1
|
Choi CH, Lee M, Lee SE, Kim JW, Shin H, Choi MM, Yi H, Kim MK, Jeon J, Park JS, Kim Y, Lim SY, Chin B, Chung YS. Genomic Analysis of Monkeypox Virus During the 2023 Epidemic in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e165. [PMID: 38742294 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the genomes of monkeypox virus isolates from the Far East, providing insights into viral transmission and evolution. Genomic analysis was conducted on 8 isolates obtained from patients with monkeypox virus disease in the Republic of Korea between May 2022 and early 2023. These isolates were classified into Clade IIb. Distinct lineages, including B.1.1, A.2.1, and B.1.3, were observed in 2022 and 2023 isolates, with only the B.1.3 lineage detected in six isolates of 2023. These genetic features were specific to Far East isolates (the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan), distinguishing them from the diverse lineages found in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Oceania. In early 2023, the prevalence of the B.1.3 lineage of monkeypox virus identified in six patients with no overseas travel history is considered as an indicator of the potential initiation of local transmission in the Republic of Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hwan Choi
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hwachul Shin
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hwajung Yi
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Jeon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun-Sun Park
- Public Health Research Institute, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yun Lim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - BumSik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee M, Choi CH, Kim JW, Sim G, Lee SE, Shin H, Lee JH, Choi MM, Yi H, Chung YS. Prolonged viral shedding in an immunocompromised Korean patient infected with hMPXV, sub-lineage B.1.3, with acquired drug resistant mutations during tecovirimat treatment. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29536. [PMID: 38488495 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Following the worldwide surge in mpox (monkeypox) in 2022, cases have persisted in Asia, including South Korea, and sexual contact is presumed as the predominant mode of transmission, with a discernible surge in prevalence among immunocompromised patients. Drugs such as tecovirimat can result in drug-resistant mutations, presenting obstacles to treatment. This study aimed to ascertain the presence of tecovirimat-related resistant mutations through genomic analysis of the monkeypox virus isolated from a reported case involving prolonged viral shedding in South Korea. Here, tecovirimat-resistant mutations, previously identified in the B.1 clade, were observed in the B.1.3 clade, predominant in South Korea. These mutations exhibited diverse patterns across different samples from the same patient and reflected the varied distribution of viral subpopulations in different anatomical regions. The A290V and A288P mutant strains we isolated hold promise for elucidating these mechanisms, enabling a comprehensive analysis of viral pathogenesis, replication strategies, and host interactions. Our findings imply that acquired drug-resistant mutations, may present a challenge to individual patient treatment. Moreover, they have the potential to give rise to transmitted drug-resistant mutations, thereby imposing a burden on the public health system. Consequently, the meticulous genomic surveillance among immunocompromised patients, conducted in this research, assumes paramount importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Chi-Hwan Choi
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gyuri Sim
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hwachul Shin
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Lee
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hwajung Yi
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JW, Lee M, Shin H, Choi CH, Choi MM, Kim JW, Yi H, Yoo CK, Rhie GE. Isolation and identification of monkeypox virus MPXV-ROK-P1-2022 from the first case in the Republic of Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022; 13:308-311. [PMID: 36097753 PMCID: PMC9468686 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Monkeypox outbreaks in nonendemic countries have been reported since early May 2022. The first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea was confirmed in a patient who traveled to Europe in June 2022, and an attempt was made to isolate and identify the monkeypox virus (MPXV) from the patient’s specimens.Methods: Clinical specimens from the patient were inoculated in Vero E6 cells. The isolated virus was identified as MPXV by the observation of cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells, transmission electron microscopy, conventional polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and sequencing of PCR products.Results: Cytopathic effects were observed in Vero E6 cells that were inoculated with skin lesion swab eluates. After multiple passages from the primary culture, orthopoxvirus morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, both MPXV-specific (F3L and ATI) and orthopoxvirus-specific genes (A39R, B2R, and HA) were confirmed by conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing.Conclusion: These results indicate the successful isolation and identification of MPXV from the first patient in the Republic of Korea. The isolated virus was named MPXV-ROK-P1-2022.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
