peak phase of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study provided essential information about the feasibility and accuracy of data-driven estimation of COVID-19 prevalence through the WBE approach.
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Advanced training in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgical procedures using Genelyn ®-embalmed human cadavers: A novel model. J Minim Access Surg 2021; 17:495-501. [PMID: 33605926 PMCID: PMC8486066 DOI: 10.4103/jmas.jmas_152_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human cadaver is ideal for learning and acquiring new surgical skills. While cadavers preserved using Thiel’s embalming method are commonly used for training in laparoscopic surgery, it is a cumbersome technique. We report our experience of using Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers for training in advanced laparoscopic gastrointestinal procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional satisfaction survey corresponding to level 1 of the Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation was performed among 19 participants of advanced laparoscopy surgical skills training workshop, in December 2019, using Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers. Visual, haptic and tactile characteristics of the organs and tissues were assessed along with overall satisfaction of the workshop using Likert scale. Results: Five Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were used for the workshop. All the 19 participants perceived that the cadavers were odourless and allowed adequate insufflation for laparoscopic procedures. Most of the participants(n=16, 84%) agreed that the appearance and tactile fidelity of the solid organs, luminal structures and tissues in Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were similar to that of a live patient. There was a strong agreement among participants that the workshop will help improve the laparoscopic skills(median Likert score–4). Conclusion: The participants of the surgical skill training workshop felt that the Genelyn®-embalmed cadavers were ideal for use in practicing advanced laparoscopic procedures.
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Climate services' role in safeguarding pastoral disaster communities. REV SCI TECH OIE 2021; 40:431-438. [PMID: 34542104 DOI: 10.20506/rst.40.2.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Climate change due to increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most pressing issues facing society on a global scale. The growth of GHG emissions between 2000 and 2010 was higher than in each of the previous three decades, and each of the past four decades has been successively warmer than any preceding decades since 1850. Continued GHG emissions will cause further warming and changes in the climate system. Climate change affects livestock production in multiple ways, both directly and indirectly. Many of the impacts on the livestock sector result from increasing frequency and magnitude of weather and climate extremes such as droughts, flash floods, untimely rains, frost, hail and severe storms. This article describes some of the most vulnerable disaster communities in Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe and South America. It then describes the importance of meteorological information provided by national Meteorological and Hydrological Services to help Veterinary Services support sustainable management of livestock in vulnerable pastoral communities.
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Aspect-based sentiment analysis of mobile phone reviews using LSTM and fuzzy logic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DATA SCIENCE AND ANALYTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41060-021-00277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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A taxonomy of design factors in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell performance: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 291:112723. [PMID: 33940362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen the rapid development of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) technology in many aspects. The first publication on the combination of constructed wetland (CW) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) appeared in 2012, subsequently, research on the subject has grown exponentially to improve the performance of CW-MFCs in their dual roles of wastewater treatment and power generation. Although significant research has been conducted on this technology worldwide, a comprehensive and critical review of effective controlling parameters is lacking. More broadly, research is needed to draw up-to-date conclusions on recent developments and to identify knowledge gaps for further studies. This review paper systematically enumerates and reviews research studies published in this area to determine the key design factors and their role in CW-MFC performance. Moreover, a taxonomy of all CW-MFC design parameters has been synthesised from the literature. Importantly, this original work provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for future researchers, designers, builders, and users to understand CW-MFC technology. Within the taxonomy, parameters are placed in three main categories (physical/environmental, chemical, and biological/electrochemical) and comprehensive details are given for each parameter. Finally, a comprehensive summary of the parameters has been tabulated showing their impact on CW-MFC operation, design recommendations from literature, and the significant research gaps that this review has identified within the existing literature. It is hoped that this paper will provide a clear and rich picture of this technology at its current stage of development and furthermore, will facilitate a deeper understanding of CW-MFC performance for long-term and large-scale development.
