1
|
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Beschreibung der klinischen und labordiagnostischen Befunde von Hunden mit einer durch eine Hypodypsie bedingten Hypernatriämie. Methode: Krankenberichte von acht Hunden mit einer hypodypsischen Hypernatriämie, diagnostiziert zwischen März 1997 und August 2002, wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Das mediane Alter zum Zeitpunkt der Vorstellung betrug 8 Monate (Spannweite: 4–27 Monate). Bei vier Hunden handelte es sich um Staffordshire Bull Terrier. Als häufigste klinische Sym-ptome traten Lethargie und Bewusstseinsveränderung auf. Der Median der höchsten gemessenen Natriumkonzentration jedes Hundes lag bei 196 mmol/l (Spannweite: 175–204 mmol/l). Magnetresonanztomographische Veränderungen fanden sich bei 2/4 Hunden (Hydrozephalus, fehlendes Corpus callosum). Sieben Hunde wurden hospitalisiert und mit intravenöser Flüssigkeitszufuhr für median 7 Tage (Spannbreite 1–15 Tage) behandelt; einem Hund wurde nur Flüssigkeit oral verabreicht. Zwei Hunde wurden während der Hospitalisation euthanasiert (einer wegen einer Pneumonie, einer aufgrund eines zerebralen Ödems) und fünf Hunde wurden entlassen und zu Hause mit zusätzlicher Gabe von Wasser im Futter behandelt. Klinische Relevanz: Bei hochgradiger Hypernatriämie stellt Hypodypsie eine seltene, aber wichtige Differenzialdiagnose dar. Die Ursache in den vorgestellten Fällen ist wahrscheinlich eine Dysfunktion der hypothalamischen Osmorezeptoren.
Collapse
|
2
|
Buckley ME, Chapman PS, Walsh A. Glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism secondary to intravascular lymphoma in the adrenal glands of a dog. Aust Vet J 2017; 95:64-67. [PMID: 28239861 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT A 2-year-old neutered male German Shepherd dog was presented with weakness, poor appetite and weight loss. Glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism was diagnosed with undetectable pre- and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations but normal sodium and potassium concentrations. Despite appropriate supplementation with glucocorticoids, the patient's weakness progressed and neurological deficits developed. The patient was euthanased. Histopathological analysis of multiple organs, including the adrenal glands, showed an accumulation of neoplastic lymphocytes within blood vessels, consistent with a diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma. Histologically, in both adrenal glands, the architecture of the zona fasciculata and reticularis was disrupted by blood vessels congested with a neoplastic population of T-lymphocytes; the zona glomerulosa remained intact. CONCLUSION This is the first report of intravascular lymphoma causing glucocorticoid-deficient hypoadrenocorticism in a dog.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Buckley
- Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, 301 Veterans Highway, Levittown, PA 19056, USA
| | - P S Chapman
- Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, 301 Veterans Highway, Levittown, PA 19056, USA
| | - A Walsh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Blehaut TRW, Hardstaff JL, Chapman PS, Pfeiffer DU, Boag AK, Guitian FJ. Spatial, demographic and clinical patterns of Angiostrongylus vasorum
infection in the dog population of Southern England. Vet Rec 2014; 175:148. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. W. Blehaut
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
- Fitzalan House Veterinary Group; 31 Fitzalan Road Littlehampton West Sussex BN17 5ET UK
| | - J. L. Hardstaff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - P. S. Chapman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK; Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center; 301 Veterans Highway Levittown PA 19056 USA
| | - D. U. Pfeiffer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| | - A. K. Boag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK, Vets Now, Penguin House, Castle Riggs Dunfermline KY11 8SG UK
| | - F. J. Guitian
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield Herts AL9 7TA UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McDonough LM, Averill AL, Davis HG, Smithhisler CL, Murray DA, Chapman PS, Voerman S, Dapsis LJ, Averill MM. Sex pheromone of cranberry fruitworm,Acrobasis vaccinii riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Chem Ecol 2013; 20:3269-79. [PMID: 24241991 DOI: 10.1007/bf02033725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/1994] [Accepted: 08/12/1994] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The following compounds and (approximate ratios) were identified in sex pheromone gland extracts of femaleAcrobasis vaccinii Riley by comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometric traces with those of synthetic standards: (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, (Z,Z), and (E,E)-8, 10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetates (100:1:2:12), a dodecen-l-ol acetate (8), (Z)-8-, (Z)-9-, and (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetates (3:23:4), two heptadecen-l-ol acetates (4:4), tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, and heptadecyl acetates (3:15:10:8), dodecan-l-ol (6), tetradecan-l-ol (5), and hexadecan-l-ol (23). The amount of (E,Z)-8, 10-pentadecadien-l-ol acetate (E8,Z10-15:Ac) in the extract was about 0.5 ng/female. Electroantennographic analysis of gas chromatographic fractions of female sex pheromone gland extract showed that the fraction containingE8,Z10-15:Ac elicited the greatest response. Alone,E8,Z10-15:Ac failed to elicit upwind flight of males in flight-tunnel tests, and traps baited with it did not catch males in field experiments. WhenE8,Z10-15:Ac was combined with (E)-9-pentadecen-l-ol acetate (100:4), male upwind flight response in flight-tunnel tests was equivalent to those obtained with extract of female sex pheromone glands (synthetic, 62%; natural, 51%), but the percent of males flying upwind that contacted the source was lower (synthetic, 47%; natural, 88%). The lower percent of source contact elicited by the synthetic pheromone could be a result of the difference in isomer ratios of 8,10-15:Ac in the natural and synthetic pheromone or could indicate that the synthetic pheromone is incomplete. Traps baited with the 100:4 combination caught large numbers of males in field experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M McDonough