A rapid outbreak of monkeypox is ongoing in non-endemic countries since May 2022. We report the first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea. This occurred in a 34-year-old male patient who traveled to Europe in June 2022. On the day of his return to the Republic of Korea (June 21, 2022), the patient presented with a genital lesion. The results of the monkeypox real-time polymerase chain reaction tests were positive in the penile ulcer, oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens. The patient subsequently developed fever and skin rash after hospital admission. Careful history taking along physical examination should be conducted in the patients who have epidemiologic risk factors for monkeypox. Moreover, appropriate specimens should be obtained from lesions and tested for the monkeypox virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Rock Jang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Infection Control Office, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Designated Isolation Unit, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hwachul Shin
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kim
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Mi Kim
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Min Ji Lee
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Infection Control Office, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Na
- Designated Isolation Unit, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Infection Control Office, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
- Designated Isolation Unit, Incheon Medical Center, Incheon, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park DB, Ahn BE, Son H, Lee YR, Kim YR, Jo SK, Chun JH, Yu JY, Choi MM, Rhie GE. Construction of a bivalent vaccine against anthrax and smallpox using the attenuated vaccinia virus KVAC103. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:76. [PMID: 33685392 PMCID: PMC7938549 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anthrax and smallpox are high-risk infectious diseases, and considered as potential agents for bioterrorism. To develop an effective countermeasure for these diseases, we constructed a bivalent vaccine against both anthrax and smallpox by integrating a gene encoding protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis to the genome of the attenuated vaccinia virus strain, KVAC103. Results Immunization with this bivalent vaccine induced antibodies against both PA and vaccinia virus in a mouse model. We also observed that the efficacy of this vaccine can be enhanced by combined immunization with immunoadjuvant-expressing KVAC103. Mouse groups co-immunized with PA-expressing KVAC103 and either interleukin-15 (IL-15) or cholera toxin subunit A (CTA1)-expressing KVAC103 showed increased anti-PA IgG titer and survival rate against B. anthracis spore challenge compared to the group immunized with PA-expressing KVAC103 alone. Conclusions We demonstrated that the attenuated smallpox vaccine KVAC103 is an available platform for a multivalent vaccine and co-immunization of immunoadjuvants can improve vaccine performance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02121-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deok Bum Park
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea.,Present address: Forensic DNA Division, Gwangju Institute, National Forensic Service, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - Bo-Eun Ahn
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hosun Son
- Division of Vaccine Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lee
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea.,Present address: Convergence Bioceramic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Kim
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Jo
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Chun
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yon Yu
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim IH, Jang JH, Jo SK, No JS, Seo SH, Kim JY, Jung SO, Kim JM, Lee SE, Park HK, Kim EJ, Jeon JH, Choi MM, Ryu B, Jang YS, Kim H, Lee J, Shin SH, Kim HK, Kim EK, Park YE, Yoo CK, Lee SW, Han MG, Rhie GE, Kang BH. 2019 Tabletop Exercise for Laboratory Diagnosis and Analyses of Unknown Disease Outbreaks by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020; 11:280-285. [PMID: 33117632 PMCID: PMC7577389 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has published "A Guideline for Unknown Disease Outbreaks (UDO)." The aim of this report was to introduce tabletop exercises (TTX) to prepare for UDO in the future. Methods The UDO Laboratory Analyses Task Force in Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in April 2018, assigned unknown diseases into 5 syndromes, designed an algorithm for diagnosis, and made a panel list for diagnosis by exclusion. Using the guidelines and laboratory analyses for UDO, TTX were introduced. Results Since September 9th, 2018, the UDO Laboratory Analyses Task Force has been preparing TTX based on a scenario of an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus. In December 2019, through TTX, individual missions, epidemiological investigations, sample treatments, diagnosis by exclusions, and next generation sequencing analysis were discussed, and a novel coronavirus was identified as the causal pathogen. Conclusion Guideline and laboratory analyses for UDO successfully applied in TTX. Conclusions drawn from TTX could be applied effectively in the analyses for the initial response to COVID-19, an ongoing epidemic of 2019 - 2020. Therefore, TTX should continuously be conducted for the response and preparation against UDO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hwan Kim
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong Jang
