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Gola C, Maniscalco L, Iussich S, Morello E, Olimpo M, Martignani E, Accornero P, Giacobino D, Mazzone E, Modesto P, Varello K, Aresu L, De Maria R. Hypoxia-associated markers in the prognosis of oral canine melanoma. Vet Pathol 2024:3009858241244853. [PMID: 38613423 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241244853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most common neoplasm in the oral cavity characterized by local invasiveness and high metastatic potential. Hypoxia represents a crucial feature of the solid tumor microenvironment promoting cancer progression and drug resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its downstream effectors, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), are the main regulators of the adaptive response to low oxygen availability. The prognostic value of these markers was evaluated in 36 COMMs using immunohistochemistry. In addition, the effects of cobalt chloride-mediated hypoxia were evaluated in 1 primary COMM cell line. HIF-1α expression was observed in the nucleus, and this localization correlated with the presence or enhanced expression of HIF-1α-regulated genes at the protein level. Multivariate analysis revealed that in dogs given chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CSPG4) DNA vaccine, COMMs expressing HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and CXCR4 were associated with shorter disease-free intervals (DFI) compared with tumors that were negative for these markers (P = .03), suggesting hypoxia can influence immunotherapy response. Western blotting showed that, under chemically induced hypoxia, COMM cells accumulate HIF-1α and smaller amounts of CAIX. HIF-1α induction and stabilization triggered by hypoxia was corroborated by immunofluorescence, showing its nuclear translocation. These findings reinforce the role of an hypoxic microenvironment in tumor progression and patient outcome in COMM, as previously established in several human and canine cancers. In addition, hypoxic markers may represent promising prognostic markers, highlighting opportunities for their use in therapeutic strategies for COMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gola
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Tomanelli M, Florio T, Vargas GC, Pagano A, Modesto P. Domestic Animal Models of Central Nervous System Tumors: Focus on Meningiomas. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2284. [PMID: 38137885 PMCID: PMC10744527 DOI: 10.3390/life13122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial primary tumors (IPTs) are aggressive forms of malignancies that cause high mortality in both humans and domestic animals. Meningiomas are frequent adult IPTs in humans, dogs, and cats, and both benign and malignant forms cause a decrease in life quality and survival. Surgery is the primary therapeutic approach to treat meningiomas, but, in many cases, it is not resolutive. The chemotherapy and targeted therapy used to treat meningiomas also display low efficacy and many side effects. Therefore, it is essential to find novel pharmacological approaches to increase the spectrum of therapeutic options for meningiomas. This review analyzes the similarities between human and domestic animal (dogs and cats) meningiomas by evaluating the molecular and histological characteristics, diagnosis criteria, and treatment options and highlighting possible research areas to identify novel targets and pharmacological approaches, which are useful for the diagnosis and therapy of this neoplasia to be used in human and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tomanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tullio Florio
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy;
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriela Coronel Vargas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (G.C.V.); (A.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
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3
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Perga S, Biolatti C, Martini I, Rossi F, Benso A, Acutis PL, Bagnato A, Cognata D, Caroggio P, Peletto S, Modesto P. Application of Microsatellites to Trace the Dairy Products Back to the Farm of Origin. Foods 2023; 12:4131. [PMID: 38002189 PMCID: PMC10670529 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing number of food frauds, mainly targeting high quality products, is a rising concern among producers and authorities appointed to food controls. Therefore, the development or implementation of methods to reveal frauds is desired. The genetic traceability of traditional or high-quality dairy products (i.e., products of protected designation of origin, PDO) represents a challenging issue due to the technical problems that arise. The aim of the study was to set up a genetic tool for the origin traceability of dairy products. We investigated the use of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) to assign milk and cheese to the corresponding producer. Two farms were included in the study, and the blood of the cows, bulk milk, and derived cheese were sampled monthly for one year. Twenty STRs were selected and Polymerase Chain Reactions for each locus were carried out. The results showed that bulk milk and derived cheese express an STR profile composed of a subset of STRs of the lactating animals. A bioinformatics tool was used for the exclusion analysis. The study allowed the identification of a panel of 20 markers useful for the traceability of milk and cheeses, and its effectiveness in the traceability of dairy products obtained from small producers was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perga
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (P.L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (P.L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Isabella Martini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (P.L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Computer and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Alfredo Benso
- Computer and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy (A.B.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (P.L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Alessandro Bagnato
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | | | - Piero Caroggio
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale 1 Imperiese, 18100 Imperia, Italy;
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (P.L.A.); (S.P.)
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (I.M.); (P.L.A.); (S.P.)
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4
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Razzuoli E, Chirullo B, De Ciucis CG, Mecocci S, Martini I, Zoccola R, Campanella C, Varello K, Petrucci P, Di Meo A, Bozzetta E, Tarantino M, Goria M, Modesto P. Animal models of Soft Tissue Sarcoma for alternative anticancer therapy studies: characterization of the A-72 Canine Cell Line. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1615-1627. [PMID: 37038001 PMCID: PMC10484808 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Canine Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) cell line A-72 has been largely employed for antiviral and antiproliferative studies. However, there are few information on their characteristics. Our aim was to evaluate A-72 expression level of genes and proteins involved in the innate immune response and cell cycle, their ability to respond to infective stressors and their possible use as a cellular model for anti-cancer studies in human and animal medicine. For this purpose, we evaluated the basal expression of immune-related, cell cycle and DNA repair genes on this cell line and tumoral tissues. A-72 ability to respond to a wild-type strain of Salmonella typhimurium was assessed. S. typhimurium showed ability to penetrate A-72 causing pro-inflammatory response accompanied by a decrease of cell viability. IL10 and IL18 genes were not expressed in A-72 while CXCL8, NOS2, CXCR4 and PTEN were highly expressed in all samples and TP53 was slightly expressed, as shown in human STS. Our results outline the ability of A-72 to respond to a bacterial agent by modifying the expression of important genes involved in innate immune response and provide a useful model for in vitro evaluation of new therapeutic approaches that could be translated into the human oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Grazia De Ciucis
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Martini
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Zoccola
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Campanella
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Petrucci
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Meo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michela Tarantino
- Unit of Emerging Zoonoses Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39/24, 16129 Genoa, Italy
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Gola C, Licenziato L, Accornero P, Iussich S, Morello E, Buracco P, Modesto P, Aresu L, De Maria R. The mitotic regulator polo-like kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target for c-Myc-overexpressing canine osteosarcomas. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:890-900. [PMID: 36054794 PMCID: PMC9804590 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in dogs, characterized by a locally aggressive and highly metastatic behaviour. Despite the current standards of care, most dogs succumb to the disease, indicating the need for novel treatment strategies. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is dysregulated in a variety of human cancer types, including osteosarcoma, and induces c-Myc accumulation. The crosstalk between the two molecules coordinates cell proliferation, differentiation, self-renewal and apoptosis. Therefore, PLK1 has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target, mainly in tumours overexpressing c-Myc. BI 2536 is a selective PLK1 inhibitor promoting mitotic arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells. This research aimed at evaluating PLK1 and c-Myc protein expression in 53 appendicular canine osteosarcoma (cOSA) samples and the in vitro effects of BI 2536 on a c-Myc and PLK1-overexpressing cOSA cell line (D17). PLK1 and c-Myc expression in cOSA samples showed no correlation with clinicopathological data. However, c-Myc overexpression was associated with a significantly reduced overall survival (p = .003). Western Blot and RT-qPCR assays revealed that D17 expressed high protein and transcript levels of both PLK1 and MYC. When treated with BI 2536 (range 2.5-15 nM) for 24 h, D17 showed a substantial decrease in cell growth, inducing apoptosis and G2 /M cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, under BI 2536 treatment, D17 showed decreased c-Myc protein levels. Consistent with human OSA, these preliminary data outline the prognostic value of c-Myc expression in cOSA and highlight the potential role of PLK1 as an antiproliferative therapeutic target for tumours overexpressing c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gola
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
| | - Paolo Accornero
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
| | - Paola Modesto
- SC Diagnostica SpecialisticaIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'AostaTurinTOItaly
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly
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Di Giacomo D, Di Domenico M, Defourny SVP, Malatesta D, Di Teodoro G, Martino M, Viola A, D’Alterio N, Cammà C, Modesto P, Petrini A. Validation of AmpliSeq NGS Panel for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variant Detection in Canine Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Mammary Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12060851. [PMID: 35743882 PMCID: PMC9225004 DOI: 10.3390/life12060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary carcinomas are the most common neoplasms observed in women and in female dogs. Canine mammary tumors show epidemiological, clinical, genetic, and prognostic characteristics comparable to human breast cancers. The recent introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has greatly improved research and diagnostics for humans, while these new tools still need to be implemented in animal models. In this study we developed and validated an AmpliSeq Panel assay for the identification of BRCA variants in twenty-two different dogs. The amplicon mean coverage was 5499× and uniformity was higher than 98% in all samples. The results of germline single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (INDELs) were fully concordant regardless of the types of samples considered (blood, fresh and FFPE tissues). Moreover, despite the high DNA degradation observed in older FFPE blocks (>5 years), the assay allowed full coverage of all amplicons for downstream analyses. We consider the NGS panel developed in this study as a useful tool for expanding information on BRCA genes in the veterinary field and for human health from a comparative oncology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Giacomo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vanessa Patrizia Defourny
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Michele Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonello Viola
- Veterinary Practitioner, Centro Veterinario Nova Julia, Via Galileo Galilei 177, 64021 Giulianova, Italy;
| | - Nicola D’Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
- National Reference Center for Whole Genome Sequencing of Microbial Pathogens: Database and Bioinformatic Analysis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Antonio Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise “G. Caporale”, Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (M.D.D.); (S.V.P.D.); (D.M.); (G.D.T.); (M.M.); (N.D.); (C.C.); (A.P.)
