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Ibrahim Y, Basri NI, Nordin N, Mohd Jamil AA. Correction: Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Among Malaysian Women With Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Nutrigenomics Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e59300. [PMID: 38603774 PMCID: PMC11046390 DOI: 10.2196/59300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/53722.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakubu Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSerdangMalaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory ScienceFaculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria, Kaduna StateNigeria
| | - Nurul Iftida Basri
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSerdangMalaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Amilia Afzan Mohd Jamil
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesSerdangMalaysia
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Ibrahim Y, Basri NI, Nordin N, Mohd Jamil AA. Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Among Malaysian Women With Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy: Protocol for a Nutrigenomics Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53722. [PMID: 38530345 PMCID: PMC11005429 DOI: 10.2196/53722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP). The risk of developing HDP was reported to be further augmented among individuals with a vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variant. However, the reported roles of VDR variants in hypertensive disorders are inconsistent among different populations. Given the relatively higher incidence of vitamin D deficiency among Malaysian pregnant women and the high incidence of HDP in this population, we hypothesize that there may be associations between the risk of vitamin D deficiency and HDP with VDR genetic variants. OBJECTIVE This paper outlines the protocol for a study to determine the association of vitamin D status and VDR sequence variants among Malaysian pregnant women with HDP. METHODS This prospective study consists of two phases. The first phase is a cross-sectional study that will entail gathering medical records, a questionnaire survey, and laboratory testing for vitamin D status, with a planned recruitment of 414 pregnant women. The questionnaire will be utilized to assess the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. The vitamin D status will be obtained from measurement of the vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) level in the blood. The second phase is a case-control study involving a Malay ethnic cohort with vitamin D deficiency. Participants will be divided into two groups with and without HDP (n=150 per group). Genomic DNA will be extracted from the peripheral blood monocytes of participants using the Qiagen DNA blood kit, and VDR sequence variants will be determined using polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis. Sanger sequencing will then be used to sequence randomly selected samples corresponding to each identified variant to validate our PCR-HRM results. The VDR genotype and mutation frequencies of BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI will be statistically analyzed to evaluate their relationships with developing HDP. RESULTS As of December 2023, 340 subjects have been recruited for the phase 1 study, 63% of whom were determined to have vitamin D deficiency. In the phase 2 study, 50 and 22 subjects have been recruited from the control and case groups, respectively. Recruitment is expected to be completed by March 2024 and all analyses should be completed by August 2024. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of the study will identify the nonmodifiable genetic components contributing to developing vitamin D deficiency leading to HDP. This will in turn enable gaining a better understanding of the contribution of genetic variability to the development of HDP, thus providing more evidence for a need of customized vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy according to the individual variability in the response to vitamin D intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05659173; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05659173. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53722.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakubu Ibrahim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Nurul Iftida Basri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Afzan Mohd Jamil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Serdang, Malaysia
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Koay KL, Mohd Zim MA, Botross NP, Thong YK, Nordin N, Ramachandran A, See PW, Pemasiri WDRH, Chai ST, Wong YYP, Kong JY, Lim SWS, Chia PLM, Gan GCR, Cai CZ, Kok YQ, Loh HY, Su EJE, Shamsuddin AR, Md Tarekh NA, Sood S. Appendectomy and asthma: a search for an association in older subjects. Med J Malaysia 2024; 79:47-51. [PMID: 38287757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several risk factors found to be associated with postoperative complications and cancer surgery, which carry a significant morbidity risk to cancer patients. Therefore, prehabilitation is necessary to improve the functional capability and nutritional status of a patient prior to surgery, so that the patient can withstand any postoperative activity and associated deterioration. Thus, this study aims to assess the effectiveness of prehabilitation interventions on the functional status of patients with gastric and oesophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy and gastrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS An interventional study was carried out among oesophageal and gastric cancer patients who had undergone surgery at the National Cancer Institute of Malaysia. The prehabilitation process took a maximum of two weeks, depending on the patient's optimisation before surgery. The prehabilitation is based on functional capacity (ECOG performance status), muscle function (handgrip strength), cardio-respiratory function (peak flow meter) and nutritional status (calorie and protein). Postoperative outcomes are measured based on the length of hospital stay, complications, and Clavien-Dindo Classification. RESULTS Thirty-one patients were recruited to undergo a prehabilitation intervention prior to gastrectomy (n=21) and esophagectomy (n=10). Demographically, most of the cancer patients were males (67.7%) with an ideal mean of BMI (23.5±6.0). Physically, the majority of them had physical class (ASA grade) Grade 2 (67.7%), ECOG performance status of 1 (61.3%) and SGA grade B (51.6%). The functional capacity and nutritional status showed a significant improvement after one week of prehabilitation interventions: peak expiratory flow meter (p<0.001), handgrip (p<0.001), ECOG performance (p<0.001), walking distance (p<0.001), incentive spirometry (p<0.001), total body calorie (p<0.001) and total body protein (p=0.004). However, those patients who required two weeks of prehabilitation for optimization showed only significant improvement in peak expiratory flow meter (p<0.001), handgrip (p<0.001), and incentive spirometry (p<0.001). Prehabilitation is significantly associated postoperatively with the length of hospital stay (p=0.028), complications (p=0.011) and Clavien-Dindo Classification (p=0.029). CONCLUSION Prehabilitation interventions significantly increase the functional capacity and nutritional status of cancer patients preoperatively; concurrently reducing hospital stays and complications postoperatively. However, certain cancer patients might require over two weeks of prehabilitation to improve the patient's functional capacity and reduce complications postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Koay
- Hospital Serdang, Department of General Surgery, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M A Mohd Zim
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Department and Respiratory Unit, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N P Botross
- Monash University Malaysia, Department of Medicine, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Y K Thong
- Klinik Kesihatan Sungai Besi, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Nordin
- Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Department and Respiratory Unit, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A Ramachandran
- Lyell McEwin Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - P W See
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - S T Chai
- Hospital Shah Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Y Y P Wong
- Sarawak General Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - J Y Kong
- Hospital Sultan Ismail, Department of Medicine, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S W S Lim
- Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P L M Chia
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - G C R Gan
- Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Department of Orthopedics, Seremban, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - C Z Cai
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Y Q Kok
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - H Y Loh
- Hospital Townsville, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - E J E Su
- Hospital Sibu, Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | | | - S Sood
- International Medical University, Department of Surgery, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abubakar Bobbo K, Ahmad U, Chau DM, Nordin N, Abdullah S. A comprehensive review of cystic fibrosis in Africa and Asia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103685. [PMID: 37313453 PMCID: PMC10258508 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) was earlier thought to be a disease prevalent in the West among Caucasians. However, quite a number of recent studies have uncovered CF cases outside of this region, and reported hundreds of unique and novel variant forms of CFTR. Here, we discuss the evidence of CF in parts of the world earlier considered to be rare; Africa, and Asia. This review also highlighted the CFTR mutation variations and new mutations discovered in these regions. This discovery implies that the CF data from these regions were earlier underestimated. The inadequate awareness of the disease in these regions might have contributed towards the poor diagnostic facilities, under-diagnosis or/and under-reporting, and the lack of CF associated health policies. Overall, these regions have a high rate of infant, childhood and early adulthood mortality due to CF. Therefore, there is a need for a thorough investigation of CF prevalence and to identify unique and novel variant mutations within these regions in order to formulate intervention plans, create awareness, develop mutation specific screening kits and therapies to keep CF mortality at bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijat Abubakar Bobbo
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy College of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gombe State University, 760253 Gombe State, Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Umar Ahmad
- Molecular Genetics Informatics, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bauchi State University, 751105 Gadau, Nigeria
- Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), African Union Commission, P.O.Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - De-Ming Chau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
