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Rantonen O, Alexanderson K, Clark AJ, Aalto V, Sónden A, Brønnum-Hansen H, Hougaard CØ, Rod NH, Mittendorfer-Rutz E, Kivimäki M, Oksanen T, Salo P. Antidepressant treatment among social workers, human service professionals, and non-human service professionals: A multi-cohort study in Finland, Sweden and Denmark. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:153-162. [PMID: 30856492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social workers have an elevated risk for mental disorders, but little is known about their antidepressant treatment. AIMS To examine any and long-term antidepressant treatment among social workers in Finland, Sweden and Denmark. METHODS We linked records from drug prescription registers to three prospective cohorts: the Finnish Public Sector study, years 2006-2011, and nation-wide cohorts in Sweden and Denmark, years 2006-2014, including a total of 1.5 million employees in (1) social work, (2) other social and health care professions, (3) education and (4) office work. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios for any and long-term (>6 months) antidepressant treatment among social workers compared to the three reference occupational groups and carried out meta-analyses. RESULTS During follow-up, 25% of social workers had any prescriptions for antidepressants (19-24% reference occupations) and 20% for long-term treatment (14-19% reference occupations). The pooled effects for any and long-term treatment showed that probabilities were 10% higher in social workers compared to other health and social care professionals and 30% higher compared to education and non-human service professionals. Probabilities for any treatment in the three countries were relatively similar, but for long-term treatment social workers in Finland had a greater risk compared with other human service professions. LIMITATIONS There were differences between the cohorts in the availability of data. Specific diagnoses for the antidepressant treatment were not known neither adherence to treatment. CONCLUSION Social workers have a higher risk for any and long-term antidepressant treatment than other human and non-human service professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rantonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - K Alexanderson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A J Clark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - V Aalto
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Sónden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Brønnum-Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Ø Hougaard
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N H Rod
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Mittendorfer-Rutz
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Insurance Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Ren G, Whittaker JL, Leonard C, De Rantere D, Pang DSJ, Salo P, Fritzler M, Kapoor M, de Koning APJ, Jaremko JL, Emery CA, Krawetz RJ. CCL22 is a biomarker of cartilage injury and plays a functional role in chondrocyte apoptosis. Cytokine 2019; 115:32-44. [PMID: 30623804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Previous history of knee injury is a significant risk factor for OA. It has been established that low-level chronic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset and pathogenesis of OA. The primary aim of this research was to determine if a history of knee joint injury is associated with systemic inflammation. A secondary aim was to determine if systemic inflammation is related to knee pain and joint structure. METHODS Differences in serum cytokine association networks, knee joint structural changes (MRI), and self-reported pain (i.e., Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Pain subscale, KOOSPAIN and Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain score, ICOAP) between individuals who had sustained a youth (aged 15-26 years) sport-related knee injury 3-10 years previously and age- and sex-matched controls were examined. Proteins of interest were also examined in an OA rat model. RESULTS Cytokine association networks were found to differ significantly between study groups, yet no significant associations were found between networks and KOOSPAIN or MRI-defined OA. A group of cytokines (MCP1/CCL2, CCL22 and TNFα) were differentially associated with other cytokines between study groups. In a pre-clinical rat OA model, serum CCL22 levels were associated with pain (r = 0.255, p = 0.045) and structural changes to the cartilage. CCL22 expression was also observed in human OA cartilage and furthermore, CCL22 induced apoptosis of isolated human chondrocytes. DISCUSSION These results suggest that CCL22 may be an early factor in the onset/pathogenic process of cartilage degeneration and/or related to pain OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ren
- McCaig Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J L Whittaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C Leonard
- McCaig Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D De Rantere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - D S J Pang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Salo
- McCaig Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Fritzler
- Eve Technologies, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Kapoor
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A P J de Koning
- The Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J L Jaremko
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - C A Emery
- McCaig Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R J Krawetz
- McCaig Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Madsen IEH, Nyberg ST, Magnusson Hanson LL, Ferrie JE, Ahola K, Alfredsson L, Batty GD, Bjorner JB, Borritz M, Burr H, Chastang JF, de Graaf R, Dragano N, Hamer M, Jokela M, Knutsson A, Koskenvuo M, Koskinen A, Leineweber C, Niedhammer I, Nielsen ML, Nordin M, Oksanen T, Pejtersen JH, Pentti J, Plaisier I, Salo P, Singh-Manoux A, Suominen S, ten Have M, Theorell T, Toppinen-Tanner S, Vahtera J, Väänänen A, Westerholm PJM, Westerlund H, Fransson EI, Heikkilä K, Virtanen M, Rugulies R, Kivimäki M. Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data. Psychol Med 2017; 47:1342-1356. [PMID: 28122650 PMCID: PMC5471831 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600355x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse psychosocial working environments characterized by job strain (the combination of high demands and low control at work) are associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms among employees, but evidence on clinically diagnosed depression is scarce. We examined job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression. METHOD We identified published cohort studies from a systematic literature search in PubMed and PsycNET and obtained 14 cohort studies with unpublished individual-level data from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium. Summary estimates of the association were obtained using random-effects models. Individual-level data analyses were based on a pre-published study protocol. RESULTS We included six published studies with a total of 27 461 individuals and 914 incident cases of clinical depression. From unpublished datasets we included 120 221 individuals and 982 first episodes of hospital-treated clinical depression. Job strain was associated with an increased risk of clinical depression in both published [relative risk (RR) = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.47-2.13] and unpublished datasets (RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55). Further individual participant analyses showed a similar association across sociodemographic subgroups and after excluding individuals with baseline somatic disease. The association was unchanged when excluding individuals with baseline depressive symptoms (RR = 1.25, 95% CI 0.94-1.65), but attenuated on adjustment for a continuous depressive symptoms score (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.81-1.32). CONCLUSIONS Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees. Future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. E. H. Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working
Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø,
Denmark
| | - S. T. Nyberg
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - J. E. Ferrie
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- School of Community and Social Medicine,
University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PS,
UK
| | - K. Ahola
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - L. Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine,
Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, Stockholm County Council, SE-104
22 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G. D. Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive
Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research
Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - J. B. Bjorner
- National Research Centre for the Working
Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø,
Denmark
| | - M. Borritz
- Department of Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital,
DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H. Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (BAuA), D-10317 Berlin,
Germany
| | - J.-F. Chastang
- INSERM, U1085, Research Institute for
Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Epidemiology in Occupational Health and
Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
- University of Angers, Epidemiology in Occupational
Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - R. de Graaf
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and
Addiction, 3521 VS Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - N. Dragano
- Department of Medical Sociology,
University of Düsseldorf, 40225
Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M. Hamer
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- National Centre for Sport & Exercise
Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU,
UK
| | - M. Jokela
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Knutsson
- Department of Health Sciences,
Mid Sweden University, SE-851 70
Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - M. Koskenvuo
- Department of Public Health,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. Koskinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - C. Leineweber
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - I. Niedhammer
- INSERM, U1085, Research Institute for
