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Bichali S, Uguen J, Giroux N, Romefort B, Feildel-Fournial C, Dumortier M, Habes D, Caldari D. Sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices may induce chronic constrictive pericarditis in children. Cardiol Young 2023; 33:1186-1188. [PMID: 36220353 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Constrictive pericarditis is rare in children and can be difficult to diagnose. It has been described in adults after sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices but not in children. We report two cases of chronic constrictive pericarditis after sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices in children with portal cavernoma. Constrictive pericarditis should be considered as a cause of refractory ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïd Bichali
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Ward, Department of Pediatrics, Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Cardio-Pediatrics Unit, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Uguen
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Pediatrics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Nathan Giroux
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology Ward, Nancy University Hospital, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bénédicte Romefort
- Cardio-Pediatrics Unit, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Feildel-Fournial
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Pediatrics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Dumortier
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Pediatrics, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Dalila Habes
- Pediatric Hepatology and Pediatric Liver Transplantation Unit, National Reference Centre for Rare Pediatric Liver Diseases and Filfoie, Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Caldari
- Pediatric Gastro-Enterology Unit, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
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Ouldali N, Bagheri H, Salvo F, Antona D, Pariente A, Leblanc C, Tebacher M, Micallef J, Levy C, Cohen R, Javouhey E, Bader-Meunier B, Ovaert C, Renolleau S, Hentgen V, Kone-Paut I, Deschamps N, De Pontual L, Iriart X, Guen CGL, Angoulvant F, Belot A, Donzeau A, Aridi LE, Lety S, Leboucher B, Baur A, Jeusset L, Selegny M, Fedorczuk C, Lajus M, Bensaid P, Laoudi Y, Pons C, Robert AC, Beaucourt C, De Pontual L, Richard M, Goisque E, Iriart X, Brissaud O, Segretin P, Molimard J, Orecel MC, Benoit G, Bongiovanni L, Guerder M, Pouyau R, De Guillebon De Resnes JM, Mezgueldi E, Cour-Andlauer F, Horvat C, Poinsot P, Frachette C, Ouziel A, Gillet Y, Barrey C, Brouard J, Villedieu F, Ro V, Elanga N, Gajdos V, Basmaci R, Mutar H, Rouget S, Nattes E, Hau I, Biscardi S, Jurdi HE, Jung C, Semama D, Huet F, Zoccarato AM, Sarakbi M, Mortamet G, Bost-Bru C, Bassil J, Vinit C, Hentgen V, Leroux P, Bertrand V, Parrod C, Craiu I, Kone-Paut I, Durand P, Tissiere P, Claude C, Morelle G, Guiddir T, Borocco C, Delion F, Guillot C, Leteurtre S, Dubos F, Jouancastay M, Martinot A, Voeusler V, Languepin J, Garrec N, Demersay AC, Morand A, Bosdure E, Vanel N, Ughetto F, Michel F, Caujolle M, Blonde R, Nguyen J, Vignaud O, Masserot-Lureau C, Gouraud F, Araujo C, Ingrao T, Naji S, Sehaba M, Roche C, Carbasse A, Milesi C, Mazeghrane M, Haupt S, Schweitzer C, Romefort B, Launay E, Guen CGL, Ali A, Blot N, Tran A, Rancurel A, Afanetti M, Odorico S, Talmud D, Chosidow A, Romain AS, Grimprel E, Pouletty M, Gaschignard J, Corseri O, Faye A, Gaschignard J, Melki I, Ducrocq C, Benzoïd C, Lokmer J, Dauger S, Chomton