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Flechas Becerra C, Barrios Silva LV, Ahmed E, Bear JC, Feng Z, Chau DY, Parker SG, Halligan S, Lythgoe MF, Stuckey DJ, Patrick PS. X-Ray Visible Protein Scaffolds by Bulk Iodination. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2306246. [PMID: 38145968 PMCID: PMC10933627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterial use is expanding within medicine, together with the demand to visualize their placement and behavior in vivo. However, current medical imaging techniques struggle to differentiate between protein-based implants and surrounding tissue. Here a fast, simple, and translational solution for tracking transplanted protein-based scaffolds is presented using X-ray CT-facilitating long-term, non-invasive, and high-resolution imaging. X-ray visible scaffolds are engineered by selectively iodinating tyrosine residues under mild conditions using readily available reagents. To illustrate translatability, a clinically approved hernia repair mesh (based on decellularized porcine dermis) is labeled, preserving morphological and mechanical properties. In a mouse model of mesh implantation, implants retain marked X-ray contrast up to 3 months, together with an unchanged degradation rate and inflammatory response. The technique's compatibility is demonstrated with a range of therapeutically relevant protein formats including bovine, porcine, and jellyfish collagen, as well as silk sutures, enabling a wide range of surgical and regenerative medicine uses. This solution tackles the challenge of visualizing implanted protein-based biomaterials, which conventional imaging methods fail to differentiate from endogenous tissue. This will address previously unanswered questions regarding the accuracy of implantation, degradation rate, migration, and structural integrity, thereby accelerating optimization and safe translation of therapeutic biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flechas Becerra
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Lady V. Barrios Silva
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringEastman Dental InstituteUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PFUK
| | - Ebtehal Ahmed
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- School of Life SciencePharmacy & ChemistryKingston UniversityPenrhyn RoadKingston upon ThamesKT1 2EEUK
| | - Zhiping Feng
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - David Y.S. Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringEastman Dental InstituteUniversity College LondonRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonNW3 2PFUK
| | - Samuel G. Parker
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College London UCLCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Steve Halligan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College London UCLCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7TSUK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingDivision of MedicineUniversity College LondonPaul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley StreetLondonWC1E 6DDUK
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2
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Helfer BM, Ponomarev V, Patrick PS, Blower PJ, Feitel A, Fruhwirth GO, Jackman S, Pereira Mouriès L, Park MVDZ, Srinivas M, Stuckey DJ, Thu MS, van den Hoorn T, Herberts CA, Shingleton WD. Options for imaging cellular therapeutics in vivo: a multi-stakeholder perspective. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:757-773. [PMID: 33832818 PMCID: PMC9344904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been making great advances toward clinical reality. Despite the increase in trial activity, few therapies have successfully navigated late-phase clinical trials and received market authorization. One possible explanation for this is that additional tools and technologies to enable their development have only recently become available. To support the safety evaluation of cell therapies, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-Tracking, Circulation and Safety Committee, a multisector collaborative committee, polled the attendees of the 2017 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy conference in London, UK, to understand the gaps and needs that cell therapy developers have encountered regarding safety evaluations in vivo. The goal of the survey was to collect information to inform stakeholders of areas of interest that can help ensure the safe use of cellular therapeutics in the clinic. This review is a response to the cellular imaging interests of those respondents. The authors offer a brief overview of available technologies and then highlight the areas of interest from the survey by describing how imaging technologies can meet those needs. The areas of interest include imaging of cells over time, sensitivity of imaging modalities, ability to quantify cells, imaging cellular survival and differentiation and safety concerns around adding imaging agents to cellular therapy protocols. The Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Cell Therapy-Tracking, Circulation and Safety Committee believes that the ability to understand therapeutic cell fate is vital for determining and understanding cell therapy efficacy and safety and offers this review to aid in those needs. An aim of this article is to share the available imaging technologies with the cell therapy community to demonstrate how these technologies can accomplish unmet needs throughout the translational process and strengthen the understanding of cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Feitel
- Formerly, Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shawna Jackman
- Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Margriet V D Z Park
