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Alothman OY, Awad S, Siakeng R, Khalaf EM, Fouad H, Abd El‐salam NM, Ahmed F, Jawaid M. Fabrication and characterization of polylactic acid/natural fiber extruded composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer Awad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology University of New England Armidale Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Al‐Maarif University College, Ramadi 31001 Anbar Iraq
| | - Ramengmawii Siakeng
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Eman M. Khalaf
- Pharmacy department Al‐Maarif University College Ramadi Iraq
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Abd El‐salam
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Faraz Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
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2
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Kian LK, Jawaid M, Mahmoud MH, Saba N, Fouad H, Alothman OY, Vaseashta A. Characterization and fabrication of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/nanocrystalline cellulose composite membranes for heavy metal ion separation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lau Kia Kian
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forestry Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forestry Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed H. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Saba
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forestry Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Helwan Egypt
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashok Vaseashta
- Office of Applied Research International Clean Water Institute Manassas Virginia USA
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3
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Alshammari BA, Alothman OY, Alhamidi A, Jawaid M, Shaikh HM. Effect of Accelerated Weathering on the Thermal, Tensile, and Morphological Characteristics of Polypropylene/Date Nanofiller Composites. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6053. [PMID: 36079432 PMCID: PMC9457322 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aging of polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with date palm nanofiber (DNF) was investigated in this study in order to predict their long-term performance. To produce composites, date palm nanofibers in the range of 1-5 wt% loading were dry-melt-blended with polypropylene. These biocomposites were then subjected to UV exposure (Xenon arch source) for accelerated weathering for 250 and 500 h according to a standard method. The change in thermal properties before and after accelerated weathering was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA analysis shows that the maximum degradation temperature for sample at 1 wt% loading was 382.7 °C, which slightly decreased to 379.9 °C after 250 h and to 367.7 °C after 500 h of weathering. DSC analysis also revealed lower crystallinity of the same samples after exposure to accelerated weathering. Mechanical properties were also studied to identify the damage induced by accelerated weathering. The tensile strength of the highest loading (5 wt%) of the sample was found to occur at 34.83 MPa, which was slightly lowered to 31.64 after 500 h treatment. A minimal decrease in tensile strength, deterioration, and weathering-induced oxidation indicates the excellent stability of these composites. Therefore, our study provides insight into the aging behavior of such composites, which may be useful in dry conditions, as well as nonstructural automotive and other parts for which minimum tensile strength (~25 MPa) is specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer A. Alshammari
- Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alhamidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Department of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hamid M. Shaikh
- SABIC Polymer Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Alrshoudi F, Abdus Samad U, Alothman OY. Evaluation of the Effect of Recycled Polypropylene as Fine Aggregate Replacement on the Strength Performance and Chloride Penetration of Mortars. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142806. [PMID: 35890581 PMCID: PMC9318618 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the re-use and recycling of industrial wastes to reduce the environmental impact and landfill problems are the main concerns of researchers. Plastics are one of the main waste materials worldwide, with considerable impacts on health and environmental conditions. Recycling plastic wastes in the concrete industry is one of the adopted ways to reduce such impact and increase the economic recyclability of plastics. In this study, the utilization of recycled polypropylene (rPP) as a fine aggregate in the preparation of cement mortars was evaluated. The river sand was replaced with 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, volumes of rPP. The results showed that the inclusion of rPP reduced the mortar's workability and fresh density. Fresh density dropped from 11% to 35% as the rPP content increased. Furthermore, the compressive strength at early and late age was significantly influenced by the rPP content. At 28 days of curing age, the results showed that the inclusion of 50% of rPP in the mortar matrix led to a drop in the compression strength from 40 MPa to 10 MPa. A similar trend of results was obtained for the flexural (from 8.3 MPa to 2.9 MPa) and tensile strengths (from 3.4 MPa to 1.21 MPa). The chloride ion penetration went through a maximum of 5000 Coulombs between 10% and 50 % of rPP. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of 10% of rPP as a river sand replacement can achieve acceptable strength (25 MPa) for several applications in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahed Alrshoudi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ubair Abdus Samad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials (CEREM), King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Alsubaie FM, Alothman OY, Fouad H, Mourad AHI. ABC-Type Triblock Copolyacrylamides via Copper-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:116. [PMID: 35012138 PMCID: PMC8747352 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) of triblock copolymers with two block sequences at 0.0 °C is reported herein. Well-defined triblock copolymers initiated from PHEAA or PDMA, containing (A) 2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), (B) N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and (C) N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), were synthesized. The ultrafast one-pot synthesis of sequence-controlled triblock copolymers via iterative sequential monomer addition after full conversion, without any purification steps throughout the monomer additions, was performed. The narrow dispersities of the triblock copolymers proved the high degree of end-group fidelity of the starting macroinitiator and the absence of any significant undesirable side reactions. Controlled chain length and extremely narrow molecular weight distributions (dispersity ~1.10) were achieved, and quantitative conversion was attained in as little as 52 min. The full disproportionation of CuBr in the presence of Me6TREN in water prior to both monomer and initiator addition was crucially exploited to produce a well-defined ABC-type triblock copolymer. In addition, the undesirable side reaction that could influence the living nature of the system was investigated. The ability to incorporate several functional monomers without affecting the living nature of the polymerization proves the versatility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- National Water and Energy Centre, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Chee SS, Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Fouad H. Effects of Nanoclay on Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Bamboo/Kenaf Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:395. [PMID: 33513718 PMCID: PMC7865575 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current work aims to study the mechanical and dynamical mechanical properties of non-woven bamboo (B)/woven kenaf (K)/epoxy (E) hybrid composites filled with nanoclay. The nanoclay-filled BK/E hybrid composites were prepared by dispersing 1 wt.% nanoclay (organically-modified montmorillonite (MMT; OMMT), montmorillonite (MMT), and halloysite nanotube (HNT)) with high shear speed homogenizer followed by hand lay-up fabrication technique. The effect of adding nanoclay on the tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were studied. Fractography of tensile-fractured sample of hybrid composites was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope. The dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to study the viscoelastic properties of the hybrid nanocomposites. BK/E-OMMT exhibit enhanced mechanical properties compared to the other hybrid nanocomposites, with tensile, flexural, and impact strength values of 55.82 MPa, 105 MPa, and 65.68 J/m, respectively. Statistical analysis and grouping information were performed by one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and Tukey method, and it corroborates that the mechanical properties of the nanoclay-filled hybrid nanocomposites are statistically significant. The storage modulus of the hybrid nanocomposites was improved by 98.4%, 41.5%, and 21.7% with the addition of OMMT, MMT, and HNT, respectively. Morphology of the tensile fracture BK/E-OMMT composites shows that lesser voids, microcracks and fibers pull out due to strong fiber-matrix adhesion compared to other hybrid composites. Hence, the OMMT-filled BK/E hybrid nanocomposites can be utilized for load-bearing structure applications, such as floor panels and seatbacks, whereby lightweight and high strength are the main requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Sand Chee
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 1790, Egypt
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Khatoon Z, Fouad H, Alothman OY, Hashem M, Ansari ZA, Ansari SA. Doped SnO 2 Nanomaterials for E-Nose Based Electrochemical Sensing of Biomarkers of Lung Cancer. ACS Omega 2020; 5:27645-27654. [PMID: 33134728 PMCID: PMC7594335 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer detection includes detection of a pattern formed by multiple volatile organic compounds. An individual material has limited selectivity and hence requires tailoring to improve the selectivity and sensing properties. An electronic nose (e-nose) is a concept/device that can help in achieving selectivity and specificity for multiple volatile organic compounds at the same time by using an array of sensors. In this paper, Co and Ni doping in tin oxide was used to investigate as a sensor material for e-nose development. These were synthesized using a sol-gel method and were characterized for structural, morphological, and elemental assessment using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated the formation of the composite nanomaterial of SnO2. These synthesized materials were then used as a working electrode in the form of a screen-printed electrode to determine 1-propanol and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) sensing characteristics. Electrochemical characterization was done by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In the case of CV studies, well-defined and distinct redox peaks are observed at different potential values indicating the changes due to the dopants. Ni doping in SnO2 shows the highest sensitivity of 2.99 μA/ppb for isopropyl alcohol and 3.11 for 1-propanol, within the detection range. Furthermore, Co-SnO2 shows selectivity for IPA, while Ni-SnO2 is selective to 1-propanol against all other volatile compounds analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeenat Khatoon
