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Adams O, Shindle K, Gesselman A, Campbell J. Attitudes Towards Transgender People Among Cisgender Women Who use Vaginismus and PCOS-related Online Forums. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Foster TR, Dadzie KA, Adams O, Gubbels-Bupp MR. The Effect of Malnutrition on T-cell Circadian Rhythms. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.167.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In mammals, T-cell migration is under circadian control, likely to anticipate daily rhythms in infection risk. Glucocorticoids are a major controller of circadian processes and malnutrition is associated with increased glucocorticoid secretion. Previous studies suggest malnutrition may impart a “super-quiescent” phenotype to T-cells, enabling a greater number of naïve T-cells to survive short-term malnutrition albeit with diminished function. Thus, we hypothesize that malnourished T-cells may conserve energy by disengaging from rhythmic migration under circadian control and/or foregoing migration to reside in the bone marrow instead. To test this hypothesis, the total number of nucleated cells and naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the blood, spleen, bone marrow, and brachial and mesenteric lymph nodes were enumerated by flow cytometry every four hours over the course of one day from control and malnourished mice. Additionally, expression levels of CD127 and CXCR4 in both T-cell populations and the concentration of glucocorticoids in the blood were assessed. A better understanding of how malnutrition affects the circadian rhythm of T-cell migration will not only help identify the mechanisms of how circadian rhythms work, but also how organisms’ circadian rhythms change in response to malnutrition. This knowledge of how malnutrition disrupts the circadian rhythm of T-cells may help improve vaccination strategies in malnourished children.
Supported by NSF-MRI [DBI- 1920116] NSF -RUI [IOS-1951881]
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Dadzie KA, Foster TR, Mister A, Goulmamine S, Gibson D, Adams O, Gubbels-Bupp MR. Malnutrition Disrupts T Cell Migration. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.167.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Malnutrition is associated with reductions in the number and function of T lymphocytes. Previous studies in the lab suggest that malnutrition may also impart a “super-quiescent” phenotype to T cells, perhaps affecting the efficiency of their migration within and between lymph nodes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of malnutrition on T cell migration in vivo and to characterize malnutrition-induced changes in the expression of proteins known to be important for T cell migration. To determine if malnourishment alters T cell migration in vivo, we compared lymph node entry rates of adoptively-transferred malnourished and control T cells in malnourished and control recipients. In agreement with other studies, control CD4+ T cells were more efficient than control CD8+ T cells at entering the lymph nodes. Interestingly, regardless of recipient diet, malnourished CD4+ and CD8+ T cells entered the lymph nodes at equivalent rates, suggesting that malnourishment eliminates distinct lymph node entry efficiencies for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. We also found important differences in the expression of key proteins involved in T cell migration between malnourished and control mice. Overall, we found that malnutrition disrupts T cell migration including the distinct migration efficiencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. An improved understanding of T cell-intrinsic changes that occur during malnourishment should enhance our knowledge of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell migration and shed light on how organisms adapt to malnutrition.
Supported by NSF-MRI [DBI- 1920116] NSF-RUI [IOS-1951881]
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Hassoulas A, Umla-Runge K, Zahid A, Adams O, Green M, Hassoulas A, Panayiotou E. Investigating the Association Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptom Subtypes and Health Anxiety as Impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:3006-3027. [PMID: 34412543 PMCID: PMC9578079 DOI: 10.1177/00332941211040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a global pandemic, public health messages have emphasised the importance of frequent handwashing in limiting the transmission of the virus. Whilst crucial in controlling transmission, such messaging may have an adverse effect on individuals with OCD. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, with a total of 332 participants recruited. Participants who scored above the optimal cut-off score on the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory Revised edition (OCI-R) were included in the analysis (n = 254). Scores on the six subscales of the OCI-R were correlated with responses to a COVID-19 Impact measure. Results Factor analysis of the COVID-19 Impact measure revealed that items loaded on two components of the measure (handwashing and distress-avoidance). Canonical correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the OCI-R subscales and COVID-19 Impact measure, F (12, 490) = 8.14, p = 0.001, and the SHAI subscales with the COVID-19 Impact Measure, F (4, 498) = 8.18, p = 0.001). Specifically, washing and checking OCI-R subscales correlated with both components of the COVID-19 Impact measure, as did the health anxiety and beliefs SHAI subscales. Content analysis revealed disruption to treatment delivery and worsening symptom severity in participants with contamination-related OCD. Discussion Contamination and checking OCD subtypes have been associated with increased hand-washing behaviour and avoidance of distress-inducing cues. Consideration should be given to targeted support tailored to patients with these subtypes of OCD.
