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Bertassoli BM, Melo MM, Ocarino NM, Souza Félix IC, Araújo FR, Sena Reis AM, Leonel Alves EG, Gimeno EJ, Massone AR, Serakides R. Effect of the addition of different concentrations of Solanum glaucophyllum desf. extract on chondrocyte cultures from the growth cartilage of newborn rats. Toxicon 2023; 230:107158. [PMID: 37172829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. Is a calcinogenic plant responsible for enzootic calcinosis that affects ruminants and causes alterations in bone and cartilaginous tissues, among others. It is believed that changes in cartilage tissue, with reduced bone growth, are due to hypercalcitoninism, caused by excess vitamin D. However, we hypothesized that S. glaucophyllum Desf. Can act directly on chondrocytes and therefore, chondrocyte cultures from the epiphysis of the long bones of newborn rats were used as a model to elucidate the direct effects of S. glaucophyllum Desf. On bone growth. Plant samples were collected from Cañuelas, Argentina. An aliquot of the plant extract was used to quantify vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3). The effects of the three concentrations of the plant extract were tested in cultures of chondrocytes extracted from the epiphyses of the long bones of 32 three-day-old Wistar rats. A control group (without extract treatment), and three groups treated with different concentrations of plant extract were formed: group 1 (100 μL/L); group 2 (1 mL/L), and group 3 (5 mL/L), containing respectively 1 × 10-9 M, 1 × 10-8 M, and 5 × 10-8 M of 1,25(OH)2D3. After 7, 14, and 21 days of culture, MTT assay for cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and quantification of the percentage of areas with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were performed. On day 7, all chondrocytes in group 3, that is, those with the highest concentration of plant extract, died. On days 14 and 21, groups 1 and 2 showed a significant reduction in chondrocyte viability compared to the control. At 7, 14, and 21 days, groups 1 and 2 showed significantly lower alkaline phosphatase activity than the control. On day 21, group 2 showed a significant reduction in areas with PAS + GAGs. There were no significant differences between the groups in the expression of gene transcripts for Sox9, Col2, ColX, and aggrecan. The S. glaucophyllum Desf. Extract directly affected growing rat chondrocytes by reducing viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, and GAG synthesis without altering the expression of gene transcripts for Sox9, Col2, ColX, and aggrecan, which may be one of the mechanisms by which there is a reduction in bone growth in animals intoxicated by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Machado Bertassoli
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Melo
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Ocarino
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Rocha Araújo
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria Sena Reis
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rogéria Serakides
- Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Santos LC, de Souza CA, Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Maternal hyperthyroidism alters the immunological mediators profile and population of natural killers cells in decidua of rats. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152026. [PMID: 37058857 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Decidual immunological mediators modulate placental formation, decidualization and fetal development. However, the effect of maternal hyperthyroidism on decidual immunology needs further research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the population of uterine natural killer cells (uNKs) and the expression of immunological mediators in the decidua of female rats throughout pregnancy. Wistar rats were used and hyperthyroidism was induced by daily administration of L-thyroxine (T4) throughout pregnancy. The population of uNK cells in decidua was evaluated by immunostaining Lectin DBA, as well as the expression of interferon γ (INFγ), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 15 (IL-15) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at 7, 10, 12, 14 and 19 days of gestation (DG). Maternal hyperthyroidism reduced the DBA+ uNK cell population in the decidua at 7 (P < 0.05) and 10 (P < 0.01) DGs compared to that in the control group, while it increased in the basal decidua (P < 0.05) and metrial gland (P < 0.0001) at the 12th DG. Hyperthyroidism also increased immunostaining of IL-15 (P < 0.0001), INFγ (P < 0.05), and MIF (P < 0.05) in the 7th DG, and increased immunostaining of IL-15 (P < 0.0001) and MIF (P < 0.01) in the 10th DG. However, excess thyroxine reduced IL-15 expression in the metrial gland and/or basal decidua in the 12th (P < 0.05), 14th (P < 0.01), and 19th (P < 0.001) DGs, as was also observed for INFγ in the basal decidua (P<0.001) and metrial gland (P < 0.0001) in the 12th DG. Regarding iNOS, an antiinflammatory cytokine, lower expression was observed in the basal decidua of hyperthyroid animals at 7 and 12 DGs (P < 0.05), whereas an increase occurred in the 10th DG (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that maternal hyperthyroidism in female rats, particularly between 7 and 10 DGs, reduces the population of DBA+ uNKs in the decidua and increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting a more proinflammatory environment in early pregnancy caused by this gestational disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, 45662-900 Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Almeida de Souza
