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Hill MJ, Doyle N, Devine K. Reply of the Authors: Do not miss the forest for the trees. Fertil Steril 2024; 121:361-362. [PMID: 38036242 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Micah J Hill
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Shady Grove Fertility LLC, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicole Doyle
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Shady Grove Fertility LLC, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen Devine
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Shady Grove Fertility LLC, Bethesda, Maryland
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Chae-Kim J, Doyle N, Jahandideh S, O'Brien JE, Widra EA, Levy M, DeCherney AH, Devine K, Hill MJ. Evaluating the endometrial receptivity assay: a nested diagnostic accuracy study within the Synchrony randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril 2023; 120:1255-1256. [PMID: 37714255 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chae-Kim
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Eric A Widra
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Shady Grove Fertility, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Alan H DeCherney
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen Devine
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Shady Grove Fertility, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Micah J Hill
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Shady Grove Fertility, Rockville, Maryland.
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Lau W, Chisholm K, Gallagher M, Felmingham K, Murray K, Pearce A, Doyle N, Alexander S, O'Brien H, Putica A, Khatri J, Bockelmann P, Hosseiny F, Librado A, Notarianni M, O'Donnell M. Comparing the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders to prolonged exposure for the treatment of PTSD: Design of a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 33:101134. [PMID: 37228903 PMCID: PMC10205430 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged Exposure (PE), a trauma-focused therapy, is one of the most efficacious treatments available for PTSD. However, many people with PTSD do not lose their diagnosis following delivery of PE. The Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is a non-trauma focused treatment that may offer an alternative treatment for PTSD. Methods This paper describes the study protocol for IMPACT, an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial that examines the non-inferiority of UP relative to PE for participants who meet DSM-5 criteria for current PTSD. One hundred and twenty adult participants with PTSD will be randomized to receive either 10 × 90-min sessions of UP or PE with a trained provider. The primary outcome is severity of PTSD symptoms assessed by the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) at post-treatment. Discussion While evidence-based treatments are available for PTSD, high levels of treatment dropout and non-response require new approaches to be tested. The UP is based on emotion regulation theory and is effective in treating anxiety and depressive disorders, however, there has been limited application to PTSD. This is the first rigorous study comparing UP to PE in a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial and may help improve clinical outcomes for those with PTSD. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Trial ID (ACTRN12619000543189).
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Lau
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K. Chisholm
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M.W. Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, The University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - K. Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K. Murray
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Pearce
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N. Doyle
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Alexander
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H. O'Brien
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Putica
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. Khatri
- Canberra Health Services, Australian Capital Territory Government, Canberra, Australia
| | - P. Bockelmann
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - F. Hosseiny
- Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Canada
| | - A. Librado
- Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, Canada
| | - M. Notarianni
- Atlas Institute for Veterans and Families, Ottawa, Canada
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Canada
| | - M.L. O'Donnell
- Phoenix Australia – Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Doyle N, Jahandideh S, Hill MJ, Widra EA, Levy M, Devine K. Effect of Timing by Endometrial Receptivity Testing vs Standard Timing of Frozen Embryo Transfer on Live Birth in Patients Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2022; 328:2117-2125. [PMID: 36472596 PMCID: PMC9856480 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.20438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Endometrial receptivity testing is purported to improve live birth following frozen embryo transfer by identifying the optimal embryo transfer time for an individual patient; however, data are conflicting. Objective To compare live birth from single euploid frozen embryo transfer according to endometrial receptivity testing vs standardized timing. Design, Setting, and Participants Double-blind, randomized clinical trial at 30 sites within a multicenter private fertility practice in the Eastern US. Enrollment was from May 2018 to September 2020; follow-up concluded in August 2021. Participants underwent in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy, endometrial receptivity testing, and frozen embryo transfer. Those with euploid blastocyst(s) and an informative receptivity result were randomized. Exclusion criteria included recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent implantation failure, surgically aspirated sperm, donor egg(s), and unmitigated anatomic uterine cavity defects. Interventions The intervention group (n = 381) underwent receptivity-timed frozen embryo transfer, with adjusted duration of progesterone exposure prior to transfer, if indicated by receptivity testing. The control group (n = 386) underwent transfer at standard timing, regardless of receptivity test results. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was live birth. There were 3 secondary outcomes, including biochemical pregnancy and clinical pregnancy. Results Among 767 participants who were randomized (mean age, 35 years), 755 (98%) completed the trial. All randomized participants were analyzed. The primary outcome of live birth occurred in 58.5% of transfers (223 of 381) in the intervention group vs 61.9% of transfers (239 of 386) in the control group (difference, -3.4% [95% CI, -10.3% to 3.5%]; rate ratio [RR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.13]; P = .38). There were no significant differences in the intervention vs the control group for the prespecified secondary outcomes, including biochemical pregnancy rate (77.2% vs 79.5%, respectively; difference, -2.3% [95% CI, -8.2% to 3.5%]; RR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83 to 1.14]; P = .48) and clinical pregnancy rate (68.8% vs 72.8%, respectively; difference, -4.0% [95% CI, -10.4% to 2.4%]; RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.12]; P = .25). There were no reported adverse events. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients for whom in vitro fertilization yielded a euploid blastocyst, the use of receptivity testing to guide the timing of frozen embryo transfer, compared with standard timing for transfer, did not significantly improve the rate of live birth. The findings do not support routine use of receptivity testing to guide the timing of embryo transfer during in vitro fertilization. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03558399.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Doyle
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Micah J. Hill
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Michael Levy
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kate Devine
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, Maryland
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Dolitsky SN, Amos J, Jahandideh S, Devine K, Doyle N. CHANGES IN UTILIZATION PGT-A OVER THE LAST DECADE. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Doyle N, Combs JC, Jahandideh S, Wilkinson V, Devine K, O'Brien JE. Live birth after transfer of a single euploid vitrified-warmed blastocyst according to standard timing vs. timing as recommended by endometrial receptivity analysis. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:314-321. [PMID: 35710597 PMCID: PMC9329263 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) improves live births in patients with and without a history of unsuccessful frozen embryo transfers (FETs). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Large reproductive center. PATIENT(S) Patients with and without ERA before euploid single FET were included in the analysis. INTERVENTION(S) Subjects in the exposed group underwent ERA and ERA-timed FETs. Subjects in the unexposed group followed a standard protocol FET without ERA. Outcomes were compared between nonreceptive and receptive subjects undergoing an ERA-timed FET and between ERA-timed vs. standard protocol FETs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The primary outcome was a live birth; secondary outcomes were biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates. RESULT(S) A total of 307 ERA-timed FETs and 2,284 standard protocol FETs were analyzed. One hundred twenty-five patients (40.7%) were ERA receptive, and 182 (59.3%) were ERA nonreceptive. After adjusting for the number of the previously failed FETs, there was no difference in the proportion of receptive and nonreceptive ERA results. There were no statistically significant differences in live births in patients with ERA-receptive vs. ERA-nonreceptive results (48.8% and 41.7%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio 1.17; 95% CI, 0.97-1.40). There were no statistically significant differences in live births in patients with or without ERA testing results before FET (44.6% and 51.3%, respectively; adjusted odds ratio 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73-1.04). CONCLUSION(S) Patients with an increasing number of previous failed euploid FET cycles are not at an increased risk of a displaced window of implantation. Patients categorized as receptive vs. nonreceptive and those without ERA testing results have comparable FET success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Doyle
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, Maryland.