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Vichi G, Porcellato I, Mechelli L, Fantauzzo G, Razzuoli E, Modesto P, Mecocci S, Brachelente C. Co‐occurrence of papillomas related to
Equus caballus
papillomavirus type 2 and cutaneous habronemiasis. EQUINE VET EDUC 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Vichi
- BiEsseA Veterinary Laboratory MilanoItaly
| | | | - L. Mechelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine PerugiaItaly
| | | | - E. Razzuoli
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC) Genoa Italy
| | - P. Modesto
- National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC) Genoa Italy
| | - S. Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine PerugiaItaly
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8
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Avolio R, Andreoli T, Ercolini C, Mignone W, Beltrame R, Razzuoli E, Modesto P, Zoppi S, Crescio MI, Ostorero F, Gili M, Abete MC, Meloni D, Dellepiane M. Retrospective data analysis of animal poisoning events in Liguria. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100178. [PMID: 34151043 PMCID: PMC8188559 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Confirmed animal poisoning cases were 215/497 (43.2%) from 2009 to 2018. Anticoagulant rodenticides (79.2%) were the main cause of animal poisoning. The most affected areas are located along the coast. Dogs and cats were 40.0% of confirmed animal poisoning.
Intentional poisoning represents a serious risk to domestic and wild animals, and it can be an environmental and human health issue as well . This paper is a retrospective study, which covers a decade, based on animal poisoning cases and poisoned baits that were submitted for diagnostic examinations to the Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piedmont, Liguria and the Aosta Valley (IZS-PLVA) in Liguria region. All data were collected through a passive surveillance system introduced in Italy by a decree of the Ministry of Health in January 2009. 43.2% of the animal poisoning cases were confirmed by toxicological analysis, whereas toxic agents were detected in 31.1% of the baits. The most affected animal species were dogs and cats, followed by synanthropic birds,. Only 4% of the total poisoning events analysed involved wild animals and cases of livestock poisoning were minimal. An increased number of cases in January, March, April and August was noticed, but no seasonal trend was detected. The most affected areas were the ones with the highest level of urbanization and population density. The major cause of the poisonings and the most common substances detected in the examined baits were anticoagulants whereas cholinesterase inhibitors, organochlorine pesticides and carbamates were detected in a minor number of cases. This study raises concerns about deliberate animal poisoning in ligurian region and highlights the necessity to fight this phenomenon as it endangers animals, humans and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Avolio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - T Andreoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - C Ercolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - W Mignone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - R Beltrame
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - E Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - P Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - S Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - M I Crescio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - F Ostorero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - M Gili
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - M C Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - D Meloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
| | - M Dellepiane
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, Turin, 10154, Italy
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9
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Gola C, Giannuzzi D, Rinaldi A, Iussich S, Modesto P, Morello E, Buracco P, Aresu L, De Maria R. Genomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Canine Osteosarcoma Cell Lines: A Valuable Resource in Translational Medicine. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666838. [PMID: 34079834 PMCID: PMC8165228 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) represents the most common primary bone tumor in dogs and is characterized by a highly aggressive behavior. Cell lines represent one of the most suitable and reproducible pre-clinical models, and therefore the knowledge of their molecular landscape is mandatory to investigate oncogenic mechanisms and drug response. The present study aims at determining variants, putative driver genes, and gene expression aberrations by integrating whole-exome and RNA sequencing. For this purpose, eight canine OSA cell lines and one matched pair of primary tumor and normal tissue were analyzed. Overall, cell lines revealed a mean tumor mutational burden of 9.6 mutations/Mb (range 3.9–16.8). Several known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as ALK, MYC, and MET, were prioritized as having a likely role in canine OSA. Mutations in eight genes, previously described as human OSA drivers and including TP53, PTCH1, MED12, and PI3KCA, were retrieved in our cell lines. When variants were cross-referenced with human OSA driver mutations, the E273K mutation of TP53 was identified in the Wall cell line and tumor sample. The transcriptome profiling detected two possible p53 inactivation mechanisms in the Wall cell line on the one hand, and in D17 and D22 on the other. Moreover, MET overexpression, potentially leading to MAPK/ERK pathway activation, was observed in D17 and D22 cell lines. In conclusion, our data provide the molecular characterization of a large number of canine OSA cell lines, allowing future investigations on potential therapeutic targets and associated biomarkers. Notably, the Wall cell line represents a valuable model to empower prospective in vitro studies both in human and in dogs, since the TP53 driver mutation was maintained during cell line establishment and was widely reported as a mutation hotspot in several human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, Universit'a della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology-Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria, and Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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10
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Baldini F, Calderoni M, Vergani L, Modesto P, Florio T, Pagano A. An Overview of Long Non-Coding (lnc)RNAs in Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084234. [PMID: 33921816 PMCID: PMC8072620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous developmental tumor occurring in childhood, which arises from the embryonic sympathoadrenal cells of the neural crest. Although the recent progress that has been done on this tumor, the mechanisms involved in NB are still partially unknown. Despite some genetic aberrations having been identified, the sporadic cases represent the majority. Due to its wide heterogeneity in clinical behavior and etiology, NB represents a challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. Since a definitive therapy is lacking so far, there is an urgent necessity to unveil the molecular mechanisms behind NB onset and progression to develop new therapeutic approaches. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Whether lncRNAs are destined to become a protein or not, they exert multiple biological functions such as regulating gene expression and functions. In recent decades, different research has highlighted the possible role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Moreover, lncRNAs may represent potential markers or targets for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This mini-review aimed to briefly summarize the most recent findings on the involvement of some lncRNAs in NB disease by focusing on their mechanisms of action and possible role in unveiling NB onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Matilde Calderoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences DISTAV, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology-Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Tullio Florio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-5558213
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11
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Aryngaziyev B, Beltramo C, Dondo A, Karymsakov T, Varello K, Goria M, Di Blasio A, Nodari S, Colussi S, Modesto P, Daugaliyeva A, Acutis PL, Daugaliyeva S, Peletto S. Polymorphisms associated to bovine paratuberculosis: investigation of their role in DNA-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation. Vet Ital 2020; 56:109-114. [PMID: 32761582 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.2325.13205.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies led to identify SNPs in putative regulatory regions of the SLC11A1 and CARD15 genes with association to paratuberculosis in cattle. Aim of this study was to investigate the role of these mutations at the regulatory level by DNA-protein interaction analyses and transcriptome comparison between wild-type and mutated animals. Gene regions carrying the SNPs of interest were analysed by bioinformatic tools to predict allele-dependent binding sites for transcription factors (TFBS). Putative TFBS were in vitro explored by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA). EMSA did not show specific gel shifts for any allele indicating that these SNPs may eventually influence gene transcription without altering TFBS. Whole transcriptome expression analysis was performed on intestinal tissues of wild-type and mutated cattle by RNA-Seq. Differential regulation of five genes involved in innate immune system was detected. Specifically, ULBP3 was down-regulated, while S100A8, S100A12, LOC510860, and IFI27 were up-regulated. In previous studies, ULBP3, S100A8, and S100A12 resulted differentially expressed in cattle affected by paratuberculosis, suggesting a possible implication in the pathogen response. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the functional role of these SNPs and to understand the gene network involved in the interactions between non-coding SNPs and other genome regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berik Aryngaziyev
- Scientific Production Center of Microbiology and Virology LLP, Bogenbai Batyr str., 105, Almaty, Kazakhstan.Tel.: +7 870 58732835, e‑mail: saule.daugalieva@mail..