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Smola A, Samadzadeh S, Müller L, Adams O, Homey B, Albrecht P, Meller S. Omalizumab prevents anaphylactoid reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e743-e745. [PMID: 34310766 PMCID: PMC8447380 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Smola
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Samadzadeh
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - L Müller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - O Adams
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - B Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - P Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Meller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Sterlin D, Fadlallah J, Adams O, Fieschi C, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Rajkumar A, Autaa G, El-Kafsi H, Charuel JL, Juste C, Jönsson F, Candela T, Wardemann H, Aubry A, Capito C, Brisson H, Tresallet C, Cummings RD, Larsen M, Yssel H, von Gunten S, Gorochov G. Human IgA binds a diverse array of commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133553. [PMID: 31891367 PMCID: PMC7062531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, several grams of IgA are secreted every day in the intestinal lumen. While only one IgA isotype exists in mice, humans secrete IgA1 and IgA2, whose respective relations with the microbiota remain elusive. We compared the binding patterns of both polyclonal IgA subclasses to commensals and glycan arrays and determined the reactivity profile of native human monoclonal IgA antibodies. While most commensals are dually targeted by IgA1 and IgA2 in the small intestine, IgA1+IgA2+ and IgA1−IgA2+ bacteria coexist in the colon lumen, where Bacteroidetes is preferentially targeted by IgA2. We also observed that galactose-α terminated glycans are almost exclusively recognized by IgA2. Although bearing signs of affinity maturation, gut-derived IgA monoclonal antibodies are cross-reactive in the sense that they bind to multiple bacterial targets. Private anticarbohydrate-binding patterns, observed at clonal level as well, could explain these apparently opposing features of IgA, being at the same time cross-reactive and selective in its interactions with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claire Fieschi
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, EA 3518, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Asok Rajkumar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Autaa
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hela El-Kafsi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Charuel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Juste
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Candela
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hedda Wardemann
- Division of B Cell Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Aubry
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Capito
- EA 4043, Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hélène Brisson
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Tresallet
- Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Goereci Y, Schweitzer F, Wellstein A, Silling S, Borchmann S, Tresckow B, Adams O, Martin R, Schlamann M, Schroeter M, Fink GR, Wattjes MP, Warnke C. Clearance of JC polyomavirus from cerebrospinal fluid following treatment with interleukin‐2 and pembrolizumab in an individual with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and no underlying immune deficiency syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2020; 27:2375-2377. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Goereci
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln Köln Germany
| | - F. Schweitzer
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln Köln Germany
| | - A. Wellstein
- Georgetown University Medical School Washington DC USA
| | - S. Silling
- Institute for Virology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln KölnGermany
| | - S. Borchmann
- Department of Haematology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln KölnGermany
| | - B. Tresckow
- Department of Haematology University Hospital Essen EssenGermany
| | - O. Adams
- Institute for Virology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - R. Martin
- Department of Neurology University Medical Center Zürich Zürich Switzerland
| | - M. Schlamann
- Department of Radiology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln KölnGermany
| | - M. Schroeter
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln Köln Germany
| | - G. R. Fink
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln Köln Germany
- Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐3) Research Centre Jülich JülichGermany
| | - M. P. Wattjes
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - C. Warnke
- Department of Neurology Medical Faculty University Hospital of Köln Köln Germany
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Rose MA, Barker M, Liese J, Adams O, Ankermann T, Baumann U, Brinkmann F, Bruns R, Dahlheim M, Ewig S, Forster J, Hofmann G, Kemen C, Lück C, Nadal D, Nüßlein T, Regamey N, Riedler J, Schmidt S, Schwerk N, Seidenberg J, Tenenbaum T, Trapp S, van der Linden M. [Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents (Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia, pCAP) - Issued under the Responsibility of the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI) and the German Society for Pediatric Pulmonology (GPP)]. Pneumologie 2020; 74:515-544. [PMID: 32823360 DOI: 10.1055/a-1139-5132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present guideline aims to improve the evidence-based management of children and adolescents with pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP). Despite a prevalence of approx. 300 cases per 100 000 children per year in Central Europe, mortality is very low. Prevention includes infection control measures and comprehensive immunization. The diagnosis can and should be established clinically by history, physical examination and pulse oximetry, with fever and tachypnea as cardinal features. Additional signs or symptoms such as severely compromised general condition, poor feeding, dehydration, altered consciousness or seizures discriminate subjects with severe pCAP from those with non-severe pCAP. Within an age-dependent spectrum of infectious agents, bacterial etiology cannot be reliably differentiated from viral or mixed infections by currently available biomarkers. Most children and adolescents with non-severe pCAP and oxygen saturation > 92 % can be managed as outpatients without laboratory/microbiology workup or imaging. Anti-infective agents are not generally indicated and can be safely withheld especially in children of young age, with wheeze or other indices suggesting a viral origin. For calculated antibiotic therapy, aminopenicillins are the preferred drug class with comparable efficacy of oral (amoxicillin) and intravenous administration (ampicillin). Follow-up evaluation after 48 - 72 hours is mandatory for the assessment of clinical course, treatment success and potential complications such as parapneumonic pleural effusion or empyema, which may necessitate alternative or add-on therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rose
- Fachbereich Medizin, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main und Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum St. Georg Leipzig
| | - M Barker
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin
| | - J Liese
- Kinderklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum an der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - O Adams
- Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
| | - T Ankermann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 1, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
| | - U Baumann
- Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - F Brinkmann
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Ruhr-Universität Bochum
| | - R Bruns
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | - M Dahlheim
- Praxis für Kinderpneumologie und Allergologie, Mannheim
| | - S Ewig
- Kliniken für Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Thoraxzentrum Ruhrgebiet, Bochum/Herne
| | - J Forster
- Kinderabteilung St. Hedwig, St. Josefskrankenhaus , Freiburg und Merzhausen
| | | | - C Kemen
- Katholisches Kinderkrankenhaus Wilhelmstift, Hamburg
| | - C Lück
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden
| | - D Nadal
- Kinderspital Zürich, Schweiz
| | - T Nüßlein
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz
| | - N Regamey
- Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Kinderspital Luzern, Schweiz
| | - J Riedler
- Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Kardinal Schwarzenberg'sches Krankenhaus, Schwarzach, Österreich
| | - S Schmidt
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
| | - N Schwerk
- Pädiatrische Pneumologie, Allergologie und Neonatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
| | - J Seidenberg
- Klinik für pädiatrische Pneumologie und Allergologie, Neonatologie, Intensivmedizin und Kinderkardiologie, Klinikum Oldenburg
| | - T Tenenbaum
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim
| | | | - M van der Linden