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Su-Kyoung Jo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Seo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Oun Jung
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Park
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Kim
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jeon
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Boyeong Ryu
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yoon Suk Jang
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hwami Kim
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Shin
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kim
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Center for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Cheon-Kwon Yoo
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Guk Han
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byung Hak Kang
- Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shin YW, Park DB, Choi MM, Chun JH, Seong BL, Rhie GE. Construction of Luminescence- and Fluorescence-Tagged Burkholderia pseudomallei for Pathogen Tracking in a Mouse Model. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 28:498-502. [PMID: 29212292 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1710.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is a powerful method for tracking various infectious disease-causing pathogens in host organisms. Currently, a dual molecular imaging method that can provide temporal and spatial information on infected hosts at the organism, organ, tissue, and cellular levels simultaneously has not been reported for Burkholderia pseudomallei, a high-risk pathogen that causes melioidosis. In this study, we have established an experimental method that provides spatiotemporal information on infected hosts using luminescent and fluorescent dual-labeled B. pseudomallei. Using this method, we visualized B. pseudomallei infection at the organism, organ, and tissue levels in a BALB/c mouse model by detecting its luminescence and fluorescence. The infection of B. pseudomallei at the cellular level was also visualized by its emitted fluorescence in infected macrophage cells. This method could be an extremely useful and applicable tool to study the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei-related infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Woo Shin
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Bum Park
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Chun
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik-Lin Seong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Eun Rhie
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Center for Laboratory Control of Infectious Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim YJ, Kim JH, Lee KJ, Choi MM, Kim YH, Rhie GE, Yoo CK, Cha K, Shin NR. Botulinum neurotoxin type A induces TLR2-mediated inflammatory responses in macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120840. [PMID: 25853816 PMCID: PMC4390353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is the most potent protein toxin and causes fatal flaccid muscle paralysis by blocking neurotransmission. Application of BoNT/A has been extended to the fields of therapeutics and biodefense. Nevertheless, the global response of host immune cells to authentic BoNT/A has not been reported. Employing microarray analysis, we performed global transcriptional profiling of RAW264.7 cells, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. We identified 70 genes that were modulated following 1 nM BoNT/A treatment. The altered genes were mainly involved in signal transduction, immunity and defense, protein metabolism and modification, neuronal activities, intracellular protein trafficking, and muscle contraction. Microarray data were validated with real-time RT-PCR for seven selected genes including tlr2, tnf, inos, ccl4, slpi, stx11, and irg1. Proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were induced in a dose-dependent manner in BoNT/A-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Increased expression of these factors was inhibited by monoclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and inhibitors specific to intracellular proteins such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). BoNT/A also suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced NO and TNFα production from RAW264.7 macrophages at the transcription level by blocking activation of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK. As confirmed by TLR2-/- knock out experiments, these results suggest that BoNT/A induces global gene expression changes in host immune cells and that host responses to BoNT/A proceed through a TLR2-dependent pathway, which is modulated by JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jeong Kim
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hee Kim
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kwang-Jun Lee
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Kim
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gi-eun Rhie
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Cheon-Kwon Yoo
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kiweon Cha
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Na-Ri Shin
- Division of High-risk Pathogen Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim G, Ahn J, Ha K, Lee CH, Woo JM, Lee JK, Jeon HJ, Kwak YS, Kweon YS, Keum R, Park JI, Lee HY, Yim HW, Jo MY, Han KC, Bae JY, Bae J, Lee SY, Lee YS, Cho IH, Choi MM, Hyun MH. National Evidence-based Collaborating Agency (NECA) Round-table Conference Consensus Statement: multidisciplinary responses to suicide, the first ranked cause of death in adolescents. J Korean Med Assoc 2013. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2013.56.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kim
