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Fedorov AV, Chelombitko MA, Chernyavskij DA, Galkin II, Pletjushkina OY, Vasilieva TV, Zinovkin RA, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 Prevents the Development of Experimental Colitis in Mice and Impairment of the Barrier Function of the Intestinal Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:3441. [PMID: 36359839 PMCID: PMC9659222 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have become promising candidates for the therapy of various pathologies. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, which is a derivative of plastoquinone, has been successfully used in preclinical studies for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in a number of inflammatory disease models. The present work aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SkQ1 and C12TPP, the analog of SkQ1 lacking the antioxidant quinone moiety, in the prevention of sodium dextran sulfate (DSS) experimental colitis and impairment of the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium in mice. DSS-treated animals exhibited weight loss, bloody stool, dysfunction of the intestinal epithelium barrier (which was observed using FITC-dextran permeability), reduced colon length, and histopathological changes in the colon mucosa. SkQ1 prevented the development of clinical and histological changes in DSS-treated mice. SkQ1 also reduced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory molecules TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, and ICAM-1 in the proximal colon compared with DSS-treated animals. SkQ1 prevented DSS-induced tight junction disassembly in Caco-2 cells. Pretreatment of mice by C12TPP did not protect against DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, C12TPP did not prevent DSS-induced tight junction disassembly in Caco-2 cells. Our results suggest that SkQ1 may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, in particular ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem V. Fedorov
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Chelombitko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Russian Clinical Research Center for Gerontology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 129226 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Chernyavskij
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Galkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tamara V. Vasilieva
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- HSE University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Solovjev AM, Galkin II, Medved'ko AV, Pletjushkina OY, Zhao S, Sakharov IY. Comparison of chemiluminescent heterogeneous and homogeneous–heterogeneous assays coupled with isothermal circular strand-displacement polymerization reaction amplification for the quantification of miRNA-141. Analyst 2022; 147:4293-4300. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterogeneous and homogeneous–heterogeneous chemiluminescent microplate assay was developed for the determination of miRNA-141 levels in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M. Solovjev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Bldg.1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Galkin
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Bldg.1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Medved'ko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Pletjushkina
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Bldg.1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ivan Yu. Sakharov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Bldg.1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Solovjev AM, Galkin II, Pletjushkina OY, Medvedko AV, Zhao S, Sakharov IY. Isothermal chemiluminescent assay based on circular stand-displacement polymerization reaction amplification for cel-miRNA-39-3p determination in cell extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:987-992. [PMID: 33887290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific heterogeneous assay for quantitation of cel-miRNA-39-3p (miRNA-39) was constructed. To improve the assay sensitivity an amplification strategy based on the use of isothermal circular strand-displacement polymerization reaction (ICSDPR), polyperoxidase conjugated with streptavidin and enhanced chemiluminescence was used. The detection limit of the proposed assay was 4 × 10-13 M. The coefficient of variation (CV) for quantitation of miRNA-39 within the working range was below 8%. The study of cross-reactivity of different miRNAs including miRNA-39 demonstrated high specificity of the proposed assay. Comparison of the calibration curves of miRNA-39 dissolved in the buffer and the lysate of MCF-7 cells (prepared by lysis of the cells with phenol/guanidine thiocyanate mixture and purified using silica membrane spin column) has demonstrated a negligible matrix effect. The proposed assay makes it possible to estimate the yield of purification of miRNAs from cells, which is necessary for the quantitative calculation of the intracellular content of miRNAs measured with the isothermal assay coupled with ICSDPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Solovjev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan I Galkin
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Pletjushkina