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied
Medical Science Dept., Community College, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical
Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, 11792, Egypt
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Chemical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Dental
Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubaida A. Ansari
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shafeeque Ahmed Ansari
- Centre
for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Chee SS, Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Yahaya R. Thermo-oxidative stability and flammability properties of bamboo/kenaf/nanoclay/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21686-21697. [PMID: 35516649 PMCID: PMC9054550 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three types of nanoclay [halloysite nanotube (HNT), montmorillonite (MMT) and organically modified MMT (OMMT)] were incorporated into bamboo/kenaf (B/K) reinforced epoxy hybrid composites to compare their thermo-oxidative (TOD) stability and flammability properties. B/K (50 : 50) hybrid nanocomposites were fabricated by adding 1% loading (by weight) nanoclay through a hand lay-up technique. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to study the morphology of the nanoclay–epoxy mixture. The TOD stability of the hybrid nanocomposites was studied with a thermogravimetry analyzer (TGA) under oxygen atmosphere. The flammability properties were evaluated using the Underwriters Laboratories 94 horizontal burning test (UL-94HB), limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry and smoke density test. The morphological study reveals that MMT/epoxy and HNT/epoxy are highly agglomerated while OMMT/epoxy reveals a more uniform distribution morphology. The obtained results reveal that B/K/HNT shows better TOD stability below 300 °C, but B/K/MMT and B/K/OMMT show high residue content and decomposition temperatures above 300 °C. The flame retardancy of the hybrid nanocomposites improved with the loading of all types of nanoclay, but B/K/OMMT shows higher flame retardancy than B/K/MMT and B/K/HNT hybrid nanocomposites. Hybrid nanocomposites show improvement in flame properties in terms of peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release, fire growth rate index (FIGRA) and maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) and smoke growth rate index (SMOGRA) indicators. The findings from this work can be utilized to prepare high-performance fire retardant natural fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites for automotive and construction applications to save human lives. In this study, three types of nanoclay [halloysite nanotube (HNT), montmorillonite (MMT) and organically modified MMT (OMMT)] were incorporated into bamboo/kenaf (B/K) reinforced epoxy hybrid composites to compare their thermo-oxidative (TOD) stability and flammability properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Sand Chee
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia .,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Y Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ridwan Yahaya
- Science and Technology Research Institute for Defence (STRIDE) Kajang Selangor Malaysia
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Kian LK, Saba N, Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Fouad H. Properties and characteristics of nanocrystalline cellulose isolated from olive fiber. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116423. [PMID: 32507177 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Olive fiber is a sustainable material as well as alternative biomass for extraction of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which has been widely applied in various industries. In the present study, ONC-I, ONC-II, and ONC-III were extracted from olive stem fiber at different hydrolysis reaction times of 30 min, 45 min, and 60 min, respectively. The nanoparticle size was found gradually reducing from ONC-I (11.35 nm width, 168.28 nm length) to ONC-III (6.92 nm width, 124.16 nm length) due to the disintegration of cellulose fibrils. ONC-II and ONC-III possessed highly pure cellulose compartments and enhanced crystals structure. This study also showed that rigidity increased from ONC-I to ONC-II. ONC-III showed the highest crystallinity of 83.1 %, endowing it as a potentially reliable load-bearing agent. Moreover, ONC-III exhibited highest stable heat resistance among the chemically-isolated nanocellulose. We concluded that olive NCC could be promising materials for a variety of industrial applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Kian
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N Saba
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - O Y Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Fouad
- Department of Applied Medical Science, CC, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, 11433, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11792, Helwan, Egypt
