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Arruda-Junior DF, Salles TA, Martins FL, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF, Gowdak LHW, Tavares CAM, Girardi AC. Unraveling the interplay between dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and the renin-angiotensin system in heart failure. Life Sci 2022; 305:120757. [PMID: 35780844 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence suggests the existence of a crosstalk between dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Therefore, combined inhibition of DPP4 and RAS may produce similar pharmacological effects rather than being additive. This study tested the hypothesis that combining an inhibitor of DPP4 with an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker does not provide additional cardioprotection compared to monotherapy in heart failure (HF) rats. MAIN METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to left ventricle (LV) radiofrequency ablation or sham operation. Six weeks after surgery, radiofrequency-ablated rats who developed HF were assigned into four groups and received vehicle (water), vildagliptin, valsartan, or both drugs, for four weeks by oral gavage. KEY FINDINGS Vildagliptin and valsartan in monotherapy reduced LV hypertrophy, alleviated cardiac interstitial fibrosis, and improved systolic and diastolic function in HF rats, with no additional effect of combination treatment. HF rats displayed higher cardiac and serum DPP4 activity and abundance than sham. Surprisingly, not only vildagliptin but also valsartan in monotherapy downregulated the catalytic function and expression levels of systemic and cardiac DPP4. Moreover, vildagliptin and valsartan alone or in combination comparably upregulate the components of the cardiac ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR while downregulating the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis. SIGNIFICANCE Vildagliptin or valsartan alone is as effective as combined to treat cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in experimental HF. DPP4 inhibition downregulates classic RAS components, and pharmacological RAS blockade downregulates DPP4 in the heart and serum of HF rats. This interplay between DPP4 and RAS may affect HF progression and pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Arruda-Junior
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago A Salles
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Martins
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique W Gowdak
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio A M Tavares
- Unidade de Cardiogeriatria, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Academic Research Organization (ARO), Hospital Israelita Albert Eistein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C Girardi
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Portes LA, dos Santos AA, Padovani CR, de Oliveira NC, Serra AJ, Tucci PJF. Swimming training attenuates the decrease of calcium responsiveness in female infarcted rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:923603. [PMID: 36072846 PMCID: PMC9441480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.923603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the influence of swimming training on calcium responsiveness of the myocardium of rats with different infarction sizes (MI). Method: female Wistar rats, sedentary sham (SS = 14), sedentary moderate MI (SMI = 8) and sedentary large MI (SLI = 10) were compared to trained sham (TS = 16), trained moderate MI (TMI = 9) and trained large MI (TLI = 10). After 4 weeks of MI, the animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for additional 8 weeks. Papillary muscles of the left ventricle were subjected to different concentrations of extracellular calcium. Inotropism was evaluated through the developed tension (DT), the maximum positive value of the first temporal derivation (+Td/td) and the time to peak tension (TPT). Lusitropism was evaluated by the maximum negative value of the first temporal derivation (−Td/td) and time to 50% relaxation (50%TR). Statistical significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance and a Hotelling T2 test for the absolute power values of all four extracellular calcium concentrations (p < 0.05). Results: MI depressed inotropism (from 17% to 51%) and lusitropism (from 22% to 54%) of the sedentary rats, but exercise attenuated the losses, especially regarding + dT/dt, TPT, −dT/dt and 50%TR. Exercise attenuated the decrease in myocardial responsiveness, proportionally to the size of the MI. Conclusion: Myocardial calcium responsiveness is favorably affected in animals with moderate and large MI after swimming exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Andrews Portes
- Professor at UNASP, Researcher at LAFEX, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Adventist University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leslie Andrews Portes,
| | - Alexandra Alberta dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioscience Institute, UNESP-State University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cristina de Oliveira
- Professor at UNASP, Researcher at LAFEX, Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Adventist University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Master Degree Program in Health Promotion at UNASP-Adventist University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. F. Tucci
