1
|
Carella E, Caruso C, Moreno A, Di Blasio A, Oberto F, Vitale N, Masoero L. Meat Juice and Oral Fluid as Alternatives to Serum for Aujeszky Disease Monitoring in Pigs. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2418. [PMID: 37894076 PMCID: PMC10609404 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aujeszky Disease Virus (ADV) is a double-stranded DNA virus with a lipoprotein envelope. The natural hosts of the infection are Suidae, but the virus can infect many other mammals. The gold-standard method identified by the WOAH for the diagnosis of Aujeszky disease is the ELISA method. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of meat juice and oral fluid matrices using a commercial ELISA kit designed for serum. A total of 80 blood and oral fluid samples were collected from four pig farms selected for this study. Diaphragm muscle samples of about 100 g and blood samples were collected from 213 animals at the abattoir. These biological matrices were collected from the same animals and tested using a competitive ELISA kit to detect antibodies against ADV. The relative accuracy of the meat juice compared to that of the serum was 96.7% (95% CI: 93.3-98.7%), with 206 correct results out of 213. The relative accuracy of the oral fluid compared to that of the serum was 61.3% (95% CI: 49.7-71.9%), with 58 correct results out of 80. Meat juice has a better combination of sensitivity and specificity than oral fluid. The usage of meat juice in routine diagnostic examinations could be achieved after further investigations to optimize the procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Carella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (F.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN1 (ASL-CN1), Via Pier Carlo Boggio 12, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Ana Moreno
- National Reference Centre for Aujeszky Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 7/9, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3 (ASL-TO3), Via Poirino 9, 10064 Pinerolo, Italy;
| | - Francesca Oberto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (F.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (F.O.); (L.M.)
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (F.O.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Giammarioli M, Alessandro D, Cammà C, Masoero L, Torresi C, Marcacci M, Zoppi S, Curini V, Rinaldi A, Rossi E, Casciari C, Pela M, Pellegrini C, Iscaro C, Feliziani F. Molecular Characterization of the First African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Strains Identified from Mainland Italy, 2022. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030372. [PMID: 36986294 PMCID: PMC10055901 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is responsible for important socio-economic effects in the global pig industry, especially for countries with large-scale piggery sectors. In January 2022, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype II was identified in a wild boar population in mainland Italy (Piedmont region). This study describes the molecular characterization, by Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS), of the first index case 632/AL/2022 and of another isolate (2802/AL/2022) reported in the same month, in close proximity to the first, following multiple ASF outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis based on the B646L gene and NGS clustered the isolates 632/AL/2022 and 2802/AL/2022 within the wide and most homogeneous p72 genotype II that includes viruses from European and Asian countries. The consensus sequence obtained from the ASFV 2802/AL/2022 isolate was 190,598 nucleotides in length and had a mean GC content of 38.38%. At the whole-genome level, ASF isolate 2802/AL/2022 showed a close genetic correlation with the other representative ASFV genotype II strains isolated between April 2007 and January 2022 from wild and domestic pigs in Eastern/Central European (EU) and Asian countries. CVR subtyping clustered the two Italian ASFV strains within the major CVR variant circulating since the first virus introduction in Georgia in 2007. Intergenic region I73R-I329L subtyping placed the Italian ASFV isolates within the variant identical to the strains frequently identified among wild boars and domestic pigs. Presently, given the high sequence similarity, it is impossible to trace the precise geographic origin of the virus at a country level. Moreover, the full-length sequences available in the NCBI are not completely representative of all affected territories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giammarioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Dondo Alessandro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Cesare Cammà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Torresi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Curini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Rinaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Campo Boario, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Casciari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michela Pela
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Pellegrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmen Iscaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria e Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Oberto F, Carella E, Caruso C, Acutis PL, Lelli D, Bertolotti L, Masoero L, Peletto S. A Qualitative PCR Assay for the Discrimination of Bubaline Herpesvirus 1, Bovine Herpesvirus 1 and Bovine Herpesvirus 5. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030577. [PMID: 36985151 PMCID: PMC10056083 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) are classified in the genus Varicellovirus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. BoHV-1 is the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, BoHV-5 induces moderate disease in adult cattle while BuHV-1 has instead been associated with a decline in livestock production of water buffaloes. The aim of this study was to develop a qualitative PCR assay that allows the discrimination of BuHV-1, BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. The alignment of homologous genes identified specific nucleotide sequences of BuHV- 1, BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. The design of the primers and the optimization of the PCR assay were focused on the target sequences located on the portions of gD, gE and gG genes. This assay involved the use of three different PCR end-points: the PCR of a portion of the gD gene identified only the presence of BoHV-1; the PCR of a portion of the gE gene confirmed the presence of both BoHV-5 and BuHV-1; the PCR of a portion of the gG gene discriminated between BoHV-5 and BuHV-1, as the amplification product was observed only for BoHV-5. This qualitative PCR assay allowed the differentiation of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections both in cattle and water buffaloes and heterologous BuHV-1 infections in bovine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oberto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN1, Via Pier Carlo Boggio 12, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZSPLV), Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carella E, Oberto F, Romano A, Peletto S, Vitale N, Costa A, Caruso C, Chiavacci L, Acutis PL, Pite L, Masoero L. Molecular and serological investigation of Hepatitis E virus in pigs slaughtered in Northwestern Italy. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:21. [PMID: 36698186 PMCID: PMC9875460 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is recently considered an emerging public health concern. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are widely distributed and pathogenic only for humans. In contrast, HEV, genotypes 3 and 4 are observed in swine, deer, wild boars and rabbits and can also be transmitted to humans. The presence of HEV in the liver, muscle, faeces, blood, and bile was detected by real-time RT-PCR in 156 pigs belonging to twenty different farms, ranging from 1 to 8 months of age. The phylogenetic analysis was performed on the viral strain present in the positive biological matrix, with the lowest Ct. HEV-IgG and HEV-IgM in the sera were analysed by two different ELISA kits. RESULTS Twenty-one pigs, i.e., 13.46% of them (21/156, 95% CI: 8.53%-19.84%), tested positive for HEV in at least one biological matrix by real-time RT-PCR, while phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of HEV subtypes 3f and 3c. Pig serums analysed by ELISA showed an overall prevalence of 26.92% (42/156, 95% CI: 20.14%-34.60%) for HEV-IgG, whereas the 28.95% (33/114, 95% CI: 20.84%-38.19%) of them tested negative resulted positive for the HEV-IgM. CONCLUSIONS The faeces are the biological matrix with the highest probability of detecting HEV. The best concordance value (Kappa Kohen index) and the highest positive correlation (Phi index) were observed for the correlation between bile and liver, even when the number of positive liver samples was lower than the positive bile samples. This finding may suggest that a higher probability of HEV occurs in the bile, when the virus is present in the liver, during the stages of infection. Finally, the presence of HEV in muscle was observed in 11 pigs, usually used for the preparation of some dishes, typical of the Italian tradition, based on raw or undercooked meat. Therefore, their consumption is a possible source of infection for final consumer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Carella