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Sh. Al-Otaibi M, Alothman OY, Alrashed MM, Anis A, Naveen J, Jawaid M. Characterization of Date Palm Fiber-Reinforced Different Polypropylene Matrices. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030597. [PMID: 32151079 PMCID: PMC7182893 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of different polypropylene (PP) matrices (homopolymer (HPP), impact copolymer (ICP), and recycled polypropylene (rPP)) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of date palm fiber (DPF)-reinforced PP composites was investigated. The DPFs were treated with an alkali solution, and composites were fabricated with different DPF loadings (5, 10, and 15 wt %) and lengths (less than 2 mm and 8–12 mm). It was found that the tensile properties of the DPF/ICP and DPF/rPP composites were similar to those of the DPF/HPP composites. The addition of fiber to the matrix reduced its tensile strength but increased the modulus. The alkali treatment improved the compatibility between the fibers and the matrix by removing hemicellulose and other impurities. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed hemicellulose removal. The morphology of the alkali-treated fractured tensile specimen revealed improved adhesion and less fiber pull out. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the alkali treatment enhanced the crystallinity index. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of DPFs into the PP matrix reduced the thermal stability of the composite. However, the thermal stability of the treated fiber-reinforced rPP and ICP composites was similar to that of the DPF/HPP composite. Hence, rPP can be used as an alternative to HPP with DPFs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (O.Y.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +603-8946-6960 (M.J.)
| | - Maher M. Alrashed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arfat Anis
- SABIC Polymer Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jesuarockiam Naveen
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (O.Y.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +603-8946-6960 (M.J.)
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Chishti B, Fouad H, Seo HK, Alothman OY, Ansari ZA, Ansari SG. ATP fosters the tuning of nanostructured CeO2 peroxidase-like activity for promising antibacterial performance. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recyclable nano CeO2 POD mimic records a Km reduction (∼30% and ∼19.72% for TMB and H2O2, respectively) in 900 seconds at pH 4.5. ATP boosts catalytic feasibility in nano CeO2 at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benazir Chishti
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- India
| | - H. Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Dept. Community College
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11433
- Saudi Arabia
- Biomedical Engineering Department
| | - H. K. Seo
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Jeonbuk National University
- Jeonju 54896
- South Korea
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department
- College of Engineering
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Z. A. Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- India
| | - S. G. Ansari
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science
- Jamia Millia Islamia
- India
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Khalifa H, El-Safty SA, Reda A, Shenashen MA, Selim MM, Alothman OY, Ohashi N. Meso/macroscopically multifunctional surface interfaces, ridges, and vortex-modified anode/cathode cuticles as force-driven modulation of high-energy density of LIB electric vehicles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14701. [PMID: 31605015 PMCID: PMC6789099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes/cathodes with three-dimensional (3D) topographical hierarchy ridges, surface interfaces, and vortices promotes the power tendency of LIBs in terms of high-energy density and power density. Large-scale meso-geodesics offer a diverse range of spatial LIB models along the geodetically shaped downward/upward curvature, leading to open-ended movement gate options, and diffusible space orientations. Along with the primary 3D super-scalable hierarchy, the formation of structural features of building block egress/ingress, curvature cargo-like sphere vehicles, irregularly located serrated cuticles with abundant V-undulated rigidness, feathery tube pipe conifers, and a band of dagger-shaped needle sticks on anode/cathode electrode surfaces provides high performance LIB modules. The geodetically-shaped anode/cathode design enables the uniqueness of all LIB module configurations in terms of powerful lithium ion (Li+) movement revolving in out-/in- and up-/downward diffusion regimes and in hovering electron density for high-speed discharge rates. The stability of built-in anode//cathode full-scale LIB-model meso-geodesics affords an outstanding long-term cycling performance. The full-cell LIB meso-geodesics offered 91.5% retention of the first discharge capacity of 165.8 mAhg-1 after 2000 cycles, Coulombic efficiency of ~99.6% at the rate of 1 C and room temperature, and high specific energy density of ≈119 Wh kg-1. This LIB meso-geodesic module configuration may align perfectly with the requirements of the energy density limit mandatory for long-term EV driving range and the scale-up commercial manufactures.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Khalifa
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - S A El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.