M, Deho A, Lebourgeois F, Renolleau S, Lesage F, Moulin F, Dupic L, Pinhas Y, Debray A, Chalumeau M, Abadie V, Frange P, Cohen JF, Allali S, Curtis W, Belhadjer Z, Auriau J, Méot M, Houyel L, Bonnet D, Delacourt C, Meunier BB, Quartier P, Shaim Y, Baril L, Crommelynck S, Jacquot B, Blanc P, Maledon N, Robert B, Loeile C, Cazau C, Loron G, Gaga S, Vittot C, Nabhani LE, Buisson F, Prudent M, Flodrops H, Mokraoui F, Escoda S, Deschamps N, Bonnemains L, Mahi SL, Mertes C, Terzic J, Helms J, Idier C, Chenichene S, Ursulescu NM, Beaujour G, Hakim A, Miquel A, Rey A, Wiedermann A, Charbonneau A, Veauvy-Juven A, Ferry A, Mandelcwajg A, Rousseau A, Prenant A, Bourneuf AL, Filleron A, Robine A, Félix A, Parizel A, Labarre A, Cantais A, Ros B, Coulon B, Biot B, Dalichoux B, Fournier B, Cagnard B, Vanel B, Brossier D, Ménager B, Ozanne B, Marie-Jeanne C, Bergerot C, Chavy C, Guidon C, Fabre C, Galeotti C, Baker C, Ballot-Schmit C, Belleau C, Charasse C, Favel C, Toumi C, Ferrandiz C, Couturier C, Pouchoux C, Chomton-Cailliez M, Kevorkian-Verguet C, Brunet C, Manteau C, Mougey C, Santy C, Fitament C, Petriat C, Rebelle C, Charron C, Dartus M, Toulorge D, Guillou-Debuisson C, Bartebin D, Klein V, Broustal E, Desselas E, Marteau E, Bouvrot E, Delacroix E, Coinde E, Elnabhani L, Amouyal E, Chaillou E, Gabilly-Bernard E, Ruiz E, Thibault E, Robin E, Darrieux E, Blondel E, Socchi F, Cazassus F, Bajolle F, Lacin F, Madhi F, Zekre F, Guerin F, Boussicault G, Ginies H, Magloire G, Arnold G, Coulognon I, Sicard-Cras I, Kahn JE, Bordet J, Fausser JL, Baleine JF, Brice J, Gendras J, Pekin K, Norbert K, Karsenty C, Savary L, Martinat L, Lesniewski L, Charbonnier L, Alexandre L, Percheron L, Vincenti M, Selegny M, Lanzini M, Grisval M, Mercy M, Lampin ME, Desgranges M, Duperril M, Orcel MC, Audier M, Favier M, Carpentier M, Balcean M, Bonnet M, Jouret M, Delattre M, Levy M, Valensi M, Shum M, Dumortier M, Gelin M, Nemmouchi M, Williaume M, Sebaha M, Genetay-Stanescu N, Giroux N, Crassard N, Derridj N, Lachaume N, Werner O, Guilluy O, Richer O, Tirel O, Pauvert A, Casha P, Perez N, Gras P, Leger PL, Pinchou M, Mornand P, Largo P, Ibanez RC, Roulland C, Albarazi SH, Bichali S, Faton S, Schott A, Walser S, Guillaume S, Vincent S, Galene-Gromez S, Kozisek S, Maugard T, Blanc T, Navarro T, Lauvray T, Kovacs T, Launay V, Despert V, Lhostis V, Gall V, Micaelli X, Benadjaoud Y, Matoussi Z, Géniaux H, Facile A, Pietri T, Palassin P, Pinel S, Chouchana L, Callot D, Boulay C. Correction to “Hyper inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in children: A national post-authorization pharmacovigilance study”. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2022. [PMID: 35967266 PMCID: PMC9364716 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bichali S, Giroux N, Benbrik N, Liet JM. Unexplained near-drowning can reveal ALCAPA in children. Arch Pediatr 2021; 28:252-254. [PMID: 33495076 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old girl experienced an episode of near-drowning. She was immediately rescued and was defibrillated. Transthoracic echocardiography and coronary computed tomographic angiography confirmed the diagnosis of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). We report a rare description of this congenital coronary anomaly in a child, revealed after exercise-induced sudden cardiac arrest while swimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bichali
- Department of pediatric cardiology and pediatric cardiac surgery, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Children's hospital, 38, boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44000 Nantes, France.