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Mansor NI, Ling KH, Rosli R, Hassan Z, Adenan MI, Nordin N. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. Attenuates Cell Damage in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line-Derived Neural-Like Cells: A Preliminary Study for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S21-S44. [PMID: 37334592 PMCID: PMC10473099 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centella asiatica (L.) (C. asiatica) is commonly known in South East and South East Asia communities for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. Besides being traditionally used to enhance memory and accelerate wound healing, its phytochemicals have been extensively documented for their neuroprotective, neuroregenerative, and antioxidant properties. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the effects of a standardized raw extract of C. asiatica (RECA) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic death in neural-like cells derived from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line. METHODS A transgenic mouse ES cell (46C) was differentiated into neural-like cells using 4-/4+ protocol with addition of all-trans retinoic acid. These cells were then exposed to H2O2 for 24 h. The effects of RECA on H2O2-induced neural-like cells were assessed through cell viability, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays, as well as neurite length measurement. The gene expression levels of neuronal-specific and antioxidant markers were assessed by RT-qPCR analysis. RESULTS Pre-treatment with H2O2 for 24 hours, in a dose-dependent manner, damaged neural-like cells as marked by a decrease in cell viability, substantial increase in intracellular ROS accumulation, and increase in apoptotic rate compared to untreated cells. These cells were used to treat with RECA. Treatment with RECA for 48 h remarkably restored cell survival and promoted neurite outgrowth in the H2O2- damaged neurons by increasing cell viability and decreasing ROS activity. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that RECA upregulated the level of antioxidant genes such as thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) of treated cells, as well as the expression level of neuronal-specific markers such as Tuj1 and MAP2 genes, suggesting their contribution in neuritogenic effect. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that RECA promotes neuroregenerative effects and exhibits antioxidant properties, suggesting a valuable synergistic activity of its phytochemical constituents, thus, making the extract a promising candidate in preventing or treating oxidative stress-associated Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing™), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ilham Adenan
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar PuncakAlam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing™), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine (ReGEN) Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage tissue engineering has evolved as one of the therapeutic strategies for cartilage defect, which relies on a large number of viable chondrocytes. Because of limited availability of cartilage and low chondrocytes yield from cartilage, the need for an improve isolation protocol for maximum yield of viable cells is a key to achieving successful clinical constructs. This study optimizes and compares different protocols for isolation of chondrocytes from cartilage. DESIGN We employed enzymatic digestion of cartilage using collagenase II and trypsin. The chondrocytes yield, growth kinetics, aggrecan, and collagen type 2 (COL2) expression were evaluated. Collagen type 1 (COL1) mRNA expression was assessed to monitor the possibility of chondrocytes dedifferentiation. RESULTS Chondrocyte yield per gram of cartilage was significantly higher (P < 0.05) using collagenase II in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) compared with 0.25% trypsin. The number of chondrocyte yield per gram was higher in cartilage digested with collagenase in HBSS compared with Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium/F12; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Chondrocytes seeded at lower densities had shorter population doubling time compared to those seeded at higher density. Protein and gene expression of chondrocyte phenotype indicates the expression of aggrecan and COL2. The expression of COL1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in passage 3 compared with primary chondrocytes. The mRNA expression of chondrocyte phenotype was similar in primary and passaged one cells. CONCLUSIONS Collagenase in HBSS yield the highest number of viable chondrocytes and the isolated cells expressed chondrocyte phenotype. This protocol can be employed to generate large number of viable chondrocytes, particularly with limited cartilage biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Alhaji Muhammad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu
Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paisal Hussin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia
Asia Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Sharida Fakurazi, Department of Human
Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tusimin M, Ahmed SME, Lee KW, Mooi CS, Noor SM, Nordin N. Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the quality and quantity of blood hematopoietic stem cells: a case-control study. Croat Med J 2021. [PMID: 34981691 PMCID: PMC8771235 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2021.62.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the quantity and quality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Methods In this case-control study, HSC were isolated from umbilical cord blood (UCB) procured at delivery from 63 mothers with GDM and 67 healthy mothers. Total nucleated cells (TNC) and CD34+ cells were quantified using BD FACSCalibur flow cytometer. The quantity and quality of stem cells were determined. Results The GDM group had lower total cord blood volume and lower number of nucleated HSC compared with healthy mothers. Regarding stem cell quantity parameters, they had significantly lower UCB volume (P = 0.041), TNC count (P = 0.022), total viable NC count (P = 0.014), and CD34+ percentage (P = 0.014). Regarding the quality of stem cells, they had significantly lower viable TNC percentage (P = 0.015). The predictors for total TNC count were longer labor duration (adjusted B coefficient [p]: 0.031 [0.046]), greater estimated blood loss (0.089 [0.005]), female neonates (12.322 [0.049]), and higher placenta weight (0.080 [0.033]). The predictors of total viable NC count were greater estimated blood loss (0.092 [0.003]), female neonates (13.16 [0.035]), and greater placenta weight (0.083 [0.026]). Conclusion The GDM group had much lower quantity and quality of UCB stem cells. Our results should be taken into consideration when drawing cord blood for unrelated stem cell banking in an obstetric unit to ensure the obtaining of optimal cord blood samples and to avoid unnecessary expenses.
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Nordin N, Hussin NS, Hanafiah A, Sulong A. Staphylococcal aureus bacteraemia: Clinical characteristic & evaluation of Prolex Staph Xtra latex agglutination test in the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Malays J Pathol 2021; 43:435-447. [PMID: 34958065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of community as well as healthcare-associated bacteraemia. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics of S. aureus bacteraemia (SAB) and to evaluate the performance of the Prolex Staph Xtra Latex agglutination test in the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS Cross-sectional study was conducted from Jun 2018 to May 2019. Isolates from first-positive peripheral blood cultures were tested with Prolex Staph Xtra Latex agglutination test, together with routine tube coagulase and DNase test. All isolates were further confirmed with Vitek2 GP. RESULTS Hundred isolates were tested with Prolex Staph Xtra Latex. Twelve isolates were excluded due to incomplete medical records. Eighty-eight isolates were analysed, yielded sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 91.7%, 98.7%, and 100%, respectively. Of these, 76 were identified as S. aureus and 12 CoNS. Seventy-six patients were included in the SAB analysis. Fifty-nine out of 76 (78.6%) had underlying comorbidities. Thirty-four percent of the episodes were considered as primary SAB. Skin and soft tissue infection were accounted for the highest source of bacteraemia, 24(31.6%). Both MRSA and MSSA bacteraemia were seen mostly among healthcare-associated bacteraemia (HCA) (7/16, 43.8% and 28/60, 46.7%). Liver cirrhosis was significantly associated with MRSA bacteraemia (P=0.048). Metastatic infection & complicated SAB were identified in 13(17.1%) and 30(39.5%) of cases, respectively. All-cause mortality was 22.4%. CONCLUSION S. aureus bacteraemia is a serious infection associated with significant metastatic complications and mortality. Prolex Staph Xtra Latex agglutination test has excellent sensitivity and specificity with 100% and 91.7% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nordin
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N S Hussin
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Hanafiah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A Sulong
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Department of Pathology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alapid AAI, Abd. Majid R, Ibraheem ZO, Mediani A, Ismail IS, Unyah NZ, Alhassan Abdullahi S, Nordin N, Nasiru Wana M, Basir R. Investigation of Andrographolide Effect on Non-Infected Red Blood Cells Using the 1H-NMR-Based Metabolomics Approach. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080486. [PMID: 34436427 PMCID: PMC8400355 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Andrographolide (AG) has been shown to have several medicinal and pharmaceutical effects, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-malarial activities. Moreover, studies to assess the pharmacological effect of AG on the metabolic changes of uninfected red blood cells (uRBCs) have not yet been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacological effects of AG compared to chloroquine (CQ) on the metabolic variations of uRBCs in vitro using a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate data analysis (MVDA). Forty-one metabolites were successfully identified by 1H-NMR. The results of the unsupervised data analysis principal component analysis (PCA) showed ideal differentiation between AG and CQ. PC1 and PC2 accounted for 71.4% and 17.7% of the explained variation, respectively, with a total variance of 89.10%. Based on S-plot and VIP values, a total of 28 and 32 metabolites were identified as biomarkers in uRBCs-AG and uRBCs-CQ, respectively. In uRBCs treated with AG, ten metabolic pathways were determined to be disturbed, including riboflavin metabolism, d-glutamate and d-glutamine metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, proline and arginine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. In contrast, in CQ-treated uRBCs, nine affected metabolic pathways were determined, which involved the same metabolic pathways for uRBCs-AG, except for glutathione metabolism. These findings suggest an evident relationship between AG and CQ associated with metabolic changes in intact RBCs after being exposed to the treatment. The metabolomics results could allow useful comprehensive insights into the underlying mechanism of the action of AG and CQ on red blood cells. Consequently, the 1H-NMR-based metabolomics approach was successfully utilized to identify the pharmacological effects of AG and CQ on the metabolic variations of uRBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.I.A.); (N.Z.U.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alasaba, University of Gharyan, Gharyan 010101, Libya
| | - Roslaini Abd. Majid
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Zaid O. Ibraheem
- Department of Pharmacy, Al Rafidain University College, Al Mustansyria, Baghdad 10052, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Natural Medicine and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ngah Zasmy Unyah
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.I.A.); (N.Z.U.)
| | - Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Nigeria;
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Nasiru Wana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-124-747-459
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Yahaya MAF, Bakar ARA, Stanslas J, Nordin N, Zainol M, Mehat MZ. Insights from molecular docking and molecular dynamics on the potential of vitexin as an antagonist candidate against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for microglial activation in neuroinflammation. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 34090414 PMCID: PMC8178909 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00697-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been identified to be the key player in most neurodegenerative diseases. If neuroinflammation is left to be unresolved, chronic neuroinflammation will be establish. Such situation is due to the overly-activated microglia which have the tendency to secrete an abundance amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the neuron microenvironment. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines will later cause toxic and death to neurons. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2 complex found on the cell surface of microglia is responsible for the attachment of LPS and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) downstream signalling pathway. Albeit vitexin has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory property, however, little is known on its ability to bind at the binding site of TLR4/MD-2 complex of microglia as well as to be an antagonist for LPS. RESULTS The present study reveals that both vitexin and donepezil are able to bind at the close proximity of LPS binding site located at the TLR4/MD-2 complex with the binding energy of - 4.35 and - 9.14 kcal/mol, respectively. During molecular dynamic simulations, both vitexin and donepezil formed stable complex with TLR4/MD-2 throughout the 100 ns time length with the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values of 2.5 Å and 4.0 Å, respectively. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) reveals that both compounds are stable. Interestingly, the radius of gyration (rGyr) for donepezil shows notable fluctuations when compare with vitexin. The MM-GBSA results showed that vitexin has higher binding energy in comparison with donepezil. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings suggest that vitexin is able to bind at the binding site of TLR4/MD-2 complex with more stability than donepezil throughout the course of 100 ns simulation. Hence, vitexin has the potential to be an antagonist candidate for LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A F Yahaya
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A R Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - J Stanslas
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Nordin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Zainol
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre (HMRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institute of Health (NIH), Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Bandar Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Z Mehat
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Nuge T, Liu X, Tshai KY, Lim SS, Nordin N, Hoque ME, Liu Z. Accelerated wound closure: Systematic evaluation of cellulose acetate effects on biologically active molecules release from amniotic fluid stem cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:906-919. [PMID: 33826152 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite a lot of intensive research on cell-scaffold interaction, the focus is mainly on the capacity of construct scaffolds to regulate cell mobility, migration, and cytotoxicity. The effect of the scaffold's topographical and material properties on the expression of biologically active compounds from stem cells is not well understood. In this study, the influence of cellulose acetate (CA) on the electrospinnability of gelatin and the roles of gelatin-cellulose acetate (Ge-CA) on modulating the release of biologically active compounds from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) is emphasized. It was found that the presence of a small amount of CA could provide a better microenvironment that mimics AFSCs' niche. However, a large amount of CA exhibited no significant effect on AFSCs migration and infiltration. Further study on the effect of surface topography and mechanical properties on AFSCs showed that the tailored microenvironment provided by the Ge-CA scaffolds had transduced physical cues to biomolecules released into the culture media. It was found that the AFSCs seeded on electrospun scaffolds with less CA proportions have profound effects on the secretion of metabolic compounds compared to those with higher CA contained and gelatin coating. The enhanced secretion of biologically active molecules by the AFSCs on the electrospun scaffolds was proven by the accelerated wound closure on the injured human dermal fibroblast (HDF) model. The rapid HDF cell migration could be anticipated due to a higher level of paracrine factors in AFSCs media. Our study demonstrates that the fibrous topography and mechanical properties of the scaffold are a key material property that modulates the high expression of biologically active compounds from the AFSCs. The discovery elucidates a new aspect of material functions and scaffolds material-AFSC interaction for regulating biomolecules release to promote tissue regeneration/repair. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the scaffolds material-AFSC interaction and the efficacy of scratch assays on quantifying the cell migration in response to the AFSCs metabolic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrin Nuge
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Kim Yeow Tshai
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Siew Shee Lim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
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12
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Chin VK, Tie TH, Abd Majid R, Hassan H, Nordin N, Abas R, Basir R. Inhibition of Activin A suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and improved histopathological conditions in malarial mice. Trop Biomed 2021; 38:187-204. [PMID: 33797545 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.1.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria infection still remains as one of the most prominent parasitic diseases afflicting mankind in tropical and subtropical regions. The severity of malaria infection has often been associated to exuberant host immune inflammatory responses that could possibly lead to severe immunopathological conditions and subsequent death of host tissues. Activin A is a protein belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family that regulates multiple physiological processes and pathological-associated diseases. The biological roles of activin A have been associated with manipulation of inflammation-related processes and modulation of host immune responses. This implies that activin A protein could play a role in malaria pathogenesis since malaria infection has been closely linked to severe immune responses leading to death, However, the actual in vivo role of activin A in malaria infection remains elusive. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of activin A in malaria infection as well as to assess the modulating effects of activin A on the cytokine releases (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10) and histopathological changes in major affected organs (kidney, liver, lung, brain and spleen) in malarial mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Our results showed that the concentrations of plasma activin A were significantly increased in malarial mice throughout the study periods. Also. the systemic activin A level was positively correlated with malaria parasitemia. This indicates that activin A could play a role in malaria pathogenesis and malaria parasitemia development. Plasma TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine levels were significantly increased in malarial mice at day-5 post infection, suggesting that these cytokines attributed to severe malaria pathogenesis. Histopathological features such as sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (pRBCs) and hemozoin formation were amongst the most common pathological conditions observed in tissues of major affected organs (kidney, liver, lung, brain and spleen) in malarial mice. Neutralization of activin A production via recombinant mouse activin RIIA Fc chimera (rmActivin RIIA Fc chimera) had significantly reduced the parasitemia levels in malarial mice. The release of TNF-α cytokine was significantly reduced as well as the sequestration of parasitized pRBCs and hemozoin formation in major affected organs in malarial mice were also alleviated following inhibition of activin A production. Overall, this preliminary study suggests that activin A could play an immune modulation role in malaria pathogenesis through modulation of TNF-α release that benefits host from severe pathological destructions provoked by intensified inflammatory responses. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanism of immune modulation mediated by activin A and its associated immune-modulation mediators in regulating the inflammatory responses elicited during the course of malaria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Chin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi Mara, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - T H Tie
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Abd Majid
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine & Health Defence, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - H Hassan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Abas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Lee HC, Hamzah H, Leong MPY, Md Yusof H, Habib O, Zainal Abidin S, Seth EA, Lim SM, Vidyadaran S, Mohd Moklas MA, Abdullah MA, Nordin N, Hassan Z, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Transient prenatal ruxolitinib treatment suppresses astrogenesis during development and improves learning and memory in adult mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3847. [PMID: 33589712 PMCID: PMC7884429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruxolitinib is the first janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2 inhibitor that was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. The drug targets the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, which is critical in regulating the gliogenesis process during nervous system development. In the study, we assessed the effect of non-maternal toxic dosages of ruxolitinib (0-30 mg/kg/day between E7.5-E20.5) on the brain of the developing mouse embryos. While the pregnant mice did not show any apparent adverse effects, the Gfap protein marker for glial cells and S100β mRNA marker for astrocytes were reduced in the postnatal day (P) 1.5 pups' brains. Gfap expression and Gfap+ cells were also suppressed in the differentiating neurospheres culture treated with ruxolitinib. Compared to the control group, adult mice treated with ruxolitinib prenatally showed no changes in motor coordination, locomotor function, and recognition memory. However, increased explorative behaviour within an open field and improved spatial learning and long-term memory retention were observed in the treated group. We demonstrated transplacental effects of ruxolitinib on astrogenesis, suggesting the potential use of ruxolitinib to revert pathological conditions caused by gliogenic-shift in early brain development such as Down and Noonan syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamizun Hamzah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melody Pui-Yee Leong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadri Md Yusof