| | - A Reda
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - M A Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - M M Selim
- Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Human Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Aflaj, 710-11912, Saudi Arabia
| | - O Y Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Ohashi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
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Sagadevan S, Marlinda AR, Johan MR, Umar A, Fouad H, Alothman OY, Khaled U, Akhtar MS, Shahid MM. Reduced graphene/nanostructured cobalt oxide nanocomposite for enhanced electrochemical performance of supercapacitor applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 558:68-77. [PMID: 31585223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the preparation of nanostructures cobalt oxide/reduced graphene oxide (Co3O4/rGO) nanocomposites by a simple one-step cost-effective hydrothermal technique for possible electrode materials in supercapacitor application. The X-ray diffraction patterns were employed to confirm the nanocomposite crystal system of Co3O4/rGO by demonstrating the existence of normal cubic spinel structure of Co3O4 in the matrix of Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite. FTIR and FT-Raman studies manifested the structural behaviour and quality of prepared Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite. The optical properties of the nanocomposite Co3O4/rGO have been investigated by UV absorption spectra. The SEM/TEM images showed that the Co3O4 nanoparticles in the Co3O4/rGO nanocomposites were covered over the surface of the rGO sheets. The electrical properties were analyzed in terms of real and imaginary permittivity, dielectric loss and AC conductivity. The electrocatalytic activities of synthesized Co3O4/rGO nanocomposites were determined by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge cycle to evaluate the supercapacitive performance. The specific capacitance of 754 Fg-1 was recorded for Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite based electrode in three electrode cell system. The electrode material exhibited an acceptable capability and excellent long-term cyclic stability by maintaining 96% after 1000 continuous cycles. These results showed that the prepared sample could be an ideal candidate for high-energy application as electrode materials. The synthesized Co3O4/rGO nanocomposite is a versatile material and can be used in various application such as fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, gas sensors, solar cells, and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
| | - A R Marlinda
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - H Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Dept., Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Egypt
| | - Othman Y Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Khaled
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - M S Akhtar
- New and Renewable Energy Materials Development Center (NewREC), Chonbuk National University, Jeonbuk 56332, Republic of Korea.
| | - M M Shahid
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Alotaibi MD, Alshammari BA, Saba N, Alothman OY, Sanjay M, Almutairi Z, Jawaid M. Characterization of natural fiber obtained from different parts of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alshammari BA, Saba N, Alotaibi MD, Alotibi MF, Jawaid M, Alothman OY. Evaluation of Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Different Date Palm Fillers. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12132145. [PMID: 31277304 PMCID: PMC6651275 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study deals with the fabrication of epoxy composites reinforced with 50 wt% of date palm leaf sheath (G), palm tree trunk (L), fruit bunch stalk (AA), and leaf stalk (A) as filler by the hand lay-up technique. The developed composites were characterized and compared in terms of mechanical, physical and morphological properties. Mechanical tests revealed that the addition of AA improves tensile (20.60–40.12 MPa), impact strength (45.71–99.45 J/m), flexural strength (32.11–110.16 MPa) and density (1.13–1.90 g/cm3). The water absorption and thickness swelling values observed in this study were higher for AA/epoxy composite, revealing its higher cellulosic content, compared to the other composite materials. The examination of fiber pull-out, matrix cracks, and fiber dislocations in the microstructure and fractured surface morphology of the developed materials confirmed the trends for mechanical properties. Overall, from results analysis it can be concluded that reinforcing epoxy matrix with AA filler effectively improves the properties of the developed composite materials. Thus, date palm fruit bunch stalk filler might be considered as a sustainable and green promising reinforcing material similarly to other natural fibers and can be used for diverse commercial, structural, and nonstructural applications requiring high mechanical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer A Alshammari
- Materials Science Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naheed Saba
- Department of Bio Composite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Majed D Alotaibi
- Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotibi
- Materials Science Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Department of Bio Composite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Othman Y Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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Ritika, Kaur M, Umar A, Mehta SK, Singh S, Kansal SK, Fouad H, Alothman OY. Rapid Solar-Light Driven Superior Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using MoS₂-ZnO Heterostructure Nanorods Photocatalyst. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:E2254. [PMID: 30424563 PMCID: PMC6266911 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, MoS₂-ZnO heterostructure nanorods were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized in detail using several compositional, optical, and morphological techniques. The comprehensive characterizations show that the synthesized MoS₂/ZnO heterostructure nanorods were composed of wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO and rhombohedral phase of MoS₂. The synthesized MoS₂/ZnO heterostructure nanorods were used as a potent photocatalyst for the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) dye under natural sunlight. The prepared MoS₂/ZnO heterostructure nanorods exhibited ~97% removal of MB in the reaction time of 20 min with the catalyst amount of 0.15 g/L. The kinetic study revealed that the photocatalytic removal of MB was found to be in accordance with pseudo first-order reaction kinetics with an obtained rate constant of 0.16262 min-1. The tremendous photocatalytic performance of MoS₂-ZnO heterostructure nanorods could be accredited to an effective charge transportation and inhibition in the recombination of photo-excited charge carriers at an interfacial heterojunction. The contribution of active species towards the decomposition of MB using MoS₂-ZnO heterostructure nanorods was confirmed from scavenger study and terephthalic acid fluorescence technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika
- Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (R.); (S.S.)
| | - Manjot Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (M.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts and Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surinder Kumar Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (M.K.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sushil Kumar Kansal
- Dr. Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (R.); (S.S.)
| | - H. Fouad
- Department of Applied Medical Science, Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia; or
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan 11792, Egypt
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asim
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naheed Saba
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Nasir
- Composite Wood, Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute, 248006 Dehradun, India
| | - Mohammed Pervaiz
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing (CBBP), Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON. M5S 3B3, Canada
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Composite Wood, Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute, 248006 Dehradun, India
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Fouad H, AlFotawi R, Alothman OY, Alshammari BA, Alfayez M, Hashem M, Mahmood A. Porous Polyethylene Coated with Functionalized Hydroxyapatite Particles as a Bone Reconstruction Material. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11040521. [PMID: 29596358 PMCID: PMC5951367 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, porous polyethylene scaffolds were examined as bone substitutes in vitro and in vivo in critical-sized calvarial bone defects in transgenic Sprague-Dawley rats. A microscopic examination revealed that the pores appeared to be interconnected across the material, making them suitable for cell growth. The creep recovery behavior of porous polyethylene at different loads indicated that the creep strain had two main portions. In both portions, strain increased with increased applied load and temperature. In terms of the thermographic behavior of the material, remarkable changes in melting temperature and heat fusion were revealed with increased the heating rates. The tensile strength results showed that the material was sensitive to the strain rate and that there was adequate mechanical strength to support cell growth. The in vitro cell culture results showed that human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached to the porous polyethylene scaffold. Calcium sulfate–hydroxyapatite (CS–HA) coating of the scaffold not only improved attachment but also increased the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. In vivo, histological analysis showed that the study groups had active bone remodeling at the border of the defect. Bone regeneration at the border was also evident, which confirmed that the polyethylene acted as an osteoconductive bone graft. Furthermore, bone formation inside the pores of the coated polyethylene was also noted, which would enhance the process of osteointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan 11792, Egypt.