| | - Joshua C Combs
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Kate Devine
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, Maryland
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Doyle N, Jahandideh S, Hill MJ, Widra EA, Levy M, Devine K. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING LIVE BIRTH FROM SINGLE EUPLOID FROZEN BLASTOCYST TRANSFER USING STANDARDIZED TIMING VERSUS TIMING BY ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY ANALYSIS. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lulla V, Wandel MP, Bandyra KJ, Ulferts R, Wu M, Dendooven T, Yang X, Doyle N, Oerum S, Beale R, O’Rourke SM, Randow F, Maier HJ, Scott W, Ding Y, Firth AE, Bloznelyte K, Luisi BF. Targeting the Conserved Stem Loop 2 Motif in the SARS-CoV-2 Genome. J Virol 2021; 95:e0066321. [PMID: 33963053 PMCID: PMC8223950 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00663-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA structural elements occur in numerous single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses. The stem-loop 2 motif (s2m) is one such element with an unusually high degree of sequence conservation, being found in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) in the genomes of many astroviruses, some picornaviruses and noroviruses, and a variety of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. The evolutionary conservation and its occurrence in all viral subgenomic transcripts imply a key role for s2m in the viral infection cycle. Our findings indicate that the element, while stably folded, can nonetheless be invaded and remodeled spontaneously by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that initiate pairing in exposed loops and trigger efficient sequence-specific RNA cleavage in reporter assays. ASOs also act to inhibit replication in an astrovirus replicon model system in a sequence-specific, dose-dependent manner and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture. Our results thus permit us to suggest that the s2m element is readily targeted by ASOs, which show promise as antiviral agents. IMPORTANCE The highly conserved stem-loop 2 motif (s2m) is found in the genomes of many RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Our findings indicate that the s2m element can be targeted by antisense oligonucleotides. The antiviral potential of this element represents a promising start for further research into targeting conserved elements in RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lulla
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mary Wu
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Dendooven
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Doyle
- Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Oerum
- CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Rupert Beale
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara M. O’Rourke
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Felix Randow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - William Scott
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Yiliang Ding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kotryna Bloznelyte
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ben F. Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Echavarría-Consuegra L, Cook GM, Busnadiego I, Lefèvre C, Keep S, Brown K, Doyle N, Dowgier G, Franaszek K, Moore NA, Siddell SG, Bickerton E, Hale BG, Firth AE, Brierley I, Irigoyen N. Manipulation of the unfolded protein response: A pharmacological strategy against coronavirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009644. [PMID: 34138976 PMCID: PMC8211288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infection induces the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular signalling pathway composed of three branches, triggered by unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to high ER load. We have used RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling to investigate holistically the transcriptional and translational response to cellular infection by murine hepatitis virus (MHV), often used as a model for the Betacoronavirus genus to which the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 also belongs. We found the UPR to be amongst the most significantly up-regulated pathways in response to MHV infection. To confirm and extend these observations, we show experimentally the induction of all three branches of the UPR in both MHV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. Over-expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 or S proteins alone is itself sufficient to induce the UPR. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of the UPR greatly reduced the replication of both MHV and SARS-CoV-2, revealing the importance of this pathway for successful coronavirus replication. This was particularly striking when both IRE1α and ATF6 branches of the UPR were inhibited, reducing SARS-CoV-2 virion release (~1,000-fold). Together, these data highlight the UPR as a promising antiviral target to combat coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Echavarría-Consuegra
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia M. Cook
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Idoia Busnadiego
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Lefèvre
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Keep
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Brown
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Doyle
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Krzysztof Franaszek
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan A. Moore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart G. Siddell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew E. Firth
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Brierley
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nerea Irigoyen
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Doyle N, Gainty M, Eubanks A, Doyle J, Hayes H, Tucker M, Devine K, DeCherney A, Levy M, Jahandideh S, Hill M. Donor oocyte recipients do not benefit from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy to improve pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:2548-2555. [PMID: 33057600 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do donor oocyte recipients benefit from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A)? SUMMARY ANSWER PGT-A did not improve the likelihood of live birth for recipients of vitrified donor oocytes, but it did avoid embryo transfer in cycles with no euploid embryos. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Relative to slow freeze, oocyte vitrification has led to increased live birth from cryopreserved oocytes and has led to widespread use of this technology in donor egg IVF programs. However, oocyte cryopreservation has the potential to disrupt the meiotic spindle leading to abnormal segregation of chromosome during meiosis II and ultimately increased aneuploidy in resultant embryos. Therefore, PGT-A might have benefits in vitrified donor egg cycles. In contrast, embryos derived from young donor oocytes are expected to be predominantly euploid, and trophectoderm biopsy may have a negative effect relative to transfer without biopsy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a paired cohort study analyzing donor oocyte-recipient cycles with or without PGT-A performed from 2012 to 2018 at 47 US IVF centers. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Vitrified donor oocyte cycles were analyzed for live birth as the main outcome measure. Outcomes from donors whose oocytes were used by at least two separate recipient couples, one couple using PGT-A (study group) and one using embryos without PGT-A (control group), were compared. Generalized estimating equation models controlled for confounders and nested for individual donors contributing to both PGT-A and non-PGT-A cohorts, enabling a single donor to serve as her own control. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 1291 initiated recipient cycles from 223 donors were analyzed, including 262 cycles with and 1029 without PGT-A. The median aneuploidy rate per recipient was 25%. Forty-three percent of PGT-A cycles had only euploid embryos, whereas only 12.7% of cycles had no euploid embryos. On average 1.09 embryos were transferred in the PGT-A group compared to 1.38 in the group without PGT-A (P < 0.01). Live birth occurred in 53.8% of cycles with PGT-A versus 55.8% without PGT-A (P = 0.44). Similar findings persisted in cumulative live birth from per recipient cycle. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Pooled clinical data from 47 IVF clinics introduced PGT-A heterogeneity as genetic testing were performed using different embryology laboratories, PGT-A companies and testing platforms. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS PGT-A testing in donor oocyte-recipient cycles does not improve the chance for live birth nor decrease the risk for miscarriage in the first transfer cycle but does increase cost and time for the patient. Further studies are required to test if our findings can be applied to the young infertility patient population using autologous oocytes. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No external funding was used for this study. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Doyle
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Gainty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Program, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC 28303, USA
| | - Allison Eubanks
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Doyle
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Heidi Hayes
- Donor Egg Bank USA, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Kate Devine
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alan DeCherney
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Levy