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Oberto
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Romano
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Costa
- grid.476863.80000 0004 1755 6398Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN2, Via Gerolamo Vida 10, 12051 Alba (CN), Italy
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN1, Via Pier Carlo Boggio 12, 12100 Cuneo, Italy
| | - Laura Chiavacci
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Ledi Pite
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle d’ Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Magara G, Varello K, Pastorino P, Francese DR, Arsieni P, Pezzolato M, Masoero L, Messana E, Caldaroni B, Abete MC, Pederiva S, Squadrone S, Elia AC, Prearo M, Bozzetta E. Multi-Level System to Assess Toxicity in Water Distribution Plants. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19148469. [PMID: 35886313 PMCID: PMC9316929 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of water samples from water distribution plants needs to be investigated further. Indeed, studies on the pro-oxidant effects driven by tap water are very limited. In this study, the water quality, pro-oxidant effects, and potential health risks driven by exposure to groundwater samples from two water plants (sites A and B) located in Northwestern Italy were investigated in a multi-level system. Physicochemical parameters and the absence of pathogens, cyanotoxins, and endocrine active substances indicated a good water quality for both sites. The 25 metals analyzed were found under the limit of quantification or compliant with the maximum limits set by national legislation. Water samples were concentrated by the solid-phase extraction system in order to assess the aquatic toxicity on Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell line. Levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were evaluated through the Integrated Biomarkers Response (IBRv2) index. EPC cell line was found a sensible model for assessing the antioxidant responses driven by both water concentrates. A similar antioxidant response was shown by plots and IBRv2 suggesting a muted risk for the two sampling sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Katia Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0112-686-251
| | | | - Paola Arsieni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Marzia Pezzolato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Erika Messana
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Sabina Pederiva
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefania Squadrone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.M.); (B.C.); (A.C.E.)
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy; (K.V.); (P.A.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (E.M.); (M.C.A.); (S.P.); (S.S.); (M.P.); (E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iscaro C, Dondo A, Ruocco L, Masoero L, Giammarioli M, Zoppi S, Guberti V, Feliziani F. January 2022: Index case of new African Swine Fever incursion in mainland Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:1707-1711. [PMID: 35511712 PMCID: PMC9540274 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Iscaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria, Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruocco
- Ministero della Salute, Viale G. Ribotta, 5, Roma, 00144, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria, Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - Monica Giammarioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| | - Simona Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria, Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - Vittorio Guberti
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Via Ca' Fornacetta 9, Ozzano Emilia, 40064, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini 1, Perugia, 06126, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Favole A, Mazza M, D'Angelo A, Lombardi G, Palmitessa C, Dell'Atti L, Cagnotti G, Berrone E, Gallo M, Avanzato T, Messana E, Masoero L, Acutis PL, Meloni D, Cardone F, Caramelli M, Casalone C, Corona C. RT-QuIC detection of pathological prion protein in subclinical goats following experimental oral transmission of L-type BSE. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:442. [PMID: 34876215 PMCID: PMC8650279 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent to small ruminants is still a major issue in the surveillance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). L-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy (L-BSE) is an atypical form of BSE with an unknown zoonotic potential that is transmissible to cattle and small ruminants. Our current knowledge of bovine atypical prion strains in sheep and goat relies only on experimental transmission studies by intracranial inoculation. To assess oral susceptibility of goats to L-BSE, we orally inoculated five goats with cattle L-BSE brain homogenates and investigated pathogenic prion protein (PrPsc) distribution by an ultrasensitive in vitro conversion assay known as Real-Time Quaking Induced Conversion (RT-QuIC). Results Despite a prolonged observation period of 80 months, all these animals and the uninfected controls did not develop clinical signs referable to TSEs and tested negative by standard diagnostics. Otherwise, RT-QuIC analysis showed seeding activity in five out of five examined brain samples. PrPsc accumulation was also detected in spinal cord and lymphoreticular system. These results indicate that caprine species are susceptible to L-BSE by oral transmission and that ultrasensitive prion tests deserve consideration to improve the potential of current surveillance systems against otherwise undetectable forms of animal prion infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Favole
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| | - Maria Mazza
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Guerino Lombardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Palmitessa
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Luana Dell'Atti
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elena Berrone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Gallo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Avanzato
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Erika Messana
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maria Caramelli
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Lab. di Neurobiologia Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Costanzi L, Brambilla A, Di Blasio A, Dondo A, Goria M, Masoero L, Gennero MS, Bassano B. Beware of dogs! Domestic animals as a threat for wildlife conservation in Alpine protected areas. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2021; 67:70. [PMID: 34276270 PMCID: PMC8276201 DOI: 10.1007/s10344-021-01510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases are natural regulating factors of wildlife populations, but some pathogens may become an important threat in wildlife conservation, especially for endangered species. The presence of domestic animals may foster the spread of diseases in natural population, although their role in the dynamic of infections in wildlife is not clear. In this study, we investigated the presence and prevalence of a range of multi-host pathogens in wild species (red fox, Eurasian badger, beech marten, pine marten, stoat for a total of 89 carcasses analysed) and domestic animals (n = 52 shepherd and n = 25 companion dogs) living in a protected area of the Alps (the Gran Paradiso National Park) and discussed the role of domestic dogs as possible source of infection for wild species. Our results showed that domestic dogs are potential shedder of three important pathogens: Canine distemper virus, Toxoplasma sp. and Neospora caninum. In particular, shepherd dogs seem to represent a threat for wildlife as they are exposed to multiple pathogens because of free-roaming, scavenging lifestyles and close proximity to livestock. However, also companion dogs more subject to veterinary care may foster the spread of pathogens. Our results highlight the importance of regulating the access of domestic dogs to protected areas that aim at preserving biodiversity and enhancing the conservation of endangered species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Costanzi