| | - N Giroux
- Department of pediatric intensive care, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Children's hospital, 44000 Nantes, France; Department of pediatric intensive care, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nancy, Children's hospital, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - N Benbrik
- Department of pediatric cardiology and pediatric cardiac surgery, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Children's hospital, 38, boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - J-M Liet
- Department of pediatric intensive care, centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes, Children's hospital, 44000 Nantes, France
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Abstract
This study compared the spelling competency of 7 functonally blind braille-reading students with that of 180 sighted students using conventional print. The students were all attending regular high school classes, grades 9 to 11, within the province of Quebec, Canada. A 100-word dictation was given to these students and then analyzed for mistakes in both grammar and usage. The results indicated a significant gap in the spelling competency between the two groups. The functionally blind students were significantly ahead of their sighted peers. These students made less than half the number of usage mistakes than did their sighted peers. The most important gap involves grammatical spelling, again in the favor of the functionally blind students.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Grenier
- Visual deficiency, Jacques-Ouellette School, 3636, rue Belcourt, Longueuil, Quebec, J4M2M7, Canada
| | - N. Giroux
- University of Quebec; mailing address: 1298, rue Jacques-Chambly, Carignan, Quebec, J3L3P9, Canada
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Belhadjer Z, Méot M, Bajolle F, Khraiche D, Legendre A, Abakka S, Auriau J, Grimaud M, Oualha M, Beghetti M, Wacker J, Ovaert C, Hascoet S, Selegny M, Malekzadeh-Milani S, Maltret A, Bosser G, Giroux N, Bonnemains L, Bordet J, Di Filippo S, Mauran P, Falcon-Eicher S, Thambo JB, Lefort B, Moceri P, Houyel L, Renolleau S, Bonnet D. Acute Heart Failure in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in the Context of Global SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Circulation 2020; 142:429-436. [PMID: 32418446 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 206.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac injury and myocarditis have been described in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children is typically minimally symptomatic. We report a series of febrile pediatric patients with acute heart failure potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children as defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS Over a 2-month period, contemporary with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France and Switzerland, we retrospectively collected clinical, biological, therapeutic, and early outcomes data in children who were admitted to pediatric intensive care units in 14 centers for cardiogenic shock, left ventricular dysfunction, and severe inflammatory state. RESULTS Thirty-five children were identified and included in the study. Median age at admission was 10 years (range, 2-16 years). Comorbidities were present in 28%, including asthma and overweight. Gastrointestinal symptoms were prominent. Left ventricular ejection fraction was <30% in one-third; 80% required inotropic support with 28% treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Inflammation markers were suggestive of cytokine storm (interleukin-6 median, 135 pg/mL) and macrophage activation (D-dimer median, 5284 ng/mL). Mean BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) was elevated (5743 pg/mL). Thirty-one of 35 patients (88%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by polymerase chain reaction of nasopharyngeal swab or serology. All patients received intravenous immunoglobulin, with adjunctive steroid therapy used in one-third. Left ventricular function was restored in the 25 of 35 of those discharged from the intensive care unit. No patient died, and all patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were successfully weaned. CONCLUSIONS Children may experience an acute cardiac decompensation caused by severe inflammatory state after SARS-CoV-2 infection (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). Treatment with immunoglobulin appears to be associated with recovery of left ventricular systolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Belhadjer
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
- Université de Paris, France (Z.B., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Mathilde Méot
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Diala Khraiche
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Antoine Legendre
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Samya Abakka
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Johanne Auriau
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Marion Grimaud
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Mehdi Oualha
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (M.B., J.W.)
| | - Julie Wacker
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (M.B., J.W.)
| | - Caroline Ovaert
- Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology Department, M3C Regional CHD Center, La Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France (C.O.)
- INSERM UMR 1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, University of Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France (C.O.)
| | - Sebastien Hascoet
- M3C Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Department, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Joseph, Paris Sud University, Plessis-Robinson, France (S.H.)
| | - Maëlle Selegny
- Pediatric-Cardiology, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France (M.S.)
| | - Sophie Malekzadeh-Milani
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Alice Maltret
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Gilles Bosser
- CHRU de Nancy, Service de cardiologie congénitale et pédiatrique, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (G.B., N..G.)
| | - Nathan Giroux
- CHRU de Nancy, Service de cardiologie congénitale et pédiatrique, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France (G.B., N..G.)
| | - Laurent Bonnemains
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Strasbourg, France (L.B., J.B.)
| | - Jeanne Bordet
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Strasbourg, France (L.B., J.B.)
| | - Sylvie Di Filippo
- Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Department, Cardiovascular Louis-Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France (S.D.F.)
| | - Pierre Mauran
- Department of Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology, Center de compétence M3C, American Memorial Hospital, CHU de Reims, France (P. Mauran)
| | | | - Jean-Benoît Thambo
- CHU Bordeaux, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bordeaux-II University, France (J.-B.T.)
| | - Bruno Lefort
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants Gatien de Clocheville, INSERM UMR 1069 et Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.L.)
| | - Pamela Moceri
- Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Pasteur, CHU de Nice, France (P. Moceri)
| | - Lucile Houyel
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
- Université de Paris, France (Z.B., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Sylvain Renolleau
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
- Université de Paris, France (Z.B., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
| | - Damien Bonnet
- M3C-Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France (Z.B., M.M., F.B., D.K., A.L., S.A., J.A., M.G., M.O., S.M.-M., A.M., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
- Université de Paris, France (Z.B., L.H., S.R., D.B.)