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A Facile One‐Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zn, Mn Co‐Doped NiCo
2
O
4
as an Efficient Electrode for Supercapacitor Applications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Iron substituted layered P2-type Na1/2Ti6/10Ni3/10Fe1/10O2 as innovative anode material for rechargeable sodium batteries. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Enhancing structural stability of layered O3-type Na-Mn-Ni-Cu-O cathode material through copper substitution for sodium batteries. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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CR-GNB in surgical patients: What's the role of colistin? Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Graphene sheet-encased silica/sulfur composite cathode for improved cyclability of lithium-sulfur batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tweaking the electrochemical activity of maricite NaMnPO4 in sodium batteries using different manganese precursors via polyol method. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Evaluation of Intranasal Administration of Dexmedetomidine during Therapeutic Extraction. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1830695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine during therapeutic extraction.Materials and Methods: The study design is a split mouth double blinded randomized control trial. Patients who visited the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for the therapeutic extraction of premolars were assessed for enrollment. Each subject participated in two surgical sessions, with the extraction of premolars of the upper and lower quadrant of the same side during a single session. A week later subjects were asked to report back for the extraction of the upper and lower premolar on the contralateral side. The patients were randomized by a computer generated number into two groups. Group A received intranasal dexmedetomidine (100 mcg/ml) and group B received intranasal saline at the first session. An alternate regimen was used during the second session during which group A received intranasal saline and in group B intranasal dexmedetomidine was administered. A mucosal atomization device was used to deliver the drug. Pain from local anesthesia infiltration was rated on the numerical rating scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Sedation status was measured using the Observer's Assessment of Sedation. Blood pressure and heart rate of the patient were also monitored.Original Research ArticleXavier et al.; JPRI, 32(18): 112-119, 2020; Article no.JPRI.59782113Results: A total of 14 patients were involved in the study. Observer assessment scale indicated that significant sedation was obtained in group A when compared to group B. Compared to group B there was a significant reduction in heart rate and blood pressure in group A at the end of 10 minutes and 40 minutes. These parameters were normalized to the baseline at the end of 60 minutes. There was no significant difference in pain score noted during the local anesthesia infiltration. None of the patients had bradycardia, hypotension, and respiratory depression in this trial.Conclusion: In this study, we conclude that the intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine controls the patient's fear and anxiety during the therapeutic extraction but not the pain during the administration of local anesthesia.
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Changes in the levels of comet parameters before and after fluoxetine therapy in major depression patients. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:194-200. [PMID: 32647087 PMCID: PMC7343562 DOI: 10.5115/acb.19.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression belongs to mood disorders and characterized by worthlessness, no interest or happiness in any activity; lasting for atleast two weeks. Etio-pathological changes of major depression include oxidative stress leading to free radical synthesis which causes damage to carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Nucleic acid damage can be identified by either single or double strand breaks and for quantitative estimation of the same, neutral or alkaline comet assay is performed. Fluoxetine is the drug of choice for treatment of major depression having antioxidant function. In the current study eighty drug naïve major depression patients were recruited and comet parameters namely total comet length, head diameter and tail length were measured before starting the treatment and after completion of eight week fluoxetine therapy. The levels of comet parameters were higher in females than males suggesting higher prevalence of major depression among females. On categorizing into three age groups, the numbers of major depression patients belonging to 18–30 year age group were higher than 31–40 and 41–50 year age groups. All the parameters of deoxyribonucleic acid damage were reduced after eight week of fluoxetine therapy indicating that fluoxetine has anti-oxidant action along with its antidepressant properties, which cause reversal of oxidative stress induced damage occurring during major depression.
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Nonadiabatic charge pumping across two superconductors connected through a normal metal region by periodically driven potentials. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:365304. [PMID: 32375126 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab90a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Periodically driven systems exhibit resonance when the difference between an excited state energy and the ground state energy is an integer multiple ofℏtimes the driving frequency. On the other hand, when a superconducting phase difference is maintained between two superconductors, subgap states appear which carry a Josephson current. A driven Josephson junction therefore opens up an interesting avenue where the excitations due to applied driving affect the current flowing from one superconductor to the other. Motivated by this, we study charge transport in a superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junction where oscillating potentials are applied to the normal metal region. We find that for small amplitudes of the oscillating potential, driving at one site reverses the direction of current at the superconducting phase differences when difference between the subgap eigenenergies of the undriven Hamiltonian is integer multiple ofℏtimes the driving frequency. For larger amplitudes of oscillating potential, driving at one site exhibits richer features. We show that even when the two superconductors are maintained at same superconducting phase, a current can be driven by applying oscillating potentials to two sites in the normal metal differing by a phase. We find that when there is a nonzero Josephson current in the undriven system, the local peaks and valleys in current of the system driven with an amplitude of oscillating potential smaller than the superconducting gap indicates sharp excitations in the system. In the adiabatic limit, we find that charge transferred in one time period diverges as a powerlaw with pumping frequency when a Josephson current flows in the undriven system. Our calculations are exact and can be applied to finite systems. We discuss possible experimental setups where our predictions can be tested.