- Shady Grove Fertility Center, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | | | - Micah Hill
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Fellowship Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Combs JC, O'Brien JE, Devine K, Healy MW, Jahandideh S, DeCherney AH, Hill MJ, Doyle N. ENDOMETRIAL RECEPTIVITY ANALYSIS (ERA) FOR PATIENTS WITH PGT-A NORMAL FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFERS (FET): A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Doyle N, Rayon S, Simpson J, Hawes P, Maier HJ. Identification of sites of Infectious Bronchitis Virus RNA synthesis. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Doyle
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Selma Rayon
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pippa Hawes
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
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Doyle N, Neuman BW, Simpson J, Hawes PC, Mantell J, Verkade P, Alrashedi H, Maier HJ. Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nonstructural Protein 4 Alone Induces Membrane Pairing. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090477. [PMID: 30200673 PMCID: PMC6163833 DOI: 10.3390/v10090477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Positive-strand RNA viruses, such as coronaviruses, induce cellular membrane rearrangements during replication to form replication organelles allowing for efficient viral RNA synthesis. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a pathogenic avian Gammacoronavirus of significant importance to the global poultry industry, has been shown to induce the formation of double membrane vesicles (DMVs), zippered endoplasmic reticulum (zER) and tethered vesicles, known as spherules. These membrane rearrangements are virally induced; however, it remains unclear which viral proteins are responsible. In this study, membrane rearrangements induced when expressing viral non-structural proteins (nsps) from two different strains of IBV were compared. Three non-structural transmembrane proteins, nsp3, nsp4, and nsp6, were expressed in cells singularly or in combination and the effects on cellular membranes investigated using electron microscopy and electron tomography. In contrast to previously studied coronaviruses, IBV nsp4 alone is necessary and sufficient to induce membrane pairing; however, expression of the transmembrane proteins together was not sufficient to fully recapitulate DMVs. This indicates that although nsp4 is able to singularly induce membrane pairing, further viral or host factors are required in order to fully assemble IBV replicative structures. This study highlights further differences in the mechanism of membrane rearrangements between members of the coronavirus family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Doyle
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Benjamin W Neuman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
| | | | | | - Judith Mantell
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Hasan Alrashedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK.
| | - Helena J Maier
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
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Doyle N, Gainty M, Doyle J, Levy M, DeCherney A, Hayes H, Caswell W, Tucker M, Graham J, Lim J, Hill M. Do donor oocyte recipients benefit from preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy(PGT-A) to improve pregnancy outcomes? Fertil Steril 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.07.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Doyle N, Varela A, Haile S, Guldberg R, Kostenuik PJ, Ominsky MS, Smith SY, Hattersley G. Abaloparatide, a novel PTH receptor agonist, increased bone mass and strength in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys by increasing bone formation without increasing bone resorption. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:685-697. [PMID: 29260289 PMCID: PMC5834552 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abaloparatide, a novel PTH1 receptor agonist, increased bone formation in osteopenic ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys while increasing cortical and trabecular bone mass. Abaloparatide increased bone strength and maintained or enhanced bone mass-strength relationships, indicating preserved or improved bone quality. INTRODUCTION Abaloparatide is a selective PTH1R activator that is approved for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The effects of 16 months of abaloparatide administration on bone formation, resorption, density, and strength were assessed in adult ovariectomized (OVX) cynomolgus monkeys (cynos). METHODS Sixty-five 9-18-year-old female cynos underwent OVX surgery, and 15 similar cynos underwent sham surgery. After a 9-month period without treatments, OVX cynos were allocated to four groups that received 16 months of daily s.c. injections with either vehicle (n = 17) or abaloparatide (0.2, 1, or 5 μg/kg/day; n = 16/dose level), while Sham controls received s.c. vehicle (n = 15). Bone densitometry (DXA, pQCT, micro-CT), qualitative bone histology, serum calcium, bone turnover markers, bone histomorphometry, and bone strength were among the key measures assessed. RESULTS At the end of the 9-month post-surgical bone depletion period, just prior to the treatment phase, the OVX groups exhibited increased bone turnover markers and decreased bone mass compared with sham controls. Abaloparatide administration to OVX cynos led to increased bone formation parameters, including serum P1NP and endocortical bone formation rate. Abaloparatide administration did not influence serum calcium levels, bone resorption markers, cortical porosity, or eroded surfaces. Abaloparatide increased bone mass at the whole body, lumbar spine, tibial diaphysis, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter. Abaloparatide administration was associated with greater lumbar vertebral strength, and had no adverse effects on bone mass-strength relationships for the vertebrae, femoral neck, femoral diaphysis, or humeral cortical beams. CONCLUSIONS Abaloparatide administration was associated with increases in bone formation, bone mass and bone strength, and with maintenance of bone quality in OVX cynos, without increases in serum calcium or bone resorption parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doyle
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A Varela
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Haile
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - R Guldberg
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P J Kostenuik
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Phylon Pharma Services, Newbury Park, CA, USA
| | - M S Ominsky
- Radius Health Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - S Y Smith
- Charles River Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Hattersley
- Radius Health Inc., 950 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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Arevalo O, Valenzuela R, Esquenazi Y, Rao M, Tran B, Zhu J, Bhattacharjee M, Fonseca P, Doyle N, Riascos R. The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Practical Approach for Gliomas, Part 1. Basic Tumor Genetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3174/ng.9170230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Doyle N, Parikh T, Eubanks A, DeCherney A, Healy M, Yauger B, Csokmay J, Hill M. The effect of vaginal estradiol on live birth in preparation of the endometrium in FET cycles. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lim J, Doyle N, Stratton M, Doyle J, Graham J, DeCherney A, Hayes H, Caswell W, Levy M, Tucker M. Donor egg banking & egg efficiency: what is an optimum number per egg lot? Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Doyle N, Hill M, Doyle J, Caswell W, Lim J, Tucker M, Stratton M, Graham J, DeCherney A, Devine K, Hayes H, Levy M. PGS does not improve pregnancy outcomes in IVF cycles using vitrified donor oocytes. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Doyle N, Hill M, Caswell W, Lim J, Tucker M, Stratton M, Graham J, DeCherney A, Devine K, Hayes H, Levy M, Doyle J. Association between the number of retrieved mature donor oocytes and live birth in IVF donor recipient cycles using frozen donor eggs. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Doyle N, Richter K, Hill M, Patounakis G, Tucker M, Doyle J, Levy M. Larger donor oocyte cohorts maximize potential number of live born infants per retrieval among recipient in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Choudhury B, Dastjerdi A, Doyle N, Frossard JP, Steinbach F. From the field to the lab - An European view on the global spread of PEDV. Virus Res 2016; 226:40-49. [PMID: 27637348 PMCID: PMC7114520 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, in the family Coronaviridae, of the Nidovirales order and outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) were first recorded in England in the 1970s. Intriguingly the virus has since successfully made its way around the globe, while seemingly becoming extinct in parts of Europe before its recent return from Northern America. In this review we are re-evaluating the spread of PEDV, its biology and are looking at lessons learnt from both failure and success. While a new analysis of PEDV genomes demonstrates a wider heterogeneity of PEDV than previously anticipated with at least five rather than two genotypes, biological features of the virus and its replication also point towards credible control strategies to limit the impact of this re-emerging virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhudipa Choudhury
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Akbar Dastjerdi
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Doyle
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Frossard
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Falko Steinbach
- Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, United Kingdom.