| | - Chiara Beltramo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Talgat Karymsakov
- Scientific Production Center of Microbiology and Virology LLP, Bogenbai Batyr str., 105, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Nodari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Aida Daugaliyeva
- Scientific Production Center of Microbiology and Virology LLP,Bogenbai Batyr str., 105, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | | | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Ligura e Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
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12
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Porcellato I, Modesto P, Cappelli K, Varello K, Peletto S, Brachelente C, Martini I, Mechelli L, Ferrari A, Ghelardi A, Razzuoli E. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) in co-occurring vulvar and gastric lesions of a pony. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:167-171. [PMID: 32590224 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In horses, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most common malignant tumors developing on non-pigmented skin, muco-cutaneous areas, like external genitalia, and, less frequently, in the stomach. Growing evidence suggests Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) as causative agent of genital SCCs. Our case report describes a 20-year-old, female, mixed-breed pony with co-occurring vulvar papilloma and in situ carcinoma and gastric SCC. Both lesions were positive for the same EcPV2, as confirmed by DNA sequencing. E6 mRNA expression was observed both in vulvar lesions and gastric SCC, while L1 mRNA was expressed in the vulvar tumor. To the best of the Authors' knowledge, this is the first report of an association between EcPV2 and equine gastric squamous cell carcinoma, with co-occurring EcPV2-positive genital lesions. Further studies are required to assess the real prevalence and the possible role of this viral type in these equine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Porcellato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via San Costanzo 4, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via San Costanzo 4, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Brachelente
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via San Costanzo 4, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabella Martini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Mechelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Via San Costanzo 4, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ghelardi
- Azienda Usl Toscana Nord-Ovest, UOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Ospedale Apuane, Massa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Piazza Borgo Pila, 16129 Genova, Italy
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13
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Razzuoli E, Vencia W, Modesto P, Franzoni G, Giudici SD, Parisi E, Ferrari A, Amadori M. Yersinia enterocolitica-specific modulation of innate immune responses in jejunal epithelial cells. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108596. [PMID: 32122600 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut is often subject to infection by different pathogens like Y. enterocolitica. To date, biotypes (BTs) 1A have been considered as non-pathogenic, because they do not express plasmid of virulence pYV; however, BTs 1A strains present other chromosomic virulence genes and recent studies suggest an implication of this microorganism in reactive arthritis. Although many studies highlighted the molecular basis of pathogenesis of Ye infection, scanty data are available about several environmental BTs 1A strains, often isolated in cases of foodborne disease but not included in pathogenicity studies. The aim of our work was to verify the ability of different Ye 1A strains to adhere and penetrate IPEC-J2 cells and to modulate intestinal innate immunity. Our results showed that all strains under study were able to adhere and penetrate enterocytes, causing inflammatory responses. Indeed, adhesion and invasion of enterocytes is an essential step in Ye pathogenesis (Fàbrega and Vila, 2012). Moreover, our data suggest the possible involvement of strains Ye2/O:9 in reactive arthritis, due to their ability (i) to penetrate enterocytes as pathogenic Ye1/O:8 strains do, and (ii) to increase IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-18 release. Lastly, our results confirm that IPEC-J2 cells are a very good model to evaluate host-pathogen interaction, and indicate IL-8, TNF-α, TLRs1 and 4 as possible markers of the ability of Ye strains to penetrate enterocytes. Moreover, we showed that Ye strains differently affect the host's innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Laboratory of Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Walter Vencia
- Laboratory of Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- Laboratory of Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Laboratory of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Erica Parisi
- Laboratory of Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Diagnostic, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Piazza Borgo Pila 39-24, 16129 Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Amadori
- Laboratory of Animal Welfare, Clinical Chemistry and Veterinary Immunology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia e Dell'Emilia-Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
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14
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Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Cavallazzi U, Acutis PL, Peletto S. Evaluation of a molecular method for hepatitis E virus (HEV) detection in pancreatin of porcine origin. J Virol Methods 2019; 276:113790. [PMID: 31770544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatin is a combination of enzymes, principally amylase, lipase, and protease, used in the treatment of pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in humans. Pancreatin manufactured from imported porcine pancreas carries the risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) contamination. About 1 % of the starting material for pancreatin manufacture is invariably constituted of the small intestine, which is known to be a major extrahepatic site of HEV replication in pigs. The aim of this study was to evaluate a method to detect and quantify HEV in pancreatin of porcine origin. Because HEV cannot be easily grown by conventional cell culture, an approach based on an established quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) was selected. This entailed the use of a non-HEV internal control to monitor RNA extraction efficacy and the production of HEV synthetic RNA as a reference to account for the efficacy of reverse-transcription. The method was evaluated by experiments in which HEV (from naturally infected pigs) was spiked in both the starting material (i.e., porcine pancreas homogenate for industrial production) and in the pancreatin itself. A laboratory protocol matching the industrial production workflow was set up and RT-qPCR experiments were carried out to evaluate the method's ability to detect HEV in pancreatin made from HEV-contaminated porcine tissues. The results showed that the method may be employed in two different strategies: to test the porcine pancreas homogenate (quantitative performance) or directly on pancreatin (qualitative assay). While the risk of HEV contamination in pancreatin may be low, it cannot be completely ruled out. Testing for HEV based on the precautionary principle ought to be the guiding rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Maniaci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy.
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15
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Colussi S, Desiato R, Beltramo C, Peletto S, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Campia V, Quasso A, Rosati S, Bertolotti L, Ru G, Acutis PL. A single nucleotide variant in the promoter region of the CCR5 gene increases susceptibility to arthritis encephalitis virus in goats. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:230. [PMID: 31277645 PMCID: PMC6612200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a heterogeneous group of viruses that includes caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna virus (MVV). SRLVs affect the production and welfare of sheep and goats worldwide. There is currently no effective treatment. Their high mutation rate precludes vaccine development, making innovative control measures necessary. A variant of the chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) gene is reportedly involved in resistance to human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection in humans and to SRLV in sheep. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic structure and variability of the CCR5 gene in goats and to carry out a cross-sectional study to investigate the role of CCR5 genetic variants in controlling susceptibility/resistance to CAEV. Results The variant g.1059 T located in the promoter region revealed an interesting association with high proviral loads (a 2.8-fold increased risk). A possible explanation could be an alteration of the transcriptional level. Overexpression of the CCR5 receptor on the cell surface may increase virus internalization and proviral load as a consequence. Conclusions Our findings could be advantageously used to reduce the susceptibility of goat herds to CAEV by negatively selecting animals carrying the g.1059 T mutation. Eliminating animals predisposed to high proviral loads could also limit the development of clinical signs and the spread of the virus, since these animals are also highly efficient in shedding the virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1979-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Colussi
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Desiato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (BEAR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta - Via Bologna 220, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Beltramo
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Maniaci
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Campia
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Quasso
- Department of Prevention ASL AT, Veterinary Services - Animal Health Unit, Via Conte Verde 125, 14100, Asti, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis (BEAR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta - Via Bologna 220, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Department of Genetics and Immunobiochemistry, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
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16
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Cerutti F, Caruso C, Modesto P, Orusa R, Masoero L, Acutis PL, Peletto S. The genome of Border disease virus genotype 8 from chamois by next generation sequencing. Vet Ital 2019; 55:103-105. [PMID: 30794320 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1768.9338.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Border disease virus (BDV) is widespread both in domestic small ruminants and wildlife. Here we report the genome of BDV genotype 8 from chamois, strain Italy‑58987, obtained by next generation sequencing and the comparison with other pestiviruses. The sequence of 12,245 bp long was aligned to 22 pestivirus genomes and it showed a nt/aa similarity of 81.3/89.4% with BDV genotypes, and 65.9/67.8% with the other pestiviruses. The genome showed a mean nt/aa similarity of 91.2/95.0% with three Swiss genomes closely related to the BDV‑8 5'‑UTR and Npro sequences. The identification of divergent BDV‑8 isolates in North‑Western Italy and in Switzerland suggests that this genotype may have been circulating in a wider area than previously supposed, and may have a high host adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
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17
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Modesto P, Biolatti C, Favaro L, Colussi S, Peletto S, Piga S, Riina MV, Pessani D, Trincas E, Isaja V, Acutis PL. Molecular Genetics Unveiled Unknown Family Relationships and Hybrids in an Ex-Situ Colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus). J Hered 2018; 109:653-662. [PMID: 30010804 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genealogical relationships among colony members, inbreeding status, and presence of hybrids are crucial data that can assist zoo curators in captive colony management and decision-making on relocation for reproduction. This study employed molecular markers to study a large colony (n = 56) of African Penguin hosted in an Italian biopark. A panel of 15 STRs (single tandem repeats) was selected, and genotype data were analyzed using COLONY software to determine parentage relationships and compare the existing studbook information to a pedigree built from genetic analyses. The existence of extra-pair mating and the presence of hybrids were investigated: discrepancies in kinship relationships emerged following molecular parentage analysis and 10 unknown genetic relationships were revealed. Infidelity of one member of the pair was observed in 6 cases and extra-pair copulation was assessed by genetic analysis in 2 episodes. One member of the colony was found to be a hybrid (S. demersus × S. humboldti); his progeny, derived by extra-pair copulation, was traced. Three other hidden hybrids were discovered and assessed using the identified candidate private alleles. Overall, our results demonstrate that molecular methods to confirm parentage and analyze relatedness among colony members are a valuable tool to complement studbook-based genetic management of African penguin captive populations. Because a variety of behavioral dynamics (e.g., extra-pair mating) can make observations ineffective in some species and because molecular markers outperform studbook in identifying the presence of hybrids, reliance on studbook information alone is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Favaro
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Piga
- Zoom Torino, Strada Piscina, Cumiana, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Riina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Pessani
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Turin, Italy
| | - Egle Trincas
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
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18