| | - Randa AlFotawi
- Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Dental Faculty, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Othman Y Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
- Deanship of Graduate Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11637, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Basheer A Alshammari
- Material Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Musaad Alfayez
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
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Khalafallah D, Alothman OY, Fouad H, Khalil KA. Nitrogen and carbon functionalized cobalt phosphide as efficient non-precious electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis in alkaline environment. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kian LK, Jawaid M, Ariffin H, Alothman OY. Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from roselle fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:931-940. [PMID: 28549863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from roselle fiber through acid hydrolysis treatment and its properties were compared with those of commercially available MCC. The physicochemical and morphological characteristics, elemental composition, size distribution, crystallinity and thermal properties of the obtained MCC were analyzed in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis provided clear evidence that the characteristic peak of lignin was absent in the spectrum of the MCC prepared from roselle fiber. Rough surface and slight aggregation of MCC were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that pure MCC with small quantities of residues and impurities was obtained, with a similar elemental composition to that of commercial MCC. A mean diameter of approximately 44.28μm was measured for MCC by using a particle size analyzer (PSA). X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the crystallinity increased from 63% in roselle pulp to 78% in roselle MCC, the latter having a slightly higher crystallinity than that of commercial MCC (74%). TGA and DSC results indicated that the roselle MCC had better thermal stability than the roselle pulp, whereas it had poorer thermal stability in comparison with commercial MCC. Thus, the isolated MCC from roselle fibers will be going to use as reinforcing element in green composites and may be a precursor for future roselle derived nanocellulose, and thus a promising subject in nanocomposite research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lau Kia Kian
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hidayah Ariffin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Othman Y Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Deanship of Graduate Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh 11673, Saudi Arabia
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Saba N, Mohammad F, Pervaiz M, Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Sain M. Mechanical, morphological and structural properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:190-200. [PMID: 28082223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Present study, deals about isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) from the Northern Bleached Softwood Kraft (NBSK) pulp, fabrication by hand lay-up technique and characterization of fabricated epoxy nanocomposites at different filler loadings (0.5%, 0.75%, 1% by wt.). The effect of CNFs loading on mechanical (tensile, impact and flexural), morphological (scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope) and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of epoxy composites were investigated. FTIR analysis confirms the introduction of CNFs into the epoxy matrix while no considerable change in the crystallinity and diffraction peaks of epoxy composites were observed by the XRD patterns. Additions of CNFs considerably enhance the mechanical properties of epoxy composites but a remarkable improvement is observed for 0.75% CNFs as compared to the rest epoxy nanocomposites. In addition, the electron micrographs revealed the perfect distribution and dispersion of CNFs in the epoxy matrix for the 0.75% CNFs/epoxy nanocomposites, while the existence of voids and agglomerations were observed beyond 0.75% CNFs filler loadings. Overall results analysis clearly revealed that the 0.75% CNFs filler loading is best and effective with respect to rest to enhance the mechanical and structural properties of the epoxy composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saba
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Mohammad
- Surfactant Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Pervaiz
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - O Y Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sain
- Centre for Biocomposites and Biomaterials Processing, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Saba N, Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Inuwa I, Hassan A. A review on potential development of flame retardant kenaf fibers reinforced polymer composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Saba
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP); Universiti Putra Malaysia; 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP); Universiti Putra Malaysia; 43400 Serdang Selangor Malaysia
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - I.M. Inuwa
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi; 81310 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
| | - A. Hassan
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering Universiti Teknologi; 81310 Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia