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen
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Sterlin D, Fadlallah J, Adams O, Fieschi C, Parizot C, Dorgham K, Rajkumar A, Autaa G, El-Kafsi H, Charuel JL, Juste C, Jönsson F, Candela T, Wardemann H, Aubry A, Capito C, Brisson H, Tresallet C, Cummings RD, Larsen M, Yssel H, von Gunten S, Gorochov G. Correction: Human IgA bind a diverse array of commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133661. [PMID: 31990288 PMCID: PMC7953502 DOI: 10.1084/jem.2018163501152020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Adams O, Janser FA, Dislich B, Berezowska S, Humbert M, Seiler CA, Kroell D, Slotta-Huspenina J, Feith M, Ott K, Tschan MP, Langer R. A specific expression profile of LC3B and p62 is associated with nonresponse to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal adenocarcinomas. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197610. [PMID: 29897944 PMCID: PMC5999293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a powerful chemotherapeutic drug, used for the treatment of many cancer types, including esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC). Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation process maintaining cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy has been implicated in cancer biology and therapy resistance. We aimed to assess the impact of autophagy on chemotherapy response in EAC, with a special focus on paclitaxel. Responsiveness of EAC cell lines, OE19, FLO-1, OE33 and SK-GT-4, to paclitaxel was assessed using Alamar Blue assays. Autophagic flux upon paclitaxel treatment in vitro was assessed by immunoblotting of LC3B-II and quantitative assessment of WIP1 mRNA. Immunohistochemistry for the autophagy markers LC3B and p62 was applied on tumor tissue from 149 EAC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including pre- and post-therapeutic samples (62 matched pairs). Tumor response was assessed by histology. For comparison, previously published data on 114 primary resected EAC cases were used. EAC cell lines displayed differing responsiveness to paclitaxel treatment; however this was not associated with differential autophagy regulation. High p62 cytoplasmic expression on its own (p ≤ 0.001), or in combination with low LC3B (p = 0.034), was associated with nonresponse to chemotherapy, regardless of whether or not the regiments contained paclitaxel, but there was no independent prognostic value of LC3B or p62 expression patterns for EAC after neoadjuvant treatment. p62 and related pathways, most likely other than autophagy, play a role in chemotherapeutic response in EAC in a clinical setting. Therefore p62 could be a novel therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Félice A. Janser
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Dislich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Magali Humbert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian A. Seiler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dino Kroell
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Feith
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Katja Ott
- Department of Surgery, RoMED Klinikum, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Adams O, Dislich B, Berezowska S, Schläfli AM, Seiler CA, Kröll D, Tschan MP, Langer R. Prognostic relevance of autophagy markers LC3B and p62 in esophageal adenocarcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39241-39255. [PMID: 27250034 PMCID: PMC5129929 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) are aggressive tumors with considerable rates of chemoresistance. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation process, characterized by the formation of vesicles called autophagosomes, and has been implicated in cancer. Protein light chain 3 B (LC3B) and p62 are associated with autophagosomal membranes and degraded. We aimed to assess the impact of basal autophagy on EAC. In EAC cell lines, an increase in LC3B and p62 was observed with increasing concentrations of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, which indicates functional basal autophagy. LC3B and p62 immunohistochemistry was performed on primary resected EAC. High LC3B and p62 expression was associated with earlier tumor stages (p < 0.05). High nuclear and cytoplasmic p62 staining were associated with a better prognosis (p = 0.006; p = 0.028). Various combinations of p62 expression with or without LC3B expression identified different prognostic groups. Tumors with low total p62 (p = 0.007) or low LC3B/low p62 expression had the worst outcome (p = 0.007; p = 0.005). A combination score of dot-like/cytoplasmic p62 and nuclear p62 staining was an independent prognostic parameter (p = 0.033; HR = 0.6). This study highlights the potential significance of basal autophagy in EAC biology. Tumors with low LC3B and p62 expression show the most aggressive behavior and may be candidates for autophagy regulating therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Dislich
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna M Schläfli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian A Seiler
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dino Kröll
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital Bern and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Cordy H, Rouch K, Govier A, Adams O, Griffiths H, Singh S, Star L, Crossley L, Nicholls H, Datta D. Clinical outcomes from a tier three weight management service. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Niklaus M, Adams O, Berezowska S, Zlobec I, Graber F, Slotta-Huspenina J, Nitsche U, Rosenberg R, Tschan MP, Langer R. Expression analysis of LC3B and p62 indicates intact activated autophagy is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54604-54615. [PMID: 28903368 PMCID: PMC5589607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation and recycling process implicated in cancer progression and therapy resistance. We assessed the impact of basal autophagy in colon cancer (CC) in vitro and ex vivo. Functional autophagy was demonstrated in CC cell lines (LoVo; HT-29) showing a dose-dependent increase of the autophagy markers LC3B, p62 and autophagic vesciles upon increasing concentrations of the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, which was demonstrated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Next, tissue microarrays with 292 primary resected CC, with cores from different tumor regions, and normal mucosa were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for LC3B and p62. CC tissue showed LC3B dot-like, p62 dot-like, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining in various levels without significant intratumoral heterogeneity. Tumoral LC3B and p62 expression was significantly higher than in normal tissue (p<0.001). No associations between staining patterns and pathological features (e.g. TNM categories; grading) were observed. Both low LC3B dot-like and low p62 dot-like-cytoplasmic staining were associated with worse overall survival (p=0.005 and p=0.002). The best prognostic discrimination, however, was seen for a combination of LC3B dot-like/p62 dot-like-cytoplasmic staining: high expression of both markers, indicative of impaired activated autophagy, was associated with the best overall survival. In contrast, high LC3B dot-like/low p62 dot-like-cytoplasmic expression, indicative of intact activated autophagy, was associated with the worst outcome (p<0.001 in univariate and HR=0.751; CI=0.607-0.928; p=0.008 in multivariate analysis). These specific expression patterns of LC3B and p62 pointing to different states of autophagy associated with diverging clinical outcomes highlighte the potential significance of basal autophagy in CC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Niklaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Berezowska
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Graber
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, D-81675 München, Germany
| | - Robert Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Kantonsspital Liestal, CH-4410 Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of immunosuppressed patients caused by the JC polyomavirus (JCPyV). Due to the elevated risk in patients treated with natalizumab for multiple sclerosis (MS) and also treatment with other biologicals for different indications, the relevance of PML has increased in recent years. This article summarizes the published knowledge on the biology and pathogenesis of PML with a focus on the role of cerebrospinal fluid diagnostics in the work-up for PML and the current PML case definition. Current recommendations regarding risk management are discussed, as are possible therapies and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warnke
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - M P Wattjes
- Abteilung für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - O Adams
- Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - H-P Hartung
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - R Martin
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - T Weber
- Klinik für Neurologie, Kath. Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - M Stangel