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Mazzariol S, Centelleghe C, Cozzi B, Povinelli M, Marcer F, Ferri N, Di Francesco G, Badagliacca P, Profeta F, Olivieri V, Guccione S, Cocumelli C, Terracciano G, Troiano P, Beverelli M, Garibaldi F, Podestà M, Marsili L, Fossi MC, Mattiucci S, Cipriani P, De Nurra D, Zaccaroni A, Rubini S, Berto D, de Quiros YB, Fernandez A, Morell M, Giorda F, Pautasso A, Modesto P, Casalone C, Di Guardo G. Multidisciplinary studies on a sick-leader syndrome-associated mass stranding of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) along the Adriatic coast of Italy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11577. [PMID: 30068967 PMCID: PMC6070578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are rare in the Mediterranean Sea. Nevertheless, in 2014 a pod of 7 specimens stranded alive along the Italian coast of the Central Adriatic Sea: 3 individuals died on the beach after a few hours due to internal damages induced by prolonged recumbency; the remaining 4 whales were refloated after great efforts. All the dead animals were genetically related females; one was pregnant. All the animals were infected by dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) and the pregnant whale was also affected by a severe nephropathy due to a large kidney stone. Other analyses ruled out other possible relevant factors related to weather conditions or human activities. The results of multidisciplinary post-mortem analyses revealed that the 7 sperm whales entered the Adriatic Sea encountering adverse weather conditions and then kept heading northward following the pregnant but sick leader of the pod, thereby reaching the stranding site. DMV infection most likely played a crucial role in impairing the health condition and orientation abilities of the whales. They did not steer back towards deeper waters, but eventually stranded along the Central Adriatic Sea coastline, a real trap for sperm whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Povinelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Marcer
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Francesco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Pietro Badagliacca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Profeta
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | | | | | - Cristiano Cocumelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliana Terracciano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Troiano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Beverelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Physical Science, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Fossi
- Department of Physical Science, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Mattiucci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Cipriani
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele De Nurra
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Silva Rubini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Yara Beraldo de Quiros
- Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universitad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universitad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (Inserm UMR 1051), Montpellier, France
| | - Federica Giorda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Val d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pautasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Val d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Val d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Val d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Guardo
- University of Teramo, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100, Teramo, Italy
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19
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Peletto S, Strillacci M, Capucchio M, Biasibetti E, Modesto P, Acutis P, Bagnato A. Genetic basis of Lipomatous Myopathy in Piedmontese beef cattle. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Adam A, Robison J, Lu J, Jose R, Badran N, Vivas-Buitrago T, Rigamonti D, Sattar A, Omoush O, Hammad M, Dawood M, Maghaslah M, Belcher T, Carson K, Hoffberger J, Jusué Torres I, Foley S, Yasar S, Thai QA, Wemmer J, Klinge P, Al-Mutawa L, Al-Ghamdi H, Carson KA, Asgari M, de Zélicourt D, Kurtcuoglu V, Garnotel S, Salmon S, Balédent O, Lokossou A, Page G, Balardy L, Czosnyka Z, Payoux P, Schmidt EA, Zitoun M, Sevestre MA, Alperin N, Baudracco I, Craven C, Matloob S, Thompson S, Haylock Vize P, Thorne L, Watkins LD, Toma AK, Bechter K, Pong AC, Jugé L, Bilston LE, Cheng S, Bradley W, Hakim F, Ramón JF, Cárdenas MF, Davidson JS, García C, González D, Bermúdez S, Useche N, Mejía JA, Mayorga P, Cruz F, Martinez C, Matiz MC, Vallejo M, Ghotme K, Soto HA, Riveros D, Buitrago A, Mora M, Murcia L, Bermudez S, Cohen D, Dasgupta D, Curtis C, Domínguez L, Remolina AJ, Grijalba MA, Whitehouse KJ, Edwards RJ, Eleftheriou A, Lundin F, Fountas KN, Kapsalaki EZ, Smisson HF, Robinson JS, Fritsch MJ, Arouk W, Garzon M, Kang M, Sandhu K, Baghawatti D, Aquilina K, James G, Thompson D, Gehlen M, Schmid Daners M, Eklund A, Malm J, Gomez D, Guerra M, Jara M, Flores M, Vío K, Moreno I, Rodríguez S, Ortega E, Rodríguez EM, McAllister JP, Guerra MM, Morales DM, Sival D, Jimenez A, Limbrick DD, Ishikawa M, Yamada S, Yamamoto K, Junkkari A, Häyrinen A, Rauramaa T, Sintonen H, Nerg O, Koivisto AM, Roine RP, Viinamäki H, Soininen H, Luikku A, Jääskeläinen JE, Leinonen V, Kehler U, Lilja-Lund O, Kockum K, Larsson EM, Riklund K, Söderström L, Hellström P, Laurell K, Kojoukhova M, Sutela A, Vanninen R, Vanha KI, Timonen M, Rummukainen J, Korhonen V, Helisalmi S, Solje E, Remes AM, Huovinen J, Paananen J, Hiltunen M, Kurki M, Martin B, Loth F, Luciano M, Luikku AJ, Hall A, Herukka SK, Mattila J, Lötjönen J, Alafuzoff I, Jurjević I, Miyajima M, Nakajima M, Murai H, Shin T, Kawaguchi D, Akiba C, Ogino I, Karagiozov K, Arai H, Reis RC, Teixeira MJ, Valêncio CG, da Vigua D, Almeida-Lopes L, Mancini MW, Pinto FCG, Maykot RH, Calia G, Tornai J, Silvestre SSS, Mendes G, Sousa V, Bezerra B, Dutra P, Modesto P, Oliveira MF, Petitto CE, Pulhorn H, Chandran A, McMahon C, Rao AS, Jumaly M, Solomon D, Moghekar A, Relkin N, Hamilton M, Katzen H, Williams M, Bach T, Zuspan S, Holubkov R, Rigamonti A, Clemens G, Sharkey P, Sanyal A, Sankey E, Rigamonti K, Naqvi S, Hung A, Schmidt E, Ory-Magne F, Gantet P, Guenego A, Januel AC, Tall P, Fabre N, Mahieu L, Cognard C, Gray L, Buttner-Ennever JA, Takagi K, Onouchi K, Thompson SD, Thorne LD, Tully HM, Wenger TL, Kukull WA, Doherty D, Dobyns WB, Moran D, Vakili S, Patel MA, Elder B, Goodwin CR, Crawford JA, Pletnikov MV, Xu J, Blitz A, Herzka DA, Guerrero-Cazares H, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Mori S, Saavedra P, Treviño H, Maitani K, Ziai WC, Eslami V, Nekoovaght-Tak S, Dlugash R, Yenokyan G, McBee N, Hanley DF. Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2016. Fluids Barriers CNS 2017; 14:15. [PMID: 28929972 PMCID: PMC5471936 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-017-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Adam
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Biostatistics Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Robison
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Lu
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Jose
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Badran
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Vivas-Buitrago
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Rigamonti
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Sattar
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia.,Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
| | - O Omoush
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia.,Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Hammad
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Dawood
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Maghaslah
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Belcher
- Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia
| | - K Carson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Hoffberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - I Jusué Torres
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Foley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - S Yasar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Q A Thai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Wemmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Klinge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Al-Mutawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - K A Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Asgari
- The Interface Group, Institute of PhysiologyUniversity of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D de Zélicourt
- The Interface Group, Institute of PhysiologyUniversity of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Kurtcuoglu
- The Interface Group, Institute of PhysiologyUniversity of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich and the Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Garnotel
- BioFlowImage Laboratory, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Reims Mathematics Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France.,Image Processing Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,BioFlowImage Laboratory, Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - S Salmon
- Reims Mathematics Laboratory, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - O Balédent
- BioFlowImage Laboratory, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.,Image Processing Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,BioFlowImage Laboratory, Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - A Lokossou
- BioFlowImage Laboratory, Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - G Page
- BioFlowImage Laboratory, Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - L Balardy
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Geriatric, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Geriatry, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Z Czosnyka
- Neurosciences department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Brain Physics Lab, Academic Neurosurgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSER TONIC 1014, Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
| | - E A Schmidt
- UMR 1214-INSERM/UPS-TONIC Toulouse Neuro-Imaging Center, Toulouse, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Zitoun
- BioFlowImage, University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - M A Sevestre
- BioFlowImage, University Hospital of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - N Alperin
- University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - I Baudracco
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - C Craven
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - S Matloob
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - S Thompson
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - P Haylock Vize
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - L Thorne
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - L D Watkins
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - A K Toma
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Karl Bechter
- Department Psychiatry II/Bezirkskliniken, Ulm University, Günzburg, Germany
| | - A C Pong
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - L Jugé
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - L E Bilston
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.,Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - S Cheng
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia.,Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - W Bradley
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego Health System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - F Hakim
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.,Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Santafe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
| | - J F Ramón
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.,Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Santafe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M F Cárdenas
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J S Davidson
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C García
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D González
- Department of Surgery, Section of Neurosurgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Bermúdez
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Section of Neuroradiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - N Useche
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Section of Neuroradiology, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J A Mejía
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - P Mayorga
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - F Cruz
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - C Martinez
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M C Matiz
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Vallejo
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K Ghotme
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - H A Soto
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D Riveros
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Buitrago
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M Mora
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - L Murcia
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Bermudez
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D Cohen
- Grupo de Hidrocefalia con Presión Normal, Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D Dasgupta
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - C Curtis
- Department of Microbiology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L Domínguez
- Neurosurgery Department, Cartagena University, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - A J Remolina
- Neurosurgery Department, Cartagena University, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - M A Grijalba
- Neurosurgery Department, Cartagena University, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
| | - K J Whitehouse
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - R J Edwards
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - A Eleftheriou
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - F Lundin
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - K N Fountas
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - E Z Kapsalaki
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - H F Smisson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georgia Neurosurgical Institute, Macon, GA, USA
| | - J S Robinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Georgia Neurosurgical Institute, Macon, GA, USA
| | - M J Fritsch
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - W Arouk
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Klinikum, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - M Garzon
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Kang
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Sandhu
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - K Aquilina
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - G James
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Thompson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Gehlen
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Schmid Daners
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Eklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Malm