Environmental and Occupational Health (IRSET), Epidemiology in Occupational Health and
Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
- University of Angers, Epidemiology in Occupational
Health and Ergonomics (ESTER) Team, F-49000, Angers, France
| | - M. L. Nielsen
- Unit of Social Medicine,
Frederiksberg University Hospital, DK-2000
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Nordin
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Psychology,
Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå,
Sweden
| | - T. Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - J. H. Pejtersen
- The Danish National Centre for Social
Research, DK-1052 Copenhagen,
Denmark
| | - J. Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - I. Plaisier
- The Netherlands Institute for Social
Research, 2515 XP The Hague, The
Netherlands
| | - P. Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology,
University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku,
Finland
| | - A. Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- Inserm U1018, Centre for
Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, F-94807
Villejuif, France
| | - S. Suominen
- Folkhälsan Research Center,
FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Nordic School of Public Health,SE-402 42Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Public Health,
University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku,
Finland
| | - M. ten Have
- Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and
Addiction, 3521 VS Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - T. Theorell
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | | | - J. Vahtera
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health,
University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku,
Finland
- Turku University Hospital,
FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - A. Väänänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P. J. M. Westerholm
- Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, Uppsala University, SE-751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Westerlund
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - E. I. Fransson
- Stress Research Institute, Stockholm
University, SE-106 91 Stockholm,
Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine,
Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm,
Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare,
Jönköping University, SE-551 11
Jönköping, Sweden
| | - K. Heikkilä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health Services Research and
Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
- Clinical Effectiveness Unit,
The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London
WC2A 3PE, UK
| | - M. Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - R. Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working
Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø,
Denmark
- Department of Public Health and Department of
Psychology, University of Copenhagen,
DK-1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M. Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational
Health, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public
Health, University College London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki,Finland
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Gunst A, Ventus D, Kärnä A, Salo P, Jern P. Female sexual function varies over time and is dependent on partner-specific factors: a population-based longitudinal analysis of six sexual function domains. Psychol Med 2017; 47:341-352. [PMID: 27766993 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies examining female sexual functions (FSFs) have used cross-sectional designs, not allowing for studying temporal stability and possible relationships between different FSFs over time. Our aim was to study these relationships using a longitudinal approach. METHOD The study sample consisted of 2173 Finnish women from two large-scale, population-based data collections 7 years apart. The Female Sexual Function Index was used. Analyses were further conducted separately for women in different relationship constellations. RESULTS Standardized autoregressive paths ranged from 0.136 (sexual satisfaction) to 0.447 (orgasm function) in the full sample, suggesting that most of the variance in FSF was explained by something other than previous function. Orgasm, desire and satisfaction were the strongest predictors of other functions in the full sample and for women in the same relationship at both time points (higher orgasm function predicted higher function in other domains; greater sexual desire and satisfaction predicted lower function in other domains), however, with small effects sizes. For single women, orgasm function and sexual desire were the only significant autoregressive paths. Significant unidirectional cross-domain paths were found for women in the same relationship at both time points. One significant cross-domain path, not confirmed as unidirectional, was found for single women. CONCLUSIONS FSFs varied considerably over 7 years and relationship status was of importance when assessing temporal stability and cross-domain effects. Our results advocate tailored psychobehavioural treatment interventions for female sexual dysfunctions that take partner-specific factors into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gunst
- Department of Psychology,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
| | - D Ventus
- Department of Psychology,Åbo Akademi University,Turku,Finland
| | - A Kärnä
- Independent Researcher,Turku,Finland
| | - P Salo
- Department of Psychology,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
| | - P Jern
- Department of Psychology,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
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Lallukka T, Halonen JI, Sivertsen B, Pentti J, Stenholm S, Virtanen M, Salo P, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Organisational justice and insomnia: using observational data as non-randomized pseudo-trials. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw172.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Head J, Chungkham HS, Hyde M, Zaninotto P, Alexanderson K, Stenholm S, Salo P, Kivimäki M, Goldberg M, Zins M, Vahtera J, Westerlund H. Socioeconomic differences in healthy life expectancy: Evidence from four prospective cohort studies. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw171.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse effects of antidepressants are most common at the beginning of the treatment, but possible also later. We examined the association between antidepressant use and work-related injuries taking into account the duration of antidepressant use. METHOD Antidepressant use and work-related injuries between 2000 and 2011 were measured among 66 238 employees (mean age 43.8 years, 80% female) using linkage to national records (the Finnish Public Sector study). We analysed data using time-dependent modelling with individuals as their own controls (self-controlled case-series design). RESULTS In 2238 individuals who had used antidepressants and had a work-related injury during a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, no increase in the risk of injury was observed in the beginning of antidepressant treatment. However, an increased injury risk was seen after 3 months of treatment (rate ratio, compared with no recent antidepressant use, 1.27, 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.48). This was also the case among those who had used only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (n = 714; rate ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.83). CONCLUSIONS Antidepressant use was not associated with an increased risk of work-related injury at the beginning of treatment. Post-hoc analyses of antidepressant trials are needed to determine whether long-term use of antidepressants increases the risk of work-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kouvonen
- Department of Social Research,University of Helsinki,Helsinki,Finland
| | - J Vahtera
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Turku and Helsinki,Finland
| | - J Pentti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Turku and Helsinki,Finland
| | - M J Korhonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics,University of Turku,Turku,Finland
| | - T Oksanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Turku and Helsinki,Finland
| | - P Salo
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Turku and Helsinki,Finland
| | - M Virtanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Turku and Helsinki,Finland
| | - M Kivimäki
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health,Turku and Helsinki,Finland
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Ruffino L, Salo P, Koivisto E, Banks PB, Korpimäki E. Reproductive responses of birds to experimental food supplementation: a meta-analysis. Front Zool 2014; 11:80. [PMID: 25386221 PMCID: PMC4222371 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Food availability is an important environmental cue for animals for deciding how much to invest in reproduction, and it ultimately affects population size. The importance of food limitation has been extensively studied in terrestrial vertebrate populations, especially in birds, by experimentally manipulating food supply. However, the factors explaining variation in reproductive decisions in response to food supplementation remain unclear. By performing meta-analyses, we aim to quantify the extent to which supplementary feeding affects several reproductive parameters in birds, and identify the key factors (life-history traits, behavioural factors, environmental factors, and experimental design) that can induce variation in laying date, clutch size and breeding success (i.e., number of fledglings produced) in response to food supplementation. Results Food supplementation produced variable but mostly positive effects across reproductive parameters in a total of 201 experiments from 82 independent studies. The outcomes of the food effect were modulated by environmental factors, e.g., laying dates advanced more towards low latitudes, and food supplementation appeared not to produce any obvious effect on bird reproduction when the background level of food abundance in the environment was high. Moreover, the increase in clutch size following food addition was more pronounced in birds that cache food, as compared to birds that do not. Supplementation timing was identified as a major cause of variation in breeding success responses. We also document the absence of a detectable food effect on clutch size and breeding success when the target species had poor access to the feed due to competitive interactions with other animals. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, from the pool of bird species and environments reviewed, extra food is allocated to immediate reproduction in most cases. Our results also support the view that bird species have evolved different life-history strategies to cope with environmental variability in food supply. However, we encourage more research at low latitudes to gain knowledge on how resource allocation in birds changes along a latitudinal gradient. Our results also emphasize the importance of developing experimental designs that minimise competition for the supplemented food and the risk of reproductive bottle-necks due to inappropriate supplementation timings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12983-014-0080-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Ruffino