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mangala Srinivas
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Cenya Imaging BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mya S Thu
- Visicell Medical Inc, La Jolla, California, USA
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Armstrong JPK, Keane TJ, Roques AC, Patrick PS, Mooney CM, Kuan WL, Pisupati V, Oreffo ROC, Stuckey DJ, Watt FM, Forbes SJ, Barker RA, Stevens MM. A blueprint for translational regenerative medicine. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/572/eaaz2253. [PMID: 33268507 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have produced a large number of proof-of-concept studies in regenerative medicine. However, the route to clinical adoption is fraught with technical and translational obstacles that frequently consign promising academic solutions to the so-called "valley of death." Here, we present a proposed blueprint for translational regenerative medicine. We offer principles to help guide the selection of cells and materials, present key in vivo imaging modalities, and argue that the host immune response should be considered throughout design and development. Last, we suggest a pathway to navigate the often complex regulatory and manufacturing landscape of translational regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P K Armstrong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Timothy J Keane
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anne C Roques
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Claire M Mooney
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Venkat Pisupati
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Bettini A, Patrick PS, Day R, Stuckey D. 179 CT-visible microspheres enable in vivo tracking of biomaterial distribution after ultrasound-guided intramyocardial injection. Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2021-bcs.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Paliashvili K, Popov A, Kalber TL, Patrick PS, Hayes A, Henley A, Raynaud FI, Ahmed HU, Day RM. Peritumoral Delivery of Docetaxel-TIPS Microparticles for Prostate Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. Adv Ther (Weinh) 2021; 4:2000179. [PMID: 34527807 PMCID: PMC8427470 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy is a consequence of incomplete tumor resection. Systemic chemotherapy after surgery is associated with significant toxicity. Improved delivery methods for toxic drugs capable of targeting positive resection margins can reduce tumor recurrence and avoid their known toxicity. This study evaluates the effectiveness and toxicity of docetaxel (DTX) release from highly porous biodegradable microparticles intended for delivery into the tissue cavity created during radical prostatectomy to target residual tumor cells. The microparticles, composed of poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), are processed using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and loaded with DTX via antisolvent precipitation. Sustained drug release and effective toxicity in vitro are observed against PC3 human prostate cells. Peritumoral injection in a PC3 xenograft tumor model results in tumor growth inhibition equivalent to that achieved with intravenous delivery of DTX. Unlike intravenous delivery of DTX, implantation of DTX-TIPS microparticles is not accompanied by toxicity or elevated systemic levels of DTX in organ tissues or plasma. DTX-TIPS microparticles provide localized and sustained release of nontoxic therapeutic amounts of DTX. This may offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving management of patients with clinically localized high-risk disease requiring radical prostatectomy and other solid cancers at high risk of positive resection margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketevan Paliashvili
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Alexander Popov
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical ImagingUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Angela Hayes
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Alan Henley
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- Drug Metabolism Pharmacokinetics and MetabolomicsCancer Research UK Cancer TherapeuticsUnit at The Institute of Cancer ResearchDivision of Cancer Therapeutics15 Cotswold RoadSuttonLondonSM2 5NGUK
| | - Hashim U. Ahmed
- Division of SurgeryDepartment of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Richard M. Day
- Centre for Precision HealthcareUCL Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
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Zaw Thin M, Allan H, Bofinger R, Kostelec TD, Guillaume S, Connell JJ, Patrick PS, Hailes HC, Tabor AB, Lythgoe MF, Stuckey DJ, Kalber TL. Multi-modal imaging probe for assessing the efficiency of stem cell delivery to orthotopic breast tumours. Nanoscale 2020; 12:16570-16585. [PMID: 32749427 PMCID: PMC7586303 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been utilised as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to home to and integrate within tumours. Methods to augment stem cell homing to tumours are being investigated with the goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. However, it is currently not possible to evaluate both cell localisation and cell viability after engraftment, hindering optimisation of therapy. In this study, luciferase-expressing human adipocyte-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were incubated with Indium-111 radiolabelled iron oxide nanoparticles to produce cells with tri-modal imaging capabilities. ADSCs were administered intravenously (IV) or intracardially (IC) to mice bearing orthotopic breast tumours. Cell fate