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, International University of Malaya-Wales, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omar Habib
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Eryse Amira Seth
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siong-Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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14
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Mansor NI, Ntimi CM, Abdul-Aziz NM, Ling KH, Adam A, Rosli R, Hassan Z, Nordin N. Asymptomatic neurotoxicity of amyloid β-peptides (Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35) on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural cells. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2021; 21:98-110. [PMID: 32156249 PMCID: PMC7861624 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2020.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the strategies in the establishment of in vitro oxidative stress models for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is to induce neurotoxicity by amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in suitable neural cells. Presently, data on the neurotoxicity of Aβ in neural cells differentiated from stem cells are limited. In this study, we attempted to induce oxidative stress in transgenic 46C mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons via treatment with Aβ peptides (Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35). 46C neural cells were generated by promoting the formation of multicellular aggregates, embryoid bodies in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor, followed by the addition of all-trans retinoic acid as the neural inducer. Mature neuronal cells were exposed to different concentrations of Aβ1-42 and Aβ25-35 for 24 h. Morphological changes, cell viability, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were assessed. We found that 100 µM Aβ1-42 and 50 µM Aβ25-35 only promoted 40% and 10%, respectively, of cell injury and death in the 46C-derived neuronal cells. Interestingly, treatment with each of the Aβ peptides resulted in a significant increase of intracellular ROS activity, as compared to untreated neurons. These findings indicate the potential of using neurons derived from stem cells and Aβ peptides in generating oxidative stress for the establishment of an in vitro AD model that could be useful for drug screening and natural product studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Carolindah Makena Ntimi
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aishah Adam
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Puncak Alam Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Nordin N, Jelani DM, Mustafa M, Hussin A, Rafin NM. Pseudo outbreak of Bacillus bacteraemia associated with contaminated linen in a tertiary hospital. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Ong Y, Chin J, Hasan DN, Samat NM, Nordin N. Presumed invasive aspergillosis of the gastrointestinal tract in an immunocompetent host. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Talib MHN, Ibrahim Z, Abd Rahim N, Zulhani R, Nordin N, Farah N, Razali AM. An improved simplified rules Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller method applied for induction motor drive. ISA Trans 2020; 105:230-239. [PMID: 32475537 DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller (FLSC) has been widely used for motor drive due to its robustness and its non-reliance to real plant parameters. However, it is computationally expensive to be implemented in real-time and prone to the fuzzy rules' selection error which results in the failure of the drive's system. This paper proposes an improved simplified rules method for Fuzzy Logic Speed Controller (FLSC) based on the significant crisp output calculations to address these issues. A systematic procedure for the fuzzy rules reduction process is first described. Then, a comprehensive evaluation of the activated crisp output data is presented to determine the fuzzy dominant rules. Based on the proposed method, the number of rules was significantly reduced by 72%. The simplified FLSC rule is tested on the Induction Motor (IM) drives system in which the real-time implementation was carried out in the dSPACE DS1103 controller environment. The simulation and experimental results based on the proposed FLSC have proved the workability of the simplified rules without degrading the motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H N Talib
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Z Ibrahim
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - N Abd Rahim
- UMPEDAC, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Zulhani
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - N Nordin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Nabil Farah
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - A M Razali
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
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18
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Muhammad SA, Nordin N, Hussin P, Mehat MZ, Abu Kasim NH, Fakurazi S. Protective effects of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth derived conditioned medium on osteoarthritic chondrocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238449. [PMID: 32886713 PMCID: PMC7473555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) is still a major clinical challenge due to the limited inherent healing capacity of cartilage. Recent studies utilising stem cells suggest that the therapeutic benefits of these cells are mediated through the paracrine mechanism of bioactive molecules. The present study evaluates the regenerative effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) conditioned medium (CM) on OA chondrocytes. The CM was collected after the SHED were cultured in serum-free medium (SFM) for 48 or 72 h and the cells were characterised by the expression of MSC and pluripotency markers. Chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1β and treated with the CM. Subsequently, the expression of aggrecan, collagen type 2 (COL 2), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) and the level of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers were evaluated. SHED expressed mesenchymal stromal cell surface proteins but were negative for haematopoietic markers. SHED also showed protein expression of NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2 with differential subcellular localisation. Treatment of OA chondrocytes with CM enhanced anti-inflammation compared to control cells treated with SFM. Furthermore, the expression of MMP-13 and NF-kB was significantly downregulated in stimulated chondrocytes incubated in CM. The study also revealed that CM increased the expression of aggrecan and COL 2 in OA chondrocytes compared to SFM control. Both CM regenerate extracellular matrix proteins and mitigate increased MMP-13 expression through inhibition of NF-kB in OA chondrocytes due to the presence of bioactive molecules. The study underscores the potential of CM for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Alhaji Muhammad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paisal Hussin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Columbia Asia Hospital, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Dean’s Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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19
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Nor Hasyimah AK, Jinap S, Sanny M, Ainaatul AI, Sukor R, Jambari NN, Nordin N, Jahurul MHA. Effects of Honey-Spices Marination on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heterocyclic Amines Formation in Gas-Grilled Beef Satay. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1802302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Nor Hasyimah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S. Jinap
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. Sanny
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - A. I. Ainaatul
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. Sukor
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. N. Jambari
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Nordin
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M. H. A. Jahurul
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Abdulwanis Mohamed Z, Mohamed Eliaser E, Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Ioannides C, Abdull Razis AF. Neuroprotective Effects of 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid from Melicope lunu ankenda Leaves. Molecules 2020; 25:E3724. [PMID: 32824120 PMCID: PMC7463604 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are chronic conditions that have drawn robust interest from the scientific community. Phytotherapeutic agents are becoming an important source of chemicals for the treatment and management of NDDs. Various secondary metabolites have been isolated from Melicope lunu-ankenda plant leaves, including phenolic acid derivatives. However, their neuroprotective activity remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to elucidate the in vitro neuroprotective activity of 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid isolated from Melicope lunu-ankenda leaves. The neuroprotective activity was evaluated in differentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells by monitoring cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Moreover, the potential to impair apoptosis in differentiated cells was investigated employing the Annexin V-FITC assay, acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining, and fluorescence microscopy. Morphological assessment and ultrastructural analysis were performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the effect of 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid on surface morphology and internal features of the differentiated cells. Pre-treatment of neuronal cells with 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid significantly protected the differentiated SH-SY5Y cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis. Cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusion were similarly protected by the 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid treatment. The present findings demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells, which is an established hallmark of neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Abdulwanis Mohamed
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.A.M.); (E.M.E.)
| | - Enas Mohamed Eliaser
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.A.M.); (E.M.E.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, El-Mergib University, El Khums, Libya
| | - Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, Kaduna PMB 2339, Nigeria;
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Costas Ioannides
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (Z.A.M.); (E.M.E.)