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, 45662-900 Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Ocarino
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Tamiasso NV, Silva CMO, Reis AMS, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Ethanol Alters Phenotype and Synthesis Activity of Rat Neonatal Articular Chondrocytes Grown in 2- and 3-Dimensional Culture. Cartilage 2021; 13:839S-846S. [PMID: 31441318 PMCID: PMC8804855 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519870862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ethanol on phenotype and activity of articular chondrocyte synthesis of neonatal rats in 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) culture. METHODS Chondrocytes were cultured in chondrogenic medium with different concentrations of ethanol: 0.0% v/v (control); 0.05% v/v (8.6 mM); 0.25% v/v (42.9 mM), and 0.5% v/v (85.7 mM). Chondrocytes under 2D culture were subjected to MTT assay, while chondrocytes under 3D culture were processed for paraffin inclusion and stained by periodic acid Schiff (PAS) to evaluate mean chondrocyte diameter and percentages of cells, nucleus, cytoplasm, well-differentiated matrix, and PAS+ areas. The expression of gene transcripts for aggrecan, Sox9, and type II collagen was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS There was no difference between groups by the MTT assay. PAS staining revealed that chondrocytes treated with 0.5% v/v ethanol had higher percentages of cytoplasm and nuclear areas, but with a reduction in PAS+ matrix area. The mean diameter of chondrocytes was similar between groups. The expression of aggrecan in the group treated with 0.5% v/v ethanol was lower in comparison to that in the control. In the groups treated with 0.25% v/v and 0.5% v/v ethanol, the percentage of differentiated cartilage was lower in comparison with that in the control. The group treated with 0.05% v/v ethanol was similar to the control in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol acted directly on in vitro cultured articular chondrocytes of newborn rats, altering the chondrocyte phenotype and its synthesis activity, and these effects were dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Viana Tamiasso
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carla Maria Osório Silva
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Melo Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia
Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas
Gerais Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Rogéria Serakides, Núcleo de Células Tronco
e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade
Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Caixa Postal
567, campus Pampulha da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil.
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Camara BOS, Ocarino NM, Bertassoli BM, Malm C, Araújo FR, Reis AMS, Jorge EC, Alves EGL, Serakides R. Differentiation of canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells: comparison of different culture medium compositions. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106572. [PMID: 33039930 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to differentiate canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) into insulin-producing cells by using culture media with different compositions to determine the most efficient media. Stem cells isolated from the fat tissues close to the bitch uterus were distributed into 6 groups: (1) Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM)-high glucose (HG), β-mercaptoethanol, and nicotinamide; (2) DMEM-HG, β-mercaptoethanol, nicotinamide, and exendin-4; (3) DMEM-HG, β-mercaptoethanol, nicotinamide, exendin-4, B27, nonessential amino acids, and l-glutamine; (4) DMEM-HG, β-mercaptoethanol, and nicotinamide (for the initial 8-d period), and DMEM-HG, β-mercaptoethanol, nicotinamide, exendin-4, B27, nonessential amino acids, l-glutamine, and basic fibroblast growth factor (for the remaining 8-d period); (5) DMEM-HG and fetal bovine serum; and (6) DMEM-low glucose and fetal bovine serum (standard control group). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from groups 1 to 5 gradually became round in shape and gathered in clusters. These changes differed between the groups. In group 3, the cell clusters were apparently more in numbers and gathered as bigger aggregates. Dithizone staining showed that groups 3 and 4 were similar in terms of the mean area of each aggregate stained for insulin. However, only in group 4, the number of insulin aggregates and the total area of aggregates stained were significantly bigger than in the other groups. The mRNA expression of PDX1, BETA2, MafA, and Insulin were also confirmed in all the groups. We conclude that by manipulating the composition of the culture medium it is possible to induce canine ADMSCs into insulin-producing cells, and the 2-staged protocol that was used promoted the best differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O S Camara
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N M Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B M Bertassoli
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C Malm
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F R Araújo
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A M S Reis
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - E C Jorge
- Laboratório de Biologia Oral e do Desenvolvimento, Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - E G L Alves
- Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Serakides
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Assunção GSM, Ocarino NM, Sofal LC, Serakides R. A Rare Case of Radicular Dens Invaginatus (Dens in Dente) in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2020; 178:46-49. [PMID: 32800108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A rare case of radicular dens invaginatus (dens in dente) was found during dental cleaning of a 5-year-old male Rottweiler dog. Radiographic examination revealed intense radiopacity, which extended from the crown to the apical root region of the affected tooth. Macroscopically, the crown of the left maxillary first molar tooth (209) had irregular and deformed buccal and lingual surfaces. Microscopic examination revealed dentine invagination in the pulp cavity in of the crown and root and pulp necrosis. Based on the gross, radiographic and histological findings, a diagnosis of radicular dens invaginatus was made.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S M Assunção
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N M Ocarino
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - L C Sofal
- Zoodonto Odontologia Veterinária, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Serakides
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Melo FG, Ocarino NM, Reis AMS, Gimeno EJ, Massone AR, Melo MM, Botelho AFM, Stehmann JR, Serakides R. The Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. extract reduces mineralized matrix synthesis in osteogenically differentiated rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1256-1266. [PMID: 32281708 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Solanum glaucophyllum Desf. has been used to treat and prevent diseases in human and veterinary medicine. On the other hand, plant poisoning causes several bone diseases, among them osteoporosis, which is characterized by osteoblastic hypoplasia. Because the osteoblast is a cell derived from the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, the hypothesis is that the plant reduces the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of S. glaucophyllum Desf. extract on MSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium. We determined by liquid chromatography that 1 ml of plant extract contained 3.8 μl of 1,25(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol). Four groups of MSCs cultivated in osteogenic medium were evaluated as follows: (a) treated with 100 μl of extract/L containing 0.4 μg/L of calcitriol; (b) treated with 1 ml of extract/L containing 4 μg/L of calcitriol; (c) treated with 5 ml of extract/L containing 20 μg/L of calcitriol; and (d) a control group without extract. We performed alkaline phosphatase activity assay, analysis of MTT conversion to formazan, and evaluated the percentage of cells, and number and diameter of mineralization nodules. The expression of gene transcripts for osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and BMP-2 was analysed by RT-qPCR. After 21 days, there was a significant reduction in MTT conversion to formazan in treated groups, of the cellularity in the group with 5 ml of extract/L, and in the number and size of mineralization nodules in the groups treated with 1 and 5 ml of extract/L. The 5 ml extract/L concentration also reduced transcript expression of osteopontin. It is concluded that S. glaucophyllum Desf. at concentrations of 1 and 5 ml extract/L reduced mineralized matrix synthesis in MSCs cultivated in osteogenic differentiation medium, which suggests that this is one of the mechanisms by which osteoporosis occurs in intoxicated animals.