was monitored using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a measure of cell viability, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cell localisation and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for cell quantification. Serial monitoring with multi-modal imaging showed the presence of viable ADSCs within tumours as early as 1-hour post IC injection and the percentage of ADSCs within tumours to be 2-fold higher after IC than IV. Finally, histological analysis was used to validate engraftment of ADSC within tumour tissue. These findings demonstrate that multi-modal imaging can be used to evaluate the efficiency of stem cell delivery to tumours and that IC cell administration is more effective for tumour targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zaw Thin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Helen Allan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Robin Bofinger
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Tomas D Kostelec
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Simon Guillaume
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - John J Connell
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Helen C Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alethea B Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20, Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Patrick PS, Kolluri KK, Zaw Thin M, Edwards A, Sage EK, Sanderson T, Weil BD, Dickson JC, Lythgoe MF, Lowdell M, Janes SM, Kalber TL. Lung delivery of MSCs expressing anti-cancer protein TRAIL visualised with 89Zr-oxine PET-CT. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32586403 PMCID: PMC7318529 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MSCTRAIL is a cell-based therapy consisting of human allogeneic umbilical cord-derived MSCs genetically modified to express the anti-cancer protein TRAIL. Though cell-based therapies are typically designed with a target tissue in mind, delivery is rarely assessed due to a lack of translatable non-invasive imaging approaches. In this preclinical study, we demonstrate 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging as a potential clinical solution for non-invasively tracking MSCTRAIL biodistribution. Future implementation of this technique should improve our understanding of MSCTRAIL during its evaluation as a therapy for metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS MSCTRAIL were radiolabelled with 89Zr-oxine and assayed for viability, phenotype, and therapeutic efficacy post-labelling. PET-CT imaging of 89Zr-oxine-labelled MSCTRAIL was performed in a mouse model of lung cancer following intravenous injection, and biodistribution was confirmed ex vivo. RESULTS MSCTRAIL retained the therapeutic efficacy and MSC phenotype in vitro at labelling amounts up to and above those required for clinical imaging. The effect of 89Zr-oxine labelling on cell proliferation rate was amount- and time-dependent. PET-CT imaging showed delivery of MSCTRAIL to the lungs in a mouse model of lung cancer up to 1 week post-injection, validated by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, autoradiography, and fluorescence imaging on tissue sections. CONCLUSIONS 89Zr-oxine labelling and PET-CT imaging present a potential method of evaluating the biodistribution of new cell therapies in patients, including MSCTRAIL. This offers to improve understanding of cell therapies, including mechanism of action, migration dynamics, and inter-patient variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Edwards
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth K Sage
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Sanderson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin D Weil
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - John C Dickson
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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8
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Patrick PS, Bear JC, Fitzke HE, Zaw-Thin M, Parkin IP, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Stuckey DJ. Radio-metal cross-linking of alginate hydrogels for non-invasive in vivo imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 243:119930. [PMID: 32171101 PMCID: PMC7103761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogels are cross-linked polymers with high water content, tuneable chemical and material properties, and a range of biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell therapy. However, their similarity to soft tissue often renders them undetectable within the body using conventional bio-medical imaging techniques. This leaves much unknown about their behaviour in vivo, posing a challenge to therapy development and validation. To address this, we report a novel, fast, and simple method of incorporating the nuclear imaging radio-metal 111In into the structure of alginate hydrogels by utilising its previously-undescribed capacity as an ionic cross-linking agent. This enabled non-invasive in vivo nuclear imaging of hydrogel delivery and retention across the whole body, over time, and across a range of model therapies including: nasal and oral drug delivery, stem cell transplantation, and cardiac tissue engineering. This information will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic hydrogel formulations, encompassing alginate, across disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Heather E Fitzke
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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9