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pälvi Salo
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Koivisto
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Peter B Banks
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Erkki Korpimäki
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Heikkilä K, Madsen IEH, Nyberg ST, Fransson EI, Westerlund H, Westerholm PJM, Virtanen M, Vahtera J, Väänänen A, Theorell T, Suominen SB, Shipley MJ, Salo P, Rugulies R, Pentti J, Pejtersen JH, Oksanen T, Nordin M, Nielsen ML, Kouvonen A, Koskinen A, Koskenvuo M, Knutsson A, Ferrie JE, Dragano N, Burr H, Borritz M, Bjorner JB, Alfredsson L, Batty GD, Singh-Manoux A, Kivimäki M. Job strain and the risk of severe asthma exacerbations: a meta-analysis of individual-participant data from 100 000 European men and women. Allergy 2014; 69:775-83. [PMID: 24725175 PMCID: PMC4114530 DOI: 10.1111/all.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Many patients and healthcare professionals believe that work‐related psychosocial stress, such as job strain, can make asthma worse, but this is not corroborated by empirical evidence. We investigated the associations between job strain and the incidence of severe asthma exacerbations in working‐age European men and women. Methods We analysed individual‐level data, collected between 1985 and 2010, from 102 175 working‐age men and women in 11 prospective European studies. Job strain (a combination of high demands and low control at work) was self‐reported at baseline. Incident severe asthma exacerbations were ascertained from national hospitalization and death registries. Associations between job strain and asthma exacerbations were modelled using Cox regression and the study‐specific findings combined using random‐effects meta‐analyses. Results During a median follow‐up of 10 years, 1 109 individuals experienced a severe asthma exacerbation (430 with asthma as the primary diagnostic code). In the age‐ and sex‐adjusted analyses, job strain was associated with an increased risk of severe asthma exacerbations defined using the primary diagnostic code (hazard ratio, HR: 1.27, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.00, 1.61). This association attenuated towards the null after adjustment for potential confounders (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.55). No association was observed in the analyses with asthma defined using any diagnostic code (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.19). Conclusions Our findings suggest that job strain is probably not an important risk factor for severe asthma exacerbations leading to hospitalization or death.
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Vlachopoulou E, Lahtela E, Wennerström A, Havulinna AS, Salo P, Perola M, Salomaa V, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Lokki ML. Evaluation of HLA-DRB1 imputation using a Finnish dataset. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:350-5. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Vlachopoulou
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - E. Lahtela
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - A. Wennerström
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - A. S. Havulinna
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki FI-00271 Finland
| | - P. Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki FI-00271 Finland
| | - M. Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki FI-00271 Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM); Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- The Estonian Genome Center of the University of Tartu; Tartu 50090 Estonia
| | - V. Salomaa
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki FI-00271 Finland
| | - M. S. Nieminen
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki FI-00290 Finland
| | - J. Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center, Division of Cardiology; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki FI-00290 Finland
| | - M.-L. Lokki
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute; University of Helsinki; Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
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Sivertsen B, Pallesen S, Glozier N, Bjorvatn B, Salo P, Tell G, Ursin R, Overland S. EPA-1092 – Insomnia predicts mortality in a middle-age population. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78370-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Vuorenmaa M, Ylinen J, Piitulainen K, Salo P, Kautiainen H, Pesola M, Häkkinen A. Efficacy of a 12-month, monitored home exercise programme compared with normal care commencing 2 months after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. J Rehabil Med 2014; 46:166-72. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Puurunen M, Salo P, Engelbarth S, Javela K, Perola M. Type II antithrombin deficiency caused by a founder mutation Pro73Leu in the Finnish population: clinical picture. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:1844-9. [PMID: 23910795 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that some antithrombin (AT) activity assays do not correctly detect inherited type II AT deficiency, but erroneously classify these patients as normal. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to investigate the mutations causing type II AT deficiency and to correlate the AT activity results with the genetic findings. PATIENTS/METHODS A large population (n = 104; 42 families) of Finnish patients with known AT type II deficiency were interviewed for clinical data. Their AT activity was measured with five commercially available methods, and the SERPINC1 gene was genotyped. RESULTS The mutations detected in type II AT-deficient patients were as follows: p.Pro73Leu (AT Basel) in 37 of 42 (88.1%) families; and p.Val30Glu, p.Arg425Cys and p.Pro439Ala in one family each. In two families, no mutation was detected. In the carriers of AT Basel two AT activity assays correctly identified most of the patients as AT-deficient, whereas three assays misclassified almost all of these patients as normal. Carriers of the founder mutation had, in addition to an elevated risk of venous thrombosis, a high risk of arterial thrombosis at young age, especially stroke. CONCLUSION In Finland, a population with a strong founder effect, AT type II deficiency is caused predominantly by a single point mutation, p.Pro73Leu. The mutation is associated with a significant thrombotic risk. Reduced AT activity caused by this mutation cannot be detected by all available screening methods. This must be taken into account in the choice of laboratory method used for screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Puurunen
- Hemostasis Laboratory, Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Helsinki, Finland
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Polo-Kantola P, Saarinen R, Tuomisto H, Kalleinen N, Salo P. 11 THE EFFECT OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN PERI- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. Maturitas 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5122(12)70085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Virtanen M, Kawachi I, Oksanen T, Salo P, Tuisku K, Pulkki-Raback L, Pentti J, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Kivimaki M. Socio-economic differences in long-term psychiatric work disability: prospective cohort study of onset, recovery and recurrence. Occup Environ Med 2011; 68:791-8. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.2010.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Salo P, Banks PB, Dickman CR, Korpimäki E. Predator manipulation experiments: impacts on populations of terrestrial vertebrate prey. ECOL MONOGR 2010. [DOI: 10.1890/09-1260.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Korkeila J, Oksanen T, Virtanen M, Salo P, Nabi H, Pentti J, Vahtera J, Kivimäki M. Early retirement from work among employees with a diagnosis of personality disorder compared to anxiety and depressive disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2010; 26:18-22. [PMID: 20541917 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Risk of retirement from work before statutory retirement age among employees with personality disorders is unknown. METHOD We used diagnoses of awarded medical rehabilitations and hospitalisations to select two clinical cohorts from a population of 151,618 employees: participants in rehabilitation (total N=1942, 233 personality disorder, 419 anxiety disorder and 1290 depression cases) and hospitalised patients (N=1333, 354, 126 and 853, respectively). Early retirement from work was tracked through national registers during a period of 5 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of diagnostic groups with risk of early retirement. RESULTS In models adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic position, the relative risk of early retirement for patients with personality disorders was 3.5-fold (95% CI 2.1 to 5.8) in the rehabilitation cohort and 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 3.5) in the hospital cohort compared with anxiety disorders. The corresponding hazard ratios of early retirement for personality disorders compared with depressive disorders were 1.1 (95% CI 0.8-1.5) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.4-2.1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Personality disorders increase the risk of early retirement at least to an equal extent as depression and more than twice that of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Korkeila
- Department of psychiatry, University of Turku, Kunnallissairaalantie 20, 20700 Turku, Finland.