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Alothman OY, Fouad H, Al-Zahrani SM, Eshra A, Al Rez MF, Ansari SG. Thermal, creep-recovery and viscoelastic behavior of high density polyethylene/hydroxyapatite nano particles for bone substitutes: effects of gamma radiation. Biomed Eng Online 2014; 13:125. [PMID: 25168723 PMCID: PMC4156649 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-13-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is one of the most often used polymers in biomedical applications. The limitations of HDPE are its visco-elastic behavior, low modulus and poor bioactivity. To improve HDPE properties, HA nanoparticles can be added to form polymer composite that can be used as alternatives to metals for bone substitutes and orthopaedic implant applications. METHOD In our previous work (BioMedical Engineering OnLine 2013), different ratios of HDPE/HA nanocomposites were prepared using melt blending in a co-rotating intermeshing twin screw extruder. The accelerated aging effects on the tensile properties and torsional viscoelastic behavior (storage modulus (G') and Loss modulus (G")) at 80°C of irradiated and non-irradiated HDPE/HA was investigated. Also the thermal behavior of HDPE/HA were studied. In this study, the effects of gamma irradiation on the tensile viscoelastic behavior (storage modulus (E') and Loss modulus (E")) at 25°C examined for HDPE/HA nanocomposites at different frequencies using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). The DMA was also used to analyze creep-recovery and relaxation properties of the nanocomposites. To analyze the thermal behavior of the HDPE/HA nanocomposite, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used. RESULTS The microscopic examination of the cryogenically fractured surface revealed a reasonable distribution of HA nanoparticles in the HDPE matrix. The DMA showed that the tensile storage and loss modulus increases with increasing the HA nanoparticles ratio and the test frequency. The creep-recovery behavior improves with increasing the HA nanoparticle content. Finally, the results indicated that the crystallinity, viscoelastic, creep recovery and relaxation behavior of HDPE nanocomposite improved due to gamma irradiation. CONCLUSION Based on the experimental results, it is found that prepared HDPE nanocomposite properties improved due to the addition of HA nanoparticles and irradiation. So, the prepared HDPE/HA nanocomposite appears to have fairly good comprehensive properties that make it a good candidate as bone substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Tuasikal MA, Alothman OY, Luqman M, Al-Zahrani SM, Jawaid M. Influence of Natural and Accelerated Weathering on the Mechanical Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Films. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.877212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Paridah MT, Khalil HPSA. Effect of Oil Palm and Jute Fiber Treatment on Mechanical Performance of Epoxy Hybrid Composites. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.858429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jawaid M, Alothman OY, Paridah MT, Abdul Khalil HPS. Effect of Fiber Treatment on Dimensional Stability and Chemical Resistance Properties of Hybrid Composites. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2013.842332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alothman OY, Almajhdi FN, Fouad H. Effect of gamma radiation and accelerated aging on the mechanical and thermal behavior of HDPE/HA nano-composites for bone tissue regeneration. Biomed Eng Online 2013; 12:95. [PMID: 24059280 PMCID: PMC3850061 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-12-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The replacement of hard tissues demands biocompatible and sometimes bioactive materials with properties similar to those of bone. Nano-composites made of biocompatible polymers and bioactive inorganic nano particles such as HDPE/HA have attracted attention as permanent bone substitutes due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Method The HDPE/HA nano-composite is prepared using melt blending at different HA loading ratios. For evaluation of the degradation by radiation, gamma rays of 35 kGy, and 70 kGy were used to irradiate the samples at room temperature in vacuum. The effects of accelerated ageing after gamma irradiation on morphological, mechanical and thermal properties of HDPE/HA nano-composites were measured. Results In Vitro test results showed that the HDPE and all HDPE/HA nano-composites do not exhibit any cytotoxicity to WISH cell line. The results also indicated that the tensile properties of HDPE/HA nano-composite increased with increasing the HA content except fracture strain decreased. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results showed that the storage and loss moduli increased with increasing the HA ratio and the testing frequency. Finally, it is remarked that all properties of HDPE/HA is dependent on the irradiation dose and accelerated aging. Conclusion Based on the experimental results, it is found that the addition of 10%, 20% and 30% HA increases the HDPE stiffness by 23%, 44 and 59% respectively. At the same time, the G’ increased from 2.25E11 MPa for neat HDPE to 4.7E11 MPa when 30% HA was added to the polymer matrix. Also, significant improvements in these properties have been observed due to irradiation. Finally, the overall properties of HDPE and its nano-composite properties significantly decreased due to aging and should be taken into consideration in the design of bone substitutes. It is attributed that the developed HDPE/HA nano-composites could be a good alternative material for bone tissue regeneration due to their acceptable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Y Alothman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan, Egypt.
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Abstract
2-Oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives2a,breact with 2-{[4-(substituted thiazol-2-yl)iminoethyl)-phenyl]hydrazono}-3-oxo-butyric acid ethyl esters4a–cto give 3-methyl-1-[(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl) carbonyl]-4-{[4-(substituted thiazol-2-yl)iminoethyl)-phenyl]hydrazono}]-2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives5a–f. A considerable increase in the reaction rate had been observed with better yield using microwave irradiation for the synthesis of compounds2a,b,3a–c, and5a–f. The synthesized products were tested againstB. subtilis,S. aureus, andE. colias well asC. albicanscompared with tetracycline and nystatin as reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2079, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Abd El-Salam
- Riyadh Community College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 28095, Riyadh 11437, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
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