- Klinik für Neurologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
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15
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Schläfli AM, Adams O, Galván JA, Gugger M, Savic S, Bubendorf L, Schmid RA, Becker KF, Tschan MP, Langer R, Berezowska S. Prognostic value of the autophagy markers LC3 and p62/SQSTM1 in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:39544-39555. [PMID: 27250032 PMCID: PMC5129952 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degrading process that promotes tumor cell survival or cell death in cancer, depending on the progress of oncogenesis. Protein light chain 3 (LC3) and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) are associated with autophagosomal membranes that engulf cytoplasmic content for subsequent degradation. We studied LC3 and p62 expression using immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of 466 stage I/II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a tissue microarray. We evaluated dot-like cytoplasmic expression of LC3 and dot-like, cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for p62 in relation to clinico-pathological parameters.LC3 expression correlated with all p62 patterns, as those correlated among each other (p < 0.001 each). There was no correlation with stage, age or gender. A combination of high LC3/high p62 dot-like staining (suggesting impaired autophagy) showed a trend for better outcome (p = 0.11). Interestingly, a combined low cytoplasmic/low nuclear p62 expression regardless of dot-like staining was an independent prognostic factor for longer survival (p = 0.006; HR=1.96), in addition to tumor stage (p = 0.004; HR=1.4).The autophagy markers LC3 and p62 are differentially expressed in NSCLC, pointing towards a biologically significant role. High LC3 levels seem to be linked to lower tumor aggressiveness, while high general p62 expression was significantly associated with aggressive tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivia Adams
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - José A. Galván
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Gugger
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Promed Laboratoire Médical, Marly, Switzerland
| | - Spasenija Savic
- Institute of Pathology, Universty Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, Universty Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph A. Schmid
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Berezowska S, Schläfli A, Adams O, Galván J, Bubendorf L, Prince SS, Schmid R, Gugger M, Tschan M, Langer R. 25P Autophagy in early stage NSCLC – prognostic significance of the autophagy markers p62 and LC3B. J Thorac Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(16)30139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Kaiser R, Knops E, Neumann-Fraune M, Timmen-Wego M, Gärtner B, Adams O. The Respiratory Virus Network – An initiative to collect and provide data on respiratory virus diseases via internet. J Clin Virol 2015. [PMCID: PMC7172605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Schläfli AM, Berezowska S, Adams O, Langer R, Tschan MP. Reliable LC3 and p62 autophagy marker detection in formalin fixed paraffin embedded human tissue by immunohistochemistry. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2481. [PMID: 26150155 PMCID: PMC4503968 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy assures cellular homeostasis, and gains increasing importance in cancer, where it impacts on carcinogenesis, propagation of the malignant phenotype and development of resistance. To date, its tissue-based analysis by immunohistochemistry remains poorly standardized. Here we show the feasibility of specifically and reliably assessing the autophagy markers LC3B and p62 (SQSTM1) in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded human tissue by immunohistochemistry. Preceding functional experiments consisted of depleting LC3B and p62 in H1299 lung cancer cells with subsequent induction of autophagy. Western blot and immunofluorescence validated antibody specificity, knockdown efficiency and autophagy induction prior to fixation in formalin and embedding in paraffin. LC3B and p62 antibodies were validated on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded cell pellets of treated and control cells and finally applied on a tissue microarray with 80 human malignant and non-neoplastic lung and stomach formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue samples. Dot-like staining of various degrees was observed in cell pellets and 18/40 (LC3B) and 22/40 (p62) tumors, respectively. Seventeen tumors were double positive for LC3B and p62. P62 displayed additional significant cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of unknown significance. Interobserver-agreement for grading of staining intensities and patterns was substantial to excellent (kappa values 0.60 - 0.83). In summary, we present a specific and reliable IHC staining of LC3B and p62 on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded human tissue. Our presented protocol is designed to aid reliable investigation of dysregulated autophagy in solid tumors and may be used on large tissue collectives.
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Hoepner R, Ahlbrecht J, Faissner S, Schneider R, Dahlhaus S, Adams O, Raab P, Lukas C, Chan A, Stangel M, Gold R. Clinical and paraclinical findings in natalizumab-associated infratentorial progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1177-8. [PMID: 24700881 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Hoepner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Ahlbrecht
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - R Schneider
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - S Dahlhaus
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - O Adams
- Department of Virology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - P Raab
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Lukas
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Chan
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital Bochum, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
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20
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Adams O, Weis J, Jasinska K, Vogel M, Tenenbaum T. Comparison of human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and Rhinovirus respiratory tract infections in young children admitted to hospital. J Med Virol 2014; 87:275-80. [PMID: 25074284 PMCID: PMC7166420 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and Rhinoviruses (RV) are frequent causes of respiratory tract infections in young children. We compared laboratory and clinical findings in children with comparable age distribution and hospitalized due to RSV, HMPV or RV infections. Viral pathogens were detected by a quantitative real time PCR from nasopharyngeal aspirates. No significant differences in the admission diagnosis, laboratory parameters, patient demographics and treatment measures between the three viral causes of respiratory illness were found. No correlation between viral load and disease severity was observed however, there was a significantly lower concentration of the nasopharyngeal interleukin 8 (IL‐8) in children with RV compared to HMPV and RSV, indicating a milder proinflammatory reaction. Moreover, RV‐infected children had significantly lower body temperature, higher leucocyte counts in peripheral blood, and a tendency to have a shorter stay in hospital than children with either HMPV or RSV infection. Taken together, clinical presentation of the infections with RSV, HMPV, and RV is similar among children of the same age group and not clearly distinguishable by standard clinical or laboratory findings. Therefore, virus specific testing should be included regularly for routine diagnosis of children with respiratory tract infections. J. Med. Virol. 87:275–280, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adams
- Institute of Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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21
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Babor F, Grund S, Siepermann M, Oommen P, Kuhlen M, Schuster F, Laws HJ, Wessalowski R, Bienemann K, Janßen G, Adams O, Borkhardt A, Meisel R. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza infection in pediatric hemato-oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Transpl Infect Dis 2012; 14:589-94. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Babor
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - S. Grund
- Institute of Virology; Heinrich-Heine University; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - M. Siepermann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - P.T. Oommen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - M. Kuhlen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - F.R. Schuster
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - H.-J. Laws
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - R. Wessalowski
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - K. Bienemann
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - G. Janßen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - O. Adams