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 98902, Yakima, Washington
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hollins DM, McKinley MA, Williams C, Wiman A, Fillos D, Chapman PS, Madl AK. Beryllium and lung cancer: A weight of evidence evaluation of the toxicological and epidemiological literature. Crit Rev Toxicol 2009; 39 Suppl 3:1-44. [DOI: 10.1080/10408440902837967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
6
|
Goldhammer MA, Chapman PS, Grierson JM. Coxofemoral luxation in a border collie as a complication of a Clostridium tetani infection. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:159-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Angiostrongylosis was diagnosed in 23 dogs presenting to the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals between June 1999 and August 2002. The animals' clinical records were reviewed retrospectively and certain risk factors were compared with a control population of 3407 dogs. Twenty-two of the 23 dogs were from south-east England and dogs from Surrey (n=8) were significantly overrepresented. There were also significantly more Cavalier King Charles spaniels (n=5) and Staffordshire bull terriers (n=5) among the affected dogs than in the control group. The median age of affected dogs was 10 months (range five to 90 months). The most common presenting signs were cough (65 per cent), dyspnoea (43 per cent), haemorrhagic diathesis (35 per cent) and collapse (26 per cent). Four dogs were thrombocytopenic and eight had significant prolongations in prothrombin time and/or activated partial thromboplastin time. Thoracic radiographs were abnormal in 18 of 19 dogs. A variety of changes were observed, the most typical being a patchy alveolar-interstitial pattern affecting the dorsocaudal lung fields. Angiostrongylus vasorum larvae were found in seven of 10 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens and 19 of 19 faecal samples. Three dogs died shortly after admission to the hospital. The remainder were successfully treated with fenbendazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg for five to 21 days. A vasorum should now be considered endemic to south-east England.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Chapman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Clinical and biochemical changes suggestive of hypoadrenocorticism were observed in a 10-year-old male neutered Staffordshire bull terrier shortly after beginning therapy with trilostane for the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism. The dog's condition was stabilised with intravenous fluids, fludrocortisone and prednisolone. An exploratory laparotomy and excisional biopsy of the left adrenal gland were performed. Histopathological analysis showed adrenal cortical necrosis with reactive inflammation and fibrosis. Trilostane is a reversible inhibitor of steroid synthesis and this complication has not been reported previously. Clinicians should be aware that trilostane therapy may result in adrenal necrosis but that prompt treatment might correct a life-threatening situation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Chapman
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Delancey Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Thoracic radiographs of 16 dogs infected naturally with Angiostrongylus vasorum showed signs of bronchial thickening, an interstitial pattern and a multifocal and/or peripheral alveolar pattern. In dogs treated with fenbendazole, follow-up radiographs showed that the alveolar pattern had resolved and a mild, hazy interstitial pattern had developed. In contrast with dogs with heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), no pulmonary vascular lesions were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Boag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL97 7TA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chapman PS, Mooney CT, Ede J, Evans H, O'Connor J, Pfeiffer DU, Neiger R. Evaluation of the basal and post-adrenocorticotrophic hormone serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. Vet Rec 2003; 153:771-5. [PMID: 14735992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol were measured before and after the administration of exogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) to three groups of dogs: 27 healthy dogs (group 1), 19 dogs with non-adrenal illness (group 2) and 46 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (group 3). The median (range) post-ACTH concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone were 5.0 (22.2 to 16.8), 6.9 (2.0 to 36.2) and 14.4 (1.7 to 71) nmol/litre in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. There were no significant differences in the basal or post-ACTH concentrations of cortisol or 17-hydroxyprogesterone between groups 1 and 2. The post-ACTH concentrations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in group 3 were significantly (P<0.001) greater than those in groups 1 and 2 combined. The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC) for the post-ACTH concentration of cortisol (0.94) was significantly greater than that for the post-ACTH concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (0.76). Using a two-graph ROC analysis, a cut-off of 8.5 nmol/litre was found to maximise both the sensitivity and specificity of the post-ACTH concentration of 17-hydroxyprogesterone for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism at 71 per cent. With a cut-off of 4.5 nmol/litre the sensitivity increased to 90 per cent but the specificity decreased to 40 per cent; with a cut-off of 16.7 nmol/litre the specificity increased to 90 per cent but the sensitivity decreased to 47 per cent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Chapman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