- Alpine Wildlife Research Centre, Gran Paradiso National Park, Fraz Jamonin 5, 10080 Noasca, TO Italy
| | - Alice Brambilla
- Alpine Wildlife Research Centre, Gran Paradiso National Park, Fraz Jamonin 5, 10080 Noasca, TO Italy
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Wintherturerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, TO Italy
- A.S.L. TO3 - Azienda Sanitaria Locale Di Collegno E Pinerolo TO3, Via Martiri XXX Aprile 30, 10093 Collegno, TO Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, TO Italy
| | - Maria Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, TO Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, TO Italy
| | - Maria Silvia Gennero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, TO Italy
| | - Bruno Bassano
- Alpine Wildlife Research Centre, Gran Paradiso National Park, Fraz Jamonin 5, 10080 Noasca, TO Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muratore E, Cerutti F, Colombino E, Biasibetti E, Caruso C, Brovida C, Cavana P, Poncino L, Caputo MP, Peletto S, Masoero L, Capucchio MT. Feline morbillivirus in northwestern Italy: first detection of genotype 1-B. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 23:584-591. [PMID: 33140998 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20969360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel morbillivirus was recently described in stray and domestic cats in Asia, the USA and Europe. Most cats infected with feline morbillivirus (FeMV) showed lower urinary tract or kidney disease. Although the association of FeMV infection and kidney diseases has been suggested, the virus pathogenicity remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of FeMV infection, as well as the relationship between FeMV infection and kidney diseases in cats from northwestern Italy. METHODS A total of 153 urine samples (150 individuals and three pools) and 50 kidney samples were collected and included in the study; total RNA was extracted and a reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed in order to identify FeMV. Kidneys were also submitted to anatomopathological examination. Phylogenetic analysis and isolation attempts were carried out on positive samples. In FeMV-positive cats, urinalysis and blood analysis were performed. RESULTS FeMV RNA was detected in 7.3% of urine samples and in 8% of kidney samples, both in healthy cats and in cats with clinical signs/post-mortem lesions compatible with kidney disease. At histopathological examination, tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was shown in 3/4 positive kidney samples, but a clear relationship between FeMV and TIN was not observed. Isolation attempts were unsuccessful, although the urine sample of one castrated male cat hosted in a cattery showed a positive signal in RT-qPCR until the fourth cell passage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this FeMV strain belonged to genotype 1-B. In the same cattery, a second genotype 1-B variant was detected from a urine pool. Urinalysis showed proteinuria in three cats, while at blood analysis three cats presented altered creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Data reported suggest the presence of a FeMV sub-cluster distinct from the strain previously isolated in Italy, whose role in renal disorders remains uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Muratore
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerutti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Caruso
- ASL CN1 - Animal Health, Racconigi District, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cavana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Poncino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Simone Peletto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy.,Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mugetti D, Pastorino P, Menconi V, Messina M, Masoero L, Ceresa L, Pedron C, Prearo M. Two New Sturgeon Species are Susceptible to Acipenser Iridovirus European (AcIV-E) Infection. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030156. [PMID: 32106550 PMCID: PMC7157826 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first case of Acipenser iridovirus European (AcIV-E) infection in starry sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) and in sterlet (A. ruthenus) reared in Northern Italy. During 2018, mortality began in A. stellatus and A. ruthenus specimens reared in co-habitation with Russian sturgeon positive for AcIV-E. Molecular analyses were done on the gills to amplify a fragment of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene using real-time PCR against AcIV-E. DNA of the positive samples was further sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. The MCP gene sequences were highly similar to a virus previously identified in Italy (nucleotide identities between 99.38% and 99.69%). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed our hypothesis of passage of the virus from the infected Russian sturgeon. The detection of AcIV-E in new species of the Acipenseridae family may impact on sturgeon production, with relevant economic losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Mugetti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-0112686251 (P.P.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +39-0112686251 (P.P.)
| | - Vasco Menconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Margherita Messina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Luisa Ceresa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;
| | | | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy; (V.M.); (M.M.); (L.M.); (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rota A, Dogliero A, Muratore E, Pregel P, Del Carro A, Masoero L. Serological survey of canine parvovirus 2 antibody titres in breeding kennels in northern Italy. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:335. [PMID: 31533724 PMCID: PMC6751811 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend parvovirus revaccination of adult dogs no more frequently than every 3 years. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dogs showing protective serum antibody titres against canine parvovirus 2 in breeding kennels in Northern Italy and to assess the effect of time from vaccination and the sex of the dog on antibody titres. The study was carried out on 370 animals of different breeds kept in 33 breeding kennels. Antibodies to canine parvovirus 2 in serum samples were measured with an indirect immunoenzymatic assay validated by the manufacturer in relation to the 'gold standard' haemagglutination inhibition test. The number of months that had elapsed since the last vaccination was calculated for each animal and categorized into the following classes: < 12 months; 13-24 months; 25-36 months; 37-48 months; and > 49 months. RESULTS The prevalence of 'unprotected' dogs was 4.6%. A satisfactory solid herd immunity was present in the majority of breeding kennels, although some vaccination failures were detected. A significant negative correlation was found between antibody titre and months since last vaccination. Comparable antibody titres were found in the first 3 years after vaccination. Although the antibody titre over time was not affected by the sex of the dog, 'unprotected' females had been vaccinated more recently than males with analogous low titres. CONCLUSIONS Parvovirus revaccination of adult dogs every 3 years, as currently recommended, is also the appropriate recommendation for breeding kennels. Serological tests could be a useful tool to assess the effectiveness of vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ada Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2-5, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Andrea Dogliero
- Practitioner and ECAR resident, Rawdat Al FarasHoubara Breeding Center (Ministry of Municipality&Environment), Doha, State of Qatar
| | - Elvira Muratore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Pregel