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D Gomez
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital Universitario, Fundación Santafe de Bogota, Bogota, Colombia
| | - M Guerra
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Jara
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - M Flores
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - K Vío
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - I Moreno
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - S Rodríguez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - E Ortega
- Instituto de Neurociencias Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, UACh, Valdivia, Chile
| | - E M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, UACh, Valdivia, Chile.,Instituto de Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - J P McAllister
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M M Guerra
- Instituto de Histologia y Patologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D M Morales
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - D Sival
- Department of Pediatrics Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A Jimenez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - D D Limbrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Ishikawa
- Rakuwa Villa Ilios, Kyoto, Japan.,Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Center, Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Yamada
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Center, Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Junkkari
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Häyrinen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Rauramaa
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Pathology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Sintonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Nerg
- Neurology of NeuroCenter, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A M Koivisto
- Neurology of NeuroCenter, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R P Roine
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Finland and Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital DistrictGroup Administration, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Viinamäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - H Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Luikku
- Neurology of NeuroCenter, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J E Jääskeläinen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Leinonen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - U Kehler
- Neurosurgical Department, Asklepios Klinik Hamburg Altona, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Lilja-Lund
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K Kockum
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E M Larsson
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Söderström
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Hellström
- Hydrocephalus Research Unit, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Laurell
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Unit of Neurology, Östersund, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Kojoukhova
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Sutela
- Department of Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Vanninen
- Department of Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K I Vanha
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Timonen
- Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Rummukainen
- Department of Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Korhonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Helisalmi
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A M Remes
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Huovinen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Paananen
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Hiltunen
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Kurki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute for Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B Martin
- Biological Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - F Loth
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA
| | - M Luciano
- Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A J Luikku
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neurosurgery of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Hall
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S K Herukka
- Neurology of NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.,Combinostics Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Lötjönen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland.,Combinostics Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - I Alafuzoff
- Institute of Clinical Medicine-Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Cytology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Jurjević
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Department of Neurology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Miyajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Nakajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Murai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - D Kawaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - C Akiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Ogino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Karagiozov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Arai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R C Reis
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J Teixeira
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C G Valêncio
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D da Vigua
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Almeida-Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino de Fototerapia nas Ciências da Saúde (NUPEN), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - M W Mancini
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Ensino de Fototerapia nas Ciências da Saúde (NUPEN), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - F C G Pinto
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Maykot
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Calia
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Tornai
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S S S Silvestre
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Mendes
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Sousa
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Bezerra
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Dutra
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Modesto
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Oliveira
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C E Petitto
- Group of Cerebral Hydrodynamics, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H Pulhorn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - A Chandran
- Department of Neuroradiology, The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - C McMahon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - A S Rao
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Jumaly
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Solomon
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Moghekar
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Relkin
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Hamilton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Katzen
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T Bach
- Utah Data Collection Center (DCC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Zuspan
- Utah Data Collection Center (DCC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - R Holubkov
- Utah Data Collection Center (DCC), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - G Clemens
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Sharkey
- School of Business, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Sanyal
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Sankey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Rigamonti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Naqvi
- Primary Care, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Hung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Schmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - F Ory-Magne
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,INSER TONIC 1014, Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
| | - P Gantet
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Guenego
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A C Januel
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - P Tall
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Fabre
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L Mahieu
- Department of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Cognard
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - L Gray
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - K Takagi
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Center, Kashiwa-Tanaka Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - K Onouchi
- Department of Neurology, Kashiwa-Tanaka Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - S D Thompson
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - L D Thorne
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - H M Tully
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - T L Wenger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - D Moran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Vakili
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M A Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C R Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J A Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M V Pletnikov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Xu
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Blitz
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D A Herzka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Guerrero-Cazares
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Quiñones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Mori
- Department of Radiology-Magnetic Resonance Research, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Saavedra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Treviño
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - K Maitani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - W C Ziai
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - V Eslami
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Nekoovaght-Tak
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Dlugash
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G Yenokyan
- Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N McBee
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D F Hanley
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Verna F, Modesto P, Radaelli MC, Francese DR, Monaci E, Desiato R, Grattarola C, Peletto S, Mosca A, Savini G, Chianese R, Demicheli V, Prearo M, Chiavacci L, Pautasso A, Casalone C. Control of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Northwestern Italy: Preparedness from One Season to the Next. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:331-339. [PMID: 28437184 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are spreading worldwide due to globalization and climate change, representing a threat for both humans and animals. Of great concern are the infections caused by viruses belonging to the Flavivirus genus as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) transmitted by Culex sp. or Dengue virus and Zika virus (ZIKV), transmitted by Aedes sp. This work describes the surveillance protocol enforced in Piedmont (Northwestern Italy) to control MBDs spread, focusing on the activities performed on mosquitoes during the 2015 vector season. MATERIALS AND METHODS From July to October, mosquitoes were fortnightly sampled in 50 selected sites according to risk factors with CDC dry ice-baited traps and BG-Sentinel traps baited with BG-Lure and dry ice. Adults were counted, identified to species level, pooled, and screened for flaviviruses using different reverse transcription-PCR protocols and sequencing. Finally, phylogenetic analysis was performed on a dataset including 2014 and 2015 WNV sequences and reference sequences retrieved from GenBank. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 17,000 mosquitoes, grouped in 730 pools, were tested. Five pools of Culex pipiens were positive for WNV Lineage 2 in Novara, Alessandria, Vercelli, and Torino Provinces. One pool of C. pipiens and one pool of Anopheles maculipennis s.l. were positive for USUV in Vercelli and Alessandria Provinces. In Vercelli Province one pool of C. pipiens resulted positive both for WNV and USUV. Control measures were quickly implemented. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the WNV Lin 2 sequences from Piedmont region cluster with those circulating in Northeastern Italy in the previous years. Given the positive trend in WNV activity compared to 2014 and the emergence caused by other flavivirus as ZIKV, the level of attention for the 2016 vector season may be increased and this surveillance protocol could represent an important tool for public health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Verna
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Radaelli
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Monaci
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosanna Desiato
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Grattarola
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Mosca
- 2 Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente (IPLA) , Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise , "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
| | - Rosa Chianese
- 4 Centro Regionale Sangue del Piemonte presso ASL TO4 Ospedale di Ivrea , Ivrea, Italy
| | - Vittorio Demicheli
- 5 Servizio Sovrazonale di Epidemiologia-SEREMI presso ASL , Alessandria, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Chiavacci
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pautasso
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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22
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Bellio A, Bianchi DM, Acutis P, Biolatti C, Luzzi I, Modesto P, Rocchetti A, Decastelli L, Gallina S. Salmonella bongori 48:z35:– The first Italian case of human infection outside Sicily. Microbiol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/mm.2016.5884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<em>Salmonella bongori</em> 48:z35:– is considered endemic to Sicily (Italy) due to its epidemiological peculiarity. To our knowledge, no previous cases of human infection caused by <em>S. bongori</em> 48:z35:– have ever been reported in mainland Italy. Here we describe the isolation of <em>S. bongori</em> 48:z35:– from a 1-year-old symptomatic child in northwest Italy (Piedmont Region). The strain showed no antimicrobial resistance. Reporting of <em>S. bongori</em> 48:z35:– in a previously safe area is important to identify epidemiological changes.