- Institute of Virology; Heinrich-Heine University; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - A. Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - R. Meisel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine University, Medical Faculty; Düsseldorf; Germany
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22
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Ghosh S, Adams O, Schuster F, Borkhardt A, Meisel R. Efficient control of pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus infection with intravenous zanamivir despite the lack of immune function. Transpl Infect Dis 2012; 14:657-9. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghosh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - O. Adams
- Institute of Virology; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - F.R. Schuster
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - A. Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf; Germany
| | - R. Meisel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology; Hematology and Clinical Immunology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health; Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-Universität; Düsseldorf; Germany
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Tenenbaum T, Franz A, Neuhausen N, Willems R, Brade J, Schweitzer-Krantz S, Adams O, Schroten H, Henrich B. Clinical characteristics of children with lower respiratory tract infections are dependent on the carriage of specific pathogens in the nasopharynx. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31:3173-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Klocke F, Gierlings S, Adams O, Auerbach T, Kamps S, Veselovac D, Eckstein M, Kirchheim A, Blattner M, Thiel R, Kohler D. New Concepts of Force Measurement Systems for Specific Machining Processes in Aeronautic Industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2012.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Garzon M, Adams O, Veselovac D, Blattner M, Thiel R, Kirchheim A. High Speed Micro Machining Processes Analysis for the Precision Manufacturing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Warnke C, Adams O, Gold R, Hartung HP, Hohlfeld R, Wiendl H, Kieseier BC. [Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy under natalizumab. Initial possibilities for risk stratification?]. Nervenarzt 2011; 82:475-80. [PMID: 21240604 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-010-3091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Natalizumab (Tysabri®) is the first monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) but while treatment is highly efficient, it carries the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Based on reports of confirmed cases of PML, the risk of PML might increase beyond 24 months of treatment. Thus, attempts to stratify patients treated with natalizumab into those carrying higher or lower risk for developing PML are currently being undertaken. Among these strategies JC virus serology might potentially be the first tool available. As a large variety of methods have been published resulting in controversial results for JC virus seroprevalence, standardized testing will be mandatory when applying this method in clinical practice. In addition, risk management strategies for the seropositive majority of patients need to be redefined and optimized further.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Warnke
- Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf
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Ghosh S, Neubert J, Niehues T, Adams O, Morali-Karzei N, Borkhardt A, Laws HJ. Induction maintenance concept for HAART as initial treatment in HIV infected infants. Eur J Med Res 2011; 16:243-8. [PMID: 21810557 PMCID: PMC3353398 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-16-6-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV infected infants leads to improved long-term viral suppression and survival. Guidelines recommend initiating therapy with a triple ART consisting of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and either one additional non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) or a protease inhibitor (PI). Compared to older children and adults, viral relapse is seen more frequently in infants receiving triple ART. We now address the possibility of a more potent ART with a quadruple induction and triple maintenance therapy. Methods We examine the longitudinal course in four HIV infected infants, who were referred from other centers and could not be recruited to multicentre trials. We introduced ART initially consisting of two NRTIs, one NNRTI and one PI and later discontinued the PI at the age of 12 months maintaining a triple regime consisting of two NRTIs and one NNRTI. Results Provided that therapy adherence was maintained we observed an effective sustained decline of viral load and significant CD4 cell reconstitution even after switching to a triple regime. No drug associated toxicity was seen. Conclusion We suggest that a four drug therapy might be a possible initial therapy option in HIV infected infants, at least in those with a high viral load, followed by a maintenance triple regime after 12 months of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujal Ghosh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Grund S, Adams O, Wählisch S, Schweiger B. Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition assay, an ELISA-based micro-neutralization assay and colorimetric microneutralization assay to detect antibody responses to vaccination against influenza A H1N1 2009 virus. J Virol Methods 2010; 171:369-73. [PMID: 21146560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay has been the main method used to investigate immune responses to vaccination against influenza H1N1 (2009) virus. However microneutralization tests (MNT) have been shown to be more sensitive and more specific. In this study, the three methods of choice: (i) the HI assay, (ii) an ELISA-based conventional MNT and (iii) a colorimetric MNT in terms of their ability to detect antibody responses in serum pairs collected from 43 healthy individuals before and 21 days after vaccination were compared. The colorimetric MNT was established yielding intra- and inter-run imprecisions of 7.5% and 12.4%, respectively. Testing of antisera to seasonal influenza viruses demonstrated the assay to be specific for antibodies to influenza H1N1 (2009) virus. A good correlation between the three methods was found, being highest for the ELISA-MNT and the colorimetric MNT (r=0.714 for geometric mean titers (GMT) and r=0.695 for titer increases). Similar rates of fourfold titer increases were detected: 95.3% in the ELISA-MNT vs. 93.0% in colorimetric MNT and 95.3% in HI assay. The ELISA-based MNT demonstrated the highest titer range leading to the highest postvaccination GMT and the highest titer increase (>50-fold). The lowest GMTs were measured with the HI assay, while the colorimetric MNT detected the highest GMT in prevaccination sera. Taken together, similar seroconversion rates were obtained with the three assays. The ELISA-MNT appeared to be the best method to compare absolute pre- and postvaccination GMTs. The colorimetric MNT, being less labour-intensive than the ELISA-MNT, seems to be a suitable tool in vaccination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grund
- Institute of Virology of the University of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Schönberger S, Meisel R, Adams O, Pufal Y, Laws HJ, Enczmann J, Dilloo D. Prospective, comprehensive, and effective viral monitoring in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2010; 16:1428-35. [PMID: 20399877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2010.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in the monitoring and treatment of viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have been achieved over the last decade. The appropriate extent of viral monitoring and antiviral therapy remains controversial, and reports in pediatric patients receiving allogeneic unmanipulated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are sparse. A total of 40 pediatric patients who underwent HSCT with either peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs, n = 30) or bone marrow (BM; n = 10) were prospectively monitored every week for viral DNAemia (VDNA) by simultaneous detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6), human adenovirus (ADV), and polyoma BK virus (BKV) using real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All patients received prophylactic acyclovir and preemptive ganciclovir (GCV) when 500 copies/microg DNA (EBV/HHV6) or >1 copy/microg DNA (CMV) were detected on 2 consecutive measurements. VDNA occurred in 25 of 40 recipients (CMV, 11/40 patients [28%]; EBV, 19/40 [48%]; HHV6, 2/40 [5%]; ADV/BKV, 1/40) and was found exclusively after neutrophil engraftment and in most cases up to day +100. Recurrent VDNA (P = .028) and (readily treatable) viral disease (P = .003) were observed predominantly in patients suffering from nonmalignant diseases, a cohort characterized by delayed lymphocyte engraftment. VDNA occurred more frequently in HLA-mismatched HSCT and in the 24 of 40 patients receiving antithymocyte globulin (ATG). The incidence of EBV, but not that of CMV, was increased in the ATG group. Yet, in these patients, viral loads of both EBV and CMV were higher, but with prompt initiation of preemptive GCV, no posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder or other life-threatening morbidities occurred. HHV6 was typically detected at low viral loads (<10(2) copies/microg DNA), with only 5% of HSC recipients fulfilling our HHV6 criteria for triggering GCV treatment. In multivariate analysis, ATG treatment, HLA mismatch, recipient CMV seropositivity, and stem cell source, but not severe acute graft-versus-host disease were identified as independent risk factors for VDNA. This comprehensive viral monitoring program with defined thresholds for initiation of preemptive GCV effectively prevents the development of critical viral disease, even in high-risk patients receiving ATG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schönberger