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Salo P, Toivola M, Nordström M, Korpimäki E. Effects of Home-Range Characteristics on the Diet Composition of Female American Mink in the Baltic Sea Archipelago. ANN ZOOL FENN 2010. [DOI: 10.5735/086.047.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Salo P, Ahola MP, Korpimäki E. Habitat-mediated impact of alien mink predation on common frog densities in the outer archipelago of the Baltic Sea. Oecologia 2010; 163:405-13. [PMID: 20151155 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Alien predators have been recognised as one possible cause for amphibian declines around the world, but little is known of habitat-mediated predation impacts especially on adult amphibians. We studied common frog Rana temporaria under American mink Mustela vison predation in the outer archipelago of the Baltic Sea, south-western Finland. Using egg batches as an index of breeding frog female numbers we compared frog numbers and densities between a large, long-term mink-removal area and a comparable control area. Frog numbers in the removal area were at least 2.7-fold higher than those in the control area. In the presence of mink, frog densities increased with the amount of vegetation cover on the islands, indicating that mink predation affected frog densities especially on less-vegetated islands. An opposite trend appeared to be true for frogs in the mink-removal area, where other predators like snakes could induce a decline of frog densities on more vegetated islands. Shrub or grass vegetation seems to provide frogs shelter against alien mink predation. Our result highlights the importance of landscape-level habitat management as a conservation tool for amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pälvi Salo
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland.
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Bring D, Reno C, Renstrom P, Salo P, Hart D, Ackermann P. Prolonged immobilization compromises up-regulation of repair genes after tendon rupture in a rat model. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009; 20:411-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
Alien predators are widely considered to be more harmful to prey populations than native predators. To evaluate this expectation, we conducted a meta-analysis of the responses of vertebrate prey in 45 replicated and 35 unreplicated field experiments in which the population densities of mammalian and avian predators had been manipulated. Our results showed that predator origin (native versus alien) had a highly significant effect on prey responses, with alien predators having an impact double that of native predators. Also the interaction between location (mainland versus island) and predator origin was significant, revealing the strongest effects with alien predators in mainland areas. Although both these results were mainly influenced by the huge impact of alien predators on the Australian mainland compared with their impact elsewhere, the results demonstrate that introduced predators can impose more intense suppression on remnant populations of native species and hold them further from their predator-free densities than do native predators preying upon coexisting prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pälvi Salo
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
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Raitakari O, Gylling H, Salo P, Miettinen T. PO20-615 IMPAIRED ARTERIAL ELASTICITY AND ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION ARE IMPROVED WITH CONSUMPTION OF PLANT STANOL ESTERS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of stanol ester margarine use in healthy subjects on arterial compliance, endothelial function and intima-media thickness. DESIGN Case-control study comparing regular stanol ester margarine users to non-users. SETTING Occupational health service clinic. SUBJECTS We recruited 50 cases and 50 controls (mean age 51+/-8, range 26-65 years). All subjects were non-smokers and the study groups were matched for age and sex. As cases, we invited subjects who had been using regularly (daily) plant stanol ester margarine for a period of 2 years or longer. Non-invasive ultrasound was used to measure carotid artery compliance, carotid intima-media thickness and brachial artery flow-mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation. RESULTS The carotid artery compliance was non-significantly higher in cases compared with controls, 1.84+/-1.02 vs 1.58+/-0.76 %/10 mm Hg (P=0.13). The difference in compliance became statistically significant (P=0.04) when the unbalance between the groups in family history of coronary artery disease and years of education were taken into account. There was also a significant dose-response relationship between stanol margarine use and carotid compliance, longer use being associated with higher compliance. Serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, flow-mediated dilation and intima-media thickness values did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSION These data raise the possibility that regular stanol ester margarine use may be associated with beneficial changes in arterial compliance. Intervention studies are needed to test this hypothesis and to reveal possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Jauhiainen T, Salo P, Niittynen L, Poussa T, Korpela R. Effects of low-fat hard cheese enriched with plant stanol esters on serum lipids and apolipoprotein B in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:1253-7. [PMID: 16721398 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the cholesterol-lowering effects of a low-fat cheese enriched with plant stanol esters in mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects, as part of their normal diet. DESIGN A randomized double-blind parallel-group study. SETTING Valio Ltd, Helsinki. SUBJECTS Sixty-seven mildly hypercholesterolaemic volunteers (24 men, 43 women) participated in the study, which all of them completed. INTERVENTIONS The subjects were randomly assigned to the plant stanol ester group or the control group. During the 5-week intervention, the subjects in the stanol group consumed a cheese enriched with 2 g of plant stanols per day, and the subjects in the control group, a control cheese with no plant stanols. RESULTS In the stanol ester group, as compared to the control group, both serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased significantly, that is, by 5.8% (-0.32 mmol/l, 95% CI -0.50 to -0.15 mmol/l, P < 0.001) and 10.3% (-0.36 mmol/l, 95% CI -0.53 to -0.18 mmol/l, P < 0.001), respectively. There were no significant changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides or apolipoprotein B concentrations between the groups. CONCLUSION Cheese enriched with 2 g of plant stanol in the form of fatty acid esters decreases serum total and LDL cholesterol significantly.
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Puisto A, Pitkänen H, Alatalo M, Jaatinen S, Salo P, Foster A, Kangas T, Laasonen K. Adsorption of atomic and molecular oxygen on Cu(100). Catal Today 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2004.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rintamäki S, Saukkoriipi A, Salo P, Takala A, Leinonen M. Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA by using polymerase chain reaction and microwell hybridization with Europium-labelled probes. J Microbiol Methods 2002; 50:313-8. [PMID: 12031582 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(02)00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present paper describes a novel modification of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA in clinical specimens. PCR was based on the detection of a 209-base pair segment of the S. pneumoniae pneumolysin gene. For the demonstration of the amplification product, microwell hybridization with a Europium-labelled oligonucleotide probe complementary to a biotinylated strand of the PCR product was performed, and the presence of the PCR product was monitored by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) of the Europium chelate. The sensitivity of the assay for purified S. pneumoniae DNA was 50 fg DNA corresponding to 20 genome equivalents of S. pneumoniae DNA. The efficiency of the hybridization step was monitored by using known amounts of synthetic target oligonucleotides as standards. Sensitivity of 3 x 10(8) molecules per individual reaction well was achieved with a 30-min attachment time and a 3-h hybridization time. Detection of PCR-amplified products by the microwell hybridization technique and TRF was compared to agarose gel electrophoresis in 50 middle ear fluid samples obtained from children with acute otitis media. The agarose gel and TRF detection methods identified all culture-positive samples, but both were also positive for 55% of the culture-negative samples. The results suggest that the detection of amplified PCR products by microwell hybridization using Europium-labelled oligonucleotides is a reliable method for the demonstration of the pneumolysin gene fragment. Furthermore, the method is suitable for automation and, thus, for testing high numbers of samples. The clinical significance of the PCR findings remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rintamäki
- National Public Health Institute (KTL), P.O. Box 310, 90101, Oulu, Finland
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Grönlund J, Salo P, Hällström M, Pohjankoski H, Salo MK. [The first diagnosis of Farber's disease in Finland]. Duodecim 2002; 116:1555-60. [PMID: 12001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Grönlund
- TAYS:n lastenklinikka PL 2000, 33521 Tampere.