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Melo FG, Ocarino NM, Sena Reis AM, Gomes LA, Magalhães Cardoso KM, Gimeno EJ, Massone AR, Melo MM, Machado Botelho AF, Serakides R. Rat mesenchymal stem cell cultures as a model to elucidate the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bone metaplasia induced by Solanum glaucophyllum intoxication. Toxicon 2019; 169:25-33. [PMID: 31421160 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of this experiment is that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are involved in the genesis of the bone metaplasia caused by Solanum glaucophyllum intoxication. We determined using liquid chromatography that 1 mL of plant extract contained 3.8 μl of 1,25(OH)2D3. The ability of 100 μL, 1 mL and 5 mL of extract/L, containing 1 nM (0.4 μg/L), 10 nM (4 μg/L) and 50 nM (20 μg/L) of 1,25(OH)2D3, respectively, in inducing the osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow MSCs from rats was tested. At the concentrations of 1 and 5 mL of extract/L of culture medium without osteogenesis-inducing factors, the plant extract induced the osteogenic differentiation of the MSCs, as was evidenced by the greater synthesis of mineralized matrix. At the higher concentration (5 mL of extract/L), an increase in the relative expression of BMP-2 gene was observed. It was concluded that rat bone marrow MSC culture is a good model for studying the effects of the S. glaucophyllum extract on the osteogenic differentiation of undifferentiated cells. Also, S. glaucophyllum extracts containing 10 nM (4 μg/L) and 50 nM (20 μg/L) of 1,25(OH)2D3 induce the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, suggesting that this is one of the mechanisms by which S. glaucophyllum causes bone metaplasia.
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Cardoso KMMC, Souza IP, Silva CIF, Nepomuceno AC, Pimentel SP, Serakides R, Ocarino NM. Bilateral Primary Obstructive Giant Megaureter in an Adult Dog. J Comp Pathol 2019; 170:101-104. [PMID: 31375153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A rare case of bilateral, primary, obstructive, giant megaureter was found during necropsy examination of an 11-year-old female German shepherd dog. On ultrasound examination and at necropsy examination, both ureters were tortuous and extensively dilated with diameter ranging from 1.86 to 4.8 cm. Both vesicoureteral junctions were obstructed by uroliths. A diagnosis of giant megaureter was established using human parameters since these values are not recognized in animals. The classification of obstructive and primary megaureter was determined because the obstruction was due to uroliths at the vesicoureteral junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M M C Cardoso
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias
| | - I P Souza
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C I F Silva
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A C Nepomuceno
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico por Imagem do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S P Pimentel
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias
| | - R Serakides
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias
| | - N M Ocarino
- Laboratório de Patologia do Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias.
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Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Placental angiogenic and hormonal factors are affected by thyroid hormones in rats. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 211:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Luteal activity of pregnant rats with hypo-and hyperthyroidism. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:75. [PMID: 25298361 PMCID: PMC4107585 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Luteal activity is dependent on the interaction of various growth factors, cytokines and hormones, including the thyroid hormones, being that hypo- and hyperthyroidism alter the gestational period and are also a cause of miscarriage and stillbirth. Because of that, we evaluated the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of angiogenic factors and COX-2 in the corpus luteum of hypo- and hyperthyroid pregnant rats. Methods Seventy-two adult female rats were equally distributed into three groups: hypothyroid, hyperthyroid and control. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism were induced by the daily administration of propylthiouracil and L-thyroxine, respectively. The administration began five days before becoming pregnant and the animals were sacrificed at days 10, 14, and 19 of gestation. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the expression of CDC-47, VEGF, Flk-1 (VEGF receptor) and COX-2. Apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL assay. We assessed the gene expression of VEGF, Flk-1, caspase 3, COX-2 and PGF2α receptor using real time RT-PCR. The data were analyzed by SNK test. Results Hypothyroidism reduced COX-2 expression on day 10 and 19 (P < 0.05), endothelial/pericyte and luteal cell proliferation on day 10 and 14 (p < 0.05), apoptotic cell numbers on day 19 (p < 0.05) and the expression of Flk-1 and VEGF on day 14 and 19, respectively (p < 0.05). Hyperthyroidism increased the expression of COX-2 on day 19 (P < 0.05) and the proliferative activity of endothelial/pericytes cells on day 14 (p <0.05), as well as the expression of VEGF and Flk-1 on day 19 (P < 0.05). Conclusions Hypothyroidism reduces the proliferation, apoptosis and expression of angiogenic factors and COX-2in the corpus luteum of pregnant rats, contrary to what is observed in hyperthyroid animals, being this effect dependent of the gestational period.