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Grund S, Klein A, Adams O. Expression plasmids are only useful for the investigation of co-receptor tropism and fusion capacity of short HIV-1 envelope domains. J Virol Methods 2010; 166:106-9. [PMID: 20304009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Expression vectors have been used widely to identify functionally important domains in HIV-1 glycoproteins. Env domains such as the V3 loop were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inserted into plasmids carrying the backbone of an HIV-1 reference strain like NL4-3. The hypothesis of the present approach was that cloning large domains of wild type envelopes yields constructs that are non-functional in co-receptor-expressing HeLaCD4 cells, in contrast to laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strains. The background for this assumption was that primary HIV-1 virions are frequently less infectious and lack fusion capacity in HeLaCD4 cells compared to laboratory-adapted (LA) viruses. To address this hypothesis, env domains of different length were amplified from a panel of X4-tropic HIV-1 clinical isolates cultured in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and cloned into the backbone of NL4-3 env. Constructs bearing either the V3 loops or 312 nucleotides of the intracellular trunk (ICT) of gp41 led to a similar fusion capacity as NL4-3. In contrast, none of the plasmids carrying the 2322 N-terminal nucleotides of primary isolates led to similar syncytium formation. These results have an effect on studies that investigate pathogenic effects of Env regions with chimeric constructs in the backbone of HIV reference envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grund
- Institute of Virology of the University of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University, Geb. 22.21, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Sagir A, Adams O, Oette M, Vogel M, Kupfer B, Emmelkamp J, Rockstroh J, Häussinger D. SEN Virus infection in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. Eur J Med Res 2008; 13:495-499. [PMID: 19073384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is currently one of the most relevant coinfections in HIV positive patients. The influence of SEN Virus (SENV) on the outcome of HCV therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients who underwent combination therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin is unclear. METHODS SENV DNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 67 HIV/HCV coinfected patients, 77 HIV monoinfected patients, 95 treatment naive HCV monoinfetcted patients, and 122 healthy blood donors. Quantitative analysis was done for SENV H DNA. RESULTS SENV DNA was detected in 8 of 67 (12%) HIV/HCV coinfected patients, in 9 of 77 (11.7%) HIV monoinfected patients, in 21 of 95 (22%) HCV monoinfected patients, and 12 of 122 (9.8%) healthy blood donors. HIV monoinfected patients showed the highest mean SENV H DNA level. The mean SENV H DNA was significantly lower in HIV/HCV coinfected patients compared to all other groups. The sustained virological response rates to combination therapy of HCV in HIV/HCV coinfected patients did not differ between patients with detectable SENV 5/8 (62.5%) and without SENV 28/59 (47.5%; p = 0.47). We found no significant difference in SENV H DNA pretreatment levels between nonresponders and responders to combination therapy (112 +/- 144 copies vs. 8 +/- 7 copies/ml; p = 0.27). CONCLUSION Coinfection with HCV may reduce SENV H replication in HIV positive patients and results in significantly lower SENV H DNA levels in HIV/HCV coinfected patients. SENV infection has no influence on the outcome of HCV combination therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sagir
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinik Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Friebe-Hoffmann U, Gehrke J, Stanniegel H, Neubert J, Adams O, Oette M, Niehuis T. Single Centre Analyse zur HIV Transmissionsprophylaxe: Hohe Transmissionsrate wegen fehlender HIV Testung in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ludwig A, Adams O, Laws HJ, Schroten H, Tenenbaum T. Quantitative detection of norovirus excretion in pediatric patients with cancer and prolonged gastroenteritis and shedding of norovirus. J Med Virol 2008; 80:1461-7. [PMID: 18551595 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic courses of norovirus infection have been described in immunocompromised patients, little is known about noroviral shedding and correlation with clinical symptoms in these patients. In this report, the quantitative courses of norovirus excretion in nine pediatric patients with hematologic and oncologic disorders and prolonged gastroenteritis were investigated. In a retrospective study multiple fecal samples from nine pediatric cancer patients were examined by a one-step real-time PCR. Clinical data of the patients were reviewed and virological data were correlated with clinical symptoms. All nine patients presented with prolonged illness and prolonged noroviral shedding. Vomiting and diarrhea were associated with high norovirus concentrations and norovirus excretion declined slowly in the patients. Retrospectively, initial PCR-testing for norovirus was performed with a median of 7 days after onset of symptoms. This finding hints at the difficulty of obtaining early diagnosis of the infection in these children. The patients were shedding high norovirus concentration over a long period of time. Results of sequential quantitative PCR-testing for norovirus correlated with clinical symptoms. Both clinical symptoms and quantitative PCR-testings help to define the severity of norovirus infection and to estimate the risk for transmission. To prevent the spread of the disease, usage of virocidal disinfectants and isolation procedures should be maintained as long as patients are positive for noroviruses. Since vomiting is frequent in pediatric patients with oncological conditions, a screening program for rapid detection of norovirus infection in this group of patients should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ludwig
- Institute for Virology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Hennewig U, Schulz A, Adams O, Friedrich W, Göbel U, Niehues T. Severe combined immunodeficiency signalized by eosinophilia and lymphopenia in rotavirus infected infants. Klin Padiatr 2008; 219:343-7. [PMID: 18050045 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-985877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of several different subtypes. Most subtypes present during infancy and without treatment, infections usually lead to early death. Diagnosis of SCID can be difficult as new subtypes are expected to be discovered soon. Late diagnosis is associated with a poorer outcome. Infections like rotavirus enteritis cannot be cleared in children with SCID due to impaired immunity. The aim of our study was to identify clues in children with rotavirus enteritis that aid to diagnose SCID early. PATIENTS AND METHODS Total white blood counts in a cohort of SCID patients with persistent rotavirus infection at diagnosis (n=18) were compared to total white blood counts in matched control patients without SCID but with rotavirus infection. RESULTS Relative and absolute lymphopenia and eosinophilia were more common in SCID patients (p<0.005). CONCLUSION In infants with rotavirus infection, a full blood count should be performed: Eosinophilia and/or lymphopenia raise a high suspicion of SCID.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hennewig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf
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Abstract
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a rare entity caused by Herpes viruses. An immunocompromised background and the complications of ARN mostly lead to a poor visual outcome. Confirmation of the early diagnosis through polymerase chain reaction and antibody detection from aqueous or vitreous taps is recommended to improve the medical management and prevent disease progression with an increased risk of complications. Favourable outcomes are possible by means of combined antiviral systemic and intravitreal strategies with Acyclovir, Foscarnet and Ganciclovir. We report on the relevant literature recommendations and our own experience.