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Ryan SG, Butler MN, Adeyemi SS, Kalber T, Patrick PS, Zaw Thin M, Harrison IF, Stuckey DJ, Pule M, Lythgoe MF. Imaging of X-Ray-Excited Emissions from Quantum Dots and Biological Tissue in Whole Mouse. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19223. [PMID: 31844147 PMCID: PMC6915766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical imaging in clinical and preclinical settings can provide a wealth of biological information, particularly when coupled with targetted nanoparticles, but optical scattering and absorption limit the depth and resolution in both animal and human subjects. Two new hybrid approaches are presented, using the penetrating power of X-rays to increase the depth of optical imaging. Foremost, we demonstrate the excitation by X-rays of quantum-dots (QD) emitting in the near-infrared (NIR), using a clinical X-ray system to map the distribution of QDs at depth in whole mouse. We elicit a clear, spatially-resolved NIR signal from deep organs (brain, liver and kidney) with short (1 second) exposures and tolerable radiation doses that will permit future in vivo applications. Furthermore, X-ray-excited endogenous emission is also detected from whole mouse. The use of keV X-rays to excite emission from QDs and tissue represent novel biomedical imaging technologies, and exploit emerging QDs as optical probes for spatial-temporal molecular imaging at greater depth than previously possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G Ryan
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Matthew N Butler
- School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Segun S Adeyemi
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Tammy Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - May Zaw Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ian F Harrison
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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10
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Davies A, Sage B, Kolluri K, Alrifai D, Graham R, Weil B, Rego R, Bain O, Patrick PS, Champion K, Day A, Popova B, Wheeler G, Fullen D, Kalbur T, Forster M, Lowdell M, Janes S. TACTICAL: A phase I/II trial to assess the safety and efficacy of MSCTRAIL in the treatment of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.tps9116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS9116 Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) migrate to and incorporate into tumour stroma allowing them to act as vehicles for delivering anti-cancer therapies. TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively induces apoptosis in malignant cells however short biological half-life has its limited therapeutic efficacy. We have transduced umbilical cord MSCs with a lentiviral vector to express TRAIL (MSCTRAIL). These cells trigger apoptosis selectively in cancer cells with evidence of synergistic activity with other systemic anti-cancer therapies. Given their immune-privileged nature we are delivering ex vivo pooled MSCTRAIL from third party donors without tissue matching or immunosuppression. Efficacy has been demonstrated using in vitro co-culture assays and in vivo in orthotopic lung metastasis murine model, showing regression of metastases following treatment with intravenous MSCTRAIL [1]. Methods: TACTICAL is a phase I/II trial assessing safety and efficacy of MSCTRAIL in combination with first line standard of care (SOC); pemetrexed (500mg/m2) and cisplatin (75mg/m2) and/or pembrolizumab (200mg), in treatment naïve patients with stage IIIB/IV metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Patients have no actionable driver mutations and ECOG performance status 0-1. Phase I is a dose de-escalation study, patients receive SOC on day 1 and 4x108 MSCTRAIL cells on day 2 of a 21 day cycle for 3 cycles. A Bayesian adaptive design will recommend dose reductions if excessive toxicities occur. Primary outcomes are to determine recommended phase II dose along with safety and tolerability of MSCTRAIL. 46 patients will then be randomised into a multi-centre phase II double blind, placebo-controlled trial to receive SOC and either MSCTRAIL or placebo (1:1). Primary outcome is tumour response rate by RECIST (v 1.1) criteria at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include, best overall response, duration of response, progression free survival and overall survival. TACTICAL is the first clinical trial of this novel cell and gene therapy and if successful will pave the way for future allogeneic MSC therapy in cancer. 1. Loebinger, M.R., et al., Mesenchymal stem cell delivery of TRAIL can eliminate metastatic cancer. Cancer Res, 2009. 69(10): p. 4134-42. Clinical trial information: NCT03298763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Davies
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Sage
- Raigmore Hospital, NHS Highlands, Inverness, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Kolluri
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Doraid Alrifai
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Graham
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Weil
- Centre for Cell Gene and Tissue Therapy, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rita Rego
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Owen Bain
- Centre for Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics, London, United Kingdom
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Champion
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Day
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bilyana Popova
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Wheeler
- Cancer Research UK & University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Fullen
- UCL Translational Research Office, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tammy Kalbur
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Lowdell
