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Gurung M, Rosa F, Yelvington B, Terry N, Read QD, Piccolo BD, Moody B, Tripp P, Pittman HE, Fay BL, Ross TJ, Sikes JD, Flowers JB, Fox R, LeRoith T, Talatala R, Bar-Yoseph F, Yeruva L. Evaluation of a Plant-Based Infant Formula Containing Almonds and Buckwheat on Gut Microbiota Composition, Intestine Morphology, Metabolic and Immune Markers in a Neonatal Piglet Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:383. [PMID: 36678256 PMCID: PMC9861483 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A controlled-neonatal piglet trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a plant-based infant formula containing buckwheat and almonds as the main source of protein compared to a commercially available dairy-based formula on the gut health parameters. Two day old piglets were fed either a plant-based or a dairy-based formula until day 21. Gut microbiome, cytokines, growth and metabolism related outcomes, and intestinal morphology were evaluated to determine the safety of the plant-based infant formula. This study reported that the plant-based formula-fed piglets had a similar intestinal microbiota composition relative to the dairy-based formula-fed group. However, differential abundance of specific microbiota species was detected within each diet group in the small and large intestinal regions and fecal samples. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus crispatus, and Fusobacterium sp. had higher abundance in the small intestine of plant-based formula-fed piglets compared to the dairy-based group. Bacteroides nordii, Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Prevotella sp., Ruminococcus lactaris, Bacteroides nordii, Eisenbergiella sp., Lactobacillus crispatus, Prevotella sp., and Akkermansia muciniphila had greater abundance in the large intestine of the plant based diet fed piglets relative to the dairy-based diet group. In the feces, Clostridiales, Bacteroides uniformis, Butyricimonasvirosa, Cloacibacillus porcorum, Clostridium clostridioforme, and Fusobacterium sp. were abundant in dairy-based group relative to the plant-based group. Lachnospiraceae, Clostridium scindens, Lactobacillus coleohominis, and Prevetolla sp. had greater abundance in the feces of the plant-based group in comparison to the dairy-based group. Gut morphology was similar between the plant and the dairy-based formula-fed piglets. Circulatory cytokines, magnesium, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin D, vitamin K, and IgE levels were similar among all piglets independent of dietary group. Overall, the present study demonstrated that a plant-based formula with buckwheat and almonds as the primary source of protein can support similar gut microbiota growth and health outcomes compared to a dairy-based infant formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gurung
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79409, USA
| | - Brooke Yelvington
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Nathan Terry
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Quentin D. Read
- USDA-ARS, Southeast Area, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Becky Moody
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Patricia Tripp
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Hoy E. Pittman
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Bobby L. Fay
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Talyor J. Ross
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - James D. Sikes
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | | | - Renee Fox
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rachelanne Talatala
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | | | - Laxmi Yeruva
- USDA-ARS, South East Area, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Rosa F, Sharma AK, Gurung M, Casero D, Matazel K, Bode L, Simecka C, Elolimy AA, Tripp P, Randolph C, Hand TW, Williams KD, LeRoith T, Yeruva L. Human Milk Oligosaccharides Impact Cellular and Inflammatory Gene Expression and Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907529. [PMID: 35844612 PMCID: PMC9278088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk harbors complex carbohydrates, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third most abundant component after lactose and lipids. HMOs have been shown to impact intestinal microbiota, modulate the intestinal immune response, and prevent pathogenic bacterial binding by serving as decoy receptors. However, the direct effect of HMOs on intestinal function and immunity remains to be elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, 21-day-old germ-free mice (C57BI/6) were orally gavaged with 15 mg/day of pooled HMOs for 7 or 14 days and euthanized at day 28 or 35. A set of mice was maintained until day 50 to determine the persistent effects of HMOs. Control groups were maintained in the isolators for 28, 35, or 50 days of age. At the respective endpoints, intestinal tissues were subjected to histomorphometric and transcriptomic analyses, while the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were subjected to flow cytometric analysis. The small intestine (SI) crypt was reduced after HMO treatment relative to control at days 28 and 35, while the SI villus height and large intestine (LI) gland depth were decreased in the HMO-treated mice relative to the control at day 35. We report significant HMO-induced and location-specific gene expression changes in host intestinal tissues. HMO treatment significantly upregulated genes involved in extracellular matrix, protein ubiquitination, nuclear transport, and mononuclear cell differentiation. CD4+ T cells were increased in both MLNs and the spleen, while CD8+ T cells were increased in the spleen at day 50 in the HMO group in comparison to controls. In MLNs, plasma cells were increased in HMO group at days 28 and 35, while in the spleen, only at day 28 relative to controls. Macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils were lower in the spleen of the HMO group at days 28, 35, and 50, while in MLNs, only neutrophils were lower at day 50 in the 14-day HMO group. In addition, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid antibody-secreting cells were higher in HMO-supplemented group compared to controls. Our data suggest that HMOs have a direct effect on gastrointestinal tract metabolism and the immune system even in the absence of host microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosa