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Jewett M, Finelli A, Kollmannsberger C, Wood L, Legere L, Basiuk J, Canil C, Heng D, Reaume N, Tanguay S, Atkins M, Bjarnason G, Dancey J, Evans M, Fleshner N, Haider M, Kapoor A, Uzzo R, Maskens D, Soulieres D, Yousef G, Basappa N, Bendali N, Black P, Blais N, Cagiannos I, Care M, Chow R, Chung H, Czaykowski P, Derosa D, Durrant K, Ellard S, Farquharson G, Filion-Brulotte C, Gingerich J, Godbout L, Grant R, Hamilton W, Kassouf W, Kurban G, Lane K, Lattouf J, Lau D, Leveridge M, McCarthy J, Moore R, North S, O'brien P, Pituskin E, Racine P, Rendon R, So A, Sridhar S, Stubbs K, Su Z, Taylor L, Udall T, Venner P, Vogel W, Yap S, Yau P, Cooper M, Giroux N, Miron D, Mosher D, Ross K, Willacy J. Management of kidney cancer: canadian kidney cancer forum consensus update 2011. Can Urol Assoc J 2012; 6:16-22. [PMID: 22396361 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.11273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rossignol S, Chau C, Giroux N, Brustein E, Bouyer L, Marcoux J, Langlet C, Barthelémy D, Provencher J, Leblond H, Barbeau H, Reader TA. The cat model of spinal injury. Prog Brain Res 2002; 137:151-68. [PMID: 12440366 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(02)37014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Rossignol
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Paul-G.-Desmarais, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Giroux N, Reader TA, Rossignol S. Comparison of the effect of intrathecal administration of clonidine and yohimbine on the locomotion of intact and spinal cats. J Neurophysiol 2001; 85:2516-36. [PMID: 11387398 DOI: 10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that noradrenergic mechanisms are important for locomotion. For instance, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) can initiate "fictive" locomotion in immobilized acutely spinalized cats and alpha(2)-noradrenergic agonists, such as 2,6,-dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylid-enebenzenamine (clonidine), can induce treadmill locomotion soon after spinalization. However, the activation of noradrenergic receptors may be not essential for the basic locomotor rhythmicity because chronic spinal cats can walk with the hindlimbs on a treadmill in the absence of noradrenergic stimulation because the descending pathways are completely severed. This suggests that locomotion, in intact and spinal conditions, is probably expressed and controlled through different neurotransmitter mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effect of the alpha(2) agonist, clonidine, and the antagonist (16 alpha, 17 alpha)-17-hydroxy yohimbine-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (yohimbine), injected intrathecally at L(3)--L(4) before and after spinalization in the same cats chronically implanted with electrodes to record electromyograms (EMGs). In intact cats, clonidine (50-150 microg/100 microl) modulated the locomotor pattern slightly causing a decrease in duration of the step cycle accompanied with some variation of EMG burst amplitude and duration. In the spinal state, clonidine could trigger robust and sustained hind limb locomotion in the first week after the spinalization at a time when the cats were paraplegic. Later, after the spontaneous recovery of a stable locomotor pattern, clonidine prolonged the cycle duration, increased the amplitude and duration of flexor and extensor bursts, and augmented the foot drag at the onset of swing. In intact cats, yohimbine at high doses (800--1600 microg/100 microl) caused major walking difficulties characterized by asymmetric stepping, stumbling with poor lateral stability, and, at smaller doses (400 microg/100 microl), only had slight effects such as abduction of one of the hindlimbs and the turning of the hindquarters to one side. After spinalization, yohimbine had no effect even at the largest doses. These results indicate that, in the intact state, noradrenergic mechanisms probably play an important role in the control of locomotion since blocking the receptors results in a marked disruption of walking. In the spinal state, although the receptors are still present and functional since they can be activated by clonidine, they are seemingly not critical for the spontaneous expression of spinal locomotion since their blockade by yohimbine does not impair spinal locomotion. It is postulated therefore that the expression of spinal locomotion must depend on the activation of other types of receptors, probably related to excitatory amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giroux
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Rossignol S, Giroux N, Chau C, Marcoux J, Brustein E, Reader TA. Pharmacological aids to locomotor training after spinal injury in the cat. J Physiol 2001; 533:65-74. [PMID: 11351014 PMCID: PMC2278596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0065b.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2001] [Accepted: 03/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This Topical Review summarizes some of the work we have done mainly in the cat using agonists and antagonists of various neurotransmitter systems injected intravenously or intrathecally to initiate or modulate the expression of hindlimb locomotion after a spinal lesion at T13. The effects of the same drugs are compared in various preparations: complete spinal, partial spinal or intact cats. This has revealed that there can be major differences in these effects. In turn, this suggests that although the locomotor rhythm might normally be triggered and modulated by the activation of a variety of receptors (noradrenaline, serotonin, glutamate), after spinalization there appears to be a predominance of glutamatergic mechanisms. Recent work also suggests that, in the cat, the integrity of the midlumbar segments is crucial for the expression of spinal locomotion. Taken together, this work raises some hope that a targeted pharmacotherapy with better understood drugs and mode and locus of delivery could become a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossignol
- Centre de recherche en sciences neurologiques, Pavillon Paul-G.-Desmarais, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4.