- A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexey V Medvedko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky prospect, 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Ivan Yu Sakharov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, bldg.1, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Zakharova VV, Pletjushkina OY, Galkin II, Zinovkin RA, Chernyak BV, Krysko DV, Bachert C, Krysko O, Skulachev VP, Popova EN. Low concentration of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation decreases the TNF-induced endothelial permeability and lethality in mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:968-977. [PMID: 28131916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions occur in many diseases linked to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is known to rescue model animals from pathologies related to mitochondrial dysfunctions and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To study the potential of SIRS therapy by uncoupling, we tested protonophore dinitrophenol (DNP) and a free fatty acid (FFA) anion carrier, lipophilic cation dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP) in mice and in vitro models of SIRS. DNP and C12TPP prevented the body temperature drop and lethality in mice injected with high doses of a SIRS inducer, tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant plastoquinonyl decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) which also catalyzes FFA-dependent uncoupling revealed similar protective effects and downregulated expression of the NFκB-regulated genes (VCAM1, ICAM1, MCP1, and IL-6) involved in the inflammatory response of endothelium in aortas of the TNF-treated mice. In vitro mild uncoupling rescued from TNF-induced endothelial permeability, disassembly of cell contacts and VE-cadherin cleavage by the matrix metalloprotease 9 (ММР9). The uncouplers prevented TNF-induced expression of MMP9 via inhibition of NFκB signaling. Water-soluble antioxidant Trolox also prevented TNF-induced activation and permeability of endothelium in vitro via inhibition of NFκB signaling, suggesting that the protective action of the uncouplers is linked to their antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V Zakharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I Galkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Molecular Signalling and Cell Death Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium
| | - Vladimir P Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Zakharova VV, Pletjushkina OY, Zinovkin RA, Popova EN, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants and Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Treatment of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:904-912. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vlada V. Zakharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
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Demyanenko IA, Popova EN, Zakharova VV, Ilyinskaya OP, Vasilieva TV, Romashchenko VP, Fedorov AV, Manskikh VN, Skulachev MV, Zinovkin RA, Pletjushkina OY, Skulachev VP, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 improves impaired dermal wound healing in old mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:475-85. [PMID: 26187706 PMCID: PMC4543037 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The process of skin wound healing is delayed or impaired in aging animals. To investigate the possible role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in cutaneous wound healing of aged mice, we have applied the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1. The SkQ1 treatment resulted in accelerated resolution of the inflammatory phase, formation of granulation tissue, vascularization and epithelization of the wounds. The wounds of SkQ1-treated mice contained increased amount of myofibroblasts which produce extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors mediating granulation tissue formation. This effect resembled SkQ1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblast, observed earlier in vitro. The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ)produced by SkQ1-treated fibroblasts was found to stimulated motility of endothelial cells in vitro, an effect which may underlie pro-angiogenic action of SkQ1 in the wounds. In vitro experiments showed that SkQ1 prevented decomposition of VE-cadherin containing contacts and following increase in permeability of endothelial cells monolayer, induced by pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. Prevention of excessive reaction of endothelium to the pro-inflammatory cytokine(s) might account for anti-inflammatory effect of SkQ1. Our findings point to an important role of mtROS in pathogenesis of age-related chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Demyanenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vlada V Zakharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P Ilyinskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Valeria P Romashchenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem V Fedorov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily N Manskikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim V Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Zinovkin RA, Romaschenko VP, Galkin II, Zakharova VV, Pletjushkina OY, Chernyak BV, Popova EN. Role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in age-related inflammatory activation of endothelium. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:661-674. [PMID: 25239871 PMCID: PMC4169860 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is accompanied by increases in circulatory proinflammatory cytokines leading to inflammatory endothelial response implicated in early atherogenesis. To study the possible role of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this phenomenon, we applied the effective mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, the conjugate of plastoquinone with dodecyltriphenylphosphonium. Eight months treatment of (CBAxC57BL/6) F1 mice with SkQ1 did not prevent age-related elevation of the major proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-6 in serum, but completely abrogated the increase in adhesion molecule ICAM1 expression in aortas of 24-month-old animals. In endothelial cell culture, SkQ1 also attenuated TNF-induced increase in ICAM1, VCAM, and E-selectin expression and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, and prevented neutrophil adhesion to the endothelial monolayer. Using specific inhibitors to transcription factor NF-κB and stress-kinases p38 and JNK, we demonstrated that TNF-induced ICAM1 expression depends mainly on NF-κB activity and, to a lesser extent, on p38. SkQ1 had no effect on p38 phosphorylation (activation) but significantly reduced NF-κB activation by inhibiting phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage of the inhibitory subunit IκBα. The data indicate an important role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in regulation of the NF-κB pathway and corresponding age-related inflammatory activation of endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Zinovkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valeria P. Romaschenko
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan I. Galkin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vlada V. Zakharova
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Pletjushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris V. Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Popova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Mitoengineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Demianenko IA, Vasilieva TV, Domnina LV, Dugina VB, Egorov MV, Ivanova OY, Ilinskaya OP, Pletjushkina OY, Popova EN, Sakharov IY, Fedorov AV, Chernyak BV. Novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, "Skulachev-ion" derivatives, accelerate dermal wound healing in animals. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2010; 75:274-80. [PMID: 20370605 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791003003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1, (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium) stimulates healing of full-thickness dermal wounds in mice and rats. Treatment with nanomolar doses of SkQ1 in various formulations accelerated wound cleaning and suppressed neutrophil infiltration at the early (7 h) steps of inflammatory phase. SkQ1 stimulated formation of granulation tissue and increased the content of myofibroblasts in the beginning of regenerative phase of wound healing. Later this effect caused accumulation of collagen fibers. Local treatment with SkQ1 stimulated re-epithelization of the wound. Lifelong treatment of mice with SkQ1 supplemented with drinking water strongly stimulated skin wounds healing in old (28 months) animals. In an in vitro model of wound in human cell cultures, SkQ1 stimulated movement of epitheliocytes and fibroblasts into the "wound". Myofibroblast differentiation of subcutaneous fibroblasts was stimulated by SkQ1. It is suggested that SkQ1 stimulates wound healing by suppression of the negative effects of oxidative stress in the wound and also by induction of differentiation. Restoration of regenerative processes in old animals is consistent with the "rejuvenation" effects of SkQ1, which prevents some gerontological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Demianenko
- Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Izyumov DS, Domnina LV, Nepryakhina OK, Avetisyan AV, Golyshev SA, Ivanova OY, Korotetskaya MV, Lyamzaev KG, Pletjushkina OY, Popova EN, Chernyak BV. Mitochondria as source of reactive oxygen species under oxidative stress. Study with novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidants--the "Skulachev-ion" derivatives. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2010; 75:123-9. [PMID: 20367598 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791002001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria was studied using the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (SkQ) in cultures of human cells. It was shown that SkQ rapidly (1-2 h) and selectively accumulated in mitochondria and prevented oxidation of mitochondrial components under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. At nanomolar concentrations, SkQ inhibited oxidation of glutathione, fragmentation of mitochondria, and translocation of Bax from cytosol into mitochondria. The last effect could be related to prevention of conformational change in the adenine nucleotide transporter, which depends on oxidation of critical thiols. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants at nanomolar concentrations prevented accumulation of ROS and cell death under oxidative stress. These effects required 24 h or more (depending on the cell type) preincubation, and this was not related to slow induction of endogenous antioxidant systems. It is suggested that SkQ slowly accumulates in a small subpopulation of mitochondria that have decreased membrane potential and produce the major part of ROS under oxidative stress. This population was visualized in the cells using potential-sensitive dye. The possible role of the small fraction of "bad" mitochondria in cell physiology is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Izyumov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Mitoengineering Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Skulachev VP, Antonenko YN, Cherepanov DA, Chernyak BV, Izyumov DS, Khailova LS, Klishin SS, Korshunova GA, Lyamzaev KG, Pletjushkina OY, Roginsky VA, Rokitskaya TI, Severin FF, Severina II, Simonyan RA, Skulachev MV, Sumbatyan NV, Sukhanova EI, Tashlitsky VN, Trendeleva TA, Vyssokikh MY, Zvyagilskaya RA. Prevention of cardiolipin oxidation and fatty acid cycling as two antioxidant mechanisms of cationic derivatives of plastoquinone (SkQs). Biochim Biophys Acta 2010. [PMID: 20307489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.03.015]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present state of the art in studies on the mechanisms of antioxidant activities of mitochondria-targeted cationic plastoquinone derivatives (SkQs) is reviewed. Our experiments showed that these compounds can operate as antioxidants in two quite different ways, i.e. (i) by preventing peroxidation of cardiolipin [Antonenko et al., Biochemistry (Moscow) 73 (2008) 1273-1287] and (ii) by fatty acid cycling resulting in mild uncoupling that inhibits the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondrial State 4 [Severin et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107 (2009), 663-668]. The quinol and cationic moieties of SkQ are involved in cases (i) and (ii), respectively. In case (i) SkQH2 interrupts propagation of chain reactions involved in peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acid residues in cardiolipin, the formed SkQ- being reduced back to SkQH2 by heme bH of complex III in an antimycin-sensitive way. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that there are two stable conformations of SkQ1 with the quinol residue localized near peroxyl radicals at C9 or C13 of the linoleate residue in cardiolipin. In mechanism (ii), fatty acid cycling mediated by the cationic SkQ moiety is involved. It consists of (a) transmembrane movement of the fatty acid anion/SkQ cation pair and (b) back flows of free SkQ cation and protonated fatty acid. The cycling results in a protonophorous effect that was demonstrated in planar phospholipid membranes and liposomes. In mitochondria, the cycling gives rise to mild uncoupling, thereby decreasing membrane potential and ROS generation coupled to reverse electron transport in the respiratory chain. In yeast cells, dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (capital ES, Cyrillic12TPP), the cationic part of SkQ1, induces uncoupling that is mitochondria-targeted since capital ES, Cyrillic12TPP is specifically accumulated in mitochondria and increases the H+ conductance of their inner membrane. The conductance of the outer cell membrane is not affected by capital ES, Cyrillic12TPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Lyamzaev KG, Nepryakhina OK, Saprunova VB, Bakeeva LE, Pletjushkina OY, Chernyak BV, Skulachev VP. Novel mechanism of elimination of malfunctioning mitochondria (mitoptosis): Formation of mitoptotic bodies and extrusion of mitochondrial material from the cell. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 2008; 1777:817-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Grishina ZV, Pushkareva MA, Pletjushkina OY, Reiser G, Peters-Golden M, Sud'ina GF. Sulfatides inhibit leukotriene synthesis in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes by a mechanism involving lipid rearrangement in intracellular membranes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007; 40:110-24. [PMID: 17822942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatides - sulfated derivatives of galactocerebroside - are endogenous ligands for P- and L-selectins and are able to induce intracellular signaling in neutrophils through a L-selectin dependent pathway. Sulfatides are implicated in a variety of physiological functions and have been found to suppress the synthesis of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) metabolites and impede 5-LO translocation to the nuclear envelope in adherent human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) [Sud'ina, G. F., Brock, T. G., Pushkareva, M. A., Galkina, S. I., Turutin, D. V., Peters-Golden, M., et al. (2001). Sulphatides trigger polymorphonuclear granulocyte spreading on collagen-coated surfaces and inhibit subsequent activation of 5-lipoxygenase. The Biochemical Journal, 359, 621-629]. In this study we investigated the mechanism of the leukotriene (LT) synthesis inhibition by sulfatides. Sulfatides neither attenuated the ionophore-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i) nor promoted PKA activation. We demonstrated that sulfatides directly inhibited 5-LO enzyme activity in a cell-free assay. BODIPY-labeled sulfatides were able to rapidly penetrate into the cells. Sulfatides induced rearrangement and redistribution of cytoskeletal components in adherent PMNs. The lipid incorporation as well as sulfatide-induced inhibition of LT synthesis were abolished by cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization and endocytosis. Importantly, sulfatides caused a prominent intracellular cholesterol redistribution, increasing its abundance at the uropod region. On the basis of these data, we suggest that increased cholesterol accumulation in cell compartments represents a novel mechanism by which sulfatides abrogate 5-LO translocation and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoryana V Grishina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Caramyshev AV, Firsova YN, Slastya EA, Tagaev AA, Potapenko NV, Lobakova ES, Pletjushkina OY, Sakharov IY. Purification and characterization of windmill palm tree (Trachycarpus fortunei) peroxidase. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:9888-94. [PMID: 17177516 DOI: 10.1021/jf0615193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High peroxidase activity was demonstrated to be present in the leaf of several species of cold-resistant palms. Histochemical studies of the leaf of windmill palm tree (Trachycarpus fortunei) showed the peroxidase activity to be localized in hypoderma, epidermis, cell walls, and conducting bundles. However, chlorophyll-containing mesophyll cells had no peroxidase at all. The leaf windmill palm tree peroxidase (WPTP) was purified to homogeneity and had a specific activity of 6230 units/mg, RZ = 3.0, a molecular mass of 50 kDa, and an isoelectric point of pI 3.5. The electronic spectrum of WPTP with a Soret band at 403 nm was typical of plant peroxidases. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of WPTP was determined. The substrate specificity of WPTP was distinct from that of other palm peroxidases, and the best substrate for WPTP was 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The palm peroxidase showed an unusually high stability at elevated temperatures and high concentrations of guanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Caramyshev
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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14
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Domnina LV, Ivanova OY, Pletjushkina OY, Fetisova EK, Chernyak BV, Skulachev VP, Vasiliev JM. Marginal blebbing during the early stages of TNF-induced apoptosis indicates alteration in actomyosin contractility. Cell Biol Int 2005; 28:471-5. [PMID: 15223024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellbi.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Revised: 12/08/2003] [Accepted: 03/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dynamics of alterations of cell surface topography during TNF-induced apoptosis of HeLa cells was examined by phase-contrast videomicroscopy and immunomorphological analysis. The final stage of apoptosis accompanied by cell rounding and general blebbing of the cell surface became after 4-6 h of incubation but much earlier, after 1.5-3 h, essentially flattened lamellipodia at the active edges transformed into the small blebs that were continuously extended and retracted during the next 1-2 h. This phenomenon was called "marginal blebbing". It took place before the cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. Marginal blebbing was inhibited by drugs that depolymerized actin microfilaments (cytochalasin, latrunculin) or decreased Rho-kinase-dependent contractility of actin-myosin cortex (H7, HA-1077, Y27632). A pancaspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, completely prevented marginal and general blebbing, and TNF-induced apoptosis. DEVD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase-3, inhibited both marginal and general blebbing but not cell rounding and death. Thus, marginal blebbing is an early microfilament-dependent apoptotic event. It is suggested that it is initiated by minimal activation of caspase-3 and the following local Rho-kinase-dependent stimulation of actin-myosin cortex contractility. Localization of marginal blebs at the active edge may be associated with special organization of cortex in that zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Domnina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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15
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Izyumov DS, Avetisyan AV, Pletjushkina OY, Sakharov DV, Wirtz KW, Chernyak BV, Skulachev VP. "Wages of fear": transient threefold decrease in intracellular ATP level imposes apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2004; 1658:141-7. [PMID: 15282185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Revised: 05/12/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In HeLa cells, complete inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by oligomycin, myxothiazol or FCCP combined with partial inhibition of glycolysis by DOG resulted in a steady threefold decrease in the intracellular ATP level. The ATP level recovers when the DOG-containing medium was replaced by that with high glucose. In 48 h after a transient (3 h) [ATP] lowering followed by recovery of the ATP level, the majority of the cells commits suicide by means of apoptosis. The cell death does not occur if DOG or an oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor was added separately, treatments resulting in 10-35% lowering of [ATP]. Apoptosis is accompanied by Bax translocation to mitochondria, cytochrome c release into cytosol, caspase activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and reorganization and decomposition of chromatin. Apoptosis appears to be sensitive to oncoprotein Bcl-2 and a pancaspase inhibitor zVADfmk. In the latter case, necrosis is shown to develop instead of apoptosis. The cell suicide is resistant to cyclosporine A, a phospholipase inhibitor trifluoroperazine, the JNK and p38 kinase inhibitors, oligomycin, N-acetyl cysteine and mitoQ, differing in these respects from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- and H(2)O(2)-induced apoptoses. It is suggested that the ATP concentration in the cell is monitored by intracellular "ATP-meter(s)" generating a cell suicide signal when ATP decreases, even temporarily, below some critical level (around 1 mM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S Izyumov
- Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Khokhlova Street 4, Moscow 119992, Russian Federation
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16
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Lyamzaev KG, Pletjushkina OY, Saprunova VB, Bakeeva LE, Chernyak BV, Skulachev VP. Selective elimination of mitochondria from living cells induced by inhibitors of bioenergetic functions. Biochem Soc Trans 2004; 32:1070-1. [PMID: 15506967 DOI: 10.1042/bst0321070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation induced fragmentation of mitochondria without any signs of apoptosis in CV-1 and HeLa cells. Prolonged treatment with the uncouplers (alone or in combination with the inhibitors of respiration) caused perinuclear clusterization of mitochondria, followed by their selective elimination. The fraction of mitochondria-depleted cells remained viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Lyamzaev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Lyamzaev KG, Izyumov DS, Avetisyan AV, Yang F, Pletjushkina OY, Chernyak BV. Inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics: the effects on structure of mitochondria in the cell and on apoptosis. Acta Biochim Pol 2004. [DOI: 10.18388/abp.2004_3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The effects of specific inhibitors of respiratory chain, F(o)F(1)ATP synthase and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation on survival of carcinoma HeLa cells and on the structure of mitochondria in the cells were studied. The inhibitors of respiration (piericidin, antimycin, myxothiazol), the F(1)-component of ATP synthase (aurovertin) and uncouplers (DNP, FCCP) did not affect viability of HeLa cells, apoptosis induced by TNF or staurosporin and the anti-apoptotic action of Bcl-2. Apoptosis was induced by combined action of respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers indicating possible pro-apoptotic action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria. Short-term incubation of HeLa cells with the mitochondrial inhibitors and 2-deoxyglucose followed by 24-48 h recovery resulted in massive apoptosis. Apoptosis correlated to transient (3-4 h) and limited (60-70%) depletion of ATP. More prolonged or more complete transient ATP depletion induced pronounced necrosis. The inhibitors of respiration and uncouplers caused fragmentation of tubular mitochondria and formation of small round bodies followed by swelling. These transitions were not accompanied with release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and were fully reversible. The combined effect of respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers developed more rapidly indicating possible involvement of ROS generated by mitochondria. More prolonged (48-72 h) incubation with this combination of inhibitors caused clustering and degradation of mitochondria.
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18
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Lyamzaev KG, Izyumov DS, Avetisyan AV, Yang F, Pletjushkina OY, Chernyak BV. Inhibition of mitochondrial bioenergetics: the effects on structure of mitochondria in the cell and on apoptosis. Acta Biochim Pol 2004; 51:553-562. [PMID: 15218549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of specific inhibitors of respiratory chain, F(o)F(1)ATP synthase and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation on survival of carcinoma HeLa cells and on the structure of mitochondria in the cells were studied. The inhibitors of respiration (piericidin, antimycin, myxothiazol), the F(1)-component of ATP synthase (aurovertin) and uncouplers (DNP, FCCP) did not affect viability of HeLa cells, apoptosis induced by TNF or staurosporin and the anti-apoptotic action of Bcl-2. Apoptosis was induced by combined action of respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers indicating possible pro-apoptotic action of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria. Short-term incubation of HeLa cells with the mitochondrial inhibitors and 2-deoxyglucose followed by 24-48 h recovery resulted in massive apoptosis. Apoptosis correlated to transient (3-4 h) and limited (60-70%) depletion of ATP. More prolonged or more complete transient ATP depletion induced pronounced necrosis. The inhibitors of respiration and uncouplers caused fragmentation of tubular mitochondria and formation of small round bodies followed by swelling. These transitions were not accompanied with release of cytochrome c into the cytosol and were fully reversible. The combined effect of respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers developed more rapidly indicating possible involvement of ROS generated by mitochondria. More prolonged (48-72 h) incubation with this combination of inhibitors caused clustering and degradation of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin G Lyamzaev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Skulachev VP, Bakeeva LE, Chernyak BV, Domnina LV, Minin AA, Pletjushkina OY, Saprunova VB, Skulachev IV, Tsyplenkova VG, Vasiliev JM, Yaguzhinsky LS, Zorov DB. Thread-grain transition of mitochondrial reticulum as a step of mitoptosis and apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 256-257:341-58. [PMID: 14977193 DOI: 10.1023/b:mcbi.0000009880.94044.