- Centre for Cell, Gene & Tissue Therapeutics, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Patrick PS, Bogart LK, Macdonald TJ, Southern P, Powell MJ, Zaw-Thin M, Voelcker NH, Parkin IP, Pankhurst QA, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Bear JC. Surface radio-mineralisation mediates chelate-free radiolabelling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2592-2597. [PMID: 30996974 PMCID: PMC6419938 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the concept of surface radio-mineralisation (SRM) to describe the chelate-free radiolabelling of iron-oxide and ferrite nanoparticles. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SRM with both 111In and 89Zr for bare, polymer-matrix multicore, and surface-functionalised magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles; and for bare Y3Fe5O12 nanoparticles. By analogy with geological mineralisation (the hydrothermal deposition of metals as minerals in ore bodies or lodes) we demonstrate that the heat-induced and aqueous SRM process deposits radiometal-oxides onto the nanoparticle or core surfaces, passing through the matrix or coating if present, without changing the size, structure, or magnetic properties of the nanoparticle or core. We show in a mouse model followed over 7 days that the SRM is sufficient to allow quantitative, non-invasive, prolonged, whole-body localisation of injected nanoparticles with nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Lara K Bogart
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Michael J Powell
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton , Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Quentin A Pankhurst
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry , Kingston University , Penrhyn Road , Kingston upon Thames , KT1 2EE , UK .
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12
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Bofinger R, Zaw‐Thin M, Mitchell NJ, Patrick PS, Stowe C, Gomez‐Ramirez A, Hailes HC, Kalber TL, Tabor AB. Development of lipopolyplexes for gene delivery: A comparison of the effects of differing modes of targeting peptide display on the structure and transfection activities of lipopolyplexes. J Pept Sci 2018; 24:e3131. [PMID: 30325562 PMCID: PMC6282963 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and formulation of non-viral gene delivery vectors is an area of renewed research interest. Amongst the most efficient non-viral gene delivery systems are lipopolyplexes, in which cationic peptides are co-formulated with plasmid DNA and lipids. One advantage of lipopolyplex vectors is that they have the potential to be targeted to specific cell types by attaching peptide targeting ligands on the surface, thus increasing both the transfection efficiency and selectivity for disease targets such as cancer cells. In this paper, we have investigated two different modes of displaying cell-specific peptide targeting ligands at the surface of lipopolyplexes. Lipopolyplexes formulated with bimodal peptides, with both receptor binding and DNA condensing sequences, were compared with lipopolyplexes with the peptide targeting ligand directly conjugated to one of the lipids. Three EGFR targeting peptide sequences were studied, together with a range of lipid formulations and maleimide lipid structures. The biophysical properties of the lipopolyplexes and their transfection efficiencies in a basal-like breast cancer cell line were investigated using plasmid DNA bearing genes for the expression of firefly luciferase and green fluorescent protein. Fluorescence quenching experiments were also used to probe the macromolecular organisation of the peptide and pDNA components of the lipopolyplexes. We demonstrated that both approaches to lipopolyplex targeting give reasonable transfection efficiencies, and the transfection efficiency of each lipopolyplex formulation is highly dependent on the sequence of the targeting peptide. To achieve maximum therapeutic efficiency, different peptide targeting sequences and lipopolyplex architectures should be investigated for each target cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Bofinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - May Zaw‐Thin
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Nicholas J. Mitchell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Cassandra Stowe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Ana Gomez‐Ramirez
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of MedicineUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6DDUK
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20, Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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13
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Jackson R, Patrick PS, Page K, Powell MJ, Lythgoe MF, Miodownik MA, Parkin IP, Carmalt CJ, Kalber TL, Bear JC. Chemically Treated 3D Printed Polymer Scaffolds for Biomineral Formation. ACS Omega 2018; 3:4342-4351. [PMID: 29732454 PMCID: PMC5928486 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of nylon-12 scaffolds by 3D printing and demonstrate their versatility as matrices for cell growth, differentiation, and biomineral formation. We demonstrate that the porous nature of the printed parts makes them ideal for the direct incorporation of preformed nanomaterials or material precursors, leading to nanocomposites with very different properties and environments for cell growth. Additives such as those derived from sources such as tetraethyl orthosilicate applied at a low temperature promote successful cell growth, due partly to the high surface area of the porous matrix. The incorporation of presynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles led to a material that showed rapid heating in response to an applied ac magnetic field, an excellent property for use in gene expression and, with further improvement, chemical-free sterilization. These methods also avoid changing polymer feedstocks and contaminating or even damaging commonly used selective laser sintering printers. The chemically treated 3D printed matrices presented herein have great potential for use in addressing current issues surrounding bone grafting, implants, and skeletal repair, and a wide variety of possible incorporated material combinations could impact many other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard
J. Jackson
- UCL
Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory, The
Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, U.K.
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and
Institute of Child Health, University College
London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K.
| | - Kristopher Page
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Powell
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and
Institute of Child Health, University College
London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K.
| | - Mark A. Miodownik
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University College
London, London WC1E 7JE, U.K.
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Materials
Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre
for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and
Institute of Child Health, University College
London, London WC1E 6DD, U.K.
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- School
of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, U.K.
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14
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Scarfe L, Brillant N, Kumar JD, Ali N, Alrumayh A, Amali M, Barbellion S, Jones V, Niemeijer M, Potdevin S, Roussignol G, Vaganov A, Barbaric I, Barrow M, Burton NC, Connell J, Dazzi F, Edsbagge J, French NS, Holder J, Hutchinson C, Jones DR, Kalber T, Lovatt C, Lythgoe MF, Patel S, Patrick PS, Piner J, Reinhardt J, Ricci E, Sidaway J, Stacey GN, Starkey Lewis PJ, Sullivan G, Taylor A, Wilm B, Poptani H, Murray P, Goldring CEP, Park BK. Preclinical imaging methods for assessing the safety and efficacy of regenerative medicine therapies. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:28. [PMID: 29302362 PMCID: PMC5677988 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine therapies hold enormous potential for a variety of currently incurable conditions with high unmet clinical need. Most progress in this field to date has been achieved with cell-based regenerative medicine therapies, with over a thousand clinical trials performed up to 2015. However, lack of adequate safety and efficacy data is currently limiting wider uptake of these therapies. To facilitate clinical translation, non-invasive in vivo imaging technologies that enable careful evaluation and characterisation of the administered cells and their effects on host tissues are critically required to evaluate their safety and efficacy in relevant preclinical models. This article reviews the most common imaging technologies available and how they can be applied to regenerative medicine research. We cover details of how each technology works, which cell labels are most appropriate for different applications, and the value of multi-modal imaging approaches to gain a comprehensive understanding of the responses to cell therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathalie Brillant
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - J Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Noura Ali
- College of Health Science, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alrumayh
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Amali
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephane Barbellion
- Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vendula Jones
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Potdevin
- SANOFI Research and Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Gautier Roussignol
- SANOFI Research and Development, Disposition, Safety and Animal Research, Alfortville, France
| | - Anatoly Vaganov
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - John Connell
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Neil S French
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Julie Holder
- Roslin Cells, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David R Jones
- Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Tammy Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cerys Lovatt
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for Research and Development, Ware, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Patel
- ReNeuron Ltd, Pencoed Business Park, Pencoed, Bridgend, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Piner
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Emanuelle Ricci
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Glyn N Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, London, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gareth Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris E P Goldring
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Medical Research Council Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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15