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Humoud MN, Doyle N, Royall E, Willcocks MM, Sorgeloos F, van Kuppeveld F, Roberts LO, Goodfellow IG, Langereis MA, Locker N. Feline Calicivirus Infection Disrupts Assembly of Cytoplasmic Stress Granules and Induces G3BP1 Cleavage. J Virol 2016; 90:6489-6501. [PMID: 27147742 PMCID: PMC4936126 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00647-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In response to stress such as virus infection, cells can stall translation by storing mRNAs away in cellular compartments called stress granules (SGs). This defense mechanism favors cell survival by limiting the use of energy and nutrients until the stress is resolved. In some cases it may also block viral propagation as viruses are dependent on the host cell resources to produce viral proteins. Human norovirus is a member of the Caliciviridae family responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Previous studies on caliciviruses have identified mechanisms by which they can usurp the host translational machinery, using the viral protein genome-linked VPg, or regulate host protein synthesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Here, we examined the effect of feline calicivirus (FCV) infection on SG accumulation. We show that FCV infection impairs the assembly of SGs despite an increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2α, a hallmark of stress pathway activation. Furthermore, SGs did not accumulate in FCV-infected cells that were stressed with arsenite or hydrogen peroxide. FCV infection resulted in the cleavage of the SG-nucleating protein Ras-GTPase activating SH3 domain-binding protein (G3BP1), which is mediated by the viral 3C-like proteinase NS6(Pro) Using mutational analysis, we identified the FCV-induced cleavage site within G3BP1, which differs from the poliovirus 3C proteinase cleavage site previously identified. Finally, we showed that NS6(Pro)-mediated G3BP1 cleavage impairs SG assembly. In contrast, murine norovirus (MNV) infection did not impact arsenite-induced SG assembly or G3BP1 integrity, suggesting that related caliciviruses have distinct effects on the stress response pathway. IMPORTANCE Human noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, and it is important to understand how they interact with the infected host cell. Feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV) are used as models to understand norovirus biology. Recent studies have suggested that the assembly of stress granules is central in orchestrating stress and antiviral responses to restrict viral replication. Overall, our study provides the first insight on how caliciviruses impair stress granule assembly by targeting the nucleating factor G3BP1 via the viral proteinase NS6(Pro) This work provides new insights into host-pathogen interactions that regulate stress pathways during FCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid N Humoud
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Doyle
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Royall
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M Willcocks
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Sorgeloos
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frank van Kuppeveld
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa O Roberts
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn A Langereis
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Locker
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Doyle N, Patounakis G, Han T, Stillman R, DeCherney A, Richter K. Too much of a good thing? High motile sperm concentrations may reduce conventional insemination in vitro fertilization (CI-IVF) birth. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Royall E, Doyle N, Abdul-Wahab A, Emmott E, Morley SJ, Goodfellow I, Roberts LO, Locker N. Murine norovirus 1 (MNV1) replication induces translational control of the host by regulating eIF4E activity during infection. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:4748-4758. [PMID: 25561727 PMCID: PMC4335213 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.602649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis is a tightly controlled process responding to several stimuli, including viral infection. As obligate intracellular parasites, viruses depend on the translation machinery of the host and can manipulate it by affecting the availability and function of specific eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs). Human norovirus is a member of the Caliciviridae family and is responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks. Previous studies on feline calicivirus and murine norovirus 1 (MNV1) demonstrated that the viral protein, genome-linked (VPg), acts to direct translation by hijacking the host protein synthesis machinery. Here we report that MNV1 infection modulates the MAPK pathway to activate eIF4E phosphorylation. Our results show that the activation of p38 and Mnk during MNV1 infection is important for MNV1 replication. Furthermore, phosphorylated eIF4E relocates to the polysomes, and this contributes to changes in the translational state of specific host mRNAs. We propose that global translational control of the host by eIF4E phosphorylation is a key component of the host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Royall
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford GU2 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Doyle
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford GU2 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Azimah Abdul-Wahab
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford GU2 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Emmott
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Morley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, JMS Building, Brighton BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa O Roberts
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford GU2 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- University of Surrey, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Guildford GU2 7HX, United Kingdom.