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2-5, 10095, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caruso C, Gustinelli A, Pastorino P, Acutis PL, Prato R, Masoero L, Peletto S, Fioravanti ML, Prearo M. Mortality outbreak by perch rhabdovirus in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) farmed in Italy: Clinical presentation and phylogenetic analysis. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:773-776. [PMID: 30850994 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a mortality outbreak, occurred in 2015 and affecting juveniles of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) farmed in Italy. Perch rhabdovirus (PRV) was detected by viral isolation and biomolecular investigations. Phylogenetic analysis clustered our isolate into genogroup B, which also includes PRV isolates from Perca fluviatilis identified in France (2004-2009); diagnostic investigations also revealed opportunistic bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila) and parasites (Chilodonella piscicola). Since, occasionally, PRV has been reported in the natural environment, which is often a source of eggs and broodstock for farms, it could be possible that both similar France and Italian isolate were imported from a same place elsewhere and have a common origin. Improving biosecurity measures (batch control) and disinfection of egg strings with an iodine-based solution helps prevent apparent vertical transmission of PRV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Gustinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- ASL CN1, Local Veterinary Service, Cuneo, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Letizia Fioravanti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grattarola C, Gallina S, Giorda F, Pautasso A, Ballardini M, Iulini B, Varello K, Goria M, Peletto S, Masoero L, Serracca L, Romano A, Dondo A, Zoppi S, Garibaldi F, Scaglione FE, Marsili L, Di Guardo G, Lettini AA, Mignone W, Fernandez A, Casalone C. First report of Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- in free-ranging striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), Italy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6061. [PMID: 30988332 PMCID: PMC6465278 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2015 and the beginning of 2018 (January-March), 30 cetaceans were found stranded along the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy. Necropsies were performed in 22 cases and infectious diseases resulted the most common cause of death. Three striped dolphins, showed a severe coinfection involving the monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium (Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-). The isolates were characterized based on antimicrobial resistance, Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem-repeat Analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). All isolates demonstrated the same multidrug resistant genotype (ASSuT isolates), showed three different MLVA profiles, two of which closely related, and were identified as Sequence Type 34. Moreover, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis confirmed strong correlations between two out of the three isolates. To our knowledge, S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-, one of the most common serovars in cases of human infection and food sources worldwide, has not previously been described in marine mammals, and reports of Salmonella-associated disease in free-ranging cetaceans are rare. These results highlight the role of cetaceans as sentinel species for zoonotic and terrestrial pathogens in the marine environment, suggest a potential risk for cetaceans and public health along the North Western Italian coastline and indicate cetaceans as a novel potential reservoir for one of the most widespread Salmonella serovars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Grattarola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy.
| | - S Gallina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - F Giorda
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy.,Institute of Animal Health, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, 35416, Spain
| | - A Pautasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - M Ballardini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - B Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - K Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - M Goria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - S Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - L Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - L Serracca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - A Romano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - A Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - S Zoppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - F Garibaldi
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - F E Scaglione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, 10095, Italy
| | - L Marsili
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - G Di Guardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - A A Lettini
- Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, 35020, Italy
| | - W Mignone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| | - A Fernandez
- Institute of Animal Health, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, 35416, Spain
| | - C Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, 10154, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cerutti F, Caruso C, Modesto P, Orusa R, Masoero L, Acutis PL, Peletto S. The genome of Border disease virus genotype 8 from chamois by next generation sequencing. Vet Ital 2019; 55:103-105. [PMID: 30794320 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1768.9338.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Border disease virus (BDV) is widespread both in domestic small ruminants and wildlife. Here we report the genome of BDV genotype 8 from chamois, strain Italy‑58987, obtained by next generation sequencing and the comparison with other pestiviruses. The sequence of 12,245 bp long was aligned to 22 pestivirus genomes and it showed a nt/aa similarity of 81.3/89.4% with BDV genotypes, and 65.9/67.8% with the other pestiviruses. The genome showed a mean nt/aa similarity of 91.2/95.0% with three Swiss genomes closely related to the BDV‑8 5'‑UTR and Npro sequences. The identification of divergent BDV‑8 isolates in North‑Western Italy and in Switzerland suggests that this genotype may have been circulating in a wider area than previously supposed, and may have a high host adaptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Radaelli M, Verna F, Pautasso A, Bellavia V, Ballardini M, Mignone W, Masoero L, Dondo A, Orusa R, Picco L, Moschi R, Mosca A, Chianese R, Chiavacci L, Casalone C. “One Health” approach in West Nile disease surveillance: the northwestern Italian experience. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
16
|
Pautasso A, Iulini B, Grattarola C, Giorda F, Goria M, Peletto S, Masoero L, Mignone W, Varello K, Petrella A, Carbone A, Pintore A, Denurra D, Scholl F, Cersini A, Puleio R, Purpari G, Lucifora G, Fusco G, Di Guardo G, Mazzariol S, Casalone C. Novel dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) outbreak among Mediterranean striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba in Italian waters. Dis Aquat Organ 2019; 132:215-220. [PMID: 31188137 DOI: 10.3354/dao03323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An unusual mortality event (UME) of striped dolphins Stenella coeruleoalba occurred in the period July to December 2016 along the Italian Ionian coastline. We conducted a complete postmortem examination on 28 specimens and detected dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), by means of biomolecular analyses, in the target tissues of 17 animals. Unlike previous outbreaks occurring in the Mediterranean Sea in 2011 and 2013, we observed typical pathological changes suggestive of morbilliviral infection in an acute/subacute phase and immunohistochemical reactivity. The same findings were observed in 13 other specimens beached along the Italian coastline during 2016 with no temporal and geographical relationship with the ongoing epidemic outbreak. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis showed that DMV sequences detected in Italy in 2016 clustered with those identified in Portugal and Galicia (Spain), representing a novel DMV strain of Atlantic origin which entered the Mediterranean Sea and affected a naïve striped dolphin population. DMV sequences detected in the previous Mediterranean outbreaks exhibited a marked genetic relatedness and diverged from those detected in cetaceans stranded along the Galician and Portuguese coasts since 2007.