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Ahad MA, Kumaran KR, Ning T, Mansor NI, Effendy MA, Damodaran T, Lingam K, Wahab HA, Nordin N, Liao P, Müller CP, Hassan Z. Insights into the neuropathology of cerebral ischemia and its mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:521-538. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCerebral ischemia is a result of insufficient blood flow to the brain. It leads to limited supply of oxygen and other nutrients to meet metabolic demands. These phenomena lead to brain damage. There are two types of cerebral ischemia: focal and global ischemia. This condition has significant impact on patient’s health and health care system requirements. Animal models such as transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and permanent occlusion of extracranial vessels have been established to mimic the conditions of the respective type of cerebral ischemia and to further understand pathophysiological mechanisms of these ischemic conditions. It is important to understand the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia in order to identify therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment. Here, we review the neuropathologies that are caused by cerebral ischemia and discuss the mechanisms that occur in cerebral ischemia such as reduction of cerebral blood flow, hippocampal damage, white matter lesions, neuronal cell death, cholinergic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, calcium overload, cytotoxic oedema, a decline in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), malfunctioning of Na+/K+-ATPase, and the blood-brain barrier breakdown. Altogether, the information provided can be used to guide therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Anuar Ahad
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kesevan Rajah Kumaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tiang Ning
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzati Mansor
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kamilla Lingam
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Habibah Abdul Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Section of Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
- USM-RIKEN Centre for Aging Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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22
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Alhaji SY, Nordin N, Ngai SC, Al Abbar A, Mei L, Abdullah S. Lack of methylation on transgene leads to high level and persistent transgene expression in induced pluripotent stem cells. Gene 2020; 758:144958. [PMID: 32683073 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Short-lived therapeutic gene expression in mammalian cells by DNA methylation is one of the major challenges in gene therapy. In this study, we assessed the implication of DNA methylation on the duration of GFP expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) and mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The cells were transduced with lentivirus (LV) carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by either human elongation factor (EF1α) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Transduced iPS cells exhibited higher percentage of GFP+ cells with persistent mean fluorescent intensity than transduced ES cells. Analysis on the integrated copy of transgene in the population of the transduced cells demonstrated similar copy number. However, significant increase in GFP intensity following 5-azaC treatment was observed in transduced ES cells only, suggesting the influence of DNA methylation in transgene silencing. Subsequent DNA methylation analysis showed that the promoter and the GFP region of the provirus in iPS cells had negligible methylation profile compared to transduced ES cells. Interestingly, sustained transgene expression was observed upon directed differentiation of transduced iPS cells towards CD34+ CD45+ cells. Hence, this study has shown that favourable transgene activity from lentiviral transduced iPS cells was due to the lack of methylation at the proviral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Yusuf Alhaji
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, 740272 ATBU, Nigeria; Molecular Genetics and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, 740272 ATBU, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akram Al Abbar
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lai Mei
- Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Selangor, Malaysia.
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23
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Nasiru Wana M, Mohd Moklas MA, Watanabe M, Zasmy Unyah N, Alhassan Abdullahi S, Ahmad Issa Alapid A, Nordin N, Basir R, Abd Majid R. Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Cat Faeces from Klang Valley, Malaysia, Using B1 and REP Genes in 2018. Pathogens 2020; 9:E576. [PMID: 32708648 PMCID: PMC7400314 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major route for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection is through the ingestion of foods contaminated with oocyst from cat faeces. The microscopic detection of T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces is challenging, which contributes to the failure of detecting or differentiating it from other related coccidian parasites. This study aims to detect T. gondii oocysts in cat faeces using two multicopy-target PCR assays and to evaluate their genetic diversity. Cat faecal (200) samples were collected from pet cats (PCs; 100) and free-roaming cats (FRCs; 100) within Klang Valley, Malaysia, and screened for coccidian oocysts by microscopy using Sheather's sucrose floatation. PCR assays were performed on each faecal sample, targeting a B1 gene and a repetitive element (REP) gene to confirm T. gondii oocysts. Additionally, the PCR amplicons from the REP gene were sequenced to further confirm T. gondii-positive samples for phylogenetic analysis. Microscopy detected 7/200 (3.5%) T. gondii-like oocysts, while both the B1 gene and the REP gene detected 17/200 (8.5%) samples positive for T. gondii. All samples that were microscopically positive for T. gondii-like oocysts were also shown to be positive by both B1 and REP genes. The BLAST results sequenced for 16/200 (8.0%) PCR-positive T. gondii samples revealed homology and genetic heterogeneity with T. gondii strains in the GenBank, except for only one positive sample that did not show a result. There was almost perfect agreement (k = 0.145) between the two PCR assays targeting the B1 gene and the REP gene. This is the first report on microscopic, molecular detection and genetic diversity of T. gondii from cat faecal samples in Malaysia. In addition, the sensitivities of either the B1 gene or REP gene multicopy-target PCR assays are suitable for the accurate detection of T. gondii from cat faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasiru Wana
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Malaika Watanabe
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Ngah Zasmy Unyah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.)
| | - Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano 700241, Nigeria
| | - Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alasaba, University of Gharyan, Gharyan 010101, Libya
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Roslaini Abd Majid
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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24
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Nasiru Wana M, Mohd Moklas MA, Watanabe M, Nordin N, Zasmy Unyah N, Alhassan Abdullahi S, Ahmad Issa Alapid A, Mustapha T, Basir R, Abd. Majid R. A Review on the Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Humans and Animals Reported in Malaysia from 2008-2018. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E4809. [PMID: 32635389 PMCID: PMC7369958 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Human toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in Malaysia has increased since it was first reported in 1973 as shown in previous reviews of 1991 and 2007. However, over a decade since the last review, comprehensive data on toxoplasmosis in Malaysia is lacking. This work aimed at reviewing articles on toxoplasmosis research in Malaysia in order to identify the research gaps, create public awareness, and efforts made so far and proffer management options on the disease. The present review examines the available published research articles from 2008 to 2018 related to toxoplasmosis research conducted in Malaysia. The articles reviewed were retrieved from nine credible databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Wiley online library, Ovid, and Cochrane using the keywords; Malaysia, toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasma encephalitis, seroprevalence, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, pregnant women, genotype strain, anti-toxoplasma antibodies, felines, and vaccine. The data highlighted seropositive cases from healthy community members in Pangkor Island (59.7%) and among migrant workers (57.4%) at alarming rates, as well as 42.5% in pregnant women. Data on animal seroprevalence were limited and there was no information on cats as the definitive host. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from HIV patients; pregnant women, and domestic cats is lacking. This present review on toxoplasmosis is beneficial to researchers, health workers, animal health professionals, and policymakers. Therefore, attention is required to educate and enlighten health workers and the general public about the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nasiru Wana
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, 740272 Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Malaika Watanabe
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine & Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Ngah Zasmy Unyah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University Kano, 700241 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ashraf Ahmad Issa Alapid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alasaba, University of Gharyan, 010101 Gharyan, Libya
| | - Tijjani Mustapha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.N.W.); (N.Z.U.); (S.A.A.); (A.A.I.A.); (T.M.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yobe State University Damaturu, 620101 Damaturu, Nigeria