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Parker M, DiGiacomo T, Shepherd K, Mosier K, Michael G, Doyle N. Robotic Surgery: Resident Friend or Foe? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.08.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Doyle N, Richter K, Bromer J, Hill M, Graham J, Tucker M, Stillman R. Blastocyst quality can select older patients up to and including 40 years of age for successful elective single embryo transfer (eSET). Fertil Steril 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Henry R, Hartley B, Simpson M, Doyle N. The development and evaluation of a holistic needs assessment and care planning learning package targeted at cancer nurses in the UK. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:416. [PMID: 24761157 PMCID: PMC3990662 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A project team from the United Kingdom Oncology Nursing Society developed a blended e-learning website to facilitate nurses to further develop their confidence and competencies in a range of skills related to assessing the holistic needs of people with cancer. The project team identified three areas which were integral to an holistic needs assessment (HNA) implementation project. These were project support information, project management skills, and practical competencies delivered in a blended e-learning package containing a series of accessible video presentations, supporting documents, and practical activities. The team worked with internal and external partners to ensure that a robust and inspiring programme was created. www.hnaforcancer.com was launched in October 2012 as a blended learning programme that incorporates e-learning on core subjects. These subjects are packaged as videoed presentations with supporting learning material and can be accessed via the UKONS website. By the end of the programme participants were equipped to identify and explore the essential requirements for HNA and care planning, more able to recognise potential need, and initiate care to prevent or minimise the risk of complications. Participants had also developed confidence and competency in new skills, including basic project management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Henry
- Living With and Beyond Cancer Forum, The United Kingdom Oncology Nursing Society (UKONS), London, UK
| | - B Hartley
- Living With and Beyond Cancer Forum, The United Kingdom Oncology Nursing Society (UKONS), London, UK
| | - M Simpson
- Living With and Beyond Cancer Forum, The United Kingdom Oncology Nursing Society (UKONS), London, UK
| | - N Doyle
- Living With and Beyond Cancer Forum, The United Kingdom Oncology Nursing Society (UKONS), London, UK
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Baker E, Mulreany M, O’Sullivan D, Doyle N, Rymarz E, Meegan C. DD-002 An evaluation of efficiency of the schedule of requisition deliveries from the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital (MMUH) Pharmacy Department dispensary. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Ruhstaller K, Hoffman M, Sciscione A, Doyle N. 505: Does maternal BMI impact the rate of preterm birth in women receiving 17-OH progesterone? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sandsund C, Pattison N, Doyle N, Shaw C. Finding a new normal: a grounded theory study of rehabilitation after treatment for upper gastrointestinal or gynaecological cancers - the patient's perspective. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2012; 22:232-44. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Sandsund
- Therapies Department; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; London; UK
| | - N. Pattison
- Nursing, Risk and Rehabilitation; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; Sutton; Surrey; UK
| | - N. Doyle
- Clinical Services Department; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; London; UK
| | - C. Shaw
- Therapies Department; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust; London; UK
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Shaw C, Sandsund C, Doyle N, Pattison N. 6637 POSTER Rehabilitation for Patients With Uppergastrointestinal or Gynaecological Cancers – the Patient's Perspective. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Gerondopoulos A, Jackson T, Monaghan P, Doyle N, Roberts LO. Murine norovirus-1 cell entry is mediated through a non-clathrin-, non-caveolae-, dynamin- and cholesterol-dependent pathway. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1428-38. [PMID: 20147520 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.016717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For many viruses, endocytosis and exposure to the low pH within acidic endosomes is essential for infection. It has previously been reported that feline calicivirus uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis for entry into mammalian cells. Here, we report that infection of RAW264.7 macrophages by the closely related murine norovirus-1 (MNV-1) does not require the clathrin pathway, as infection was not inhibited by expression of dominant-negative Eps15 or by knockdown of the adaptin-2 complex. Further, infection was not inhibited by reagents that raise endosomal pH. RAW264.7 macrophages were shown not to express caveolin, and flotillin depletion did not inhibit infection, suggesting that caveolae and the flotillin pathway are not required for cell entry. However, MNV-1 infection was inhibited by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and the dynamin inhibitor, dynasore. Addition of these drugs to the cells after a period of virus internalization did not inhibit infection, suggesting the involvement of cholesterol-sensitive lipid rafts and dynamin in the entry mechanism. Macropinocytosis (MPC) was shown to be active in RAW264.7 macrophages (as indicated by uptake of dextran) and could be blocked by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA), which is reported to inhibit this pathway. However, infection was enhanced in the presence of EIPA. Similarly, actin disruption, which also inhibits MPC, resulted in enhanced infection. These results suggest that MPC could contribute to virus degradation or that inhibition of MPC could lead to the upregulation of other endocytic pathways of virus uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gerondopoulos
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Moore S, Doyle N, Biggerstaff B. Audit of a support group for people affected by mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(10)70084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oestergaard S, Rasmussen KE, Doyle N, Varela A, Chouinard L, Smith SY, Qvist P, Karsdal MA. Evaluation of Cartilage and Bone Degradation in a Murine Collagen Antibody-induced Arthritis Model. Scand J Immunol 2008; 67:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.02060.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oestergaard S, Chouinard L, Doyle N, Karsdal MA, Smith SY, Qvist P, Tankó LB. The utility of measuring C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type II (CTX-II) in serum and synovial fluid samples for estimation of articular cartilage status in experimental models of destructive joint diseases. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:670-9. [PMID: 16500121 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and validate a novel, enzyme-linked immunoassay for measuring cross-linked dimer forms of C-terminal telopeptides of type II collagen (CTX-II) in serum and synovial fluid of rodents, and investigate whether CTX-II measurements can reflect joint status in two established animal models of destructive joint diseases. METHODS Firstly, the specificity, in vivo validity, antigen recovery, and reproducibility of the assay were investigated. Secondly, we induced arthritis in rats using either bovine collagen type II or mono-iodoacetate. CTX-II levels were measured in the serum and synovial fluid of the affected femoro-tibial joint and correlated with microscopic severity of joint lesions as determined by validated scoring systems. RESULTS The F4601 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is highly specific for the EKGPDP sequence at the CTX-II. Strong CTX-II signals were detected during enzymatic degradation of articular cartilage explants by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 or MMP-13. The assay presented a good degree of precision and reproducibility (inter- and intra-assay CVs< 8.0%). In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, the assay indicated markedly increased levels of CTX-II in both the synovial fluid and the serum. Furthermore, CTX-II levels in both the synovial fluid (r = 0.76; P < 0.0001) and the serum (r = 0.85; P < 0.0001) showed strong correlations with the microscopic severity scores of joint lesions at Day 22. In the mono-iodoacetate-induced arthritis (MIA) model, CTX-II concentration in the synovial fluid (r = 0.53; P < 0.0001), but not in the serum, correlated with the microscopic severity score. CONCLUSIONS The Preclinical CTX-II assay could provide a useful supplement to currently available methods for the non-invasive assessment of cartilage status. The utility of serum CTX-II to reflect joint status appeared to be limited to systemic forms of destructive joint diseases.