- Office of Research Planning, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Ahn
- Office of Health Services Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Office of Planning & Evaluation, Korea Youth Counseling & Welfare Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Lee
- Division of Mental Health Policy, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sook Kwak
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yong-Sil Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ran Keum
- Goyang Community Mental Health Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Office of Students and Parents Research, Korean Educational Development Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung-Youn Jo
- Students Health Management Division, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee-Chae Han
- Central Church of Korea Evangelical Holiness Church, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yee Bae
- Department of Nursing, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Joomi Bae
- Office of Counseling & Welfare, Korea Youth Counseling & Welfare Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Office of Counseling & Welfare, Korea Youth Counseling & Welfare Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Hee Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Hospital, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Ho Hyun
- Department of Psychology, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yee Bae
- Department of Nursing, Inje University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Korea Youth Counseling and Welfare Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In-Hee Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Hospital, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi MM, Beak JH, Lee JN, Park S, Lee WS. Clinical features of abdominopelvic actinomycosis: report of twenty cases and literature review. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:555-9. [PMID: 19718405 PMCID: PMC2730619 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.4.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intrabdominal actinomycosis is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. This chronic infection has a propensity to mimic many other diseases and may present with a wide variety of symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristic clinical features with review of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients with intrabdominal actinomycosis between January 2000 and January 2006. RESULTS There were two men and 20 women with a mean age of 42.8 years (range, 24-69). Twelve patients presented with masses or abdominal pain, whereas 3 patients presented with acute appendicitis. The rate of performing an emergency surgery was 50% due to symptoms of peritonitis. The mean size of tumor was 5.5 cm (range, 2.5-11.0). Sixty percent (n = 12) of female patients had intrauterine device (IUD). The average time to definite diagnosis was 10.6 days. CONCLUSION Intrabdominal abdominal actinomycosis must first be suspected in any women with a history of current or recent IUD use who presents abdominal pain. If recognized preoperatively, a limited surgical procedure, may spare the patient from an extensive operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Heum Beak
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Nam Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sanghui Park
- Department of Pathology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hwang EY, Huh JW, Choi MM, Choi SY, Hong HN, Cho SW. Inhibitory effects of gallic acid and quercetin on UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3793-7. [PMID: 18930055 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have examined polyphenols as potential inhibitors of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) activity. Gallic acid and quercetin decreased specific activities of UGDH and inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Western blot analysis showed that gallic acid and quercetin did not affect UGDH protein expression, suggesting that UGDH activity is inhibited by polyphenols at the post-translational level. Kinetics studies using human UGDH revealed that gallic acid was a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to UDP-glucose and NAD+. In contrast, quercetin showed a competitive inhibition and a mixed-type inhibition with respect to UDP-glucose and NAD+, respectively. These results indicate that gallic acid and quercetin are effective inhibitors of UGDH that exert strong antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choi MM, Kim EA, Choi SY, Kim TU, Cho SW, Yang SJ. Inhibitory properties of nerve-specific human glutamate dehydrogenase isozyme by chloroquine. BMB Rep 2008; 40:1077-82. [PMID: 18047806 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.6.1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glutamate dehydrogenase exists in hGDH1 (housekeeping isozyme) and in hGDH2 (nerve-specific isozyme), which differ markedly in their allosteric regulation. In the nervous system, GDH is enriched in astrocytes and is important for recycling glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter during neurotransmission. Chloroquine has been known to be a potent inhibitor of house-keeping GDH1 in permeabilized liver and kidney-cortex of rabbit. However, the effects of chloroquine on nerve-specific GDH2 have not been reported yet. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of chloroquine on hGDH2 at various conditions and showed that chloroquine could inhibit the activity of hGDH2 at dose-dependent manner. Studies of the chloroquine inhibition on enzyme activity revealed that hGDH2 was relatively less sensitive to chloroquine inhibition than house-keeping hGDH1. Incubation of hGDH2 was uncompetitive with respect of NADH and non-competitive with respect of 2-oxoglutarate. The inhibitory effect of chloroquine on hGDH2 was abolished, although in part, by the presence of ADP and L-leucine, whereas GTP did not change the sensitivity to chloroquine inhibition. Our results show a possibility that chloroquine may be used in regulating GDH activity and subsequently glutamate concentration in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 320-718, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huh JW, Yang SJ, Hwang EY, Choi MM, Lee HJ, Kim EA, Choi SY, Choi J, Hong HN, Cho SW. Alteration of the quaternary structure of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase by a double mutation. BMB Rep 2008; 40:690-6. [PMID: 17927902 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.5.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting views for the polymerization process of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) and no clear evidence has been reported yet. Based on crystal coordinates for Streptococcus pyogenes UGDH, we made double mutant A222Q/S233G. The double mutagenesis had no effects on expression, stability, and secondary structure. Interestingly, A222Q/S233G was a dimeric form and showed an UGDH activity, although it showed increased Km values for substrates. These results suggest that Ala222 and Ser233 play an important role in maintaining the hexameric structure and the reduced binding affinities for substrates are attributable to its altered subunit communication although quaternary structure may not be critical for catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Choi MM, Kim EA, Hahn HG, Nam KD, Yang SJ, Choi SY, Kim TU, Cho SW, Huh JW. Protective effect of benzothiazole derivative KHG21834 on amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and cortical and mesencephalic neurons. Toxicology 2007; 239:156-66. [PMID: 17714846 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/01/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of KHG21834, a benzothiazole derivative, on the amyloid beta protein (Abeta)-induced cell death in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and rat cortical and mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures. KHG21834 attenuated the Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptotic death in PC12 cells determined by characteristic morphological alterations and positive in situ terminal end-labeling (TUNEL). In the cortical neuron-glia cultures, KHG21834 reduced the Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis determined by TUNEL staining. Immunocytochemical analysis and Western blot analysis of Abeta(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures with anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) antibody showed that Abeta(25-35) decreased the expression of TH protein by 60% and KHG21834 significantly attenuated the Abeta(25-35)-induced reduction in the expression of TH. Moreover, KHG21834 attenuates Abeta(25-35)-induced toxicity concomitant with the reduction of activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 to a lesser extent. ERK1 was more sensitively affected than ERK2 in attenuation of Abeta(25-35)-induced phosphorylation by KHG21834. These results demonstrated that KHG21834 was capable of protecting neuronal cells from Abeta(25-35)-induced degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi MM, Kim EA, Yang SJ, Choi SY, Cho SW, Huh JW. Amino Acid Changes within Antenna Helix Are Responsible for Different Regulatory Preferences of Human Glutamate Dehydrogenase Isozymes. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:19510-7. [PMID: 17507377 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703018200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human glutamate dehydrogenase (hGDH) exists in hGDH1 (housekeeping isozyme) and in hGDH2 (nerve-specific isozyme), which differ markedly in their allosteric regulation. Because they differ in only 16 of their 505 amino acids, the regulatory preferences must arise from amino acid residues that are not common between hGDH1 and hGDH2. To our knowledge none of the mutagenesis studies on the hGDH isozymes to date have identified the amino acid residues fully responsible for the different regulatory preferences between hGDH1 and hGDH2. In this study we constructed hGDH1(hGDH2(390-448))hGDH1 (amino acid segment 390-448 of hGDH1 replaced by the corresponding hGDH2 segment) and hGDH2(hGDH1(390-448))hGDH2 (amino acid segment 390-448 of hGDH2 replaced by the corresponding hGDH1 segment) by swapping the corresponding amino acid segments in hGDH1 and hGDH2. The chimeric enzymes by reciprocal swapping resulted in double mutations in amino acid sequences at 415 and 443 residues that are not common between hGDH1 and hGDH2 and are located in the C-terminal 48-residue "antenna" helix, which is thought to be part of the regulatory domain of mammalian GDHs. Functional analyses revealed that the doubly mutated chimeric enzymes almost completely acquired most of the different regulatory preferences between hGDH1 and hGDH2 for electrophoretic mobility, heat-stability, ADP activation, palmitoyl-CoA inhibition, and l-leucine activation, except for GTP inhibition. Our results indicate that substitutions of the residues in the antenna region may be important evolutionary changes that led to the adaptation of hGDH2 to the unique metabolic needs of the nerve tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huh JW, Choi MM, Yang SJ, Yoon SY, Choi SY, Cho SW. Inhibition of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase expression using siRNA expression vector in breast cancer cells. Biotechnol Lett 2005; 27:1229-32. [PMID: 16158268 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-005-0022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes two oxidations of UDP-glucose to yield UDP-glucuronic acid. Pathological over-production of extracellular matrix components may be linked to the availability of UDP-glucuronic acid, therefore UGDH is a potential therapeutic target. RNA interference (RNAi) has been adapted to knock down the expression of human UGDH. A UGDH siRNA plasmid was constructed using a pRNA-U6.1/Neo vector and transfected into breast cancer cells, ZR-75-1, with an efficiency of up to 50%. Western blot analysis showed that the UGDH expression was efficiently knocked down at protein levels by RNAi in ZR-75-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, 138-736, Seoul, Songpa-gu, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee KH, Huh JW, Choi MM, Yoon SY, Yang SJ, Hong HN, Cho SW. Regulation of glutamate level in rat brain through activation of glutamate dehydrogenase by Corydalis ternata. Exp Mol Med 2005; 37:371-7. [PMID: 16155414 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2005.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When treated with protopine and alkalized extracts of the tuber of Corydalis ternata for one year, significant decrease in glutamate level and increase in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity was observed in rat brains. The expression of GDH between the two groups remained unchanged as determined by Western and Northern blot analysis, suggesting a post-translational regulation of GDH activity in alkalized extracts treated rat brains. The stimulatory effects of alkalized extracts and protopine on the GDH activity was further examined in vitro with two types of human GDH isozymes, hGDH1 (house-keeping GDH) and hGDH2 (nerve-specific GDH). Alkalized extracts and protopine activated the human GDH isozymes up to 4.8-fold. hGDH2 (nerve- specific GDH) was more sensitively affected by 1 mM ADP than hGDH1 (house-keeping GDH) on the activation by alkalized extracts. Studies with cassette mutagenesis at ADP-binding site showed that hGDH2 was more sensitively regulated by ADP than hGDH1 on the activation by Corydalis ternata. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to Corydalis ternata may be one of the ways to regulate glutamate concentration in brain through the activation of GDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Ho Lee
- Pulmonary Division of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University School of Medicine, Daegu 707-717, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huh JW, Choi MM, Lee JH, Yang SJ, Kim MJ, Choi J, Lee KH, Lee JE, Cho SW. Activation of monoamine oxidase isotypes by prolonged intake of aluminum in rat brain. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:2088-91. [PMID: 16087240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rats were fed 100 microM aluminum maltolate for one year in their drinking water. Brain aluminum contents have increased 4.2-fold in the aluminum-treated group, whereas no significant changes in the body weight, brain weight, and brain protein content were observed. Long-term aluminum feeding induced apoptosis as assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method and showed activatory effects on the catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of monoamine oxidase-A and monoamine oxidase-B up to 1.9- and 3.8-fold, respectively. The expression level of monoamine oxidase isotypes on the Western blot remained unchanged between the two groups, suggesting a change in post-translational regulation of the activities of monoamine oxidase isotypes by long-term aluminum feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Choi MM, Huh JW, Yang SJ, Cho EH, Choi SY, Cho SW. Identification of ADP-ribosylation site in human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4125-30. [PMID: 16023112 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 06/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
When the influence of ADP-ribosylation on the activities of the purified human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes (hGDH1 and hGDH2) was measured in the presence of 100 microM NAD+ for 60 min, hGDH isozymes were inhibited by up to 75%. If incubations were performed for longer time periods up to 3 h, the inhibition of hGDH isozymes did not increased further. This phenomenon may be related to the reversibility of ADP-ribosylation in mitochondria. ADP-ribosylated hDGH isozymes were reactivated by Mg2+-dependent mitochondrial ADP-ribosylcysteine hydrolase. The stoichiometry between incorporated ADP-ribose and GDH subunits shows a modification of one subunit per catalytically active homohexamer. Since ADP and GTP had no effects on the extent of modification, it would appear that the ADP-ribosylation is unlikely to occur in allosteric sites. It has been proposed that Cys residue may be involved in the ADP-ribosylation of GDH, although identification of the reactive Cys residue has not been reported. To identify the reactive Cys residue involved in the ADP-ribosylation, we performed cassette mutagenesis at three different positions (Cys59, Cys119, and Cys274) using synthetic genes of hGDH isozymes. Among the Cys residues tested, only Cys119 mutants showed a significant reduction in the ADP-ribosylation. These results suggest a possibility that the Cys119 residue has an important role in the regulation