An 11-year-old female German Shepherd dog presented with lethargy and anorexia, which progressed to haemorrhagic vomiting, diarrhoea and seizures. Serum biochemistry and haematology results showed azotaemia and mild thrombocytopaenia. Euthanasia was elected and the dog was submitted for necropsy examination. There were widespread serosal and mucosal petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages within the abdomen, with ascites and multiple renal infarcts. The renal infarcts were associated with fibrinoid necrosis and thrombosis of inter-lobular arteries and arterioles. These arterial lesions and clinical signs are consistent with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, which has not previously been reported in dogs in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chantrey
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chapman PS. What was your diagnosis? Leishmaniasis. J Small Anim Pract 2001; 42:527, 561-2. [PMID: 11721979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2001.tb06020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P S Chapman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chapman PS, Green C, Main JP, Taylor PM, Cunningham FM, Cook AJ, Marr CM. Retrospective study of the relationships between age, inflammation and the isolation of bacteria from the lower respiratory tract of thoroughbred horses. Vet Rec 2000; 146:91-5. [PMID: 10682693 DOI: 10.1136/vr.146.4.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1235 tracheal aspirates taken from 724 thoroughbreds in race training, aged from two to 10 years, were examined cytologically and bacteriologically. An inflammation scoring system on a scale of 0 to 9 was devised to allow the severity of lower airway disease to be assessed from the cytological results. The inflammation scores were closely related to the isolation of bacteria (P<0.001), and the most common bacterial isolates were Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pasteurella/Actinobacillus-like species. Lower airway disease was less common in older horses (P = 0.031), and the groups at highest risk were the two- and four-year-olds. Lower airway inflammation was more common in the four-year-olds at National Hunt yards than in the four-year-olds at flat racing yards (P = 0.040, odds ratio = 3.80).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S Chapman
- Department of Farm Animal and Equine Medicine and Surgery, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
McDonough LM, Davis HG, Chapman PS, Smithhisler CL. Codling moth (Cydia pomonella): Disruptants of sex pheromonal communication. J Chem Ecol 1994; 20:171-81. [PMID: 24241707 DOI: 10.1007/bf02065999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/1993] [Accepted: 09/13/1993] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a small section of an apple orchard, six traps were placed each in control and test areas and baited with live virgin female codling moths. Gray elastomer septa were used to dispense communication disruptants around the traps. Dyed male codling moths were released in control and test areas, and the numbers of males captured in control and test traps were compared. In 1991, linear regression curves of percent communication disruption versus logarithm of dose were obtained for three compositions: (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, codlemone (1); codlemone + dodecan-1-ol + tetradecan-1-ol (2); and an equilibrium mixture of the four isomers of 8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (30, (61%EE, 14%ZE, 20%EZ, and 5%ZZ). All three regressions gaver (2) values greater than 0.90. At the 95% confidence limits, slopes and intercepts of compositions 1 and 2 were equivalent, and different from that of composition 3, which produced the greatest percentages of disruption at all doses. In 1992, five treatments were compared at a single dose: 1, 3, none (4), (Z,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (5), (E,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (6). Compositions 5 and 6 gave the greatest and similar percentages of disruption and were different from codlemone (1) and 4 (95% confidence), but not from composition 3. Communication disruption produced by composition 3 was greater than (codlemone), which was greater than 4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M McDonough
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, 3706 W. Nob Hill Blvd., 98902, Yakima, Washington
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
McDonough LM, Davis HG, Chapman PS, Smithhisler CL. Response of male codling moths (Cydia pomonella) to components of conspecific female sex pheromone glands in flight tunnel tests. J Chem Ecol 1993; 19:1737-48. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00982304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1992] [Accepted: 03/23/1993] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Davis HG, McDonough LM, Chapman PS, Smithhisler CL, Bowers DD, Voerman S. Sugar beet crown borer,Hulstia undulatella (Clemens) 1: Identification and field tests of female sex pheromone gland components. J Chem Ecol 1993; 19:433-40. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00994316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/1992] [Accepted: 10/19/1992] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
17
|
McDonough LM, Davis HG, Smithhisler CL, Voerman S, Chapman PS. Apple ermine moth,Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller Two components of female sex pheromone gland highly effective in field trapping tests. J Chem Ecol 1990; 16:477-86. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01021779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/1988] [Accepted: 03/07/1989] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|