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Bear JC, Patrick PS, Casson A, Southern P, Lin FY, Powell MJ, Pankhurst QA, Kalber T, Lythgoe M, Parkin IP, Mayes AG. Magnetic hyperthermia controlled drug release in the GI tract: solving the problem of detection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34271. [PMID: 27671546 PMCID: PMC5037467 DOI: 10.1038/srep34271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is highly challenging due to the harsh environments any drug- delivery vehicle must experience before it releases it's drug payload. Effective targeted drug delivery systems often rely on external stimuli to effect release, therefore knowing the exact location of the capsule and when to apply an external stimulus is paramount. We present a drug delivery system for the GI tract based on coating standard gelatin drug capsules with a model eicosane- superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle composite coating, which is activated using magnetic hyperthermia as an on-demand release mechanism to heat and melt the coating. We also show that the capsules can be readily detected via rapid X-ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), vital for progressing such a system towards clinical applications. This also offers the opportunity to image the dispersion of the drug payload post release. These imaging techniques also influenced capsule content and design and the delivered dosage form. The ability to easily change design demonstrates the versatility of this system, a vital advantage for modern, patient-specific medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Bear
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - P. Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Alfred Casson
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratories, Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratories, Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Michael J. Powell
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Quentin A. Pankhurst
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratories, Royal Institution of Great Britain, 21 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BS, UK
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tammy Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), Department of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Andrew G. Mayes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk. NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Patrick PS, Rodrigues TB, Kettunen MI, Lyons SK, Neves AA, Brindle KM. Development of Timd2 as a reporter gene for MRI. Magn Reson Med 2016; 75:1697-707. [PMID: 25981669 PMCID: PMC4832381 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of an MRI gene reporter based on the ferritin receptor Timd2 (T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing protein 2), using T1- and T2-weighted imaging. METHODS Pellets of cells that had been modified to express the Timd2 transgene, and incubated with either iron-loaded or manganese-loaded ferritin, were imaged using T1- and T2-weighted MRI. Mice were also implanted subcutaneously with Timd2-expressing cells and the resulting xenograft tissue imaged following intravenous injection of ferritin using T2-weighted imaging. RESULTS Timd2-expressing cells, but not control cells, showed a large increase in both R2 and R1 in vitro following incubation with iron-loaded and manganese-loaded ferritin, respectively. Expression of Timd2 had no effect on cell viability or proliferation; however, manganese-loaded ferritin, but not iron-loaded ferritin, was toxic to Timd2-expressing cells. Timd2-expressing xenografts in vivo showed much smaller changes in R2 following injection of iron-loaded ferritin than the same cells incubated in vitro with iron-loaded ferritin. CONCLUSION Timd2 has demonstrated potential as an MRI reporter gene, producing large increases in R2 and R1 with ferritin and manganese-loaded ferritin respectively in vitro, although more modest changes in R2 in vivo. Manganese-loaded apoferritin was not used in vivo due to the toxicity observed in vitro. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stephen Patrick
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - André A. Neves
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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17
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Connell JJ, Patrick PS, Yu Y, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL. Advanced cell therapies: targeting, tracking and actuation of cells with magnetic particles. Regen Med 2015; 10:757-72. [PMID: 26390317 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine would greatly benefit from a new platform technology that enabled measurable, controllable and targeting of stem cells to a site of disease or injury in the body. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles offer attractive possibilities in biomedicine and can be incorporated into cells, affording a safe and reliable means of tagging. This review describes three current and emerging methods to enhance regenerative medicine using magnetic particles to guide therapeutic cells to a target organ; track the cells using MRI and assess their spatial localization with high precision and influence the behavior of the cell using magnetic actuation. This approach is complementary to the systemic injection of cell therapies, thus expanding the horizon of stem cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Connell
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yichao Yu
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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18