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Boeloni JN, Ocarino NM, Goes AM, Serakides R. Comparative study of osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue of osteoporotic female rats. Connect Tissue Res 2014; 55:103-14. [PMID: 24175668 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2013.860970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis causes reduction of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow and adipose tissue. This study was designed to compare the osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MSC were harvested from bone marrow and inguinal fat pads of six OVX rats. The limitations of this report are that cells from different animals were pooled for the purpose of the experiments that were carried out in this study. At 7, 14 and 21 d of osteogenic differentiation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) conversion, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression for collagen I, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and bone morphogenetic protein-2 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were analyzed. At 21 d, percentage of cells per field and percentage of mineralized nodule were analyzed. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Student-Newman-Keuls test. The cells, regardless of group, showed phenotypic characteristics consistent with stem cells. MTT conversion, alkaline phosphatase activity, percentage of mineralized nodule and expression of collagen I, osteocalcin and BMP-2 of ADSCs from OVX rats were higher when compared to BMMSCs from OVX rats in at least one of the evaluated periods (p<0.05). However, bone sialoprotein and osteopontin expression were smaller than those observed in BMMSCs for all evaluated periods (p<0.05). It was concluded that the ADSCs from OVX rats have higher osteogenic potential when compared to BMMSCs from OVX rats. This result suggests that the treatment of osteoporosis with autologous ADSCs may be more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jankerle Neves Boeloni
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA), Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte, MG , Brasil and
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Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Serakides R. Maternal thyroid dysfunction affects placental profile of inflammatory mediators and the intrauterine trophoblast migration kinetics. Reproduction 2014; 147:803-16. [PMID: 24534949 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gene and immunohistochemical expression of inflammatory mediators involved in the immune activity and the intrauterine trophoblast migration of the placentas in hypothyroid and L-thyroxine (L-T4)-treated rats. A total of 144 adult female rats were divided equally into hypothyroid, l-T4-treated, and euthyroid (control) groups. Hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of propylthiouracil. Rats were killed at 0, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 days of gestation. We evaluated the depth of interstitial and endovascular intrauterine trophoblast invasion and the immunohistochemical expression of interferon γ (INFy), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2 (iNOS)). The gene expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) and Tlr4, Infy, Mif, tumor necrosis factor (Tnf (Tnfα)), Il10, Nos2, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2) and Mmp9, and placental leptin was also measured in placental disks by real-time RT-PCR. The data were analyzed using an Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test. Hypothyroidism reduced the endovascular and interstitial trophoblast migration, and the expression of TLR4, INFy, MIF, interleukin 10 (IL10), NOS2, MMP2 and MMP9, and placental leptin, while increased the expression of TLR2 (P<0.05). T4-treated rats not only increased the expression of IL10 and NOS2 but also reduced the expression of TNF and MIF at 10 days of gestation (P<0.05). However, at 19 days of gestation, expression of INFy and MIF was increased in T4-treated group (P<0.05). Excess of T4 also increased the gene expression of Mmp2 at 10 days of gestation (P<0.05), but reduced the endovascular trophoblast migration at 18 days of gestation (P<0.05). Hypothyroidism and excess of T4 differentially affect the immune profile and the intrauterine trophoblast migration of the placenta, and these effects are dependent on the gestational period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juneo Freitas Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia VeterináriaEscola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Melo Ocarino
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia VeterináriaEscola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia VeterináriaEscola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Silva JF, Ocarino NM, Vieira ALS, Nascimento EF, Serakides R. Effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis and expression of COX-2 in the corpus luteum of female rats. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:691-8. [PMID: 23369109 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although thyroid dysfunction occurs frequently in humans and some animal species, the mechanisms by which hypo- and hyperthyroidism affect the corpus luteum have not been thoroughly elucidated. This study evaluated the levels of proliferative activity, angiogenesis, apoptosis and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the corpus luteum of female rats with thyroid dysfunction. These processes may be important in understanding the reproductive changes caused by thyroid dysfunction. A total of 18 adult female rats were divided into three groups (control, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid) with six animals per group. Three months after treatment to induce thyroid dysfunction, the rats were euthanized in the dioestrus phase. The ovaries were collected and immunohistochemically analysed for expression of the cell proliferation marker CDC-47, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor Flk-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. Hypothyroidism reduced the intensity and area of COX-2 expression in the corpus luteum (p < 0.05), while hyperthyroidism did not alter COX-2 expression in the dioestrus phase. Hypothyroidism significantly reduced the expression of CDC-47 in endothelial cells and pericytes in the corpus luteum, whereas hyperthyroidism did not induce a detectable change in CDC-47 expression (p > 0.05). Hypothyroidism reduced the level of apoptosis in luteal cells (p < 0.05) and increased VEGF expression in the corpus luteum. In contrast, hyperthyroidism increased the level of apoptosis in the corpus luteum (p < 0.05). In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction differentially affects the levels of proliferative activity, angiogenesis and apoptosis and COX-2 expression in the corpus luteum of female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Silva
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Souza CA, Ocarino NM, Silva JF, Boeloni JN, Nascimento EF, Silva IJ, Castro RD, Moreira LP, Almeida FRCL, Chiarini-Garcia H, Serakides R. Administration of thyroxine affects the morphometric parameters and VEGF expression in the uterus and placenta and the uterine vascularization but does not affect reproductive parameters in gilts during early gestation. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:e7-16. [PMID: 20403130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of thyroxine administration on morphometric parameters, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascularization in the uterus and placenta and reproductive parameters in gilts at 70 days of gestation. At 150 days of age, i.e., before first heat, 20 gilts were randomly divided into two experimental groups: treated (n=10) and control (n=10). The treated group received a daily dose of 400 μg of L-thyroxine (T(4)) in their diet until slaughter and the control group received only typical meals. Before artificial insemination, blood was collected to determine plasma total T(4). The gilts were inseminated in the second oestrus and slaughtered at 70 days of gestation. The foetal thyroid follicular epithelium height, number, size and weight of foetuses; foetal myogenesis, corpora lutea number, embryonic mortality rate, uterine weight, placental weight and placental fluid volume were measured. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of uterus and placenta were determined. The averages of all variables were compared by the Student's t-test. The gilts treated with thyroxine showed significant increase of plasma total T(4). At 70 days of gestation, the heights of the trophoblastic epithelium, endometrial epithelium and endometrial gland epithelium were significantly higher in the group treated with T(4). The expression of cytoplasmatic and nuclear VEGF in trophoblastic cells and the number of blood vessels per field in endometrial stroma were significantly higher in the gilts treated with T(4). No other significant differences between groups were obtained with respect to other parameters (p>0.05). We conclude that oral administration of T(4) up to 70 days of pregnancy in gilts affects the morphometric parameters, the expression of placental VEGF and the uterine vascularization but does not affect reproductive parameters in gilts during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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15
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Luppi MM, Malta MCC, Ocarino NM, França SA, Serakides R. Cutaneous angiomatosis in a llama (Lama glama). J Comp Pathol 2009; 142:223-7. [PMID: 19740480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous angiomatosis was diagnosed in an adult female llama (Lama glama). Lesions were raised or plaque-like, erythematous, firm to soft in consistency and were observed on the face and skin of the axillary, abdominal, perineal and inguinal regions. The lesions were not painful or pruritic. Microscopical examination revealed an irregular parakeratotic lamellar hyperkeratosis associated with diffuse proliferation of arterioles and venules in the superficial dermis. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the cells forming these vessels and perivascular cells expressed factor VIII-related antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31 and smooth-muscle alpha-actin. These studies confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous angiomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Luppi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ocarino NM, Bozzi A, Pereira RDO, Breyner NM, Silva VL, Castanheira P, Goes AM, Serakides R. Behavior of mesenchymal stem cells stained with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) in osteogenic and non osteogenic cultures. BIOCELL 2008; 32:175-183. [PMID: 18825911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) is a DNA dye widely used to mark and trace stem cells in therapy. We here studied the effect of DAPI staining on the behavior of mesenchymal stem cells