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Roslaini Abd. Majid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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Mansor NI, Nordin N, Mohamed F, Ling KH, Rosli R, Hassan Z. Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Review on Drug Delivery Strategies for Treatment of the Central Nervous System Diseases. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:698-711. [PMID: 31456519 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190828153017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs have been designed to treat diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), especially neurodegenerative diseases. However, the presence of tight junctions at the blood-brain barrier has often compromised the efficiency of drug delivery to target sites in the brain. The principles of drug delivery systems across the blood-brain barrier are dependent on substrate-specific (i.e. protein transport and transcytosis) and non-specific (i.e. transcellular and paracellular) transport pathways, which are crucial factors in attempts to design efficient drug delivery strategies. This review describes how the blood-brain barrier presents the main challenge in delivering drugs to treat brain diseases and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of ongoing neurotherapeutic delivery strategies in overcoming this limitation. In addition, we discuss the application of colloidal carrier systems, particularly nanoparticles, as potential tools for therapy for the CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Mansor
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farahidah Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia.,IKOP Sdn. Bhd., Pilot Plant Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Faculty of Pharmacy, IIUM, Kuantan, Malaysia.,International Institute of Halal Research & Training (INHART), IIUM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - King Hwa Ling
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharida Fakurazi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | - Norshariza Nordin
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Suleiman Alhaji Muhammad
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, P.M.B 2346 Sokoto, Nigeria
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27
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Rosli R, Shaari K, Bako HY, Noor NM, Abdull Razis AF. Prospective role of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in mediating GMG-ITC to reduce cytotoxicity in H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 119:109445. [PMID: 31541852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of Glucomoringin isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) have been reported in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its neuroprotective role via mitochondrial-dependent pathway in a noxious environment remains unknown. The main objective of the present study was to unveil the mitochondrial apoptotic genes' profile and prospectively link with neuroprotective activity of GMG-ITC through its ROS scavenging. The results showed that pre-treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with 1.25 μg/mL purified isolated GMG-ITC, significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production level, compared to H2O2 control group, as evidenced by flow cytometry-based evaluation of ROS generation. Presence of GMG-ITC prior to development of oxidative stress condition, downregulated the expression of cyt-c, p53, Apaf-1, Bax, CASP3, CASP8 and CASP9 genes with concurrent upregulation of Bcl-2 gene in mitochondrial apoptotic signalling pathway. Protein Multiplex revealed significant decreased in cyt-c, p53, Apaf-1, Bax, CASP8 and CASP9 due to GMG-ITC pre-treatment in oxidative stress condition. The present findings speculated that pre-treatment with GMG-ITC may alleviate oxidative stress condition in neuronal cells by reducing ROS production level and protect the cells against apoptosis via neurodegenerative disease potential pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hauwa'u Yakubu Bako
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Noramaliza Mohd Noor
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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28
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Rosli R, Shaari K, Bako HY, Saad N, Noor NM, Abdull Razis AF. Neuroprotective effects of glucomoringin-isothiocyanate against H 2O 2-Induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:89-104. [PMID: 31521693 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are pathological conditions characterised by progressive damage of neuronal cells leading to eventual loss of structure and function of the cells. Due to implication of multi-systemic complexities of signalling pathways in NDDs, the causes and preventive mechanisms are not clearly delineated. The study was designed to investigate the potential signalling pathways involved in neuroprotective activities of purely isolated glucomoringin isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. GMG-ITC was isolated from Moringa oleifera seeds, and confirmed with NMR and LC-MS based methods. Gene expression analysis of phase II detoxifying markers revealed significant increase in the expression of all the genes involved, due to GMG-ITC pre-treatment. GMG-ITC also caused significant decreased in the expression of NF-kB, BACE1, APP and increased the expressions of IkB and MAPT tau genes in the differentiated cells as confirmed by multiplex genetic system analysis. The effect was reflected on the expressed proteins in the differentiated cells, where GMG-ITC caused increased in expression level of Nrf2, SOD-1, NQO1, p52 and c-Rel of nuclear factor erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways respectively. The findings revealed the potential of GMG-ITC to abrogate oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration through Nrf2 and NF-kB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hauwa'u Yakubu Bako
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, PMB 2339, Kaduna, Nigeria.
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noramaliza Mohd Noor
- Department of Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Nigjeh SE, Yeap SK, Nordin N, Rahman H, Rosli R. In Vivo Anti-Tumor Effects of Citral on 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells via Induction of Apoptosis and Downregulation of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183241. [PMID: 31492037 PMCID: PMC6767168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among females globally. The tumorigenic activities of cancer cells such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and differentiation have contributed to relapse and eventual mortality in breast cancer. Thus, current drug discovery research is focused on targeting breast cancer cells with ALDH activity and their capacity to form secondary tumors. Citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal), from lemon grass (Cymbopogoncitrates), has been previously reported to have a cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo effect of citral in targeting ALDH activity of breast cancer cells. BALB/c mice were challenged with 4T1 breast cancer cells followed by daily oral feeding of 50 mg/kg citral or distilled water for two weeks. The population of ALDH+ tumor cells and their capacity to form secondary tumors in both untreated and citral treated 4T1 challenged mice were assessed by Aldefluor assay and tumor growth upon cell reimplantation in normal mice, respectively. Citral treatment reduced the size and number of cells with ALDH+ activity of the tumors in 4T1-challenged BALB/c mice. Moreover, citral-treated mice were also observed with smaller tumor size and delayed tumorigenicity after reimplantation of the primary tumor cells into normal mice. These findings support the antitumor effect of citral in targeting ALDH+ cells and tumor recurrence in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyamak Ebrahimi Nigjeh
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Daneshjou Boulevard, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina street, Tehran 1366736511, Iran
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heshu Rahman
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Chaq Chaq Qularaese, Sarchinar District, Sulaimani 334, Iraq
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 334, Iraq
| | - Rozita Rosli
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Fakiruddin KS, Lim MN, Nordin N, Rosli R, Zakaria Z, Abdullah S. Targeting of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL Reveals a Prospective Role of Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091261. [PMID: 31466290 PMCID: PMC6770521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as vehicles for anti-tumor cytotherapy; however, investigation on its efficacy to target a specific cancer stem cell (CSC) population in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Using assays to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression, we investigated the efficacy of MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) to target and destroy CD133+ (prominin-1 positive) NSCLC-derived CSCs. Characterization of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) revealed that it was highly expressed in the CD133+ CSCs of both H460 and H2170 cell lines. The human MSC-TRAIL generated in the study maintained its multipotent characteristics, and caused significant tumor cell inhibition in NSCLC-derived CSCs in a co-culture. The MSC-TRAIL induced an increase in annexin V expression, an indicator of apoptosis in H460 and H2170 derived CD133+ CSCs. Through investigation of mitochondria membrane potential, we found that MSC-TRAIL was capable of inducing intrinsic apoptosis to the CSCs. Using pathway-specific gene expression profiling, we uncovered candidate genes such as NFKB1, BAG3, MCL1, GADD45A, and HRK in CD133+ CSCs, which, if targeted, might increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to MSC-TRAIL-mediated inhibition. As such, our findings add credibility to the utilization of MSC-TRAIL for the treatment of NSCLC through targeting of CD133+ CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia.