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23
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Peletto S, Capucchio MT, Strillacci MG, Boin C, Biasibetti E, Modesto P, Schiavini F, Acutis PL, Bagnato A. P6008 Genomic basis of Lipomatous Myopathy in Piedmontese beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Caruso C, Peletto S, Rosamilia A, Modesto P, Chiavacci L, Sona B, Balsamelli F, Ghisetti V, Acutis PL, Pezzoni G, Brocchi E, Vitale N, Masoero L. Hepatitis E Virus: A Cross-Sectional Serological and Virological Study in Pigs and Humans at Zoonotic Risk within a High-Density Pig Farming Area. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1443-1453. [PMID: 27380833 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An increase in autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections has been recorded in Italy suspected to be zoonotically transmitted from pigs; this study was carried out to determinate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis HEV exposition, both in swine and humans working in pig farms, located within a high-density pig farming area in Piedmont region, north-western Italy. The presence of viral RNA in human and swine samples was also evaluated, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on HEV-positive samples. Forty-two swine farms were sampled; 142 workers were enrolled in the study and classified into two groups: (i) 69 workers with occupational contact with swine (including veterinarians and farmers) recruited in the 42 sampled farms; (ii) 73 without occupational contact with swine. Forty-one of 42 (97%) swine farms resulted positive to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for HEV antibodies (Abs). Overall seroprevalence in swine was 50% (441/879), with seropositivity rate higher in sows (333/469, 71%). HEV RNA in stool samples was detected in animals from 13 of 42 tested farms (31%), and a higher positivity resulted in weaners (40/246, 16.3%). Phylogenetic analysis classified all HEV isolates within genotype 3 (subtypes 3f, 3e, 3c). All humans were negative for HEV viral genome in blood. Five of 142 sera were positive for IgG anti-HEV with an overall prevalence of 3.52% with no statistically significant differences in prevalence rates between workers at zoonotic risk and the control group (5.7% versus 1.3%). In contrast, a significant difference (OR 10.1) was observed within the subgroup including subjects exposed for short periods (veterinarians) compared with those who worked for long periods (farmers) suggesting a correlation between the time of exposure and the likelihood of HEV infection. Reporting HEV infection is not mandatory in Italy, but a constant epidemiological surveillance should be ensured to clarify the epidemiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - S Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | - P Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L Chiavacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - B Sona
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN1, Cuneo, Italy
| | - F Balsamelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - V Ghisetti
- Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - P L Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - G Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Squadrone S, Abete MC, Brizio P, Monaco G, Colussi S, Biolatti C, Modesto P, Acutis PL, Pessani D, Favaro L. Sex- and age-related variation in metal content of penguin feathers. Ecotoxicology 2016; 25:431-438. [PMID: 26597735 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of xenobiotics, such as metals, in ecosystems is concerning due to their durability and they pose a threat to the health and life of organisms. Moreover, mercury can biomagnify in many marine food chains and, therefore, organisms at higher trophic levels can be adversely impacted. Although feathers have been used extensively as a bio-monitoring tool, only a few studies have addressed the effect of both age and sex on metal accumulation. In this study, the concentrations of trace elements were determined in the feathers of all members of a captive colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) housed in a zoological facility in Italy. Tests were performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to detect aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, selenium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. Mercury was detected by a direct mercury analyzer. Sexing was performed by a molecular approach based on analyzing the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding1 gene, located on the sex chromosomes. Sex- and age-related differences were studied in order to investigate the different patterns of metal bioaccumulation between male and female individuals and between adults and juveniles. Juvenile females had significantly higher arsenic levels than males, while selenium levels increased significantly with age in both sexes. Penguins kept in controlled environments-given that diet and habitat are under strict control-represent a unique opportunity to determine if and how metal bioaccumulation is related to sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Brizio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Monaco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Pessani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Favaro
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Turin, Italy
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Pautasso A, Radaelli MC, Ballardini M, Francese DR, Verna F, Modesto P, Grattarola C, Desiato R, Bertolini S, Vitale N, Ferrari A, Rossini I, Accorsi A, Mosca A, Monaco F, Savini G, Prearo M, Mignone W, Chiavacci L, Casalone C. Detection of West Nile and Usutu Viruses in Italian Free Areas: Entomological Surveillance in Piemonte and Liguria Regions, 2014. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 16:292-4. [PMID: 26862776 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus and Usutu virus have established in different parts of Italy over the past 10 years. Piemonte and Liguria Regions (Northwestern Italy) are known to be nonendemic areas, despite the presence of competent vectors and environmental conditions conducive to maintaining infection. This work evidences for the first time, through an entomological surveillance implemented on the basis of risk factor approach, the presence of West Nile and Usutu viruses in Piemonte and Liguria Regions (Northwestern Italy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pautasso
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Radaelli
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Ballardini
- 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Imperia, Italy
| | | | - Federica Verna
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Grattarola
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosanna Desiato
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bertolini
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Rossini
- 4 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, La Spezia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Accorsi
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mosca
- 5 Istituto per le Piante da Legno e l'Ambiente , Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Monaco
- 6 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise , "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- 6 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise , "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Walter Mignone
- 2 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Imperia, Italy
| | - Laura Chiavacci
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- 1 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Meistro S, Peletto S, Pezzolato M, Varello K, Botta M, Richelmi G, Biglia C, Baioni E, Modesto P, Acutis P, Bozzetta E. Sarcocystis Spp. Prevalence in Bovine Minced Meat: A Histological and Molecular Study. Ital J Food Saf 2015; 4:4626. [PMID: 27800395 PMCID: PMC5076653 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2015.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcosporidiosis is caused by ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked bovine meat and, although considered a minor zoonosis, it can represent a threath for immunocompromised people. Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in bovine minced meat intended for raw consumption collected from butcher shops and retail stores in Turin’s province (Piedmont region, Northwest Italy). Twenty-five samples were examined in parallel by histology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of infestation of Sarcocystis spp. resulted to be 64% [confidence interval (CI) 95% 42-82] and 88% (CI 95% 69-97) respectively by histology and PCR. In detail, the prevalence resulted 80% for S. cruzi (CI 95% 59-93), 68% for S. hominis (CI 95% 46-85) and 4% for S. hirsuta (CI 95% 0.10-20). The high prevalence of S. hominis highlights that sarcosporidiosis may constitute a public health problem in Italy, particularly in regions like Piedmont, that has traditional dishes prepared from raw or undercooked bovine meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Meistro
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Simone Peletto
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Katia Varello
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Mario Botta
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Guia Richelmi
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | | | - Elisa Baioni
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Paola Modesto
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Pierluigi Acutis
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Veterinary Public Health Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley , Turin (TO)
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Caruso C, Modesto P, Prato R, Scaglione FE, De Marco L, Bollo E, Acutis PL, Masoero L, Peletto S. Hepatitis E Virus: First Description in a Pet House Rabbit. A New Transmission Route for Human? Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 62:229-32. [PMID: 25773737 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we identified for the first time hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a pet house rabbit, an adult 7 years old female of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Importantly, the resulting phylogenetic tree showed that the HEV strain identified in the pet house rabbit was closely related to a human HEV sequence; this finding reawakens concerns regarding the zoonotic risk represented by HEV in animals and expands to house rabbit the spectrum of potential source of infection for humans. Potential for domestic transmission of HEV to humans should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
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29