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Laws HJ, Schneider DT, Janssen G, Wessalowski R, Dilloo D, Meisel R, Adams O, Mackenzie C, Göbel U. Trends in infections in children with malignant disease in 2000: comparison of data of 1980/81. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2007; 24:343-54. [PMID: 17613879 DOI: 10.1080/08880010701391788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Children with cancer have an overall chance of survival of 70-80%. Despite significant advances in supportive care during the last years, infections remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and death. Between January and December 2000, oncology patients (ONC) treated on a pediatric oncology ward after chemotherapy (n = 109), loco-regional thermochemotherapy (n = 13), or hematopoietic stem cell (HSCT) transplantation (n = 35) suffered a total of 249 febrile infectious complications (HSCT 40/ONC 209). These episodes were analyzed retrospectively and compared with 125 ONC patients with 133 febrile infections in 1980/81. The relative incidence of fever of unknown origin (FUO) decreased from 1980/81 to 2000 (p <.001). The frequency of bloodstream infections (BSI) in febrile episodes was comparable in both periods with 37% (50/135) in 1980 and 29% (72/249) in 2000. In both periods, gram-positive bacteria were the most frequent organisms, whereas gram-negative organisms were detected in approximately 20% of BSI. In 1980/81 microbiologically (MDI) or clinically documented infections (CDI) were not detected, whereas in 2000 27% of all infectious were MDI/CDI. During the last 20 years, improved diagnostic tools have resulted in an increased detection rate of infectious agents causing febrile episodes in pediatric cancer patients. The comparison of the two observation periods did not reveal a change in the microbiologic spectrum. Despite the fact that in 2000 more patients were treated with intensified chemotherapy because of relapse, infection-related mortality was unchanged compared to 1980/81. This observation may indicate a sufficient preemptive antibacterial therapy followed by better diagnostic tools and goal-oriented treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Laws
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Friebe-Hoffmann U, Gehrke J, Neubert J, Stannigel H, Adams O, Koch S, Oette M, Niehues T. Single Centre Analyse zur HIV Transmissionsprophylaxe: Hohe Transmissionsrate wegen fehlender HIV-Testung in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Friebe-Hoffmann U, Gehrke J, Neubert J, Adams O, Oette M, Niehues T. HIV Transmissionsprophylaxe: Hohe Transmissionsrate wegen fehlender HIV Testung in der Schwangerschaft–Single Centre Analyse. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1002831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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von Geldern G, Cepok S, Nolting T, Grummel V, Adams O, Hartung HP, Arendt G, Hemmer B. The impact of CD8+ T-cell subsets on HIV replication in the cerebrospinal fluid. Akt Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-987468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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von Geldern G, Cepok S, Nolting T, Grummel V, Hartung H, Adams O, Arendt G, Hemmer B. B cell responses in HIV infection of the central nervous system. Akt Neurol 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-953033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Müller BT, Huber R, Henrich B, Adams O, Berns G, Siebler M, Jander S, Müller W, Loncar R, Godehardt E, Sandmann W. Chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis. Does infection influence plaque stability? VASA 2005; 34:163-9. [PMID: 16184834 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526.34.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current debates are focused on inflammatory processes in atherosclerotic lesions as a possible pathomechanism for destabilization and thrombembolism. In this prospective study the role of systemic and local infection in patients with high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis (ICA) was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum antibody titers of 109 consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for ICA stenosis (asymptomatic n = 40, symptomatic n = 69) were prospectively measured for Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) (IgA and IgG), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (IgG, IgM) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (IgG, IgM) respectively. 53 carotis plaques of this group (asymptomatic n = 17, symptomatic n = 36) could be analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Cpn-, HSV- and CMV-DNA presence. RESULTS Seropositivity was found in 61,5% for Cpn, 91,7% for HSV and 72,5% CMV respectively. No significant relation was found between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients as well as no difference was seen for presence of IgA antibodies against Cpn comparing both groups. Plaque-PCR revealed Cpn in 7 cases (13,2%), HSV in 2 cases (3,8%) and no CMV had been detected. Again, no significant relationship was found concerning symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. All 9 PCR-positive plaques displayed lesions of "complicated atherosclerosis" as central fibrous necrosis and calcification or plaque bleeding and surface thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis that systemic Cpn, HSV or CMV- infection or evidence of Cpn-, HSV- or CMV-DNA in carotid plaques causes plaque destabilization and cerebral thromboembolism. Plaque infection could only be observed in cases with advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Müller
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Clinic für Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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von Giesen H, Adams O, Nolting T, Köller H, Arendt G. Korrelation der HIV-Liquorviruslast mit verschiedenen Phasen der HIV-assoziierten ZNS Erkrankung. Akt Neurol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-919178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Adams O, Besken K, Oberdörfer C, MacKenzie CR, Rüssing D, Däubener W. Inhibition of human herpes simplex virus type 2 by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Microbes Infect 2004; 6:806-12. [PMID: 15374002 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2003] [Accepted: 04/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a significant clinical problem. Infection in pregnancy may result in disseminated infection of the newborn with encephalitis. We analyzed the antiviral effects induced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa) and astrocytoma cells (86HG39). We found that replication of HSV-2 in HeLa cells and in 86HG39 cells is inhibited after stimulation of the cells by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The antiviral effect of IFN-gamma is enhanced in the presence of TNF-alpha, while stimulation by TNF-alpha alone did not induce antiviral activity. We found that IFN-gamma induces a strong activation of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and in addition, that the IFN-gamma-induced IDO activity was enhanced in the presence of TNF-alpha. Furthermore, we found that the induction of IDO activity is responsible for the inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication, since the presence of excess amounts of l-tryptophan abrogates the antiviral effect induced by IFN-gamma and the combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. We therefore conclude that the antiviral effect against HSV-2 mediated by type II interferon and TNF-alpha are dependent on IDO activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adams
- Institut für Virologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Klein RM, Jiang H, Niederacher D, Adams O, Du M, Horlitz M, Schley P, Marx R, Lankisch MR, Brehm MU, Strauer BE, Gabbert HE, Scheffold T, Gülker H. Frequency and quantity of the parvovirus B19 genome in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with suspected myocarditis or idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 93:300-9. [PMID: 15085375 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-004-0079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2003] [Accepted: 01/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (PB19) has been identified as a possible cause of myocarditis and heart failure in both children and adult patients. This study used real time PCR analysis, to determine the frequency and to quantify PB19 viral genomes in endomyocardial tissue samples from 80 adult patients with clinically suspected myocarditis or idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction and from 36 controls. Histological (Dallas classification) and immunohistological analyses were performed to detect myocardial inflammation in the endomyocardial biopsies.PB19 genomic DNA was found in nine of 80 patients (11.2%), 4 out of 31 (12.9%) patients with inflammatory infiltrates detected via immunohistological methods and 5 out of 49 (10.2%) patients with left ventricular dysfunction without myocardial inflammation. The copy numbers for PB19 DNA ranged between 30 and 3900 per microg of cellular DNA. Four patients with clinically suspected myocarditis had copy numbers for PB19 DNA of 70, 740, 3400 and 3900, respectively, per microg of cellular DNA in the endomyocardial biopsy. Five patients with idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction had copy numbers for PB19 DNA of 30, 38, 52, 58 and 90, respectively, per microg of cellular DNA in the endomyocardial biopsy. The amplicon of one of the nine positive PCR fragment was sequenced and was found to be fully identical in the highly conserved sequence of published Parvovirus B19 VP1/VP2 genes (NCBI gene bank). In all patients, acute myocarditis was excluded according to the Dallas classification. All biopsies of 36 controls with no history of myocarditis or recent viral infection were negative for myocardial inflammation and parvovirus B19 genomes. In summary, Parvovirus B19 DNA is present within the myocardium of patients with suspected myocarditis and idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction and can be detected and quantified in endomyocardial specimens via real time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Klein