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Graphene oxide-crowned poly(acrylonitrile)/sulfur as a lithium–sulfur battery cathode: performance and characterization. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Sulfur Nested with Mixture of MnO2/AB Composite as Efficient Host for High-Performance Li–S Batteries. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-1755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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A review of flaps and their uses in reconstructive surgery. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_65_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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40
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Latex agglutination test for rapid on-site serodiagnosis of Japanese encephalitis in pigs using recombinant NS1 antigen. J Vector Borne Dis 2019; 56:105-110. [PMID: 31397385 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.263717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquitoe-borne viral zoonotic disease and globally around three billion people are at the risk of disease. The occurrence of JE cases has shown a rising trend during last decade in India. Pig is the amplifying host for JE virus and serves as a suitable sentinel model for the prediction of disease outbreak in humans. The development of a diagnostic test that is suitable for surveillance of JE in pigs is the need of the hour. The existing tests require elaborate laboratory facilities which make their application in rural settings difficult. Therefore, realizing the need for a rapid test, efforts were made to standardize a latex agglutination test (LAT) for serodiagnosis of JE in pigs. Methods Standardization of LAT by physical adsorption of recombinant NS1 (non-structural) protein of JE virus onto latex beads was done by altering six different variables, namely the antigen concentration, sensitization condition, surface blocking agent, blocking condition, particle concentration and reaction time. The standardized latex-protein complex was used for screening 246 pig serum samples under optimal conditions. Results The test was standardized with a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 82.24 and 87.83%, respectively. Screening of 246 field pig serum samples using standardized LAT showed a seropositivity of 50.4%. The results were available within 5 min after addition of test serum sample to the sensitized beads. Interpretation & conclusion The findings of the study highlight the potential of LAT as a rapid on-site assay for JE diagnosis in pigs which would aid in predicting JE outbreaks in humans.
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Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide capped sulfur/polyacrylonitrile composite cathode by simple heat treatment. J Sulphur Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2019.1582655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Virulent methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in street vended foods. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1116-1126. [PMID: 30956291 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Street foods are one of the important sources of foodborne infections and Staphylococcus aureus is an important infectious agent transmitted through various sources including street foods. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are of public health significance, hence the study was taken to assess the street foods as a source of MRSA, for which 430 street vended foods of animal origin (meat, milk, eggs and their products) and associated environmental samples were processed for isolation and characterization. A total of 52 (12.1%) S. aureus were isolated and resistant was observed to oxacillin (36.5%), cefoxitin (25%) and penicillin G (82.7%) by disc diffusion test. On genotypic screening, mecA and blaZ have detected in 17.3% and 69.2% isolates, respectively. The virulence typing identified nuc, coa, clfA, spA, FnbA and enterotoxin A (sea) genes in 100%, 96.2%, 30.8%, 55.8, 50% and 7.7% isolates, respectively. Genetic diversity among the isolates was observed by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR with a D value of 0.77. The presence of virulent MRSA in street vended foods trigger the public health concern and emphasis to educate the consumers and street food vendors about quality and safety of such foods.
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ICEBERG Metaphor – A Tool for Healthcare Quality Management Systemic Structure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES 2019. [DOI: 10.18843/ijms/v6i1(7)/15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
The development of methods for the synthesis of graphene on a large scale at an affordable cost using less toxic materials has attracted significant interest in recent years.
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Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of PEG-MnO₂-Sulfur Composites Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 18:127-131. [PMID: 29768824 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been achieved great attention in recent years owing to its high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh/g) and energy density (2600 Wh/kg). PEG embedded MnO2/Sulfur composite was prepared via solid state reaction method. The composite was characterized by Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. MnO2 effectively suppress the diffusion of polysulfides and add a mechanical strength to the electrode. PEG binds the MnO2 and S, resulting in the minimization of active material loss and improves the electrochemical performance in lithium sulfur batteries. The PEG/MnO2/Sulfur composite exhibits discharge capacity of 647 mAh/g even after 30 cycles with appreciable sustainability. Therefore, the resulting PEG/MnO2/Sulfur composite exhibited as a desirable cathode material for Li-S battery.