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Bădescu SC, Salo P, Ala-Nissila T, Ying SC, Jacobi K, Wang Y, Bedürftig K, Ertl G. Energetics and vibrational states for hydrogen on Pt(111). Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:136101. [PMID: 11955109 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.136101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2001] [Revised: 03/04/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a combination of theoretical calculations and experiments for the low-lying vibrational excitations of H and D atoms adsorbed on the Pt(111) surface. The vibrational band states are calculated based on the full three-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surface obtained from first-principles calculations. For coverages less than three quarters of a monolayer, the observed experimental high-resolution electron peaks at 31 and 68 meV are in excellent agreement with the theoretical transitions between selected bands. Our results convincingly demonstrate the need to go beyond the local harmonic oscillator picture to understand the dynamics of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bădescu
- Helsinki Institute of Physics and Laboratory of Physics, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, FIN-02015 HUT, Espoo, Finland
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Simell O, Niinikoski H, Rönnemaa T, Lapinleimu H, Routi T, Lagström H, Salo P, Jokinen E, Viikari J. Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Babies (STRIP). Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72:1316S-1331S. [PMID: 11063474 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1316s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introducing nutritional and lifestyle principles to children in late infancy may permanently improve their adherence to a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet, thus reducing of coronary risk factors, but worries about possible effects on growth and development have hampered such an approach. OBJECTIVE The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Babies (STRIP) aimed to decrease exposure to known environmental atherosclerosis risk factors in children 7-36 mo of age. DESIGN Repeated, individualized counseling aimed at promoting a fat intake of 30% of energy and a 1:1:1 ratio of saturated to monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fat intake was provided (n = 540 intervention children; 284 boys). Nutrition was discussed superficially with the families of the control children (n = 522; 266 boys) and food intake was recorded at 3-6-mo intervals by use of 3-4-d food diaries. Serum lipids were measured at 6-12-mo intervals and growth was monitored regularly. RESULTS Fat intake of the intervention (control) children provided 29.5% (29.4%) of energy at the age of 8 mo, 26.6% (28.5%) of energy at 13 mo, 30.5% (33.5%) of energy at 24 mo, and 31. 5% (33.5%) of energy at 36 mo. The intervention children consistently consumed less saturated fat than did the control children (P: <0.0001). Recommended intakes of other nutrients (except vitamin D and occasionally iron) were reached irrespective of the amount and type of dietary fat. Serum cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were 3-6% lower in the intervention children than in the control children. The intervention had no effect on height, weight, or head circumference gain. Fat intake did not predict children's growth patterns. CONCLUSION Repeated, individualized counseling in early childhood aimed at reducing consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol was effective and feasible and did not restrict growth in circumstances in which children were regularly monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Simell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and the Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, University of Turku, Finland.
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Salo P, Viikari J, Hämäläinen M, Lapinleimu H, Routi T, Niinikoski H, Rask-Nissilä L, Tammi A, Rönnemaa T, Seppänen R, Jokinen E, Välimäki I, Simell O. Fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters as a reflector of low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet in young children: the STRIP project. The Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project. Acta Paediatr 2000; 89:399-405. [PMID: 10830449 DOI: 10.1080/080352500750028087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
STRIP (the Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project) is an ongoing intervention trial which aims at a permanent reduction in the intake of saturated fat and cholesterol starting in childhood. A total of 75 intervention and 63 control children was studied consecutively at the ages of 7 and 13 mo, and 2, 3 and 5 y to evaluate the influence of such intervention on serum cholesterol ester (CE) fatty acid composition, a widely used biomarker of fatty acid intake. Analysis of 4-d food records showed that total intake of fat and of saturated fat increased with age in both groups of children but was constantly lower in intervention than in control children, e.g. at the age of 5 y the mean intakes of total fat and of saturated fatty acids were 31.1 E% and 33.9 E% and 12.1 E% and 14.6 E% in intervention and control children, respectively (p = 0.009 and 0.0001, respectively). Serum CE fatty acid compositions did not differ between the 2 groups at any age; the mean proportion of CE linoleic acid was 52.4% and 52.0% in 5-y-old intervention and control children, respectively. Correlation analysis showed, however, that the percentage of linoleic acid and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in CE reflected well the respective dietary intakes (r = 0.36; p = 0.0001 for both coefficients). In conclusion, CE fatty acid composition did not differ between the intervention and control groups, whereas CE linoleic and total polyunsaturated fatty acids reflected well the differences in their intakes at the individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- The Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Finland
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Salo P, Seppänen-Laakso T, Laakso I, Seppänen R, Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Simell O. Low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet in 3-year-old children: effect on intake and composition of trans fatty acids and other fatty acids in serum phospholipid fraction-The STRIP study. Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for children. J Pediatr 2000; 136:46-52. [PMID: 10636973 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(00)90048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether replacing a proportion of saturated fat with vegetable oils in the diet of young children increases trans fatty acid intake. STUDY DESIGN Dietary counseling aimed to reach a dietary fat ratio of unsaturated to saturated fat of 2:1 within a total fat intake of 30% to 35% of energy (E%). Four-day food records of 813 3-year-old children were analyzed, and serum phospholipid fatty acid compositions of 25 randomly selected intervention children and 17 control children were analyzed. RESULTS trans fatty acid intake of the intervention and control children was small (0.8 E% and 0.6 E%, respectively; P <.001). The relative content of serum phospholipid trans 18:1 was closely similar in intervention and control children (1.0% and 0.9% of all fatty acids, respectively). Trans fatty acid intake and serum trans 18:1 correlated poorly with children's serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations and inversely with serum phospholipid arachidonic to linoleic acid ratio (r = -0.373). CONCLUSIONS Trans fatty acid intake of children in Finland is minimal. Dietary intervention replacing saturated with unsaturated fatty acids is safe because it does not increase trans fatty acid intake or the relative content of trans fatty acids in the serum phospholipid fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Cardiorespiratory Research Unit and the Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Clinical Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Salo P, Viikari J, Rask-Nissilä L, Hämäläinen M, Rönnemaa T, Seppänen R, Simell O. Effect of low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol dietary intervention on fatty acid compositions in serum lipid fractions in 5-year-old children. The STRIP project. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999; 53:927-32. [PMID: 10602349 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of dietary low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol intervention on fat intake and fatty acid compositions in serum cholesterol ester (CE), phospholipid (PL) and triglyceride (TG) fractions in five-year-old children. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS The STRIP project is a prospective, randomised intervention project in which 1062 seven-month-old infants were recruited from the well-baby clinics. 