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Ashok K. Sharma
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manoj Gurung
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - David Casero
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katelin Matazel
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christy Simecka
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Elolimy
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Patricia Tripp
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Timothy W. Hand
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, R.K. Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Keith D. Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Tanya LeRoith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Little Rock, AR, United States
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Rosa F, Yelvington B, Terry N, Tripp P, Pittman HE, Fay BL, Ross TJ, Sikes JD, Flowers JB, Bar-Yoseph F, Yeruva L. Evaluation of the Safety of a Plant-Based Infant Formula Containing Almonds and Buckwheat in a Neonatal Piglet Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:1499. [PMID: 35406111 PMCID: PMC9002815 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized neonatal piglet trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and the effects of a plant-based formula containing almonds and buckwheat as the main ingredients on growth and plasma parameters. From postnatal day (PND) 2 to 21, the piglets were fed a dairy-based milk formula (Similac Advance) or a plant-based formula (Else Nutrition) and all piglets were euthanized at day 21. No diarrhea was observed after PND 8 and all the piglets completed the trial. Body growth, kcal intake, the complete plasma count parameters and hematological parameters were within the reference range in both groups. Organ growth and development was similar between the two groups. Plasma glucose was higher in the dairy-based-fed piglets relative to the plant-based at 2 weeks of age. Liver function biomarkers levels were greater in the plasma of the plant-based compared to the dairy-based fed group. In addition, calcium levels were higher in the plant-based fed piglets at 1 week of age. Thus, the plant-based formula tested in this study was well tolerated by the piglets and supported similar growth compared to dairy-based milk formula. Therefore, the results support the safety of the tested plant-based infant formula during the neonatal period in comparison to the dairy-based formula fed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosa
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX 79415, USA
| | - Brooke Yelvington
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Nathan Terry
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Patricia Tripp
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Hoy E. Pittman
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Bobby L. Fay
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | - Taylor J. Ross
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | - James D. Sikes
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
| | | | | | - Laxmi Yeruva
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Resaarch Service, Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA; (F.R.); (B.Y.); (N.T.); (P.T.); (H.E.P.III); (B.L.F.); (T.J.R.); (J.D.S.)
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Elolimy A, Rosa F, Tripp P, Zeineldin M, Bowlin AK, Randolph C, Robeson MS, Yeruva L. Bacterial and Fungal Adaptations in Cecum and Distal Colon of Piglets Fed With Dairy-Based Milk Formula in Comparison With Human Milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:801854. [PMID: 35401465 PMCID: PMC8989072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.801854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to newborns during the first 6 months of life, whereas dairy-based infant formula is an alternative nutrition source offered to infants. Several studies demonstrated that breastfed infants have a different gut bacterial composition relative to formula-fed infants. In addition, animal models have shown that human milk (HM)–fed piglets had a distinct intestinal bacterial composition compared with milk formula (MF)–fed piglets. However, the gut fungal composition and the interactions with the bacterial community in breastfed compared with formula-fed infants remain to be investigated. In an attempt to evaluate such differences, we used an animal model to perform a shotgun metagenomics analysis on the cecal and distal colon contents of neonatal piglets fed with pasteurized HM or a dairy-based infant formula (MF) during the first 21 days of life. At postnatal day 21 (PND 21), a subset of piglets from each diet group (n = 11 per group) was euthanized. The remaining piglets in each group were weaned to a solid diet and euthanized at PND 51 (n = 13 per group). Large intestine contents (i.e., cecum and distal colon) were subjected to shotgun metagenomics analysis. The differential taxonomic composition of bacteria and fungi and the predicted functional gene profiling were evaluated. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria are the most abundant bacterial phyla observed in piglets at PND 21 and PND 51. In the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51, Proteobacteria phylum was significantly higher in MF-fed group, and species Burkholderiales bacterium of phyla was significantly higher in MF group relative to HM group. In addition, in HM group, several Lactobacillus spp. and Bacteroides spp. were higher relative to MF group in the large intestine at PND 21 and PND 51. Fungal genus Aspergillus was higher in MF, whereas Malassezia was lower relative to HM group. Persistent effects of the neonatal diets were observed at PND 51, where alpha- and beta-diversity differences were detected for bacterial and fungal species in the large intestine. Overall, our findings indicate that neonatal diet affects the large intestinal microbial community during the exclusive milk-feeding period, as well as after the introduction of the complementary food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elolimy