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Modesto P, Grattarola C, Biolatti C, Varello K, Casalone C, Mandola ML, Caruso C, Dondo A, Goria M, Rocca F, Decaro N, Leonardi C, Iulini B, Acutis PL. First report of malignant catarrhal fever in a captive pudu (Pudu puda). Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:212-4. [PMID: 25769443 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A male, six-year-old pudu (Pudu puda) from an Italian zoo was submitted for postmortem examination after sudden death. Necroscopy revealed non-suppurative bronchopneumonia and degeneration of the liver and haemorrhagic lesions of the thymus, pericardium and spleen. Microscopically, multifocal perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates were observed in the kidneys, lungs, spleen, and the portal triads of the liver. Histological examination of the brain showed meningitis, vasculitis and perivascular cuffs of mononuclear inflammatory cells. A region of the DNA polymerase gene of malignant catarrhal fever viruses was amplified by real-time PCR and nested PCR. PCR products from the tissue samples were sequenced and analysed. The sequences showed 99% similarity with a portion of the caprine herpesvirus 2 DNA polymerase gene. This is the first report of malignant catarrhal fever in a captive pudu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Carla Grattarola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Mandola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Rocca
- Parco faunistico "La Torbiera", Via Borgoticino 19, 28010 Agrate Conturbia, NO, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Cristina Leonardi
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASL NO, Viale Roma, 7, 28100 Novara, NO, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
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30
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Colussi S, Prearo M, Bertuzzi SA, Scanzio T, Peletto S, Favaro L, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Ru G, Desiato R, Acutis PL. Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J Fish Dis 2015; 38:27-35. [PMID: 24397583 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of α and β chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide-binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm-water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short-term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II β-1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance (P < 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIβ as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d'Aosta - Via Bologna, Turin, Italy
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31
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Caruso C, Modesto P, Bertolini S, Peletto S, Acutis PL, Dondo A, Robetto S, Mignone W, Orusa R, Ru G, Masoero L. Serological and virological survey of hepatitis E virus in wild boar populations in northwestern Italy: detection of HEV subtypes 3e and 3f. Arch Virol 2014; 160:153-60. [PMID: 25283611 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although rare in developed countries, most acquired human cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection are associated with travel to developing countries where HEV is endemic. Increasingly, however, sporadic, non-travel-related HEV cases have been reported in developed countries. In Italy, only two studies to date have investigated the presence of HEV in wild boars. Here, we report a serological and virological survey of HEV in wild boar populations in northwestern Italy. During the hunting season, 594 serum and 320 liver samples were collected and screened for antibodies to HEV and HEV RNA. Overall, the seroprevalence was 4.9 %, and HEV RNA was detected in 12 liver samples (p = 3.7 %). No serum samples tested positive for HEV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 region revealed that the isolates clustered within genotype 3, subtypes 3e and 3f, and were closely related to HEV strains previously detected in domestic pigs farmed in the same geographic area. Although the routes of viral transmission are still poorly understood, our data show that HEV genotypes 3e and 3f circulate in wild boars in northwestern Italy. Also, they provide evidence that autochthonous HEV infections in Italy could also be linked to wild boar populations, suggesting an increased risk for domestically acquired HEV infection in humans through wild animals. The HEV sequences determined in this study may be useful for comparing present and future human isolates to identify transmission events between wild boar, humans, and farmed pigs. Similarly to other more commonly known zoonotic agents, HEV should be included in national or regional disease surveillance programs for wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d' Aosta, Via Bologna n° 148, 10154, Turin, Italy,
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32
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Ciani E, Crepaldi P, Nicoloso L, Lasagna E, Sarti FM, Moioli B, Napolitano F, Carta A, Usai G, D'Andrea M, Marletta D, Ciampolini R, Riggio V, Occidente M, Matassino D, Kompan D, Modesto P, Macciotta N, Ajmone-Marsan P, Pilla F. Genome-wide analysis of Italian sheep diversity reveals a strong geographic pattern and cryptic relationships between breeds. Anim Genet 2013; 45:256-66. [PMID: 24303943 DOI: 10.1111/age.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Italy counts several sheep breeds, arisen over centuries as a consequence of ancient and recent genetic and demographic events. To finely reconstruct genetic structure and relationships between Italian sheep, 496 subjects from 19 breeds were typed at 50K single nucleotide polymorphism loci. A subset of foreign breeds from the Sheep HapMap dataset was also included in the analyses. Genetic distances (as visualized either in a network or in a multidimensional scaling analysis of identical by state distances) closely reflected geographic proximity between breeds, with a clear north-south gradient, likely because of high levels of past gene flow and admixture all along the peninsula. Sardinian breeds diverged more from other breeds, a probable consequence of the combined effect of ancient sporadic introgression of feral mouflon and long-lasting genetic isolation from continental sheep populations. The study allowed the detection of previously undocumented episodes of recent introgression (Delle Langhe into the endangered Altamurana breed) as well as signatures of known, or claimed, historical introgression (Merino into Sopravissana and Gentile di Puglia; Bergamasca into Fabrianese, Appenninica and, to a lesser extent, Leccese). Arguments that would question, from a genomic point of view, the current breed classification of Bergamasca and Biellese into two separate breeds are presented. Finally, a role for traditional transhumance practices in shaping the genetic makeup of Alpine sheep breeds is proposed. The study represents the first exhaustive analysis of Italian sheep diversity in an European context, and it bridges the gap in the previous HapMap panel between Western Mediterranean and Swiss breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ciani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, 70126, Italy
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33
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Modesto P, Peletto S, Pisoni G, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Colussi S, Caramelli M, Bronzo V, Moroni P, Acutis PL. Evaluation of internal reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in somatic cells from goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7932-44. [PMID: 24119819 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcription (RT) quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is the most accurate and easy-to-perform technique to measure the expression level of a selected gene of interest by quantifying mRNA transcripts. The use of reference genes is commonly accepted as the most reliable approach to normalize RT-qPCR data and reduce possible errors generated in the quantification of gene expression. The optimal number and choice of reference genes are experimentally validated for specific tissues or cell types and experimental designs. To date, data on qPCR normalization in goats are scarce and the most suitable reference genes in this species have been identified for only a limited number of tissues. The aim of this study was to determine an optimal combination of stably expressed reference genes in caprine milk somatic cells (MSC) from healthy and infected mammary glands. For the purpose, we performed RT-qPCR for 10 commonly used reference genes from various functional classes and then determined their expression level in MSC from goats intramammary challenged with Staphylococcus aureus and in MSC from healthy controls, with a view to select genes whose stability would be unaffected under infection conditions. The geNorm and NormFinder algorithms were used for validating the reference genes. Furthermore, to demonstrate the importance of normalization of gene expression with appropriate reference genes, we tested the effect of using a combination of the least stable genes for expression analysis evaluation. On the basis of our evaluation, we recommend the use of a panel of reference genes that should include G6PD, YWHAZ, and ACTB for caprine MSC gene expression profiling. The expression of the 2 genes of interest, pentraxin-related protein (PTX3) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), was evaluated by RT-qPCR in all samples collected pre- and postinfection, and the recommended reference genes were used to normalize the data. Our study provides a validated panel of optimal reference genes for the identification of genes differentially expressed by qRT-PCR in caprine MSC. Moreover, we provided a set of intron-spanning primer sequences that could be suitable for gene expression experiments using SYBR Green chemistry on other caprine tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie per la Salute, la Produzione Animale e la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Ciccozzi M, Peletto S, Cella E, Giovanetti M, Lai A, Gabanelli E, Acutis PL, Modesto P, Rezza G, Platonov AE, Lo Presti A, Zehender G. Epidemiological history and phylogeography of West Nile virus lineage 2. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 2013; 17:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cremonesi P, Capoferri R, Pisoni G, Del Corvo M, Strozzi F, Rupp R, Caillat H, Modesto P, Moroni P, Williams JL, Castiglioni B, Stella A. Response of the goat mammary gland to infection with Staphylococcus aureus revealed by gene expression profiling in milk somatic and white blood cells. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:540. [PMID: 23046560 PMCID: PMC3532242 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S. aureus is one of the main pathogens responsible for the intra-mammary infection in dairy ruminants. Although much work has been carried out to understand the complex physiological and cellular events that occur in the mammary gland in response to S. aureus, the protective mechanisms are still poorly understood. The objectives of the present study were to investigate gene expression during the early response of the goat mammary gland to an experimental challenge with S. aureus, in order to better understand the local and systemic response and to compare them in two divergent lines of goat selected for high and low milk somatic cell scores. Results No differences in gene expression were found between high and low SCS (Somatic Cells Score) selection lines. Analysing the two groups together, an expression of 300 genes were found to change from T0 before infection, and T4 at 24 hours and T5 at 30 hours following challenge. In blood derived white blood cells 8 genes showed increased expression between T0 and T5 and 1 gene has reduced expression. The genes showing the greatest increase in expression following challenge (5.65 to 3.16 fold change) play an important role in (i) immune and inflammatory response (NFKB1, TNFAIP6, BASP1, IRF1, PLEK, BATF3); (ii) the regulation of innate resistance to pathogens (PTX3); and (iii) the regulation of cell metabolism (CYTH4, SLC2A6, ARG2). The genes with reduced expression (−1.5 to −2.5 fold) included genes involved in (i) lipid metabolism (ABCG2, FASN), (ii) chemokine, cytokine and intracellular signalling (SPPI), and (iii) cell cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (KRT19). Conclusions Analysis of genes with differential expression following infection showed an inverse relationship between immune response and lipid metabolism in the early response of the mammary gland to the S. aureus challenge. PTX3 showed a large change in expression in both milk and blood, and is therefore a candidate for further studies on immune response associated with mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cremonesi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