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Association of mitochondrial population to a mitochondrial reticulum is typical of many types of the healthy cells. This allows the cell to organize a united intracellular power-transmitting system. However, such an association can create some difficulties for the cell when a part of the reticulum is damaged or when mitochondria should migrate from one cell region to another. It is shown that in these cases decomposition of extended mitochondria to small roundish organelles takes place (the thread-grain transition). As an intermediate step of this process, formation of beads-like mitochondria occurs when several swollen parts of the mitochondrial filament are interconnected with thin thread-like mitochondrial structures. A hypothesis is put forward that the thread-grain transition is used as a mechanism to isolate a damaged part of the mitochondrial system from its intact parts. If the injury is not repaired, spherical mitochondrion originated from the damaged part of the reticulum is assumed to convert to a small ultracondensed and presumably dead mitochondrion (this process is called 'mitoptosis'). Then the dead mitochondrion is engulfed by an autophagosome. Sometimes, an ultracondensed mitoplast co-exists with a normal mitoplast, both of them being surrounded by a common outer mitochondrial membrane. During apoptosis, massive thread-grain transition is observed which, according to Youle et al. (S. Frank et al., Dev Cell 1: 515, 2002), is mediated by a dynamin-related protein and represents an obligatory step of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. We found that there is a lag phase between addition of an apoptogenic agent and the thread-grain transition. When started, the transition occurs very fast. It is also found that this event precedes complete de-energization of mitochondria and cytochrome c release to cytosol. When formed, small mitochondria migrate to (and in certain rare cases even into) the nucleus. It is suggested that small mitochondria may serve as a transportable form of organelles ('cargo boats' transporting some apoptotic proteins to their nuclear targets).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Skulachev
- Department of Bioenergetics and Mathematical Methods in Biology, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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20
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Belkin AM, Retta SF, Pletjushkina OY, Balzac F, Silengo L, Fassler R, Koteliansky VE, Burridge K, Tarone G. Muscle beta1D integrin reinforces the cytoskeleton-matrix link: modulation of integrin adhesive function by alternative splicing. J Cell Biol 1997; 139:1583-95. [PMID: 9396762 PMCID: PMC2132630 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.139.6.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/1997] [Revised: 07/03/1997] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of muscle-specific beta1D integrin with an alternatively spliced cytoplasmic domain in CHO and GD25, beta1 integrin-minus cells leads to their phenotypic conversion. beta1D-transfected nonmuscle cells display rounded morphology, lack of pseudopodial activity, retarded spreading, reduced migration, and significantly enhanced contractility compared with their beta1A-expressing counterparts. The transfected beta1D is targeted to focal adhesions and efficiently displaces the endogenous beta1A and alphavbeta3 integrins from the sites of cell-matrix contact. This displacement is observed on several types of extracellular matrix substrata and leads to elevated stability of focal adhesions in beta1D transfectants. Whereas a significant part of cellular beta1A integrin is extractable in digitonin, the majority of the transfected beta1D is digitonin-insoluble and is strongly associated with the detergent-insoluble cytoskeleton. Increased interaction of beta1D integrin with the actin cytoskeleton is consistent with and might be mediated by its enhanced binding to talin. In contrast, beta1A interacts more strongly with alpha-actinin, than beta1D. Inside-out driven activation of the beta1D ectodomain increases ligand binding and fibronectin matrix assembly by beta1D transfectants. Phenotypic effects of beta1D integrin expression in nonmuscle cells are due to its enhanced interactions with both cytoskeletal and extracellular ligands. They parallel the transitions that muscle cells undergo during differentiation. Modulation of beta1 integrin adhesive function by alternative splicing serves as a physiological mechanism reinforcing the cytoskeleton- matrix link in muscle cells. This reflects the major role for beta1D integrin in muscle, where extremely stable association is required for contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Belkin
