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Steffin D, Ghatwai N, Montalbano A, Rathi P, Courtney AN, Arnett AB, Fleurence J, Sweidan R, Wang T, Zhang H, Masand P, Maris JM, Martinez D, Pogoriler J, Varadarajan N, Thakkar SG, Lyon D, Lapteva N, Mei Z, Patel K, Lopez-Terrada D, Ramos C, Lulla P, Armaghany T, Grilley BJ, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS, Heslop HE, Brenner MK, Sumazin P, Heczey A. Interleukin-15-armored GPC3-CAR T cells for patients with solid cancers. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4103623. [PMID: 38645165 PMCID: PMC11030543 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4103623/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL15) promotes the survival of T lymphocytes and enhances the antitumor properties of CAR T cells in preclinical models of solid neoplasms in which CAR T cells have limited efficacy1-4. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is expressed in a group of solid cancers5-10, and here we report the first evaluation in humans of the effects of IL15 co-expression on GPC3-CAR T cells. Cohort 1 patients (NCT02905188/NCT02932956) received GPC3-CAR T cells, which were safe but produced no objective antitumor responses and reached peak expansion at two weeks. Cohort 2 patients (NCT05103631/NCT04377932) received GPC3-CAR T cells that co-expressed IL15 (15.CAR), which mediated significantly increased cell expansion and induced a disease control rate of 66% and antitumor response rate of 33%. Infusion of 15.CAR T cells was associated with increased incidence of cytokine release syndrome, which was rapidly ameliorated by activation of the inducible caspase 9 safety switch. Compared to non-responders, tumor-infiltrating 15.CAR T cells from responders showed repression of SWI/SNF epigenetic regulators and upregulation of FOS and JUN family members as well as genes related to type I interferon signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that IL15 increases the expansion, intratumoral survival, and antitumor activity of GPC3-CAR T cells in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steffin
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Antonino Montalbano
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Purva Rathi
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Azlann B Arnett
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Julien Fleurence
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramy Sweidan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Thao Wang
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Prakash Masand
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John M Maris
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Navin Varadarajan
- William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Deborah Lyon
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Natasha Lapteva
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhuyong Mei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Kalyani Patel
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Carlos Ramos
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Premal Lulla
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Tannaz Armaghany
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Bambi J Grilley
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andras Heczey
- Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Texas Children’s Hospital Liver Tumor Program, Houston, Texas
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Heczey A, Xu X, Courtney AN, Tian G, Barragan GA, Guo L, Amador CM, Ghatwai N, Rathi P, Wood MS, Li Y, Zhang C, Demberg T, Di Pierro EJ, Sher AC, Zhang H, Mehta B, Thakkar SG, Grilley B, Wang T, Weiss BD, Montalbano A, Subramaniam M, Xu C, Sachar C, Wells DK, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS. Author Correction: Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: updated phase 1 trial interim results. Nat Med 2024; 30:1210. [PMID: 38195754 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel A Barragan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Martinez Amador
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Purva Rathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Sher
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birju Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Biostatistics and Data Management Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Heczey A, Xu X, Courtney AN, Tian G, Barragan GA, Guo L, Amador CM, Ghatwai N, Rathi P, Wood MS, Li Y, Zhang C, Demberg T, Di Pierro EJ, Sher AC, Zhang H, Mehta B, Thakkar SG, Grilley B, Wang T, Weiss BD, Montalbano A, Subramaniam M, Xu C, Sachar C, Wells DK, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS. Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: updated phase 1 trial interim results. Nat Med 2023; 29:1379-1388. [PMID: 37188782 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) have anti-tumor properties that can be enhanced by chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Here we report updated interim results from the first-in-human phase 1 evaluation of autologous NKTs co-expressing a GD2-specific CAR with interleukin 15 (IL15) (GD2-CAR.15) in 12 children with neuroblastoma (NB). The primary objectives were safety and determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The anti-tumor activity of GD2-CAR.15 NKTs was assessed as a secondary objective. Immune response evaluation was an additional objective. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred; one patient experienced grade 2 cytokine release syndrome that was resolved by tocilizumab. The MTD was not reached. The objective response rate was 25% (3/12), including two partial responses and one complete response. The frequency of CD62L+NKTs in products correlated with CAR-NKT expansion in patients and was higher in responders (n = 5; objective response or stable disease with reduction in tumor burden) than non-responders (n = 7). BTG1 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 1) expression was upregulated in peripheral GD2-CAR.15 NKTs and is a key driver of hyporesponsiveness in exhausted NKT and T cells. GD2-CAR.15 NKTs with BTG1 knockdown eliminated metastatic NB in a mouse model. We conclude that GD2-CAR.15 NKTs are safe and can mediate objective responses in patients with NB. Additionally, their anti-tumor activity may be enhanced by targeting BTG1. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03294954 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel A Barragan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Martinez Amador
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Purva Rathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Sher
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birju Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Biostatistics and Data Management Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Heczey A, Courtney AN, Montalbano A, Robinson S, Liu K, Li M, Ghatwai N, Dakhova O, Liu B, Raveh-Sadka T, Chauvin-Fleurence CN, Xu X, Ngai H, Di Pierro EJ, Savoldo B, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS. Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: an interim analysis. Nat Med 2020; 26:1686-1690. [PMID: 33046868 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Vα24-invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells have shown potent anti-tumor properties in murine tumor models and have been linked to favorable outcomes in patients with cancer. However, low numbers of these cells in humans have hindered their clinical applications. Here we report interim results from all three patients enrolled on dose level 1 in a phase 1 dose-escalation trial of autologous NKT cells engineered to co-express a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) with interleukin-15 in children with relapsed or resistant neuroblastoma (NCT03294954). Primary and secondary objectives were to assess safety and anti-tumor responses, respectively, with immune response evaluation as an additional objective. We ex vivo expanded highly pure NKT cells (mean ± s.d., 94.7 ± 3.8%) and treated patients with 3 × 106 CAR-NKT cells per square meter of body surface area after lymphodepleting conditioning with cyclophosphamide/fludarabine (Cy/Flu). Cy/Flu conditioning was the probable cause for grade 3-4 hematologic adverse events, as they occurred before CAR-NKT cell infusion, and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. CAR-NKT cells expanded in vivo, localized to tumors and, in one patient, induced an objective response with regression of bone metastatic lesions. These initial results suggest that CAR-NKT cells can be expanded to clinical scale and safely applied to treat patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Simon Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ka Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingmei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olga Dakhova
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ho Ngai
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Nawas AF, Kanchwala M, Thomas-Jardin SE, Dahl H, Daescu K, Bautista M, Anunobi V, Wong A, Meade R, Mistry R, Ghatwai N, Bayerl F, Xing C, Delk NA. IL-1-conferred gene expression pattern in ERα + BCa and AR + PCa cells is intrinsic to ERα - BCa and AR - PCa cells and promotes cell survival. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:46. [PMID: 31959131 PMCID: PMC6971947 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast (BCa) and prostate (PCa) cancers are hormone receptor (HR)-driven cancers. Thus, BCa and PCa patients are given therapies that reduce hormone levels or directly block HR activity; but most patients eventually develop treatment resistance. We have previously reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1) inflammatory cytokine downregulates ERα and AR mRNA in HR-positive (HR+) BCa and PCa cell lines, yet the cells can remain viable. Additionally, we identified pro-survival proteins and processes upregulated by IL-1 in HR+ BCa and PCa cells, that are basally high in HR− BCa and PCa cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that IL-1 confers a conserved gene expression pattern in HR+ BCa and PCa cells that mimics conserved basal gene expression patterns in HR− BCa and PCa cells to promote HR-independent survival and tumorigenicity. Methods We performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for HR+ BCa and PCa cell lines exposed to IL-1 and for untreated HR− BCa and PCa cell lines. We confirmed expression patterns of select genes by RT-qPCR and used siRNA and/or drug inhibition to silence select genes in the BCa and PCa cell lines. Finally, we performed Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and used the gene ontology web-based tool, GOrilla, to identify signaling pathways encoded by our RNA-seq data set. Results We identified 350 genes in common between BCa and PCa cells that are induced or repressed by IL-1 in HR+ cells