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pautasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Caruso C, Vitale N, Prato R, Radaelli MC, Zoppi S, Possidente R, Dondo A, Chiavacci L, Moreno Martin AM, Masoero L. Pseudorabies virus in North-West Italian wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations: prevalence and risk factors to support a territorial risk-based surveillance. Vet Ital 2018; 54:337-341. [PMID: 30681133 DOI: 10.12834/vetit.1006.6613.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although the eradication of Pseudorabies virus (PrV) in domestic pigs is ongoing, the circulation of this virus in wild boars remains a threat in the currently unprotected, 'low prevalence', pig population. In this study, we reported PrV prevalence data and the influence of possible risk factors in 2 North-West Italian wild boar populations (free and enclosed) with the goal of supporting the implementation of a risk-based AD surveillance system. Sera from 1,425 wild boars were collected between 2011 and 2015 and tested by ELISA for the presence of PrV antibodies; the overall raw seroprevalence was 30.39% (433/1,425; CI 95% 28.01-32.85%). A significant difference was however observed between the prevalence rates of the free range population (9.98%; 90/902; CI 95%; 8.10-12.12%) and the enclosed population of La Mandria park (Piedmont, Italy) (65.58%; 343/523; CI 95%; 61.51-69.65%). In both populations a significantly higher number of adults and females were found positive to PrV ELISA. Specific territorial data on PrV circulation in wild boars should be acquired from other regions for guiding risk-based measures in order to reduce the threat of AD re-infection in a more cost-effective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bertolini S, Rosamilia A, Caruso C, Maurella C, Ingravalle F, Quasso A, Acutis PL, Pitti M, Masoero L, Ru G. A cross-sectional study to identify a set of risk factors for caprine herpesvirus 1 infection. BMC Vet Res 2018. [PMID: 29540191 PMCID: PMC5853066 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caprine herpesvirus 1 (CpHV-1) causes neonatal mortality and reproductive failure in goats. Despite its impact on herd reproductive performance, few studies have investigated the risk factors associated with CpHV-1 infection. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify potential herd- and host-level risk factors associated with CpHV-1 prevalence in a goat population with heterogeneous seropositivity for CpHV-1. RESULTS Blood samples and individual data from 4542 goats were collected from 255 herds in Piedmont, Italy. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum neutralization tests were carried out to detect antibodies against CpHV-1. A mixed-effects model was applied to identify any statistical association between CpHV-1 seropositivity and a set of putative host-level and herd-level risk factors. A total of 630 samples tested were found positive by ELISA (prevalence = 13.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 12.9-14.9). Of the 255 tested herds, 85 were classified as positive for the presence of at least one gB-positive animal (herd prevalence 33.3%, 95% CI 27.5-39.2), with a within-herd prevalence between 0.7 and 100% (Q1 = 17.6%; median = 32.3%; Q3 = 50%) (Q = quartiles). The prevalence ratios showed a statistical association with the following risk factors: breeds other than Saanen, older age, larger herd size, meat and extensive herds, and co-existence of CAEV-infected animals. CONCLUSIONS Results from this cross sectional study may help to elucidate the natural history of the infection and inform targeted strategies to control a disease with a potentially important impact on animal health and goat farming economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bertolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| | - A Rosamilia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, Teramo, Italy
| | - C Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - C Maurella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - F Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - A Quasso
- Local Health Unit AT, Asti, Italy
| | - P L Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - M Pitti
- Local Health Unit TO4, Turin, Italy
| | - L Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - G Ru
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elia AC, Magara G, Caruso C, Masoero L, Prearo M, Arsieni P, Caldaroni B, Dörr AJM, Scoparo M, Salvati S, Brizio P, Squadrone S, Abete MC. A comparative study on subacute toxicity of arsenic trioxide and dimethylarsinic acid on antioxidant status in Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK), human hepatocellular carcinoma (PLC/PRF/5), and epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cell lines. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2018; 81:333-348. [PMID: 29498595 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1442758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a global contaminant of terrestrial and aquatic environments posing concern for environmental and human health. The effects of subacute concentrations of arsenic trioxide (AsIII) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) were examined using Crandell Rees feline kidney (CRFK), human hepatocellular carcinoma (PLC/PRF/5), and epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC). Whole monolayer with suffering cells (confluence 100%, pyknosis and refractive cells; value scale = 2) led to identification of subacute As concentrations for the three cell lines. The selected AsIII concentrations were 1.33 µM for CRFK and 33.37 µM for PLC/PRF/5 and EPC, at 48 hr time point. The selected DMAV concentrations were 0.67 mM for PLC/PRF/5, 1.33 mM for CRFK, and 2.67 mM for EPC for 48 hr. Unlike the AsIII test, the three cell lines did not exhibit marked susceptibility to DMAV-mediated toxicity. Several oxidative stress biomarker levels, directly or indirectly associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, and total glutathione, were determined in the three cell lines at 24 and 48 hr. Antioxidant responses in metal-treated cells were significantly altered compared to controls, suggesting a perturbation of redox state. The weakening of antioxidant pathway in either healthy or tumoral cells was greater using AsIII than DMAV. Differences in level of several oxidative stress biomarkers suggest that the oxidative stress mechanism induced by AsIII is distinctly different from DMAV. Multifaceted mechanisms of action underlying ROS generation in tumor and nontumor cells versus AsIII and DMAV exposure are thus involved. Since As-mediated toxicity is quite complex, more data regarding both oxidant-enhancement and oxidant-lowering strategies may be useful to improve knowledge regarding the influence of As on human and animal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Concetta Elia
- a Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Gabriele Magara
- a Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Claudio Caruso
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Paola Arsieni
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Barbara Caldaroni
- a Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | | | - Melissa Scoparo
- a Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Stefania Salvati
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | - Paola Brizio
- b Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte , Torino , Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grattarola C, Giorda F, Iulini B, Pautasso A, Ballardini M, Zoppi S, Marsili L, Peletto S, Masoero L, Varello K, Garibaldi F, Scaglione FE, Di Guardo G, Dondo A, Goria M, Serracca L, Mignone W, Casalone C. Occlusive mycotic tracheobronchitis and systemic Alphaherpesvirus coinfection in a free-living striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba in Italy. Dis Aquat Organ 2018; 127:137-144. [PMID: 29384483 DOI: 10.3354/dao03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A juvenile female striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba live stranded on 4 March 2016 at Alassio, western Ligurian Sea coast, Italy. The dolphin died shortly after stranding, and a complete postmortem examination was performed. Necropsy revealed severe tracheal occlusion and unilateral bronchial stenosis with luminal accumulation of abundant green-yellow mucous-gelatinous material. Histological features suggestive of tracheobronchial aspergillosis were observed. Cultures of lung tissue and tracheo-bronchial exudate isolated Aspergillus fumigatus, identified by a Microseq D2 LSUrDNA fungal sequencing kit. A pan-Herpesvirus nested-PCR assay on frozen samples obtained from multiple organs was positive. Phylogenetic analysis on the partial DNA polymerase gene revealed that the striped dolphin isolate was closely related to known cetacean Alphaherpesvirus sequences from the same host species. Attempted virus isolation was unsuccessful. The tissue levels of different persistent organic pollutants and the toxicological stress, evaluated using a theoretical model, showed a severely impaired immune response. This study reports the first case of occlusive mycotic tracheobronchitis in a free-living cetacean and the first molecular identification of an Alphaherpesvirus in a free-ranging striped dolphin stranded on the coast of Italy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Grattarola