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Peletto S, Lo Presti A, Modesto P, Cella E, Acutis PL, Farchi F, Ciotti M, Zehender G, Ciccozzi M. Genetic diversity of Usutu virus. New Microbiol 2012; 35:167-174. [PMID: 22707129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Usutu virus is a mosquito-borne virus first isolated from Culex naevei in South Africa in 1959. The first emergence of Usutu virus outside Africa was recorded in Austria. Here, a phylogenetic analysis targeting the E5 and NS5 genes was carried out on the viral strains circulating in Europe. The NS5 gene tree showed two main clades, one of which included the Italian sequences. In the E gene tree all sequences grouped into the same main clade, with sequences from Austria divided into two separate clusters. Only sites under negative selective pressure were found in E and NS5 proteins. The results suggest that Usutu virus circulating in Europe has a degree of genetic diversity higher than expected and that infection may arise from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'osta, Turin, Italy
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Peletto S, Bertuzzi S, Campanella C, Modesto P, Maniaci MG, Bellino C, Ariello D, Quasso A, Caramelli M, Acutis PL. Evaluation of internal reference genes for quantitative expression analysis by real-time PCR in ovine whole blood. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7732-47. [PMID: 22174628 PMCID: PMC3233434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of reference genes is commonly accepted as the most reliable approach to normalize qRT-PCR and to reduce possible errors in the quantification of gene expression. The most suitable reference genes in sheep have been identified for a restricted range of tissues, but no specific data on whole blood are available. The aim of this study was to identify a set of reference genes for normalizing qRT-PCR from ovine whole blood. We designed 11 PCR assays for commonly employed reference genes belonging to various functional classes and then determined their expression stability in whole blood samples from control and disease-stressed sheep. SDHA and YWHAZ were considered the most suitable internal controls as they were stably expressed regardless of disease status according to both geNorm and NormFinder software; furthermore, geNorm indicated SDHA/HPRT, YWHAZ/GAPDH and SDHA/YWHAZ as the best reference gene combinations in control, disease-stressed and combined sheep groups, respectively. Our study provides a validated panel of optimal control genes which may be useful for the identification of genes differentially expressed by qRT-PCR in a readily accessible tissue, with potential for discovering new physiological and disease markers and as a tool to improve production traits (e.g., by identifying expression Quantitative Trait Loci). An additional outcome of the study is a set of intron-spanning primer sequences suitable for gene expression experiments employing SYBR Green chemistry on other ovine tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Peletto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-011-2686245; Fax: +39-011-2686322
| | - Simone Bertuzzi
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Chiara Campanella
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Paola Modesto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Maria Grazia Maniaci
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Dario Ariello
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3, Sanità Animale, 10098 Rivoli, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Antonio Quasso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale AT, Sanità Animale, 14100 Asti, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Maria Caramelli
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; E-Mails: (S.B.); (C.C.); (P.M.); (M.G.M.); (M.C.); (P.L.A.)
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Domenis L, Peletto S, Sacchi L, Clementi E, Genchi M, Felisari L, Felisari C, Mo P, Modesto P, Zuccon F, Campanella C, Maurella C, Guidetti C, Acutis PL. Detection of a morphogenetically novel Sarcocystis hominis-like in the context of a prevalence study in semi-intensively bred cattle in Italy. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1677-87. [PMID: 21556683 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sarcosporidiosis in semi-intensively bred cattle in northwestern Italy. A diagnostic protocol was setup in which infected animals were identified by rapid histological examination of the esophagus, diaphragm, and heart and the detected Sarcocystis spp. were subsequently typed using conventional electron microscopy in combination with molecular techniques. Sarcosporidia cysts were detected in 78.1% of the animals and were seen most often in the esophagus. The cattle is intermediate host for Sarcocystis hominis (final host, humans and some primates), Sarcocystis cruzi (final host, domestic and wild canids), and Sarcocystis hirsuta (final host, wild and domestic cats).All these three species of Sarcocystis were identified, variously associated, with the following prevalence: S. cruzi (74.2%), S. hirsuta (1.8%), and S. hominis (42.7%). Furthermore, a new S. hominis-like (prevalence 18.5%), characterized by hook-like structures of villar protrusion and a different sequence of the 18S rRNA gene, was identified. The cattle sheds testing positive for zoonotic Sarcocystis were assessed for risk factors contributing to the maintenance of the parasite's life cycle. Significant associations emerged between consumption of raw meat by the farm owner, mountain pasturing, and absence of a sewerage system on the farm and cattle breed. Our study demonstrates that sarcosporidiosis may constitute a public health problem in Italy and indicates several issues to be addressed when planning surveillance and prevention actions. The applied diagnostic approach revealed that cattle can harbor a further type of Sarcocystis, of which life cycle and zoonotic potential should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Domenis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy.
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Petterino C, Modesto P, Strata D, Vascellari M, Mutinelli F, Ferrari A, Ratto A. A Case of Interscapular Fibrosarcoma in a Dwarf Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus). J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:900-5. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A 1-year-old, intact, male dwarf rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus) was vaccinated against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease in February 1999, and a localized reaction appeared in the same anatomic site within a few days. No regression was observed after subcutaneous antibiotic treatment. The rabbit was kept under observation, and the swelling apparently disappeared in 3 months. The owner then decided to avoid any further subcutaneous drug administration. The referring veterinarian examined the animal on July 2006 for the sudden appearance of a nodular, 4.5 cm × 3.5 cm × 2.0 cm, subcutaneous mass located over the interscapular space. Fine-needle aspiration was performed, and a population of neoplastic spindle cells, rare pleomorphic multinucleated cells, and rare leukocytes were observed. The mass was surgically removed, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and routinely processed for histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical diagnostic investigation. The neoplastic tissue exhibited fascicles composed of malignant spindle-shaped cells with elongated to oval hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Occasional multinucleated cells were also observed. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin but did not stain for smooth muscle actin, desmin, myoglobin, and cytokeratins (AE1/AE3). Moreover, the histochemical stain for aluminum was positive. The diagnosis was fibrosarcoma based on morphologic and immunohistochemical results. The histologic features of this neoplasm were remarkably similar to feline injection-site sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Petterino
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padua, AGRIPOLIS, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Modesto
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Marta Vascellari
- The Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- The Histopathology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Ferrari
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ratto
- The National Reference Centre of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, CEROVEC-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
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Cardellino U, Ciribilli Y, Andreotti V, Modesto P, Menichini P, Fronza G, Pellegrino C, Inga A. Transcriptional properties of feline p53 and its tumour-associated mutants: a yeast-based approach. Mutagenesis 2007; 22:417-23. [PMID: 17947339 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gem038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations at the tumour suppressor gene TP53 are associated with nearly half of human cancers, but they appear to be rare ( approximately 10%) in feline neoplasms. The reasons for this difference are presently unclear but might be related to evolutionary divergence of p53 functions. To begin exploring this issue, we developed a yeast-based functional assay to measure the transcriptional ability of wild-type (wt) or mutant feline p53 (fe_p53) in comparison with human or murine p53 (hu_p53, mo_p53). fe_p53 cDNA was cloned and expressed in a panel of yeast reporter strains engineered to contain the ADE2 or the luciferase gene under p53 control via different p53 response elements. We established that wt fe_, hu_ and mo_p53 can act as transcription factors in yeast with overlapping DNA sequence specificities. Random mutagenesis and phenotypic evaluation of fe_ and hu_p53 cDNAs was also performed, revealing equal susceptibility to deleterious mutations. Five tumour-associated fe_p53 mutants exhibited a similar impact on the transactivation capacity (partial or complete loss) compared to the corresponding hu_p53 mutants. Given the high conservation of the intrinsic functional properties of fe_p53, further studies will be needed to clarify the role of p53 in feline carcinogenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Cardellino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Genoa, Italy
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