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Patrick PS, Kettunen MI, Tee SS, Rodrigues TB, Serrao E, Timm KN, McGuire S, Brindle KM. Detection of transgene expression using hyperpolarized 13C urea and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2015; 73:1401-6. [PMID: 24733406 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the potential of a gene reporter system, based on a urea transporter (UTB) and hyperpolarized [(13) C]urea. METHODS Mice were implanted subcutaneously with either unmodified control cells or otherwise identical cells expressing UTB. After injection of hyperpolarized [(13) C]urea, a spin echo sequence was used to measure urea concentration, T1 , and diffusion in control and UTB-expressing tissue. RESULTS The apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized urea was 21% lower in tissue expressing UTB, in comparison with control tissue (P < 0.05, 1-tailed t-test, n = 6 in each group). No difference in water apparent diffusion coefficient or cellularity between these tissues was found, indicating that they were otherwise similar in composition. CONCLUSION Expression of UTB, by mediating cell uptake of urea, lowers the apparent diffusion coefficient of hyperpolarized (13) C urea in tissue and thus the transporter has the potential to be used as a magnetic resonance-based gene reporter in vivo. Magn Reson Med 73:1401-1406, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE Bioluminescence imaging is a powerful tool for studying gene expression and cell migration in intact living organisms. However, production of bioluminescence by cells transfected to express luciferase can be limited by the rate of plasma membrane transport of its substrate D-luciferin. We sought to identify a plasma membrane transporter for D-luciferin that could be expressed alongside luciferase to increase transmembrane flux of its substrate and thereby increase light output. PROCEDURES Luciferase-expressing cells were transfected with a lentivirus encoding the rat reno-hepatic organic anion transporter protein, Oatp1, which was identified as a potential transporter for D-luciferin. Light output was compared between cells expressing luciferase and those also expressing Oatp1. RESULTS In two cell lines and in mouse xenografts, co-expression of Oatp1 with luciferase increased light output by several fold, following addition of luciferin. CONCLUSIONS The increase in light output thus obtained will allow more sensitive detection of luciferase-expressing cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stephen Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QW
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK CB2 0RE
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK CB2 0RE
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK CB2 0RE
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QW
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK CB2 0RE
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Patrick PS, Hammersley J, Loizou L, Kettunen MI, Rodrigues TB, Hu DE, Tee SS, Hesketh R, Lyons SK, Soloviev D, Lewis DY, Aime S, Fulton SM, Brindle KM. Dual-modality gene reporter for in vivo imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:415-20. [PMID: 24347640 PMCID: PMC3890795 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1319000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to track cells and their patterns of gene expression in living organisms can increase our understanding of tissue development and disease. Gene reporters for bioluminescence, fluorescence, radionuclide, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been described but these suffer variously from limited depth penetration, spatial resolution, and sensitivity. We describe here a gene reporter, based on the organic anion transporting protein Oatp1a1, which mediates uptake of a clinically approved, Gd(3+)-based, hepatotrophic contrast agent (gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid). Cells expressing the reporter showed readily reversible, intense, and positive contrast (up to 7.8-fold signal enhancement) in T1-weighted magnetic resonance images acquired in vivo. The maximum signal enhancement obtained so far is more than double that produced by MRI gene reporters described previously. Exchanging the Gd(3+) ion for the radionuclide, (111)In, also allowed detection by single-photon emission computed tomography, thus combining the spatial resolution of MRI with the sensitivity of radionuclide imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Stephen Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jayne Hammersley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Louiza Loizou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko I. Kettunen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tiago B. Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - De-En Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sui-Seng Tee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Hesketh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Scott K. Lyons
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - David Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
| | - Silvio Aime
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra M. Fulton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; and
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Abstract
Imaging mouse models of cancer with reporter transgenes has become a relatively common experimental approach in the laboratory, which allows noninvasive and longitudinal investigation of diverse aspects of tumor biology in vivo. Our goal here is to outline briefly the principles of the relevant imaging modalities, emphasizing particularly their strengths and weaknesses and what the researcher can expect in a practical sense from each of these techniques. Furthermore, we discuss how relatively subtle modifications in the way reporter transgene expression is regulated in the cell underpin the ability of reporter transgenes as a whole to provide readouts on such varied aspects of tumor biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Lyons
- Department of Molecular Imaging, CRUK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
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