- C.Re.Di.Ma., Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Spuria L, Biasibetti E, Bisanzio D, Biasato I, De Meneghi D, Nebbia P, Robino P, Bianco P, Lamberti M, Caruso C, Di Blasio A, Peletto S, Masoero L, Dondo A, Capucchio MT. Microbial agents in macroscopically healthy mammary gland tissues of small ruminants. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3994. [PMID: 29152416 PMCID: PMC5689019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health of mammary glands is fundamental for milk and dairy products hygiene and quality, with huge impacts on consumers welfare. Methods This study aims to investigate the microbial agents (bacteria, fungi and lentiviruses) isolated from 89 macroscopically healthy udders of regularly slaughtered small ruminants (41 sheep, 48 goats), also correlating their presence with the histological findings. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between lesions and positivity for different microbial isolates, animal age and bacteria. Results Twenty-five samples were microbiologically negative; 138 different bacteria were isolated in 64 positive udders. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most prevalent bacteria isolated (46.42%), followed by environmental opportunists (34.76%), others (10.14%) and pathogens (8.68%). Most mammary glands showed coinfections (75%). Lentiviruses were detected in 39.3% of samples. Histologically, chronic non-suppurative mastitis was observed in 45/89 glands, followed by chronic mixed mastitis (12/89) and acute suppurative mastitis (4/89). Only 28 udders were normal. Histological lesions were significantly associated with the animal species and lentiviruses and coagulase-negative staphylococci infections. Goats had significantly higher risk to show chronic mixed mastitis compared to sheep. Goats showed a significantly lower risk (OR = 0.26; 95% CI [0.06-0.71]) of being infected by environmental opportunists compared to sheep, but higher risk (OR = 10.87; 95% CI [3.69-37.77]) of being infected with lentiviruses. Discussion The results of the present study suggest that macroscopically healthy glands of small ruminants could act as a reservoir of microbial agents for susceptible animals, representing a potential risk factor for the widespread of acute or chronic infection in the flock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Spuria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Donal Bisanzio
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, c/o Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Daniele De Meneghi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nebbia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Patrizia Robino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pintore MD, Cerutti F, D'Angelo A, Corona C, Gazzuola P, Masoero L, Colombo C, Bona R, Cantile C, Peletto S, Casalone C, Iulini B. Isolation and molecular characterisation of Halicephalobus gingivalis in the brain of a horse in Piedmont, Italy. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:135. [PMID: 28270191 PMCID: PMC5341423 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A fatal case of meningoencephalitis was reported in a 13-year-old Koninklijk Warmbloed Paard Nederland stallion, suspected of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, in the Piedmont region of Italy. Clinical signs included right head tilt and circling, depression alternated with excitability, fever and lateral strabismus. Combined treatment consisting of dimethylsulfoxide, dexamethasone, sulphonamides and sedative was administered, but because of the poor conditions the horse was euthanatized and submitted for necropsy. Results At post-mortem examination no skin lesions were observed, all organs appeared normal on gross evaluation and only head and blood samples were further investigated. Neuropathological findings consisted of granulomatous meningoencephalitis and larvae and adult females of Halicephalobus gingivalis were isolated and identified from the digested brain. Frozen brain was submitted to PCR amplification and 220 bp multiple sequence alignment was analysed by Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. Conclusions Phylogenetic inference revealed that the isolate belongs to H. gingivalis Lineage 3. WN surveillance can help to deepen our knowledge of horse neurological disorders investigating their causes and incidence. Moreover, it can help to understand the geographic distribution of the H. gingivalis, to unravel epidemiological information, and to estimate risk for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Domenica Pintore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Gazzuola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Piemonte Liguria and Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Muratore E, Bertolotti L, Nogarol C, Caruso C, Lucchese L, Iotti B, Ariello D, Moresco A, Masoero L, Nardelli S, Rosati S. Surveillance of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in marker-vaccinated dairy herds: Application of a recombinant gE ELISA on bulk milk samples. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 185:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
24
|
Cerutti F, Luzzago C, Lauzi S, Ebranati E, Caruso C, Masoero L, Moreno A, Acutis PL, Zehender G, Peletto S. Phylogeography, phylodynamics and transmission chains of bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 1f in Northern Italy. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 45:262-267. [PMID: 27619057 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1 in Italy is characterized by high genetic diversity, with at least 20 subtypes. Subtype 1f is endemic in a restricted geographic area, meaning that it has local distribution. We investigated the population dynamics of BVDV-1f in Northern Italy and characterized the transmission chains of a subset of samples from Piedmont and Aosta Valley regions. A total of 51 samples from 1966 to 2013 were considered and 5' UTR sequences were used for phylogeography. A subset of 12 samples was selected for Npro gene sequencing and further characterization of the transmission chains using both molecular and epidemiological data. Phylogeography estimated the root of BVDV-1f tree in Veneto in 1965. Four significant subclades included sequences clustering by region: Lombardy (n=3), Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna (n=7), Piedmont (n=17), Piedmont and Aosta Valley (n=21). The Piedmont-only subclade has a ladder-like branching structure, while the Piedmont and Aosta Valley subclade has a nearly complete binary structure. In the subset, the outbreak reconstruction identified one sample from Piedmont as the most probable source of infection for the Aosta Valley cases. An ad hoc questionnaire submitted to public veterinarians revealed connections between sampled and non-sampled farms by means of trades, exhibitions and markets. According to the phylogeography, BVDV-1f moved westward, entering from Veneto, and spreading to Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna in the early 1990s, and finally to Piedmont and Aosta Valley in the first decade of 2000s. Both phylogeographic analyses on the whole dataset and on the selection of Npro dataset pointed out that subtype 1f entered Aosta Valley from Piedmont. The integration of molecular and epidemiological data revealed connections between farms, and such approach should be considered in any control plan. In Aosta Valley, the study showed that BVDV1f can be controlled only monitoring the introduction of cattle from Piedmont region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cerutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Camilla Luzzago
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Erika Ebranati
- Department of Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Ana Moreno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| | - Gianguglielmo Zehender