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Leung KC, Doyle N, Ballesteros M, Sjogren K, Watts CKW, Low TH, Leong GM, Ross RJM, Ho KKY. Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:1016-21. [PMID: 12552091 PMCID: PMC298718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0337600100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral estrogen administration attenuates the metabolic action of growth hormone (GH) in humans. To investigate the mechanism involved, we studied the effects of estrogen on GH signaling through Janus kinase (JAK)2 and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) in HEK293 cells stably expressing the GH receptor (293GHR), HuH7 (hepatoma) and T-47D (breast cancer) cells. 293GHR cells were transiently transfected with an estrogen receptor-alpha expression plasmid and luciferase reporters with binding elements for STAT3 and STAT5 or the beta-casein promoter. GH stimulated the reporter activities by four- to sixfold. Cotreatment with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the response of all three reporters to GH to a maximum of 49-66% of control at 100 nM (P < 0.05). No reduction was seen when E(2) was added 1-2 h after GH treatment. Similar inhibitory effects were observed in HuH7 and T-47D cells. E(2) suppressed GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect attenuated by actinomycin D, suggesting a requirement for gene expression. Next, we investigated the role of the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in E(2) inhibition. E(2) increased the mRNA abundance of SOCS-2 but not SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 in HEK293 cells. The inhibitory effect of E(2) was absent in cells lacking SOCS-2 but not in those lacking SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. In conclusion, estrogen inhibits GH signaling, an action mediated by SOCS-2. This paper provides evidence for regulatory interaction between a sex steroid and the GHJAKSTAT pathway, in which SOCS-2 plays a central mechanistic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Leung
- Pituitary Research Unit and Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia.
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Mabile L, Piolot A, Boulet L, Fortin LJ, Doyle N, Rodriguez C, Davignon J, Blache D, Lussier-Cacan S. Moderate intake of n-3 fatty acids is associated with stable erythrocyte resistance to oxidative stress in hypertriglyceridemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74:449-56. [PMID: 11566642 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.4.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The important triacylglycerol-lowering capacity of n-3 fatty acids is counterbalanced by their inherent sensitivity to oxidation. Inconsistent results about the latter have been reported in hypertriglyceridemic individuals. After incorporation into cell membranes, n-3 fatty acids may alter membrane-related functions. In view of the distinct composition of hypertriglyceridemic membranes and the prooxidant status in this condition, it can be surmised that cell enrichment with the oxidizable n-3 fatty acids will be associated with an increased hemolytic process. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of fish oil consumption on n-3 fatty acid incorporation into erythrocyte membranes and subsequent ex vivo oxidative-stress-induced hemolysis in normotriglyceridemic and hypertriglyceridemic subjects. DESIGN Sixteen normotriglyceridemic and 12 hypertriglyceridemic subjects were given 6 g fish oil/d for 8 wk. Blood samples were collected before and 4 and 8 wk after treatment. Resistance to 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis was assayed in fresh erythrocyte suspensions, and erythrocyte samples were stored at -70 degrees C for later analysis of cholesterol, hemoglobin, fatty acids, vitamin E, and glutathione peroxidase activity. RESULTS Fish oil supplementation induced n-3 fatty acid incorporation in normotriglyceridemic and hypertriglyceridemic erythrocyte membranes without decreasing their resistance to AAPH. n-3 Fatty acids significantly protected normotriglyceridemic but not hypertriglyceridemic erythrocytes against hemolysis. In normotriglyceridemic subjects only, the higher resistance to hemolysis correlated with changes in cell vitamin E. CONCLUSION Although they exhibit a high susceptibility to oxidation, n-3 fatty acids may preserve membrane integrity and represent an added benefit in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mabile
- Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ross RJ, Leung KC, Maamra M, Bennett W, Doyle N, Waters MJ, Ho KK. Binding and functional studies with the growth hormone receptor antagonist, B2036-PEG (pegvisomant), reveal effects of pegylation and evidence that it binds to a receptor dimer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1716-23. [PMID: 11297608 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.4.7403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GH actions are dependent on receptor dimerization. The GH receptor antagonist, B2036-PEG, has been developed for treating acromegaly. B2036 has mutations in site 1 to enhance receptor binding and in site 2 to block receptor dimerization. Pegylation (B2036-PEG) increases half-life and lowers immunogenicity, but high concentrations are required to control insulin-like growth factor-I levels. We examined antagonist structure and function and the impact of pegylation on biological efficacy. Unpegylated B2036 had a 4.5-fold greater affinity for GH binding protein (GHBP) than GH but similar affinity for membrane receptor. Pegylation substantially reduced membrane binding affinity and receptor antagonism, as assessed by a transcription assay, by 39- and 20-fold, respectively. GHBP reduced antagonist activity of unpegylated B2036 but did not effect antagonism by B2036-PEG. B2036 down-regulated receptors, and membrane binding sites doubled in the presence of dimerization-blocking antibodies, suggesting that B2036 binds to a receptor dimer. It is concluded that the high concentration requirement of B2036-PEG for clinical efficacy relates to pegylation, which decreases binding to membrane receptor but has the advantages of reduced clearance, immunogenicity, and interactions with GHBP. Our studies suggest that B2036 binds to a receptor dimer and induces internalization but not signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Ross
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Sheffield University, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom.