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fernanda Rosa
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Patricia Tripp
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mohamed Zeineldin
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Anne K. Bowlin
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher Randolph
- Center for Translational Pediatric Research, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Laxmi Yeruva
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Laxmi Yeruva,
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Gneiss C, Tripp P, Reichartseder F, Egg R, Ehling R, Lutterotti A, Khalil M, Kuenz B, Mayringer I, Reindl M, Berger T, Deisenhammer F. Differing immunogenic potentials of interferon beta preparations in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2016; 12:731-7. [PMID: 17263000 DOI: 10.1177/1352458506070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon beta (IFNβ) is a first-line therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, some patients experience a decline in efficacy with continued therapy due to the development of anti-IFNβ neutralizing antibodies (NAb). We investigated the frequency of NAb cross-sectionally in 846 MS patients who were receiving IFNβ-1b, IFNβ-1a im, or IFNβ-1a sc. The frequency of NAb in patients receiving IFNβ-1a im was lower (5%) than in patients treated with any other form of IFNβ (22-35%) (P < 0.0001). Binding antibodies (BAb) were measured in 808 patients. The frequency differed significantly between treatment groups, ranging from 45% (IFNβ-1a im) to 88% (IFNβ-1b). The proportion of NAb-positive patients within the BAb-positive group differed significantly among treatment groups, ranging between 12% (IFNβ-1a im) and 51% (IFNβ-1a sc). The median NAb titer from all IFNβ-1a-treated patients was higher than from IFNβ-1b-treated patients (446 versus 171 NU/mL, P = 0.04). Among NAb-positive patients, the frequency of NAb titers > 100 NU/mL was 71% for IFNβ-1a compared with 58% for IFNβ-1b (P = 0.04). Except for conflicting data regarding IFNβ-1a sc, the results are generally consistent with the literature and together with the differing proportion of NAb-positive patients within the BAb-positive group, provide further insight into the immunogeni-city of the IFNβ preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gneiss
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Lawton C, Shook S, Smith M, Tripp P, Shah A, Martin A, Kim H, Tai P, Nabid A, Kachnik L. RTOG Protocol 05-18: A Phase III Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Zoledronic Acid for the Prevention of Osteoporosis and Associated Fractures in Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy (RT) and Long-term Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone (LHRH) Agonist for High-grade and/or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Link J, Godlieb W, Tripp P, Deen N, Heinrich S, Kuipers J, Schönherr M, Peglow M. Comparison of fibre optical measurements and discrete element simulations for the study of granulation in a spout fluidized bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gneiss C, Tripp P, Ehling R, Khalil M, Lutterotti A, Egg R, Mayringer I, Künz B, Berger T, Reindl M, Deisenhammer F. Interferon-beta antibodies have a higher affinity in patients with neutralizing antibodies compared to patients with non-neutralizing antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 2006; 174:174-9. [PMID: 16556466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2005] [Revised: 01/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the affinity, determined by a relative affinity assay, using increasing concentrations of sodium-isothiocyanate to disrupt the antigen antibody binding of neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies against interferon-beta (IFNbeta)-1a and -1b in 73 serum samples of MS patients treated with IFNbeta-1a or -1b. Relative affinity values were significantly higher in NAB-positive compared to NAB-negative samples and in samples of IFNbeta-1a-treated patients compared to IFNbeta-1b. A significant positive correlation between relative affinity values and therapy duration indicates affinity maturation as another qualitative factor in IFNbeta neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gneiss
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Tripp P, Malhotra HK, Javle M, Shaukat A, Russo R, De Boer S, Podgorsak M, Nava H, Yang GY. Cardiac function after chemoradiation for esophageal cancer: comparison of heart dose-volume histogram parameters to multiple gated acquisition scan changes. Dis Esophagus 2005; 18:400-5. [PMID: 16336612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we determine if preoperative chemoradiation for locally advanced esophageal cancer leads to changes in cardiac ejection fraction. This is a retrospective review of 20 patients treated at our institution for esophageal cancer between 2000 and 2002. Multiple gated acquisition cardiac scans were obtained before and after platinum-based chemoradiation (50.4 Gy). Dose-volume histograms for heart, left ventricle and left anterior descending artery were analyzed. Outcomes assessed included pre- and postchemoradiation ejection fraction ratio and percentage change in ejection fraction postchemoradiation. A statistically significant difference was found between median prechemoradiation ejection fraction (59%) and postchemoradiation ejection fraction (54%) (P = 0.01), but the magnitude of the difference was not clinically significant. Median percentage volume of heart receiving more than 20, 30 and 40 Gy were 61.5%, 58.5% and 53.5%, respectively. Our data showed a clinically insignificant decline in ejection fraction following chemoradiation for esophageal cancer. We did not observe statistically or clinically significant associations between radiation dose to heart, left ventricle or left anterior descending artery and postchemoradiation ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tripp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Yang GY, Wharton K, Wagner TD, Donohue K, Tripp P, Khaghany K, Tompson G, Martin J, Hare G, Jaggernauth W. Pure tubular breast carcinoma: A study of outcomes from 1971–2004. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Y. Yang
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - K. Wharton
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - T. D. Wagner
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - K. Donohue
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - P. Tripp
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - K. Khaghany
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - G. Tompson
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - J. Martin
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - G. Hare
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
| | - W. Jaggernauth
- Roswell Park Cancer Inst, Buffalo, NY; Michigan State Univ, East Lansing, MI
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Oh M, Avadhani J, Malhotra H, Cunningham B, Tripp P, Jaggernauth W, Podgorsak M. TU-EE-A1-01: Accuracy of Clinical Dose Delivery in IOHDR Brachytherapy. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Brown DF, Risser RC, Bigio EH, Tripp P, Stiegler A, Welch E, Eagan KP, Hladik CL, White CL. Neocortical synapse density and Braak stage in the Lewy body variant of Alzheimer disease: a comparison with classic Alzheimer disease and normal aging. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998; 57:955-60. [PMID: 9786245 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199810000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Substantial numbers of cortical and subcortical Lewy bodies are seen in approximately one quarter of patients whose brains show sufficient histopathologic changes for a neuropathologic diagnosis of definite Alzheimer disease (AD). This subset of cases has been named the Lewy body variant of AD (LBV). Despite comparable dementia and the presence of neocortical senile plaques in LBV patients, the overall burden of neuropathologic changes, in particular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), is less than in classic AD. While NFT frequency correlates with dementia severity in classic AD, the cognitive impairment in patients with LBV cannot be completely explained by such changes. Since several studies have suggested a role for synapse loss in relation to dementia severity in classic AD, we decided to investigate the role of synapse loss as a candidate for the cognitive impairment of LBV. The Braak staging method is based upon the distribution and severity of neurofibrillary changes, and one therefore would expect LBV cases to be assigned to lower Braak stages. In the present study we assigned a Braak stage to 14 LBV cases, 31 classic AD cases, and a group of 10 non-demented aged controls. We compared the severity of synapse loss as determined by ELISA immunoassay for synaptophysin and Braak stage among the three diagnostic groups. When compared to normal controls, synaptophysin concentrations were statistically significantly lower in both demented groups. There was comparable synapse loss in LBV and AD despite significantly lower Braak stages in the LBV cases. These results suggest a major role for loss of synapses as the substrate of cognitive impairment in LBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75235-9073, USA
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Abstract
The potential for interactions between chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone, acepromazine and thiamylal and chloramphenicol, rifampin, and phenylbutazone were evaluated in two groups of experiments. In the first, five horses were given thiamylal intravenously (iv) (6.6 mg/kg) after pretreatment with acepromazine, and the time of recumbency was determined. Administration of chloramphenicol iv (25 mg/kg) 1 h prior to anaesthesia significantly lengthened the recumbency time from 21.8 +/- 4.8 mins to 36.0 +/- 8.3 mins. There was an apparent but not statistically significant decrease in recumbency time when phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg) was administered iv daily for 4 days prior to anaesthesia. In the second series of experiments, phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg), chloramphenicol (25 mg/kg) and rifampin (10 mg/kg) were administered in various sequences to five different horses. Chloramphenicol pretreatment produced a significant decrease in the elimination rate and rifampin a significant increase in the elimination rate of phenylbutazone. The half-life of elimination of phenylbutazone alone was about 4 h. Following four days pretreatment with rifampin it was approximately 2.7 h, it was approximately 5.6 h and 9.5 h, respectively, when chloramphenicol was administered in one dose 1 h before or two doses 12 h and 1 h before phenylbutazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Burrows
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078
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Tripp P. A comparative analysis of health care costs in three selected countries: the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia. Soc Sci Med Med Econ 1981; 15C:19-30. [PMID: 7244689 DOI: 10.1016/0160-7995(81)90005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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