- Department of Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Turin, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Caruso C, Prato R, Ingravalle F, Vecchio D, Sciarra A, Ternavasio M, Ceccarelli L, Martucciello A, Galiero G, De Carlo E, Masoero L. Prevalence of antibodies against Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) among Mediterranean water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) with implications in buffalo trade. Vet Q 2016; 36:184-188. [PMID: 27334411 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2016.1205236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) and Bubaline herpesvirus (BuHV-1) have been reported to cross the species barrier. Antibody seroconversion in glycoprotein E (gE) blocking ELISA during BuHV-1 infection has been documented. Recent diagnostic efforts have focused on the development and application of discriminatory tests to distinguish between infections with BoHV-1 and BuHV-1. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact and distribution of these two infections in water buffalo farms in two regions (Piedmont (n = 3) and Campania (n = 10), Italy) where infectious bovine rhinotracheitis control programs have been implemented. ANIMALS AND METHODS Sampling was carried out on 13 buffalo farms comprising 1089 animals using specific gE-indirect ELISA's test able to discriminate among BoHV-1 and BuHV-1 infections. RESULTS 59.0% of animals reacted positive to ELISA (irrespective of whether BoHV-1 or BuHV-1 antigen was used) and 86.4% of these were reactive to BuHV-1 only, whereas 11.8% showed absorbance values for both antigens and were classified as inconclusive. There was a statistically significant age-related difference in BuHV-1 infection rates but not in overall individual (47% vs. 58%) or herd prevalence (100% vs. 90%) of infection between the two regions. CONCLUSION The low percentage of sera reactive to BoHV-1 (1.8%, 12/643) indicates that BuHV-1 may be the main circulating alphaherpesvirus infection in Mediterranean water buffalo in the two study areas. Since Bubalus bubalis is included in Directive 64/432/EEC on animal health problems affecting intra-community trade in bovine animals, diagnostic testing with nonspecific ELISA for BoHV-1 infection in buffalo may yield false-positive reactions. This scenario could lead to economic losses and hamper buffalo trade and movement, particularly for reproduction purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- a Department of Virology , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piedmont , Turin , Italy
| | - R Prato
- a Department of Virology , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piedmont , Turin , Italy
| | - F Ingravalle
- a Department of Virology , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piedmont , Turin , Italy
| | - D Vecchio
- b Diagnostic Section of Salerno , National Reference Center on 'Hygiene and Technologies of Buffalo Breeding and Production', Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Salerno , Italy
| | - A Sciarra
- a Department of Virology , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piedmont , Turin , Italy
| | - M Ternavasio
- c Veterinary Local Service - ASL TO5 , Torino , Italy
| | - L Ceccarelli
- a Department of Virology , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piedmont , Turin , Italy
| | - A Martucciello
- b Diagnostic Section of Salerno , National Reference Center on 'Hygiene and Technologies of Buffalo Breeding and Production', Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Salerno , Italy
| | - G Galiero
- c Veterinary Local Service - ASL TO5 , Torino , Italy
| | - E De Carlo
- b Diagnostic Section of Salerno , National Reference Center on 'Hygiene and Technologies of Buffalo Breeding and Production', Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Salerno , Italy
| | - L Masoero
- d Diagnostic Section of Portici , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Caruso C, Peletto S, Rosamilia A, Modesto P, Chiavacci L, Sona B, Balsamelli F, Ghisetti V, Acutis PL, Pezzoni G, Brocchi E, Vitale N, Masoero L. Hepatitis E Virus: A Cross-Sectional Serological and Virological Study in Pigs and Humans at Zoonotic Risk within a High-Density Pig Farming Area. Transbound Emerg Dis 2016; 64:1443-1453. [PMID: 27380833 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An increase in autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections has been recorded in Italy suspected to be zoonotically transmitted from pigs; this study was carried out to determinate the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis HEV exposition, both in swine and humans working in pig farms, located within a high-density pig farming area in Piedmont region, north-western Italy. The presence of viral RNA in human and swine samples was also evaluated, and phylogenetic analysis was performed on HEV-positive samples. Forty-two swine farms were sampled; 142 workers were enrolled in the study and classified into two groups: (i) 69 workers with occupational contact with swine (including veterinarians and farmers) recruited in the 42 sampled farms; (ii) 73 without occupational contact with swine. Forty-one of 42 (97%) swine farms resulted positive to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for HEV antibodies (Abs). Overall seroprevalence in swine was 50% (441/879), with seropositivity rate higher in sows (333/469, 71%). HEV RNA in stool samples was detected in animals from 13 of 42 tested farms (31%), and a higher positivity resulted in weaners (40/246, 16.3%). Phylogenetic analysis classified all HEV isolates within genotype 3 (subtypes 3f, 3e, 3c). All humans were negative for HEV viral genome in blood. Five of 142 sera were positive for IgG anti-HEV with an overall prevalence of 3.52% with no statistically significant differences in prevalence rates between workers at zoonotic risk and the control group (5.7% versus 1.3%). In contrast, a significant difference (OR 10.1) was observed within the subgroup including subjects exposed for short periods (veterinarians) compared with those who worked for long periods (farmers) suggesting a correlation between the time of exposure and the likelihood of HEV infection. Reporting HEV infection is not mandatory in Italy, but a constant epidemiological surveillance should be ensured to clarify the epidemiology of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - S Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | | | - P Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L Chiavacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - B Sona
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale CN1, Cuneo, Italy
| | - F Balsamelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - V Ghisetti
- Ospedale Amedeo di Savoia, Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - P L Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - G Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - E Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valled' Aosta, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bertolotti L, Muratore E, Nogarol C, Caruso C, Lucchese L, Profiti M, Anfossi L, Masoero L, Nardelli S, Rosati S. Development and validation of an indirect ELISA as a confirmatory test for surveillance of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in vaccinated herds. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:300. [PMID: 26646170 PMCID: PMC4672570 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) is a member of the viral subfamily of Alphaherpesvirinae that infects various species, including cattle, sheep, and goats. The virus causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), which is included in a European list of diseases that may require control and eradication programs. The lack of confirmatory tests affects the validity of diagnostic tools, especially those used for vaccinated herds. In this study, we report the development and validation of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on BoHV1 glycoprotein E, which was expressed as a secreted recombinant antigen in a mammalian cell system. The performance of the new rec-gE ELISA was compared with that of commercially available indirect and/or blocking ELISAs. RESULTS The sample set included blood sera from animals from IBR-positive farms, IBR-free farms, and marker-vaccinated farms. The indirect ELISA proposed in this study is based on antibody reactivity against BoHV1 gE, and showed high sensitivity and specificity (98.41 and 99.76 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The ELISA performed well, in terms of both its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and as a confirmatory methodology, and therefore should improve the diagnostic protocols used for IBR surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bertolotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. .,, Present address: Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Elvira Muratore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy.