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Leung KC, Doyle N, Ballesteros M, Waters MJ, Ho KK. Insulin regulation of human hepatic growth hormone receptors: divergent effects on biosynthesis and surface translocation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:4712-20. [PMID: 11134133 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.12.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin modulates the biological actions of GH, but little is known about its effect on human hepatic GH receptors (GHRs). Using the human hepatoma cell line HuH7 as a model, we investigated insulin regulation of total, intracellular, and cell surface GHRs and receptor biosynthesis and turnover. Insulin up-regulated total and intracellular GHRs in a concentration-dependent manner. It increased surface GHRs in a biphasic manner, with a peak response at 10 nmol/L, and modulated GH-induced Janus kinase-2 phosphorylation in parallel with expression of surface GHRs. The abundance of GHR messenger ribonucleic acid and protein, as assessed by RT-PCR and Western analysis, respectively, markedly increased with insulin treatment. To examine whether insulin regulates GHRs at the posttranslational level, its effects on receptor surface translocation and internalization were investigated. Insulin suppressed surface translocation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas internalization was unaffected. Moreover, insulin actions on total GHRs and surface translocation were inhibited by PD98059 and wortmannin, respectively. In conclusion, insulin regulates hepatic GHR biosynthesis and surface translocation in a reciprocal manner, with surface receptor availability the net result of the divergent effects. The divergent actions of insulin appear to be mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Leung
- Pituitary Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
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Abstract
GH forms a high Mr complex in rat serum distinct from that with GH-binding protein (GHBP). The present study investigates the nature of this complex. When subjected to AcA44 filtration chromatography, 125I-labeled human GH (hGH) in rat serum eluted in four peaks. Peak 1 eluted at the void volume, whereas peaks 2, 3, and 4 corresponded to the GHBP complex, free hGH, and iodide, respectively. Stripping of GHBP in serum by immunoaffinity chromatography depleted peak 2 but did not affect peak 1. Peak 1 accounted for 11.4 +/- 1.2% of the total radioactivity (mean +/- SEM; n = 6) in stripped serum. Addition of unlabeled hGH (0.9-9 microM) demonstrated the binding of [125I]hGH to be specific, with Scatchard analysis revealing an affinity of 0.88 +/- 0.03 x 10(5) M(-1)(n = 3)and a capacity of 2.46 +/- 0.14 microM. Sepharose CL-6B filtration chromatography showed the complex to be 260 kDa in size. The distribution of GH binding to GHBP and this high Mr serum factor was investigated by incubating [125I]hGH in sera containing a low (5 nM) and a high (35 nM) concentration of GHBP over a range of physiological GH concentrations. In sera containing a low concentration of GHBP, the proportion of GH complexed in peak 1 increased with increasing GH concentrations. In sera with a high concentration of GHBP, GH was complexed mainly in peak 2. Studies with normal rat sera revealed that more GH was complexed in peak 1 in male than in female rats (3.4 +/- 0.4% and 1.4 +/- 0.1%, respectively; P < 0.006), in contrast to that of peak 2 (1.1 +/- 0.2% and 7.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively; P < 0.002). In summary, we provide strong evidence for the existence of a factor in rat serum that binds GH with low affinity and high capacity. It has a Mr of approximately 240 kDa, assuming a 1:1 binding stoichiometry, and is immunologically distinct from GHBP. This factor may provide supplementary capacity for GH binding when binding to GHBP is saturated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Leung
- Pituitary Research Unit, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Morris JN, Fiatarone M, Kiely DK, Belleville-Taylor P, Murphy K, Littlehale S, Ooi WL, O'Neill E, Doyle N. Nursing rehabilitation and exercise strategies in the nursing home. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999; 54:M494-500. [PMID: 10568531 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/54.10.m494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate how weight training or nursing-based rehabilitative care programs in nursing homes impact on resident performance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and objectives tests of physical performance. METHODS This study involved a quasi-experimental control, longitudinal comparison of functional status over a 10-month period, where baseline status was adjusted through a weighting procedure based on functional status, cognitive status, and age. All residents from six residential care nursing home facilities were eligible except those with a terminal prognosis, a projected stay of less than 90 days, or with health complications that prohibited contact. Homes were placed into matched triplets based on patient characteristics: two members of each triplet were randomly designated to be experimental sites, the third became the control site. Baseline data were available for 468 subjects, follow-up for 392. ADL self-performance measures derived from the Minimum Data Set, including indicators of early loss ADL, locomotion, and late loss ADL; a number of objective functional tests (including measures of balance, power, and endurance); and mood state as measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS Mean ADL values in the two experimental groups declined at a significantly lower rate than did rates for the controls. Functional decline was also lower in more specific measures: locomotion, early loss ADL, and late loss ADL. CONCLUSIONS With both interventions, facilities were able to implement a broad-based intervention that resulted in a significant reduction in ADL decline rates. A facility-wide nursing rehabilitation program can play a useful role in reversing functional decline, helping residents to maintain their involvement in a broad spectrum of ADL activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Morris
- The Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged Research and Training Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02131, USA.
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Abstract
TOPIC A successful attempt to reduce aggressive behaviors and counter aggressive staff interventions, including seclusion and restraint, in a child psychiatric hospital. PURPOSE To offer a model for reducing violence within child psychiatric facilities. SOURCES The agency in which this project was carried out was a 50-place public child psychiatric hospital affiliated with an urban university. Discussion includes the strategies utilized including utilization of practice-based research, assessment of the level of aggression within the agency, change in staff perception about the use of coercive interventions to manage behavior, revision of the behavior management program and of policies relating to crisis events, and increased involvement of families. CONCLUSIONS This experience in reducing aggression within the hospital validates theory that suggests that violence within institutions is context-based, involving patients, staff, and the institutional climate. The authors believe that the outcomes support the proposition that the use of coercion is determined more by traditions of practice and the mindset of the staff than by clinical necessity, and that its use can be significantly reduced by organization interventions.
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Doyle N, Strike P. The spectra of base substitutions induced by the impCAB, mucAB and umuDC error-prone DNA repair operons differ following exposure to methyl methanesulfonate. Mol Gen Genet 1995; 247:735-41. [PMID: 7616965 DOI: 10.1007/bf00290405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have used the lacZ reversion assay to study the mutation spectra induced by the Escherichia coli chromosomal umuDC operon and of its two plasmid-borne analogues impCAB and mucAB following exposure of cells to UV light and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). We have shown that the impCAB, mucAB and umuDC operons all produce a similar response to UV light which results almost exclusively in AT-->GC transitions. However, we found that the three operons produced different responses to alkylating agents. We found that with MMS the chromosomal umuDC operon produced almost exclusively AT-->GC transitions, whilst both mucAB and impCAB produced predominantly transversions. In the case of the impCAB operon the mutation spectrum contained more AT-->TA than GC-->TA transversions; this balance was reversed with mucAB. The effect of the copy number of the error-prone DNA repair operons upon the mutagenic spectra was also studied. The results obtained suggest that the copy number of the imp operon does not greatly affect the specificity of base substitutions observed. However, an increase in the copy number of the umuDC operon greatly affected the specificity of base substitution, such that virtually no transitions were produced and the spectrum was dominated by GC/AT-->TA transversions. It appears that the three error-prone DNA repair operons impCAB, mucAB and umuDC, despite showing strong structural and functional homologies, can display major differences in the spectrum of base changes induced during mutagenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- N Doyle
- University of Liverpool, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Donnan Laboratories, UK
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Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Doyle N, Clements KM, Roberts SB, Kehayias JJ, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. The Boston FICSIT study: the effects of resistance training and nutritional supplementation on physical frailty in the oldest old. J Am Geriatr Soc 1993; 41:333-7. [PMID: 8440860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06714.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that lower extremity muscle weakness in the elderly is consistently related to impaired mobility and fall risk. Reversible components of the muscle weakness of aging include underuse syndromes and undernutrition, both of which are prevalent in nursing home populations. The Boston FICSIT study is a nursing home-based intervention to improve muscle strength through progressive resistance training of the lower extremities and/or multi-nutrient supplementation in chronically institutionalized subjects aged 70-100. Baseline measurements of falls, medical status, psychological variables, functional status, nutritional intake and status, body composition, muscle mass and morphology, muscle function, and gait and balance are taken. The nursing home residents are then randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups for 10 weeks: (1) high intensity progressive resistance training of the hip and knee extensors 3 days per week; (2) multi-nutrient supplementation with a 360-kcal high carbohydrate, low fat liquid supplement every day; (3) a combination of groups (1) and (2); and (4) a control group. Both non-supplemented groups receive a liquid placebo every day, and both non-exercising groups attend three sessions of "leisure activities" every week in order to control for the attentional aspects of the exercise and nutritional interventions. At the end of the 10-week period, all baseline measurements are re-assessed.