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Ibiyeye KM, Nordin N, Ajat M, Zuki ABZ. Ultrastructural Changes and Antitumor Effects of Doxorubicin/Thymoquinone-Loaded CaCO 3 Nanoparticles on Breast Cancer Cell Line. Front Oncol 2019; 9:599. [PMID: 31334120 PMCID: PMC6617642 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Combination chemotherapy of anticancer drugs is extensively being researched since it could reduce multidrug resistance and side effects as a result of lower dosage of each drug. In this study, we evaluated the effects of doxorubicin-loaded (Dox-ACNP), thymoquinone-loaded (TQ-ACNP) and a combined doxorubicin/thymoquinone-loaded cockle shell-derived aragonite calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Dox/TQ-ACNP) on breast cancer cell line and compared with their free drugs counterpart. Methods: Cell viability using MTT assay, apoptosis with Annexin V-PI kit, morphological changes using contrast light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, cell cycle analysis, invasion assay, and scratch assay were carried out. The cell viability was evaluated in breast cancer cell line (MDA MB231), normal breast cells (MDF10A) and normal fibroblast (3T3). Results: MDA MB231 IC50 dosages of drug-loaded nanoparticle were not toxic to the normal cells. The combination therapy showed enhanced apoptosis, reduction in cellular migration and invasion when compared to the single drug-loaded nanoparticle and the free drugs. Scanning electron microscope showed presence of cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, while transmission electron microscope showed nuclear fragmentation, disruption of cell membrane, apoptotic bodies, and disruption of mitochondrial cistern. Conclusion: The results from this study showed that the combined drug-loaded cockle shell-derived aragonite calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Dox/TQ-ACNP) showed higher efficacy in breast cancer cells at lower dose of doxorubicin and thymoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Muibat Ibiyeye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Zakaria Zuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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Lee HC, Md Yusof HH, Leong MPY, Zainal Abidin S, Seth EA, Hewitt CA, Vidyadaran S, Nordin N, Scott HS, Cheah PS, Ling KH. Gene and protein expression profiles of JAK-STAT signalling pathway in the developing brain of the Ts1Cje down syndrome mouse model. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:871-881. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1580280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chung Lee
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadri Hadi Md Yusof
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melody Pui-Yee Leong
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eryse Amira Seth
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chelsee A. Hewitt
- Department of Pathology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Australian Cancer Research Foundation Genomics Facility, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zainal Abidin S, Fam SZ, Chong CE, Abdullah S, Cheah PS, Nordin N, Ling KH. miR-3099 promotes neurogenesis and inhibits astrogliogenesis during murine neural development. Gene 2019; 697:201-212. [PMID: 30769142 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-3099 is highly expressed during neuronal differentiation and development of the central nervous system. Here we characterised the role of miR-3099 during neural differentiation and embryonic brain development using a stable and regulatable mouse embryonic stem cell culture system for miR-3099 expression and in utero electroporation of miR-3099 expression construct into E15.5 embryonic mouse brains. In the in vitro system, miR-3099 overexpression upregulated gene related to neuronal markers such as Tuj1, NeuN, Gat1, vGluT1 and vGluT2. In contrast, gene related to astrocyte markers (Gfap, S100β and Slc1a3) were suppressed upon overexpression of miR-3099. Furthermore, miR-3099 overexpression between E15.5 and E18.5 mouse embryonic brains led to disorganised neuronal migration potentially due to significantly decreased Gfap+ cells. Collectively, our results indicated that miR-3099 plays a role in modulating and regulating expression of key markers involved in neuronal differentiation. In silico analysis was also performed to identify miR-3099 homologues in the human genome, and candidates were validated by stem-loop RT-qPCR. Analysis of the miR-3099 seed sequence AGGCUA against human transcriptomes revealed that a potential miRNA, mds21 (Chr21:39186698-39186677) (GenBank accession ID: MK521584), was 100% identical to the miR-3099 seed sequence. Mds21 expression was observed and validated in various human cell lines (293FT, human Wharton's jelly and dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells, and MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, C-Sert, SW780, RT112, 5637, EJ28 and SH-SY5Y cells), with the highest levels detected in human mesenchymal stem cell lines. The analysis validated mds21 as a novel miRNA and a novel homologue of miR-3099 in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Zheng Fam
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chan-Eng Chong
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia Alliance, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chin VK, Asyran AMY, Zakaria ZA, Abdullah WO, Chong PP, Nordin N, Ibraheem ZO, Majid RA, Basir R. TREM-1 modulation produces positive outcome on the histopathology and cytokines release profile of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 2018; 43:139-153. [PMID: 30956457 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is a potential molecular therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases. Despite that, the role of TREM-1 during malaria pathogenesis remains obscure with present literature suggesting a link between TREM-1 with severe malaria development. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of TREM-1 and TREM-1 related drugs during severe malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice model. Our findings revealed that TREM-1 concentration was significantly increased throughout the infection periods and TREM-1 was positively correlated with malaria parasitemia development. This suggests a positive involvement of TREM-1 in severe malaria development. Meanwhile, blocking of TREM-1 activation using rmTREM-1/Fc and TREM-1 clearance by mTREM-1/Ab had significantly reduced malaria parasitemia and suppressed the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of TREM-1 related drug treatments, in particular rmTREM-1/Fc showed significant improvements in the histological conditions of major organs (kidneys, spleen, lungs, liver and brain) of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. This study showed that modulation of TREM-1 released during malaria infection produces a positive outcome on malaria infection through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and alleviation of histopathological conditions of affected organs. Nevertheless, further investigation on its optimal dosage and dose dependant study should be carried out to maximise its full potential as immunomodulatory or as an adjuvant in line with current antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voon Kin Chin
- 2School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Afiq Mohd Yusof Asyran
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wan Omar Abdullah
- 5Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 55100 Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- 2School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, No 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zaid Osamah Ibraheem
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Roslaini Abdul Majid
- 3Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- 1Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Al Abbar A, Nordin N, Ghazalli N, Abdullah S. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells by a polycistronic lentiviral vector in feeder- and serum- free defined culture. Tissue Cell 2018; 55:13-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nordin N, Othman S, Kadir Basha R, Abdul Rashid S. Mechanical and thermal properties of starch films reinforced with microcellulose fibres. Food Res 2018. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.2(6).110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Muhammad SA, Nordin N, Fakurazi S. Regenerative potential of secretome from dental stem cells: a systematic review of preclinical studies. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:321-332. [PMID: 29220331 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Injury to tissues is a major clinical challenge due to the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells. Stem cell therapy is evolving rapidly as an alternative for tissue regeneration. However, increasing evidence suggests that the regenerative ability of stem cells is mainly mediated by paracrine actions of secretome that are generally secreted by the cells. We aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of dental stem cell (DSC)-conditioned medium in in vivo animal models of various tissue defects. A total of 15 eligible studies was included by searching Pubmed, Scopus and Medline databases up to August 2017. The risk of bias was assessed using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation risk of bias tool. Of 15 studies, seven reported the therapeutic benefit of the conditioned medium on neurological diseases and three reported on joint/bone-related defects. Two interventions were on liver diseases, whereas the remaining three addressed myocardial infarction and reperfusion, lung injury and diabetes. Nine studies were performed using mouse models and the remaining six studies used rat models. The methodological quality of the studies was low, as most of the key elements required in reports of preclinical studies were not reported. The findings of this review suggested that conditioned medium from DSCs improved tissue regeneration and functional recovery. This current review strengthens the therapeutic benefit of cell-free product for tissue repair in animal models. A well-planned study utilizing validated outcome measures and long-term safety studies are required for possible translation to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Institute of Bioscience and Pharmacology Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Jaafaru MS, Nordin N, Shaari K, Rosli R, Abdull Razis AF. Isothiocyanate from Moringa oleifera seeds mitigates hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and preserved morphological features of human neuronal cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196403. [PMID: 29723199 PMCID: PMC5933767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are well known for induction of oxidative stress conditions through oxidation of vital biomarkers leading to cellular death via apoptosis and other process, thereby causing devastative effects on the host organs. This effect is believed to be linked with pathological alterations seen in several neurodegenerative disease conditions. Many phytochemical compounds proved to have robust antioxidant activities that deterred cells against cytotoxic stress environment, thus protect apoptotic cell death. In view of that we studied the potential of glucomoringin-isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) or moringin to mitigate the process that lead to neurodegeneration in various ways. Neuroprotective effect of GMG-ITC was performed on retinoic acid (RA) induced differentiated neuroblastoma cells (SHSY5Y) via cell viability assay, flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence microscopy by means of acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining, to evaluate the anti-apoptotic activity and morphology conservation ability of the compound. Additionally, neurite surface integrity and ultrastructural analysis were carried out by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy to assess the orientation of surface and internal features of the treated neuronal cells. GMG-ITC pre-treated neuron cells showed significant resistance to H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death, revealing high level of protection by the compound. Increase of intracellular oxidative stress induced by H2O2 was mitigated by GMG-ITC. Thus, pre-treatment with the compound conferred significant protection to cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic inclusion coupled with conservation of surface morphological features and general integrity of neuronal cells. Therefore, the collective findings in the presence study indicated the potentials of GMG-ITC to protect the integrity of neuron cells against induced oxidative-stress related cytotoxic processes, the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sani Jaafaru
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Main Campus, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khozirah Shaari
- Laboratory of Natural Product, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Open access has become a choice for scientific publication. In many countries, open access publication has been made compulsory for publicly funded studies. Since 2013, government-funded research paper in United States must be made freely available within 12 months of publication. Such policy will ensure maximum accessibility and circulation of published articles. While the scientific community is benefited at large due to free access and distribution of published materials, open access publication is never free due to the various costs involved in the production, permanent archival and digitalisation of scholarly articles.