764 children participated in the 5-year follow-up; 202 of them were randomly selected for this study. Diet was assessed with 4-d dietary records. Serum CE, PL and TG fatty acid compositions were analysed with gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Saturated fat intake of intervention children (mean (confidence interval)) (girls 11.9 (11.2-12.6) % of energy intake (E%); boys 12.5 (11.9-13.1)) was lower than that of the control children (girls 14.4 (13.7-15.2) E%; boys 15.0 (14.3-15. 8) E%) (P=0.0001 for the difference between intervention and control groups). The intake of unsaturated fat differed only slightly. Dietary ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids (PS ratios) of the intervention and control diets were 0.44 and 0.33, respectively (P=0.0001). Furthermore, serum cholesterol concentrations of the intervention and control children differed (4. 28 (4.13-4.43) mmol/L vs 4.49 (4.35-4.63) mmol/L; P=0.04). Relative proportion of saturated fatty acids in serum TG was lower (34.9% vs 36.3%; P=0.04) and that of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids higher (13.9% vs 12.4%; P=0.0004) in the intervention than in the control children, whereas serum CE and PL fatty acid compositions of intervention and control groups were closely similar. However, intake of linoleic acid correlated better with serum linoleic acid relative content in the CE fraction (r=0.36; P=0.0001) than in the PL (r=0.27; P=0.0002) or in the TG (r=0.23; P=0.0016) fraction. CONCLUSIONS Intervention resulted in decreased intake of saturated fatty acids and lowered serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations. Of serum lipid fractions, TG fatty acid composition was the most sensitive and parallelled the findings in dietary food records.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- The Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, University of Turku
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Abstract
Whole blood, purified leukocyte fraction and serum were investigated as specimens for the detection of pneumococcal bacteremia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in mice. The PCR findings were compared to the blood culture results. Samples were taken from animals 3 and 12 h after intraperitoneal bacterial challenge. The pneumococcal culture was positive in 27% and 77% of blood samples at 3 and 12 h after challenge, respectively. All whole blood samples were positive by PCR at both time points. Of the buffy coat samples, two of the three pools were PCR-positive at 3 h and all pools at 12 h after bacterial challenge. In the serum sample group, only 40% of the sera were PCR-positive at 3 h, while at 12 h 90% of the samples were PCR-positive. According to these results, whole blood seems to be the best specimen for the detection of pneumococcal DNA by PCR in bacteremic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- National Public Health Institute, Department in Oulu, Finland
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Salo P, Leinonen M. Microbiological investigations. Semin Respir Infect 1999; 14:128-34. [PMID: 10391407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Causative diagnosis of pneumonia is problematic. The lack of a reliable gold standard for diagnosis has also made the development of new diagnostic methods for different microbes causing pneumonia difficult. Serologic methods are continuously used in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by viruses and atypical bacteria. However, rapid diagnostic methods are urgently needed to guide clinicians to choose proper antibiotic treatment because resistant bacteria are emerging in different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Laboratory of Respiratory Bacterial Infection, Department in Oulu, National Public Health Institute, Finland
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Salo P, Viikari J, Hämäläinen M, Lapinleimu H, Routi T, Rönnemaa T, Seppänen R, Jokinen E, Välimäki I, Simell O. Serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in 7- and 13-month-old children in a prospective randomized trial of a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet: the STRIP baby project. Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for children. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:505-12. [PMID: 10426172 DOI: 10.1080/08035259950169503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate changes that occur in serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition during the transition from typical infant feeding to a more adult type of nutrition, this study compared the effects on serum cholesterol ester fatty acids of breast milk or formula at the age of 7 mo with effects caused by 6-mo dietary intervention in 137 children. The intervention [Special Turku coronary Risk factor Intervention Project for children (STRIP baby project)] aimed at a reduction of saturated fat intake to 10% of energy after the age of 1 y without purposefully influencing total fat intake. Nutrient intakes were calculated from 3-d food records. At the age of 7 mo, i.e. before dietary education began, milk type markedly influenced dietary and serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition (mean serum cholesterol ester 16:0 in breastfed vs formula-fed infants, 13.7% vs 12.0%, respectively, p < 0.001; serum cholesterol ester 18:2n-6 50.6% vs 57.6%, p < 0.001). At the age of 13 mo the calculated fat intake of the intervention and control children differed markedly but serum cholesterol ester fatty acid compositions in all children resembled closely those measured in 7-mo-old breastfed infants, e.g. at the age of 13 mo the relative proportions of 18:2n-6 were 49.9% and 51.1% in previously formula-fed intervention and control children, respectively, and 50.3% and 50.1% in previously breastfed intervention and control children, respectively. In conclusion, serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition reflected differences in dietary fat quality (breast milk or formula) at the age of 7 mo, whereas dietary intervention as applied in the STRIP baby project had only a minimal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Finland
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37
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Salo P. The role of joint innervation in the pathogenesis of arthritis. Can J Surg 1999; 42:91-100. [PMID: 10223069 PMCID: PMC3788967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an expanding body of knowledge has documented the nature and functions of receptors in joint tissues and their potential importance in preserving the smooth normal functioning of the motor-skeletal system and in amplifying the inflammatory response to joint injuries and diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the anatomical and physiological substrates of these mechanisms. The distribution, morphologic and functional characteristics of joint receptors have been well described. In the past decade there has been a new appreciation of the major role played by sensory neurons in promoting regional inflammatory responses, and many of the specific neuronal mechanisms and molecules that mediate these reflexes have been identified. This knowledge promises to significantly improve the selectivity and effectiveness of pharmacologic approaches to pain, trauma and regional inflammatory disorders. Other investigations have revealed important contributions of joint receptors to motor function. These refer not to proprioception or the sense of limb position in space, but rather to a more sophisticated tailoring of muscle activity to increase joint stability and to protect joint structures from damaging loads. Whether a loss of these reflexes may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remains controversial. However, there is a growing consensus that a loss of these reflexes may contribute to the morbidity associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. Synovial joints are sites of major interactions between the musculoskeletal and the nervous systems. Understanding the mechanisms that activate and control these interactions will certainly offer the opportunity to develop new, more effective treatments for patients with joint disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- McCaig Center for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Alberta