- Department of Cardiology, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Arrenbergerstr. 20, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Adams O, Besken K, Oberdörfer C, MacKenzie CR, Takikawa O, Däubener W. Role of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in alpha/beta and gamma interferon-mediated antiviral effects against herpes simplex virus infections. J Virol 2004; 78:2632-6. [PMID: 14963171 PMCID: PMC369218 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.5.2632-2636.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-mediated indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in human astrocytoma cells and in native astrocytes was found to be responsible for the inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. The effect is abolished in the presence of excess amounts of L-tryptophan. Both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta restricted herpes simplex virus replication in both cell types, but (in contrast to the results seen with IFN-gamma) the addition of an excess amount of L-tryptophan did not inhibit the induced antiviral effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Adams
- Institut für Virologie. Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany. Department of Cell Pharmacology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Manegold C, Thomas S, Jablonowski H, Chiwakata CB, Alwazzeh M, Adams O, Dietrich M, Häussinger D. Determinants of long-term highly active antiretroviral treatment efficacy. HIV Med 2004; 5:40-9. [PMID: 14731169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2004.00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Predictors of the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been investigated in several studies. To increase current knowledge, the study aimed to acquire comprehensive data over an extended observation time, to obtain information on possible performance differences among individual drugs, and to identify factors with influence on the initial response to a HAART regimen and the sustainability of the response. METHODS The data were obtained from a prospective, single University Medical School HIV cohort. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters for 475 patients were collected over 4.5 years. HAART efficacy was determined by analysis of variance and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS The overall initial complete response (CR) (<500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL) was 76.3%. Use of indinavir [odds ratio (OR)=2.747, P=0.0009] and the number of new nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (OR=1.862, P=0.0017) were positively associated with CR, while initial peripheral blood HIV RNA concentration (OR=0.383, P<0.0001), use of saquinavir hard gel capsules (OR=0.531, P=0.0302), the number of successive HAART regimens (OR=0.631, P<0.0001), and the number of previously used NRTIs (OR=0.728, P=0.0081) were negatively associated with CR. Sustainability of CR was positively correlated with use of indinavir [hazard ratio of relapse (HR)=0.255, P<0.0001] and haemoglobin levels (HR=0.873, P=0.0124), but negatively correlated with initial HIV RNA concentration (HR=1.273, P=0.0003) and the number of previously used NRTIs (HR=1.587, P<0.0001). A higher number of consecutive HAART regimens was associated with a markedly reduced CR, but with only a slightly higher risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS The initial response to HAART, as well as long-term efficacy, depends strongly on a few fundamental parameters that can easily be assessed in a clinical setting. There is a need for effective suppression of HIV replication over decades, and these factors should be considered early in treatment planning to identify patients with an unfavourable profile of risk factors for treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manegold
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Infektiologie, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Zurn P, Dal Poz MR, Adams O. [The World Health Organization and the development of human resources of the health system]. Cah Sociol Demogr Med 2003; 43:467-83. [PMID: 14669642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Health workforce is among the main components of the health care system. The performance of the latter depends on the knowledge, competence and motivations of the various categories of health workers. The task of the World Health Organization is to analyze the main problems related to health workforce and to help member-states overcome these problems. An other task is to facilitate intercountry comparisons. To attain these objectives, WHO has developed a conceptual framework, taking into account elements such as the labour market, the health care system, the policies and macro-factors (economic, socio-demographic). Among the main issues related today to health workforce, one can quote: the numbers and distribution of health workers, their migration, their involvement into the field of public health, the contents of their training, and, finally, the increased risk factors they are challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zurn
- Economiste de la santé, Département de la prestation des services de santé, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, Genève
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Nath A, Kristensson K, Adams O. Free posters B. J Neurovirol 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/13550280290100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Adams O. Is Canada's Medicare system sustainable? A review of recent policy recommendations. Hosp Q 2001; 4:6, 8-9. [PMID: 11592247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Sengler U, Reinhard T, Adams O, Krempe C, Sundmacher R. Herpes simplex virus infection in the media of donor corneas during organ culture: frequency and consequences. Eye (Lond) 2001; 15:644-7. [PMID: 11702978 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2001.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE According to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies 2-38% of organ culture donor corneas may contain herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA, but there are only 6 reported instances of proven virus replication in a corneoscleral disc. Moreover there are only 6 patients reported in whom primary graft failure and extensive post-operative epithelial defects were probably caused by a herpetic infection of the corneal graft. Recently we observed virus replication in a donor cornea with subsequent complete endothelial necrosis in our cornea bank. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible correlation between herpetic donor cornea infection and endothelial necrosis in organ culture. METHODS To evaluate the frequency of HSV as a reason for endothelial necrosis in organ culture we tested the media of 199 donor corneas discarded due to an altered endothelium in the years 1997 to 1999 by PCR for HSV. As a negative control group we screened the media of 117 transplanted corneas using PCR. RESULTS In the control group we had only negative PCR results, in contrast to the corneas with severe or complete endothelial necrosis where HSV DNA was detected in 12 media of the corneas of 9 donors. Virus could be cultivated out of 7 media. CONCLUSIONS (1) HSV replication is a common cause of severe endothelial necrosis in organ culture corneas. (2) Replication of the virus during organ culture comes close to a virus cultivation using the corneoscleral disc as a cell culture. (3) We consider the danger of transplanting active HSV to be very small if critical assessment of the graft prior to surgery is carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sengler
- Eye Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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