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Giroux N, Rossignol S, Reader TA. Autoradiographic study of alpha1- and alpha2-noradrenergic and serotonin1A receptors in the spinal cord of normal and chronically transected cats. J Comp Neurol 1999; 406:402-14. [PMID: 10102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Serotoninergic and noradrenergic drugs have been shown to initiate and/or modulate locomotion in cats after spinal cord transection and in patients suffering from spinal cord injuries. To establish a firmer basis for locomotor pharmacotherapy, the distribution of alpha1- and alpha2-noradrenergic and serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors was examined in the spinal cord of control cats and of from animals with spinal cord transection at T13 some weeks or months previously. In control cats, the highest levels of alpha1-noradrenergic receptors, labeled with [3H]prazosin, were found in laminae II, IX, and X. The alpha2-noradrenergic receptors, labeled with [3H]idazoxan, were found mainly in laminae II, III, and X, with moderate densities in lamina IX. After spinal transection, both receptors did not change in segments above the lesion. At 15 and 30 days after spinal transection, binding significantly increased in laminae II, III, IV, and X for alpha2 and in laminae I, II, III, and IX for alpha1 receptors in lumbar segments. For longer survival times, binding densities returned to near control values. The 5-HT1A receptors, labeled with [3H] 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin, were found mainly in laminae I-IV and X. After spinal transection, binding significantly increased only in laminae II, III, and X of lumbar segments at 15 and 30 days. Thereafter, binding returned to control values. The pronounced upregulation of different monoaminergic receptors observed in the lumbar region in the first month after spinal transection suggests that these receptors may be important during the period when cats normally recover functions such as locomotion of the hindlimbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Giroux
- Département de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Giroux N, Brustein E, Chau C, Barbeau H, Reader TA, Rossignol S. Differential effects of the noradrenergic agonist clonidine on the locomotion of intact, partially and completely spinalized adult cats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 860:517-20. [PMID: 9928351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Giroux
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Neurologiques, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Canada
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Rossignol S, Chau C, Brustein E, Giroux N, Bouyer L, Barbeau H, Reader TA. Pharmacological activation and modulation of the central pattern generator for locomotion in the cat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 860:346-59. [PMID: 9928324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological agents have been shown to be capable of inducing a pattern of rhythmic activity recorded in muscle nerves or motoneurons of paralyzed spinal cats that closely resembles the locomotor pattern seen in intact cats. Further work, using intraperitoneal or intrathecal injections, suggests that different neurotransmitters may be involved in various aspects of locomotor control, e.g., initiation and modulation of the pattern. Although precursors, agonists or the neurotransmitters themselves of several systems have been investigated (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic), the noradrenergic system seems the most efficient in triggering locomotion in complete spinal cats, with the alpha-2 agonists (clonidine, tizanidine, oxymetazoline) being more potent than the alpha-1 agonist, methoxamine. Moreover, the potency of the drugs may depend on the time of application after the spinal lesion. In chronic spinal cats capable of spontaneous walking on hindlimbs on the treadmill, all neurotransmitters appear to exert distinct recognizable effects on the locomotor pattern. More recent work also suggests that the effects of drugs may differ significantly depending on the type of spinal lesion. For instance, clonidine further reduces the level of weight support during quadrupedal locomotion of cats with lesions of the ventral-ventrolateral funiculi, possibly due to an interference of clonidine with essential compensatory mechanisms used by these animals to walk. Such considerations as the type of drugs, type of lesions, and the time after the lesion will be important for future studies in spinal cord injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rossignol
- Centre de recherche en sciences neurologiques, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, Canada.
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Giroux N, Rossignol S, Reader T. 2-52-14 The spinal distribution of alpha1- and alpha2-noradrenergic, and serotonin1A receptors in normal and chronically transected cats. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)85518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Giroux N. [The behavioural model, its foundations, methods and value (author's transl)]. Neuropsychiatr Enfance Adolesc 1981; 29:65-80. [PMID: 7207726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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