of hGDH isozymes by ADP-ribosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Min Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-2dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huh JW, Lee HJ, Choi MM, Yang SJ, Yoon SY, Kim DW, Kim SY, Choi SY, Cho SW. Identification of a UDP-glucose-binding site of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase by photoaffinity labeling and cassette mutagenesis. Bioconjug Chem 2005; 16:710-6. [PMID: 15898741 DOI: 10.1021/bc0500387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a UDP-glucose-binding site within human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (hUGDH) by photoaffinity labeling with a specific probe, [(32)P]5N(3)UDP-glucose, and cassette mutagenesis using a synthetic hUGDH gene. Photolabel-containing peptides were generated by photolysis followed by tryptic digestion and isolated using the phosphopeptide isolation kit. Photolabeling of these peptides was effectively prevented by the presence of UDP-glucose during photolysis, demonstrating a selectivity of the photoprobe for the UDP-glucose-binding site. Amino acid sequencing and compositional analysis identified the UDP-glucose-binding site of hUGDH as the region containing the sequence, ASVGFGGSXFQK, corresponding to A268-K279 of the amino acid sequence of hUGDH. The unidentified residue, X, can be designated as a photolabeled C276 because the sequences including the cysteine residue in question have a complete identity with those of other UGDH species known. The importance of the C276 residue in the binding of UDP-glucose was further examined with mutant proteins at the C276 site. The mutagenesis at C276 has no effect on the expression of the mutants (C276G, C276K, C276E, C276L, and C276Y). Enzyme activities of the C276 mutants were not measurable under normal assay conditions, suggesting an important role for the C276 residue. No incorporation of [(32)P]5N(3)UDP-glucose was also observed for the mutants. These results indicate that C276 plays an important role for efficient binding of UDP-glucose to hUGDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wan Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang SJ, Cho EH, Choi MM, Lee HJ, Huh JW, Choi SY, Cho SW. Critical role of the cysteine 323 residue in the catalytic activity of human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes. Mol Cells 2005; 19:97-103. [PMID: 15750346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of residue C323 in catalysis by human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes (hGDH1 and hGDH2) was examined by substituting Arg, Gly, Leu, Met, or Tyr at C323 by cassette mutagenesis using synthetic human GDH isozyme genes. As a result, the Km of the enzyme for NADH and alpha-ketoglutarate increased up to 1.6-fold and 1.1-fold, respectively. It seems likely that C323 is not responsible for substrate-binding or coenzyme-binding. The efficiency (kcat/Km) of the mutant enzymes was only 11-14% of that of the wild-type isozymes, mainly due to a decrease in kcat values. There was a linear relationship between incorporation of [14C]p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and loss of enzyme activity that extrapolated to a stoichiometry of one mol of [14C] incorporated per mol of monomer for wild type hGDHs. No incorporation of [14C]p-chloromer-curibenzoic acid was observed with the C323 mutants. ADP and GTP had no effect on the binding of p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, suggesting that C323 is not directly involved in allosteric regulation. There were no differences between the two hGDH isozymes in sensitivities to mutagenesis at C323. Our results suggest that C323 plays an important role in catalysis by human GDH isozymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ju Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoon HY, Cho EH, Yang SJ, Lee HJ, Huh JW, Choi MM, Cho SW. Reactive amino acid residues involved in glutamate-binding of human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes. Biochimie 2005; 86:261-7. [PMID: 15194228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Revised: 04/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the cassette mutagenesis at several putative positions (K94, G96, K118, K130, or D172) was performed to examine the residues involved in the glutamate-binding of the human glutamate dehydrogenase isozymes (hGDH1 and hGDH2). None of the mutations tested affected the expression or stability of the proteins. There was dramatic reduction in the catalytic efficiency in mutant proteins at K94, G96, K118, or K130 site, but not at D172 site. The K(M) values for glutamate were 4-10-fold greater for the mutants at K94, G96, or K118 site than for the wild-type hGDH1 and hGDH2, whereas no differences in the K(M) values for NAD(+) were detected between the mutant and wild-type enzymes. For K130Y mutant, the K(M) value for glutamate increased 1.6-fold, whereas the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(M)) showed only 2-3% of the wild-type. Therefore, the decreased catalytic efficiency of the K130 mutant mainly results from the reduced k(cat) value, suggesting a possibility that the K130Y residue may be involved in the catalysis rather than in the glutamate-binding. The D172Y mutant did not show any changes in k(cat) value and K(M) values for glutamate and NAD(+), indicating that D172Y is not directly involved in catalysis and substrates binding of the hGDH isozymes. For sensitivity to ADP activation, only the D172Y mutant showed a reduced sensitivity to ADP activation. The reduction of ADP activation in D172Y mutant was more profoundly observed in hGDH2 than in hGDH1. There were no differences in their sensitivities to GTP inhibition between the wild-type and mutant GDHs at all positions tested. Our results suggest that K94, G96, and K118 residues play an important role, although at different degrees, in the binding of glutamate to hGDH isozymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee SH, Kim JY, Shin SH, Lee SK, Choi MM, Lee IY, Kim YB, Cho JY, Jin W, Lee KJ. Restriction fragment length dimorphism-PCR method for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases unrelated to TEM- and SHV-types. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 200:157-61. [PMID: 11425468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10708.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic ability of the restriction fragment length dimorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLD-PCR) method was evaluated. Seven primer pairs, newly designed from 44 beta-lactamase genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases not related to TEM- and SHV-types, were used to differentiate OXA-2, FOX-3, CMY-3, IMP-1, and IMI-1 beta-lactamases. The RFLD-PCR was carried out successfully, and these genes were differentiated by the sizes of their PCR products and by the difference in restriction fragment length when each amplicon was digested with a unique restriction enzyme. This discriminatory detection of the genes was confirmed by sequencing the PCR products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Youngdong University, Chungbuk, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shuang S, Choi MM. Retention behaviour and fluorimetric detection of procaine hydrochloride using carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as an additive in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 919:321-9. [PMID: 11442038 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The retention behaviour of procaine hydrochloride on an Alltima octadecyl silica (C18) column, with a mobile phase containing negatively charged carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CM-beta-CD), influenced by a combination of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions was systematically investigated. Various factors affecting the retention of procaine on the C18 column such as the concentration of CM-beta-CD, pH and the methanol percentage in the mobile phase, were studied. An equation was applied to estimate the apparent binding constant of the CM-beta-CD-procaine inclusion complex as an aid for understanding the retention mechanism. The first analytical application of CM-beta-CD as a mobile phase additive for the determination of procaine was developed. The calibration curve was linear in the range 22-1360 ng ml(-1) with an RSD of 2.1%. The detection limit based on 3sigma was 1 ng ml(-1) with fluorimetric detection at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 305 nm and 350 nm, respectively. The limit of quantitation based on 10sigma was 22 ng ml(-1). The proposed method has been successfully applied to real sample analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shuang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, SAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chan WH, Shuang S, Choi MM. Determination of airborne formaldehyde by active sampling on 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride-coated glass fibre filters. Analyst 2001; 126:720-3. [PMID: 11394322 DOI: 10.1039/b100752l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formaldehyde was sampled with the use of a standard miniature glass fibre filter coated with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH). The formaldehyde hydrazone formed [i.e., the adduct of formaldehyde (HCHO) and MBTH] was desorbed from the filter with water and then oxidised by an iron(III) chloride-sulfamic acid solution to form a blue cationic dye in acidic medium which was subsequently determined by visible absorption at 628 nm. The recovery of HCHO as the cationic dye from MBTH-coated filters is 87-102% in the range 0.065-2.9 micrograms of HCHO. This corresponds to 4.3-193.3 micrograms m-3 in a 15 L air sample. The collection efficiency of the MBTH-coated filter is higher than 90%. When the filter sampling system is used in active mode, air can be sampled at a rate of up to 1 L min-1, affording an overall sensitivity of about 3 micrograms m-3, corresponding to about 2 ppb v/v HCHO at 1 atm and 273 K. The method was successfully applied to the determination of HCHO in samples of indoor and outdoor air with satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Choi MM, Hsu MY, Wong SL. Determination of cyclamate in low-calorie foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with indirect visible photometry. Analyst 2000; 125:217-20. [PMID: 10885077 DOI: 10.1039/a906852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with indirect visible photometry at 433 nm was developed to determine cyclamate in some food samples. Cyclamate was not detected in these chosen samples as its use is banned in Hong Kong. Cyclamate can easily be detected in spiked samples using a mobile phase consisting of 30 mumol dm-3 Methyl Red and 0.02 mol dm-3 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)-methanol in a volume ratio of 3:2. The column temperature was set at 23 degrees C. The detection limit was 0.14 mmol dm-3 and the relative standard deviation of the peak area response was 0.58% for a solution containing 5.0 mmol dm-3 of cyclamate (n = 8). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of eight spiked food samples and the cyclamate recoveries for these samples ranged from 93 to 99%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, SAR, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|