cultured in either a control, non-osteogenic medium or in an osteogenic differentiation medium. In the control medium, the number of stem cells/field, as well as the number of fluorescent cells/field increased up to the sixth day in both control and DAPI-treated cultures. Afterwards, both the number of fluorescent cells and their fluorescence intensity decreased. Control cells were fusiform and with some long extensions that apparently linked them to neighboring cells, while DAPI-treated cells were mostly round cells with fine and short extensions. The trypan-blue exclusion method showed 99% cell viability in both groups, however, both alkaline phosphatase activity and the thiazolyl blue formazan assay (indicative of mitochondrial metabolism) gave significantly lower values in DAPI-marked cells. The mitochondrial mass, as indicated by specific staining and flow cytometry, showed no differences between groups. Mesenchymal stem cells gave origin to mineralized nodules in the osteogenic differentiation medium and there were not DAPI-marked cells on the ninth day of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity, viability assay and number of cells/field and of mineralized nodules/field were similar in both groups. So, DAPI treatment did not change cell viability and proliferation during osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, since these cells loose DAPI marking after 9 days in osteogenic cultures suggests that DAPI may not be an effective marker for mesenchymal stem cells implanted in bone tissue for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ocarino
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ocarino NM, Marubayashi U, Cardoso TG, Guimaraes CV, Silva AE, Torres RC, Serakides R. Physical activity in osteopenia treatment improved the mass of bones directly and indirectly submitted to mechanical impact. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2007; 7:84-93. [PMID: 17396014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of physical activity in the treatment of osteopenia induced by ovariectomy was studied in 34 two-month-old Wistar female rats. Animals were divided into three groups in which two were formed by ovariectomized (OVX) animals and the other one had sham-operated animals. Group 1, active OVX'd rats; group 2, sedentary OVX'd rats and group 3, sham-operated ones (control). After three months of daily physical activity in a motor-driven treadmill all rats were sacrificed. In order to perform a histomorphometric analysis, long bones, vertebrae, and nasal bone were selected at necropsy. Ovariectomized rats which exercised showed an increased trabecular bone volume, cortical thickness in the long bones and vertebrae and also an increased nasal bone thickness. Physical activity also increased the connection of osteocytes. It was concluded that physical activity in osteopenia treatment increases and restores the mass of bones directly and indirectly submitted to physical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ocarino
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Freitas ES, Leite ED, Souza CA, Ocarino NM, Ferreira E, Cassali GD, Gomes MG, Serakides R. Histomorphometry and expression of Cdc47 and caspase-3 in hyperthyroid rat uteri and placentas during gestation and postpartum associated with fetal development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2007; 19:498-509. [PMID: 17394799 DOI: 10.1071/rd06086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In two different experiments, the effects of hyperthyroidism on the histomorphometry and expression of Cdc47 and caspase-3 were evaluated in the uteri and placentas during gestation and postpartum. Fetal development was also evaluated during gestation. In the first experiment, 36 adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups of 18 animals each: (1) hyperthyroid; and (2) euthyroid (control). Female rats were mated and killed at 7, 14 and 19 days of gestation. Uteri and placentas were weighed and subjected to histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation to determine the expression of Cdc47 and caspase-3. Ovaries were also evaluated for weight and subjected to morphometric analysis. Fetuses were quantified and weighed individually. In the second experiment, 12 adult female Wistar rats were divided into two groups of six animals each: (1) hyperthyroid; and (2) euthyroid (control). Female rats were mated and killed 2 days postpartum. Uteri were evaluated in the same way as for the first experiment. Hyperthyroidism increased ovulation and conception rates without disturbing the size and viability of the fetuses. In the pregnant uteri, hyperthyroidism did not change the thickness of the layers or the expression of Cdc47 and caspase-3. However, in the placentas, hyperthyroidism increased the medium diameter of trophoblast cells, as well as the thickness and the expression of Cdc47 of spongiotrophoblast cells, at 14 days of gestation. During uterine involution, hyperthyroidism significantly increased the expression of Cdc47 and reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the uterine layers. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism increased the conception rate because of an ovulation gain, induced significant placental changes during pregnancy and, in the uterus, increased Cdc47 expression and decreased caspase-3 expression after parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Freitas
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 567, CEP 30123-970, Brazil
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