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Bjarnason GA, Kerr IG, Doyle N, Macdonald M, Sone M. Phase I study of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin by a 14-day circadian infusion in metastatic adenocarcinoma patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993; 33:221-8. [PMID: 8269603 DOI: 10.1007/bf00686220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Initial experimental and clinical studies have indicated that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) toxicity can be reduced by delivering 5-FU at around 4 a.m. More recent data have suggested that the toxicity might be reduced even more with delivery at around 9-10 p.m. The current study determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for 5-FU and leucovorin (LV) delivered as a continuous circadian infusion over 14 days every 28 days, with the peak of the infusion occurring at around 3-4 a.m. The peak drug delivery was shifted to 9-10 p.m. in all patients developing toxicity of > or = grade II (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) to determine if this timing further reduced toxicity and enabled increased dose intensity. A total of 14 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma received an admixture of 5-FU and LV via a programmable portable infusion pump, with 62.5% of the 24-h dose being given over 7 h around the infusion peak. The starting dose level of 5-FU (200 mg/m2 daily) and LV (5 mg/m2 daily) was that established as the highest tolerable dose rate in a previously reported phase I study using a 14-day flat infusion of 5-FU and LV. The LV dose was first escalated to 20 mg/m2 daily, followed by escalations of the 5-FU dose. A total of 51 courses were evaluable for toxicity. The dose-limiting toxicity was oral mucositis and hand-foot syndrome. More dose intensity could be delivered using a circadian infusion peaking at around 3-4 a.m. than was possible with a flat infusion of these drugs. Toxicity was reduced even further with peak drug delivery at around 9-10 p.m. The recommended dose for phase II studies using this schedule is 250 mg/m2 5-FU daily and 20 mg/m2 LV daily with the peak of the infusion occurring at 9-10 p.m. This is a 300% and 25% higher dose for LV and 5-FU, respectively, than was found to be safe for a flat infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology, Toronto Bayview Regional Cancer Center, Ontario, Canada
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Sedgwick SG, Lodwick D, Doyle N, Crowne H, Strike P. Functional complementation between chromosomal and plasmid mutagenic DNA repair genes in bacteria. Mol Gen Genet 1991; 229:428-36. [PMID: 1658597 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The umuDC operons of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and the analogous plasmid operons mucAB and impCAB have been previously characterized in terms of their roles in DNA repair and induced mutagenesis by radiation and many chemicals. The interrelationships of these mutagenic DNA repair operons were examined in vivo in functional tests of interchangeability of operon subunits in conferring UV resistance and UV mutability phenotypes to wild-type S. typhimurium and umu mutants of E. coli. This approach was combined with DNA and protein sequence comparisons between the four operons and a fifth operon, samAB, from the S. typhimurium LT2 cryptic plasmid. Components of the E. coli and S. typhimurium umu operons were reciprocally interchangeable whereas impCA and mucA could not function with umuC in either of these species. mucA and impB could also combine to give a mutagenic response to UV. These active combinations were associated with higher degrees of conservation of protein sequence than in other heterologous gene combinations and related to specific regions of sequence that may specify subunit interactions. The dominance of the E. coli umuD44 mutation over umuD was revealed in both wild-type E. coli and S. typhimurium and also demonstrated against impCAB. Finally interspecies transfer showed that the apparently poor activity of the S. typhimurium umuD gene in situ is not the result of an inherent defect in umuD but is due to the simultaneous presence of the S. typhimurium umuC sequence. It is suggested that the limitation of umuD activity by umuC in S. typhimurium is the basis of the poor induced mutability of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Sedgwick
- Genetics Division, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK
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Sorensen G, Rosen A, Pinney J, Rudolph J, Doyle N. Work-site smoking policies in small businesses. J Occup Med 1991; 33:980-4. [PMID: 1744747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of workers in the United States are employed in small businesses. This study describes the experiences of small work sites in implementing policies restricting smoking. In the fall of 1987, we surveyed by telephone 216 work sites employing 120 or fewer persons. Compared with companies without policies, companies with policies were larger and reported having fewer smokers and more management support for smoking policies. Seventy-three percent of work sites without a smoking policy said they would be very likely to implement a policy if it were required by law; 42% of work sites with a policy reported offering smoking cessation assistance to their employees. Overall satisfaction and compliance with the smoking policy was high among work sites with a policy. The findings of this study have key implications for other small businesses considering implementing a smoking policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sorensen
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655
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Intagliata J, Doyle N. Enhancing social support for parents of developmentally disabled children: training in interpersonal problem solving skills. Ment Retard 1984; 22:4-11. [PMID: 6206374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Cowan MJ, Ammann AJ, Wara DW, Howie VM, Schultz L, Doyle N, Kaplan M. Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. Pediatrics 1978; 62:721-7. [PMID: 31592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By using indirect hemagglutination, the antibody responses of normal infants and children to an octavalent pneumococcal vaccine that contained pneumococcal polysaccharide types 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19, and 23 were evaluated. By 2 years of age, there was a significant rise in hemagglutination titers to all the polysaccharide types, except type 19. By 6 to 8 months of age, five of the eight types of pneumococcal polysaccharides tested resulted in up to 60% responders and, by 2 years, a significant number responded to all pneumococcal polysaccharide types in the vaccine. Pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3 resulted in a significant antibody response as early as 3 months of age, whereas type 19 never resulted in a significant antibody response. Except for type 3, it seemed that when the other pneumococcal polysaccharides tested produced an antibody response, the degree of resonse did not subsequently change significantly with increasing age. The relationship of antibody response to age for pneumococcal polysaccharides is similar to that found for other polysaccharide vaccines. Based on the results of our study, we would recommend immunization with pneumococcal vaccine at 6 months of age with repeat immunization at 2 years of age, especially in high-risk children.
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