that are, respectively, basally high or low in HR− cells. Among these genes, we identified Sequestome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) and SRY (Sex-Determining Region Y)-Box 9 (SOX9) to be essential for survival of HR− BCa and PCa cell lines. Analysis of publicly available data indicates that p62 and SOX9 expression are elevated in HR-independent BCa and PCa sublines generated in vitro, suggesting that p62 and SOX9 have a role in acquired hormone receptor independence and treatment resistance. We also assessed HR− cell line viability in response to the p62-targeting drug, verteporfin, and found that verteporfin is cytotoxic for HR− cell lines. Conclusions Our 350 gene set can be used to identify novel therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers conserved among acquired (e.g. due to inflammation) or intrinsic HR-independent BCa and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan F Nawas
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Shayna E Thomas-Jardin
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Haley Dahl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Kelly Daescu
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Monica Bautista
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Vanessa Anunobi
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ally Wong
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Rachel Meade
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ragini Mistry
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Felix Bayerl
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center of Human Growth and Development, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nikki A Delk
- Biological Sciences Department, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, FO-1, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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6
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Tembhare PR, Ghogale S, Ghatwai N, Badrinath Y, Kunder N, Patkar NV, Bibi AR, Chatterjee G, Arora B, Narula G, Banawali S, Deshpande N, Amare P, Gujral S, Subramanian PG. Evaluation of new markers for minimal residual disease monitoring in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: CD73 and CD86 are the most relevant new markers to increase the efficacy of MRD 2016; 00B: 000-000. Cytometry B Clin Cytom 2016; 94:100-111. [PMID: 27718302 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a popular technique for minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis. However, its applicability is still limited to 90% of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCPALL) due to two major issues, i.e. a proportion of cases do not express adequate leukemia associated immunophenotype (LAIPs) with currently used markers and drug-induced antigen modulation. Hence, the incorporation of additional reliable markers is required for the further improvement of MFC-based MRD evaluation. We studied the utility of new markers in improvising MFC-based MRD detection in BCPALL. METHODS Expression-patterns of six new markers, i.e. CD24, CD44, CD72, CD73, CD86, and CD200 were studied in leukemic-blasts from ninety childhood BCPALL patients and in hematogones from 20 uninvolved staging bone marrow (BM) and ten postinduction non-BCPALL BM samples using eight-color MFC. The utility of these new markers in the day 35 postinduction MRD evaluation was determined. RESULTS Frequencies of LAIPs of CD73, CD86, CD72, CD44, CD200, and CD24 in diagnostic samples were 76.7, 56.7, 55.6, 50, 28.9, and 20%, respectively. Differential expression of all new markers was highly significant (P < 0.01) between early (CD10+ CD19+ CD34+) hematogones, late (CD10+ CD19+ CD34-) hematogones and BCPALL blasts except between early hematogones and BCPALL blasts for CD200 (P = 0.1). In MRD-positive samples, CD73 showed the maximum (83%) frequency of LAIP and CD86 showed the highest (100%) stability of aberrant expression. Inclusion of CD73 and CD86 increased the applicability of MFC-MRD assay to 98.9% MRD samples. CONCLUSION CD73 and CD86 are the most relevant markers to incorporate in the routine MRD evaluation of BCPALL. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant R Tembhare
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Yajamanam Badrinath
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikesh Kunder
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil V Patkar
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Asma R Bibi
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Chatterjee
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Brijesh Arora
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Main Building, Ground floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaurav Narula
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Main Building, Ground floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Banawali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Center, Main Building, Ground floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Prathibha Amare
- Department of Cancer Cytogenetics, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbaim, Room 726, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Gujral
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Tata Memorial Center, Mumbai, Room 727, Hematopathology Laboratory, Annexe Building, 7th Floor, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, 400012, Mumbai, India
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