| | - Laura Lucchese
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Nardelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Caruso C, Modesto P, Prato R, Scaglione FE, De Marco L, Bollo E, Acutis PL, Masoero L, Peletto S. Hepatitis E Virus: First Description in a Pet House Rabbit. A New Transmission Route for Human? Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 62:229-32. [PMID: 25773737 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we identified for the first time hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a pet house rabbit, an adult 7 years old female of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Importantly, the resulting phylogenetic tree showed that the HEV strain identified in the pet house rabbit was closely related to a human HEV sequence; this finding reawakens concerns regarding the zoonotic risk represented by HEV in animals and expands to house rabbit the spectrum of potential source of infection for humans. Potential for domestic transmission of HEV to humans should be taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Caruso C, Modesto P, Bertolini S, Peletto S, Acutis PL, Dondo A, Robetto S, Mignone W, Orusa R, Ru G, Masoero L. Serological and virological survey of hepatitis E virus in wild boar populations in northwestern Italy: detection of HEV subtypes 3e and 3f. Arch Virol 2014; 160:153-60. [PMID: 25283611 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although rare in developed countries, most acquired human cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection are associated with travel to developing countries where HEV is endemic. Increasingly, however, sporadic, non-travel-related HEV cases have been reported in developed countries. In Italy, only two studies to date have investigated the presence of HEV in wild boars. Here, we report a serological and virological survey of HEV in wild boar populations in northwestern Italy. During the hunting season, 594 serum and 320 liver samples were collected and screened for antibodies to HEV and HEV RNA. Overall, the seroprevalence was 4.9 %, and HEV RNA was detected in 12 liver samples (p = 3.7 %). No serum samples tested positive for HEV RNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 region revealed that the isolates clustered within genotype 3, subtypes 3e and 3f, and were closely related to HEV strains previously detected in domestic pigs farmed in the same geographic area. Although the routes of viral transmission are still poorly understood, our data show that HEV genotypes 3e and 3f circulate in wild boars in northwestern Italy. Also, they provide evidence that autochthonous HEV infections in Italy could also be linked to wild boar populations, suggesting an increased risk for domestically acquired HEV infection in humans through wild animals. The HEV sequences determined in this study may be useful for comparing present and future human isolates to identify transmission events between wild boar, humans, and farmed pigs. Similarly to other more commonly known zoonotic agents, HEV should be included in national or regional disease surveillance programs for wild animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d' Aosta, Via Bologna n° 148, 10154, Turin, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Caruso C, Gobbi E, Biosa T, Andra' M, Cavallazzi U, Masoero L. Evaluation of viral inactivation of pseudorabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and porcine parvovirus in pancreatin of porcine origin. J Virol Methods 2014; 208:79-84. [PMID: 25110118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatin is a substance containing enzymes, principally amylase, lipase, and protease. It is obtained from bovine or porcine pancreas and used in the treatment of pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in humans. Regulations and safety concerns mandate viral clearance (virus removal or inactivation) in biopharmaceuticals such as pancreatin. A virus validation study was performed to evaluate virus clearance achieved in the final step of drying under vacuum by testing a panel of four animal viruses: Pseudorabies virus (PRV), Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and Porcine parvovirus (PPV). Because of the product's virucidal effect and high cytotoxicity, the starting material was diluted to a ratio of 0.67 g of dried pancreatin resuspended in 13.5 mL of cell culture medium followed by a 50-fold dilution in cell culture medium before spiking. After heating at 60±1°C for 5 h, the samples were diluted about 5-fold in cell culture medium and titered by the plaque assay method. The virus reduction factor ranged from 5.59 (for PPV) to 7.07 (for EMCV) and no viral plaque was observed, indicating that the process step was effective in the reduction and removal of virus contamination. Though no virus contamination events in pancreatin have been reported to date, evaluation of the production process for its ability to inactivate and/or remove virus contamination, particularly from zoonotic viral agents such as hepatitis E virus and Norovirus considered emerging pathogens, is necessary to ensure the viral safety of animal-derived biopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy.
| | - E Gobbi
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - T Biosa
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - M Andra'
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - U Cavallazzi
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - L Masoero
- Department of Virology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nogarol C, Bertolotti L, De Carlo E, Masoero L, Caruso C, Profiti M, Martucciello A, Galiero G, Cordioli P, Lelli D, Nardelli S, Ingravalle F, Rosati S. Expression and antigenic characterization of bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) glycoprotein E and its potential application in the epidemiology and control of alphaherpesvirus infections in Mediterranean water buffalo. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:16-21. [PMID: 24992670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV1) is a member of ruminant alphaherpesviruses antigenically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV1). The impact of BuHV1 infection in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis control program is difficult to establish, due to the lack of specific diagnostic test. The ectodomain of glycoprotein E of BuHV1 was expressed as recombinant secreted protein and used in indirect ELISA as well as in a discriminatory test using the BoHV1 counterpart. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was produced against BuHV1; 6 out of 7 anti-gE monoclonal antibodies specifically recognized the BuHV1 gE. Results indicated BuHV1 gE as a sensitive marker of infection compared to seroneutralization (SN) test or blocking ELISA. When BoHV1 and BuHV1 gEs were immobilized in different wells of the same ELISA microplate, bovine and water buffalo sera were more reactive against the respective infecting virus. About one third of seropositive buffaloes with no history of contact with cattle and having higher SN titres, reacted in BoHV1 gE blocking ELISA, possibly because of steric hindrance. Since in two occasions BuHV1 was also isolated from water buffalo scoring gB+/gE+ BoHV1 blocking ELISA, we conclude that the combination of the two blocking ELISAs is not suitable to differentiate between BoHV1 and BuHV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Nogarol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - L Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - E De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Centro di Referenza Nazionalesull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, Salerno, Italy
| | - L Masoero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - C Caruso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - M Profiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - A Martucciello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Centro di Referenza Nazionalesull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, Salerno, Italy
| | - G Galiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Centro di Referenza Nazionalesull'igiene e le tecnologie dell'allevamento e delle produzioni bufaline, Salerno, Italy
| | - P Cordioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - D Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - S Nardelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - F Ingravalle
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle D'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - S Rosati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rocha PRD, Bertuglia A, Biasibetti E, Bullone M, Rosamilia A, Masoero L, Capucchio MT. Subependymal Reaction Secondary to Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|