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Hollenbeck PJ, Bershadsky AD, Pletjushkina OY, Tint IS, Vasiliev JM. Intermediate filament collapse is an ATP-dependent and actin-dependent process. J Cell Sci 1989; 92 ( Pt 4):621-31. [PMID: 2689463 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.92.4.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the properties of intermediate filament rearrangements using experimentally induced collapse of vimentin intermediate filaments in mouse fibroblasts. In these cells, depolymerizing microtubules by colchicine or vinblastine treatment at 37 degrees C results in a two-stage collapse of intermediate filaments. First, the vimentin filaments aggregate into large cables; then, the cables coil into a dense mass surrounding the nucleus. By using inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation along with glucose deprivation to lower intracellular ATP levels by 95%, we have found that both stages of intermediate filament collapse require ATP. However, once collapse has occurred, only the second stage can be reversed in the absence of microtubules by lowering ATP levels. An additional difference between the two stages of collapse was revealed by treating cells with cytochalasin D: the formation of intermediate filament cables still occurs after disruption of the actin filament system by cytochalasin, but the subsequent coiling of cables to form a perinuclear mass is strongly inhibited by these conditions, and can be reversed by applying cytochalasin to cells in which intermediate filaments have already undergone complete collapse. We propose that the formation of vimentin cables involves a phosphorylation event, while the coiling of cables into a perinuclear mass relies on interaction of intermediate filaments with a component of the actin cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Hollenbeck
- Medical Research Council Cell Biophysics Unit, London, England
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Domnina LV, Gelfand VI, Ivanova OY, Leonova EV, Pletjushkina OY, Vasiliev JM, Gelfand IM. Effects of small doses of cytochalasins on fibroblasts: preferential changes of active edges and focal contacts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1982; 79:7754-7. [PMID: 6961447 PMCID: PMC347426 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.79.24.7754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of low doses of cytochalasin B (2 micrograms/ml) and cytochalasin D (0.2 microgram/ml) on the spreading of normal mouse fibroblasts in culture were investigated to find out which components of cell-substrate interactions are most sensitive to alterations of the state of actin cytoskeleton. Cytochalasin B disorganized the cortical layer of actin microfilaments and caused partial or complete disappearance of microfilament bundles; focal contacts with the substrate seen by interference-reflection microscopy also disappeared. Diffuse close contacts were apparently insensitive to cytochalasin B. Low doses of cytochalasin B did not inhibit the outgrowth and maintenance of lamellas at the cell periphery. However, in contrast to controls, these lamellas had no distal zones with convex outer edges and ruffles at the upper surfaces. The disappearance of these ruffling active edges was accompanied by loss of the ability to clear the surface of the lamellas from the concanavalin A receptors crosslinked by the corresponding ligand. The effects of cytochalasin D were similar to those of cytochalasin B. Thus, ruffling active edges and focal contacts can be regarded as specialized parts of lamellas with increased sensitivity to cytochalasins; the presence of ruffling active edges is essential for the initiation of centripetal movement of the patches of crosslinked surface receptors.
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Bliokh ZL, Domnina LV, Ivanova OY, Pletjushkina OY, Svitkina TM, Smolyaninov VA, Vasiliev JM, Gelfand IM. Spreading of fibroblasts in medium containing cytochalasin B: formation of lamellar cytoplasm as a combination of several functional different processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:5919-22. [PMID: 6934523 PMCID: PMC350183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal cultured mouse fibroblasts spreading on solid substrate extend and attach numerous pseudopods; lamellar cytoplasm is eventually formed from the attached pseudopods. Fibroblasts spreading in the presence of cytochasin B (CB) from de novo a system of arbor-like branched processes rather than lamellar cytoplasm. The growing and fully formed arbor-like processes, in contrast to normal lamellar cytoplasm, have low contractility and are unable to clear patched concanavalin A receptors from their surfaces; their attachement sites are not associated with microfilament bundles. The cells spreading in medium containing CB and Colcemid do not form well-organized branched structures but extend and attach numerous unstable pseudopods. It is suggested that normal formation of lamellar cytoplasm can be regarded as a combination of several functionally different processes: (a) of rudimentary pseudopodial reactions resistant to CB and Colcemid; (b) of CB-sensitive lamellization; and (c) of Colcemid-sensitive stabilization.
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