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Zerjal T, Dashnyam B, Pandya A, Kayser M, Roewer L, Santos FR, Schiefenhövel W, Fretwell N, Jobling MA, Harihara S, Shimizu K, Semjidmaa D, Sajantila A, Salo P, Crawford MH, Ginter EK, Evgrafov OV, Tyler-Smith C. Genetic relationships of Asians and Northern Europeans, revealed by Y-chromosomal DNA analysis. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 60:1174-83. [PMID: 9150165 PMCID: PMC1712423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have identified a new T-->C transition on the human Y chromosome. C-allele chromosomes have been found only in a subset of the populations from Asia and northern Europe and reach their highest frequencies in Yakut, Buryats, and Finns. Examination of the microsatellite haplotypes of the C-allele chromosomes suggests that the mutation occurred recently in Asia. The Y chromosome thus provides both information about population relationships in Asia and evidence for a substantial paternal genetic contribution of Asians to northern European populations such as the Finns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zerjal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lankinen KS, Salo P, Rapola S, Salo E, Takala AK, Leinonen M. Pneumococcal capsular antigen detection after enrichment culture: an alternative to culture methods in epidemiologic research. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1997; 56:211-5. [PMID: 9080882 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae followed by serotyping is not always feasible under field conditions. Antigen detection methods could be an alternative, but they are associated with sensitivity problems. In an effort to improve their sensitivity, we introduced an enrichment phase before antigen detection and compared the results with direct bacterial culture, using nasopharyngeal swabs from 95 children with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Antigen detection was performed by latex agglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 29 (30%) of the samples by culture, and in 42 (44%) by antigen detection after enrichment, an excess of 45% over culture findings. This excess was shown to represent true positive samples since pneumococcal DNA could be detected by polymerase chain reaction in all 15 antigen-positive, culture-negative samples. Two culture-positive samples were antigen-negative; in one of these the bacteria were nonencapsulated. We conclude that for type-specific demonstration of S. pneumoniae, detection of pneumococcal antigen after an enrichment step is a sensitive method that can be applied for epidemiologic study purposes, e.g., in vaccine trials, in areas without ready access to a good microbiology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Lankinen
- Department of Bacterial Respiratory Infections, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
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40
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Salo P, Viikari J, Ronnemaa T, Hamalainen M, Jokinen E, Valimaki I, Simell O. Milk type during mixed feeding: contribution to serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in late infancy. J Pediatr 1997; 130:110-6. [PMID: 9003859 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(97)70318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the contribution of the type of milk on serum cholesterol ester fatty acids in infants receiving mixed feeding, we analyzed 3-day dietary records and serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition of 397 seven-month-old infants. STUDY DESIGN The infants received, in addition to solid food, only one type of milk: human milk (n = 218), a ready-to-use liquid formula (n = 139), a powdered formula (n = 33), or soy formula (n = 7). RESULTS Mean fat intakes were low and varied from 28% to 31% of energy; the milks provided 43% to 64% of the fat. The mean polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratios of solid foods were from 0.52 to 0.63 and of milks from 0.20 to 0.45. Breast-fed infants' relative serum linoleic acid (18:2n-6) concentration was low (51.2%), whereas infants fed liquid formula had low serum oleic acid (18:1n-9) in accordance with low oleic acid content in that formula. The breast-fed infants had markedly higher serum concentrations of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) than the infants fed any of the formulas. CONCLUSION The typical fatty acid patterns of breast- or formula-fed infants were still evident in 7-month-old infants who already received 60% to 70% of their energy from solid food. Marked differences were seen also in the relative concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid despite their small contribution in cholesterol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Cardiorespiratory Research Unit and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Finland
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41
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Niinikoski H, Viikari J, Rönnemaa T, Lapinleimu H, Jokinen E, Salo P, Seppänen R, Leino A, Tuominen J, Välimäki I, Simell O. Prospective randomized trial of low-saturated-fat, low-cholesterol diet during the first 3 years of life. The STRIP baby project. Circulation 1996; 94:1386-93. [PMID: 8822997 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.94.6.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term consequences of modified fat intake in early childhood are poorly known. The randomized prospective STRIP baby project evaluates the effects of repeated dietary counseling on nutrient intakes and serum lipid values in children 7 months to 3 years old. METHODS AND RESULTS One thousand sixty-two infants were randomized to intervention and control groups at 7 months of age. The families of the 540 intervention children were counseled to reduce the child's intake of saturated fat and cholesterol but to ensure adequate energy intake. Five hundred twenty-two control children consumed an unrestricted diet. Food records were kept, and serum lipids were measured at 5- to 12-month intervals. Intakes of saturated fat, fat as proportion of energy (E%), and cholesterol were lower in the intervention children than in control children at 13, 24, and 36 months of age. Fat intake by the intervention children decreased from 29 +/- 5 E% at 8 months of age to 26 +/- 6 E% at 13 months and then increased to 30 +/- 5 E% at 24 months and to 31 +/- 5 E% at 36 months. The control children consumed 29 +/- 4 E%, 28 +/- 5 E%, 33 +/- 5 E%, and 33 +/- 5 E% of fat at 8, 13, 24, and 36 months, respectively. The ratio of dietary poly-unsaturated to saturated fats of the intervention children was consistently higher than that of the control children (P < .0001). Baseline adjusted mean serum cholesterol concentration was lower in the intervention children than control children between 13 and 36 months (P < .0001; 95% confidence interval of the difference between the group means, -0.27 to -0.12 mmol/L). The effect was significant only in boys (95% confidence interval, -0.39 to -0.20 mmol/L in boys; -0.21 to 0.01 mmol/L in girls). CONCLUSIONS Repeated individualized dietary counseling markedly reduces the increase in serum cholesterol concentration that occurs in control children during the first years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Niinikoski
- Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, University of Turku, Finland
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42
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Tahvanainen E, Villanueva AS, Forsius H, Salo P, de la Chapelle A. Dominantly and recessively inherited cornea plana congenita map to the same small region of chromosome 12. Genome Res 1996; 6:249-54. [PMID: 8723718 DOI: 10.1101/gr.6.4.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cornea plana congenita occurs in a mild autosomal dominant (CNA1) and a more severe autosomal recessive (CNA2) form. We recently assigned a CNA2 locus to a region on chromosome 12 by linkage analysis and excluded linkage to that locus in two Finnish CNA1 families. Here we describe a Cuban pedigree in which 14 members are affected with dominantly inherited cornea plana. By linkage analysis this phenotype was mapped to the immediate vicinity of markers D12S82 and D12S351 on 12q, that is, precisely the same small region (3 cM or less) to which CNA2 previously had been assigned. Our results support the existence of at least three genetically distinct forms of cornea plana. It remains to be determined whether recessive and dominant cornea plana are caused by different mutations of a single gene or whether the region in 12q harbors two or more genes whose mutations cause corneal maldevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tahvanainen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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43
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Routi T, Rönnemaa T, Salo P, Seppänen R, Marniemi J, Viikari J, Ehnholm C, Simell O. Effects of prospective, randomized cholesterol-lowering dietary intervention and apolipoprotein E phenotype on serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations of infants aged 7-24 mo. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63:386-91. [PMID: 8602597 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/63.3.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A high serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Few external factors are able to markedly modify serum Lp(a) concentrations. The aim of this study was to evaluate how serum Lp(a) concentrations of infants between 7 and 24 mo of age change in a cholesterol-lowering dietary intervention, and to assess the influence of apolipoprotein (apo) E phenotypes on serum Lp(a) concentrations. The intervention children (n=394) had serum cholesterol, non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and cholesterol corrected for Lp(a)-cholesterol values (P for all <0.001) lower than those of the control children (n=390), but median serum Lp(a) concentrations at the age of 24 mo were not different from those of control children. Serum Lp(a) values differed according to the apo E phenotype as the median Lp(a) values increased from E2/2 to E3/2, E4/2, E3/3, E4/3, and to E4/4 (P for the difference=0.023, Mann-Whitney U test). Our results suggest that apo E phenotype influences serum Lp(a) concentrations noticeably, but the effect of the cholesterol-lowering dietary intervention was not significant in subjects aged 24 mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Routi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Finland