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Carbon Wrapping Effect on Sulfur/Polyacrylonitrile Composite Cathode Materials for Lithium Sulfur Batteries. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 18:121-126. [PMID: 29768823 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A sulfur-Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-acetylene black (AB) composite was synthesized via thermal treatment processes. The as-prepared ternary composite was characterized by expending transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and electrochemical investigations. The improved electrochemical performance can be attributed to the formation of PAN layer, which can keep a tight contact between carbon and sulfur which leads to improve the conductivity. Moreover, the PAN can also act as a flexible cushion to accommodate volume changes of sulfur cathode as well as a barrier to trap soluble polysulfide intermediates during the charge-discharge process. The PAN-S-AB composite exhibits discharge capacity of 620 mAh/g even after 50 cycles with appreciable sustainability. Therefore, the resulting PAN/S/AB composite exhibited as a desirable cathode material for Li-S battery with great performance.
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Structural and Morphological Studies on Li₂Fe 0.5Mn 0.5SiO₄/C Composite Synthesized Using Polyvinyl Alcohol for Energy Storage Devices. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 18:296-300. [PMID: 29768843 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we first focus on effects of PVA surfactant on Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4/C by using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micro Raman analysis, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and magnetization measurements. XRD result reveals the formation of new phase (Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4/C), as a result of embedded carbon, intensity of the peaks was also suppressed. Intensity domination of G-band in micro Raman analysis affirmed that the establishment of graphene formation which was yielded from decomposition of organic materials of both PVA and acetate. Confirmation of Si-O and Si-C bond in the as-prepared material was made by FTIR analyses. A well uniform spherical shaped morphology was observed in both SEM and TEM images. In addition, the TEM picture further demonstrates Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4/C with average particle size of about 20 nm by PVA introducing.
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Effect of Dispersoid on Sulfonium Ionic Liquid Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Secondary Battery. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 18:215-222. [PMID: 29768833 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study emphases on the effect of toting of TiO2 filler on the electrochemical enactment of polymer electrolyte containing PVdF-co-HFP(30) + SEt3TFSI(10) + EC/PC(60) + TiO2(x) wt% (Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene + Triethylsulfoniumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide + Ethylene carbonate/Propylene carbonate (1:1 ratio) + Titanium dioxide) for lithium battery applications. Composite electrolytes with different weight percentages of TiO2 were prepared and characterized by different surface analytical, thermal and electrochemical techniques. With gradual increase of the amount of TiO2 upto 6 wt%, broadening of the prominent peak has been noted, suggesting a decrease in the degree of crystallinity upon the addition of TiO2, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Raman and FT-IR studies confirm the presence of various functional groups, present in the matrix. The electrolyte with TiO2 (6 wt%) has maximum stability of 460 °C, as confirmed by thermal analysis. Conductivity of the composite polymer electrolytes increases upto 6 wt% of TiO2 (3.42 × 10-3 S/cm at 303 K) and further addition, causes a dip down in conductivity, indicating an improvement in the ionic conductivity and thermal stability with the incorporation of TiO2 filler. Surface morphologic images show the presence of surface and cavity in the polymer matrix, filled with the filler uniformly. Voltammetric studies confirm the electrochemical stability of films upto 4.62 V. Coin cell containing Li anode and LiFePO4 cathode along with polymer electrolyte/6 wt% TiO2 filler, delivers a first discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g with the working voltage of 3.4 V.
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Facile Synthesis and Characterization of ZrO₂ Nanoparticles via Modified Co-Precipitation Method. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 18:368-373. [PMID: 29768855 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nano particles were synthesized using optimized content of Zirconium nitrate (Zr(NO3)2·3H2O) with varying KOH concentration (0.5, 1 and 1.5 M) by co-precipitation method. The thermal history of the precursor was carefully analyzed through Thermogravimetric (TG/DTA) measurement. The as prepared samples were characterized to ensure structural, functional, morphological, compositional, chemical composition and band gap by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Laser Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High resolution Transverse Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photo electron spectroscopy (XPS), EDX, Photo luminescence spectroscopy (PL). The monoclinic structure with space group P21/c has been confirmed from XRD (JCPDS 89-9066). The Zr-O stretching vibration and Zr-O2-Zr bending vibrations were confirmed through FTIR analysis. The well dispersed particles with spherical morphology were confirmed through SEM and TEM analysis. The oxidation states of Zr, O and C were confirmed through XPS analysis. The oxygen vacancies and band gap of the particles were investigated through PL analysis.
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Evaluation on Effectiveness of Cold-Formed Steel Column with Various Types of Edge Stiffener. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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