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Nigjeh SE, Yeap SK, Nordin N, Kamalideghan B, Ky H, Rosli R. Citral induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 spheroid cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 29433490 PMCID: PMC5809808 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Breast cancer remains a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Although breast cancer therapies have greatly advanced in recent years, many patients still develop tumour recurrence and metastasis, and eventually succumb to the disease due to chemoresistance. Citral has been reported to show cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. However, the potential of citral to specifically target the drug resistant breast cancer cells has not yet been tested, which was the focus of our current study. Methods The cytotoxic activity of citral was first tested on MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro by MTT assay. Subsequently, spheroids of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were developed and treated with citral at different concentrations. Doxorubicin, cisplatin and tamoxifen were used as positive controls to evaluate the drug resistance phenotype of MDA-MB-231 spheroids. In addition, apoptosis study was performed using AnnexinV/7AAD flowcytometry. Aldefluor assay was also carried out to examine whether citral could inhibit the ALDH-positive population, while the potential mechanism of the effect of citral was carried out by using quantitative real time- PCR followed by western blotting analysis. Results Citral was able to inhibit the growth of the MDA-MB-231 spheroids when compared to a monolayer culture of MDA-MB-231 cells at a lower IC50 value. To confirm the inhibition of spheroid self-renewal capacity, the primary spheroids were then cultured to additional passages in the absence of citral. A significant reduction in the number of secondary spheroids were formed, suggesting the reduction of self-renewal capacity of these aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) drug resistant spheroids. Moreover, the AnnexinV/7AAD results demonstrated that citral induced both early and late apoptotic changes in a dose-dependent manner compared to the vehicle control. Furthermore, citral treated spheroids showed lower cell renewal capacity compared to the vehicle control spheroids in the mammosphere formation assay. Gene expression studies using quantitative real time PCR and Western blotting assays showed that citral was able to suppress the self-renewal capacity of spheroids and downregulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion The results suggest that citral could be a potential new agent which can eliminate drug-resistant breast cancer cells in a spheroid model via inducing apoptosis.
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Shair S, Akmal F, Nordin N. A multi-developing-country comparison of the lee-carter model for mortality and life expectancy projections. J Fundam and Appl Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Ibrahim NN, Khaza'Ai H, Zaulkaffli AS, Nordin N. Modulation of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant in vitro Alzheimer’s Disease model by vitamin D and E. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abdullahi S, Abd Majid R, Unyah N, Nordin N, Basir R, Wana M, Alapid A, Yahaya H, Mustatapha T. In vitro anti-toxoplasmal activities of ethanolic extracts from Andrographis paniculata and Tinospora crispa against Toxoplasma gondii parasite. Front Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Md Razip NN, Abd Jalil A, Nordin N, Zaulkffli AS, Mansor N, Khaza'Ai H. Neuro-recovery of vitamin E in high glutamate-induced oxidative stress neural cells derived from embryonic stem cell culture model. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Masilamani T, Subramaniam T, Nordin N, Rosli R. Neuroprotective effects of Peltophorum pterocarpum leaf extract against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Clin Phytosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-017-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Damit EF, Nordin N, Ariffin A, Sulaiman K. Synthesis, characterization, and systematic structure–property investigation of a series of carbazole–thiophene derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217080278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abidin SZ, Leong JW, Mahmoudi M, Nordin N, Abdullah S, Cheah PS, Ling KH. In Silico Prediction and Validation of Gfap as an miR-3099 Target in Mouse Brain. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:373-382. [PMID: 28597341 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression and protein synthesis during brain development. MiR-3099 is highly expressed throughout embryogenesis, especially in the developing central nervous system. Moreover, miR-3099 is also expressed at a higher level in differentiating neurons in vitro, suggesting that it is a potential regulator during neuronal cell development. This study aimed to predict the target genes of miR-3099 via in-silico analysis using four independent prediction algorithms (miRDB, miRanda, TargetScan, and DIANA-micro-T-CDS) with emphasis on target genes related to brain development and function. Based on the analysis, a total of 3,174 miR-3099 target genes were predicted. Those predicted by at least three algorithms (324 genes) were subjected to DAVID bioinformatics analysis to understand their overall functional themes and representation. The analysis revealed that nearly 70% of the target genes were expressed in the nervous system and a significant proportion were associated with transcriptional regulation and protein ubiquitination mechanisms. Comparison of in situ hybridization (ISH) expression patterns of miR-3099 in both published and in-house-generated ISH sections with the ISH sections of target genes from the Allen Brain Atlas identified 7 target genes (Dnmt3a, Gabpa, Gfap, Itga4, Lxn, Smad7, and Tbx18) having expression patterns complementary to miR-3099 in the developing and adult mouse brain samples. Of these, we validated Gfap as a direct downstream target of miR-3099 using the luciferase reporter gene system. In conclusion, we report the successful prediction and validation of Gfap as an miR-3099 target gene using a combination of bioinformatics resources with enrichment of annotations based on functional ontologies and a spatio-temporal expression dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidee Zainal Abidin
- NeuroBiology and Genetics Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Wen Leong
- NeuroBiology and Genetics Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marzieh Mahmoudi
- NeuroBiology and Genetics Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- NeuroBiology and Genetics Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- NeuroBiology and Genetics Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Cheah PS, Abdullah S, Bahari H, Chau DM, Habib O, Hasan S, Khalid M, Mok PL, Nordin N, Tan NJ, Veerakumarasivam A, Ling KH. International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) global neuroscience advocacy programme: Four imperative resolutions to strengthen neuroscience research and development in Malaysia. IBRO Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hamid AA, Joharry MK, Mun-Fun H, Hamzah SN, Rejali Z, Yazid MN, Thilakavathy K, Nordin N. Highly potent stem cells from full-term amniotic fluid: A realistic perspective. Reprod Biol 2017; 17:9-18. [PMID: 28262444 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic fluid (AF) is now known to harbor highly potent stem cells, making it an excellent source for cell therapy. However, most of the stem cells isolated are from AF of mid-term pregnancies in which the collection procedure involves an invasive technique termed amniocentesis. This has limited the access in getting the fluid as the technique imposes certain level of risks to the mother as well as to the fetus. Alternatively, getting AF from full-term pregnancies or during deliveries would be a better resolution. Unfortunately, very few studies have isolated stem cells from AF at this stage of gestation, the fluid that is merely discarded. The question remains whether full-term AF harbors stem cells of similar potency as of the stem cells of mid-term AF. Here, we aim to review the prospect of having this type of stem cells by first looking at the origin and contents of AF particularly during different gestation period. We will then discuss the possibility that the AF, at full term, contains a population of highly potent stem cells. These stem cells are distinct from, and probably more potent than the AF mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSCs) isolated from full-term AF. By comparing the studies on stem cells isolated from mid-term versus full-term AF from various species, we intend to address the prospect of having highly potent amniotic fluid stem cells from AF of full-term pregnancies in human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila A Hamid
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Khair Joharry
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Hoo Mun-Fun
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Nurusaadah Hamzah
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Zulida Rejali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Yazid
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Karuppiah Thilakavathy
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.
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Lye KL, Nordin N, Vidyadaran S, Thilakavathy K. Mesenchymal stem cells: From stem cells to sarcomas. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:610-8. [PMID: 26992453 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered vast interests in clinical settings, especially in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties-they are reliably isolated and expanded from various tissue sources; they are able to differentiate into mesodermal tissues such as bones, cartilages, adipose tissues, and muscles; and they have unique immunosuppressive properties. However, there are some concerns pertaining to the role of MSCs in the human body. On one hand, they are crucial component in the regeneration and repair of the human body. On the contrary, they are shown to transform into sarcomas. Although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, many new leads have pointed to the belief that MSCs do play a role in sarcomagenesis. This review focuses on the current updates and findings of the role of MSCs in their transformation process into sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Liang Lye
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharmili Vidyadaran
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karuppiah Thilakavathy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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