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44
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Jero J, Virolainen A, Salo P, Leinonen M, Eskola J, Karma P. PCR assay for detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae in the middle ear of children with otitis media with effusion. Acta Otolaryngol 1996; 116:288-92. [PMID: 8725534 DOI: 10.3109/00016489609137843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We compared a newly developed pneumococcal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pnc) to bacterial culture in 123 middle ear effusion (MEE) samples of 123 children with otitis media with effusion (OME). For the pneumococcal PCR assay, DNA of MEE samples was purified by a QIAamp blood kit. The outer primers used amplified a 348 basepair region of the pneumolysin gene, and the inner a 208. Pnc was cultured in 14 (11%) and pneumolysin PCR was positive in 57 (46%) of the 123 MEE samples. All the culture positive samples were also PCR-positive. Both the samples with culturable Pnc and with positive pneumolysin PCR increased with shorter duration of OME and a greater number of acute otitis media during the preceding 6 months. In conclusion, pneumolysin PCR suggests pneumococcal involvement in MEE even in OMEs with no evidence of Pnc in culture, and thus offers a good diagnostic tool when a more accurate and sensitive pneumococcal diagnosis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jero
- Department of Otolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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45
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Reijo R, Lee TY, Salo P, Alagappan R, Brown LG, Rosenberg M, Rozen S, Jaffe T, Straus D, Hovatta O, Chapelle ADL, Silber S, Page DC. Diverse spermatogenic defects in humans caused by Y chromosome deletions encompassing a novel RNA-binding protein gene. Hum Reprod 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/11.suppl_4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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46
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Salo P, Kääriäinen H, Petrovic V, Peltomäki P, Page DC, de la Chapelle A. Molecular mapping of the putative gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 14:210-4. [PMID: 8589038 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870140309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the high incidence of gonadoblastoma in females with XY gonadal dysgenesis or 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, the existence of a susceptibility locus on the Y chromosome (GBY) has been postulated. We attempted to map GBY by making use of a recently developed dense map of Y-chromosomal sequence-tagged sites (STSs). In two female patients with gonadoblastoma, small marker chromosomes contained portions of the Y chromosome, and a single region of overlap could be defined extending from probe pDP97 in interval 4B, which contains the centromere, to marker sY182 in interval 5E of the proximal long arm. This interval is contained in a YAC contig that comprises approximately 4 Mb of DNA. Our findings confirm the previous localization of GBY and greatly refine it. The localization of GBY overlaps with the region to which a putative growth determinant, GCY, was recently assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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47
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Routi T, Rönnemaa T, Lapinleimu H, Salo P, Viikari J, Leino A, Välimäki I, Jokinen E, Simell O. Effect of weaning on serum lipoprotein(a) concentration: the STRIP baby study. Pediatr Res 1995; 38:522-7. [PMID: 8559603 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199510000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Risk for coronary heart disease is increased in adult Caucasians with high serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration. In adults the concentration is mainly regulated by genetic factors. Our previous study suggests that breast milk has a beneficial effect on serum Lp(a) concentration in infants. Now we analyzed the influence of weaning by measuring serum Lp(a) and cholesterol in 414 infants at 7, 13, 24, and 36 mo of age. At 7 mo the infants received, in addition to solid food, only breast milk (n = 148), breast milk and formula (n = 74), or formula only (n = 191). Median (range) serum Lp(a) concentrations were then 25 (< or = 12-743) mg/L, 35 (< or = 12-1188) mg/L, and 45 (< or = 12-577) mg/L in the three feeding groups, respectively (p = 0.0013). Breast milk and formula were changed to cow's milk in all infants before 12 mo of age. At 13 mo serum Lp(a) concentration had increased more in infants who were weaned from breast milk than in those who had been fed both breast milk and formula, or formula only (median increases 37, 26, and 20 mg/L, respectively; p = 0.0062). Thus the serum Lp(a) concentration was similar in all feeding groups at 13 mo. This finding was also observed at 24 and 36 mo. The increase in serum Lp(a) concentration was independent of the baseline Lp(a) level, apolipoprotein E phenotype, gender, and weight gain of the infants between 7 and 13 mo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Routi
- Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, University of Turku, Finland
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48
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Salo P, Ignatius J, Simola KO, Tahvanainen E, Kääriäinen H. Clinical features of nine males with molecularly defined deletions of the Y chromosome long arm. J Med Genet 1995; 32:711-5. [PMID: 8544191 PMCID: PMC1051672 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.32.9.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Deletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome have previously been associated with azoospermia and short stature. We report the results of a detailed clinical and molecular study of nine males with partial deletions of Yq. Special emphasis was laid on congenital anomalies and dysmorphic features. Some of the patients have developmental problems or distinct facial features, namely a small chin and mouth, a high arched or cleft palate, downward slanting palpebral fissures, high nasal bridge, and dysmorphic ears. As far as we know, similar facial dysmorphism has not been previously described in association with del(Yq). These features are not, however, simply correlated to the size of the deletion. In none of these patients could evidence of aberrant Xq-Yq interchange be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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49
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Reijo R, Lee TY, Salo P, Alagappan R, Brown LG, Rosenberg M, Rozen S, Jaffe T, Straus D, Hovatta O. Diverse spermatogenic defects in humans caused by Y chromosome deletions encompassing a novel RNA-binding protein gene. Nat Genet 1995; 10:383-93. [PMID: 7670487 DOI: 10.1038/ng0895-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 742] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have detected deletions of portions of the Y chromosome long arm in 12 of 89 men with azoospermia (no sperm in semen). No Y deletions were detected in their male relatives or in 90 other fertile males. The 12 deletions overlap, defining a region likely to contain one or more genes required for spermatogenesis (the Azoospermia Factor, AZF). Deletion of the AZF region is associated with highly variable testicular defects, ranging from complete absence of germ cells to spermatogenic arrest with occasional production of condensed spermatids. We find no evidence of YRRM genes, recently proposed as AZF candidates, in the AZF region. The region contains a single-copy gene, DAZ (Deleted in AZoospermia), which is transcribed in the adult testis and appears to encode an RNA binding protein. The possibility that DAZ is AZF should now be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reijo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02142, USA
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50
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Abstract
A gene contributing to human growth has previously been tentatively mapped to the long arm of the Y chromosome. In the present study, recently developed sequence-tagged site markers covering the entire Y chromosome were used to define deletion breakpoints in 15 males with partial deletions of Yq. By correlating the height of these individuals with their deletion breakpoints, we located a region whose presence or absence has a marked effect on stature. This critical region comprises the most proximal portion of the long arm, extending from marker sY78 in interval 4B to marker sY94 in interval 5G of the proximal long arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salo
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Finland
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