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Feliciano RDS, Manchini MT, Atum ALB, da Silva GA, Antônio EL, Serra AJ, Tucci PJF, Andrade de Mello R, Chavantes MC, Baltatu OC, Silva Júnior JA. Photobiomodulation therapy's effects on cardiac fibrosis activation after experimental myocardial infarction. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:883-894. [PMID: 35366381 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and interventions to reduce myocardial infarction (MI) complications are widely researched. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has altered multiple biological processes in tissues and organs, including the heart. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the temporal effects of PBMT on cardiac fibrosis activation after MI in rats. In this proof-of-concept study, we monitored the change in expression patterns over time of genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the formation of cardiac fibrosis post-MI submitted to PBMT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental MI was induced, and PBMT was applied shortly after coronary artery ligation (laser light of wavelength 660 nm, 15 mW of power, energy density 22.5 J/cm2 , 60 seconds of application, irradiated area 0.785 cm2 , fluence 1.1 J/cm2 ). Ventricular septal samples were collected at 30 minutes, 3, 6, 24 hours, and 3 days post-MI to determine temporal PBMT's effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression associated with cardiac fibrosis activation and miRNAs expression. RESULTS PBMT, when applied after ischemia, reversed the changes in mRNA expression of myocardial extracellular matrix genes induced by MI. Surprisingly, PBMT modified cardiac miRNAs expression related to fibrosis replacement in the myocardium. Expression correlations between myocardial mRNAs were assessed. The correlation coefficient between miRNAs and target mRNAs was also determined. A positive correlation was detected among miR-21 and transforming growth factor beta-1 mRNA. The miR-29a expression negatively correlated to Col1a1, Col3a1, and MMP-2 mRNA expressions. In addition, we observed that miR-133 and Col1a1 mRNA were negatively correlated. CONCLUSION The results suggest that PBMT, through the modulation of gene transcription and miRNA expressions, can interfere in cardiac fibrosis activation after MI, mainly reversing the signaling pathway of profibrotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha T Manchini
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan L B Atum
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ednei L Antônio
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Andrade de Mello
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C Chavantes
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ovidiu C Baltatu
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University-Anima Institute, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - José A Silva Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho, UNINOVE, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tucci PJF. Short Editorial - Effect of Passive Smoking on Blood Pressure Response to Epinephrine and Felypressin in 1K1C Hypertensive Rats Treated or not with Atenolol. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:304. [PMID: 32215502 PMCID: PMC7077564 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Oliveira MS, Tanaka LY, Antonio EL, Brandizzi LI, Serra AJ, Dos Santos L, Krieger JE, Laurindo FRM, Tucci PJF. Hyperbaric oxygenation improves redox control and reduces mortality in the acute phase of myocardial infarction in a rat model. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1431-1438. [PMID: 32016473 PMCID: PMC7003025 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the mechanisms of action of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO), the chance of reducing injury by interfering with the mechanisms of redox homeostasis in the heart leads to the possibility of extending the period of viability of the myocardium at risk. This would benefit late interventions for reperfusion to the ischemic area. The objective of the present study was to investigate the changes in the redox system associated with HBO therapy maintained during the first hour after coronary occlusion in an acute myocardial infarction (MI) rat model. Surviving male rats (n=105) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Sham (SH=26), myocardial infarction (MI=45) and infarction+hyperbaric therapy (HBO=34, 1 h at 2.5 atm). After 90 min of coronary occlusion, a sample of the heart was collected for western blot analysis of total protein levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxiredoxin and 3‑nitrotyrosine. Glutathione was measured by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The detection of the superoxide radical anion was carried out by oxidation of dihydroethidium analyzed with confocal microscopy. The mortality rate of the MI group was significantly higher than that of the HBO group. No difference was noted in the myocardial infarction size. The oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio and peroxiredoxin were significantly higher in the SH and MI when compared to the HBO group. Superoxide dismutase enzymes and catalase were significantly higher in the HBO group compared to the MI and SH groups. 3‑Nitrotyrosine and the superoxide radical were significantly lower in the HBO group compared to these in the MI and SH groups. These data demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygenation therapy decreased mortality by improving redox control in the hearts of rats in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario S Oliveira
- Division of Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403‑900, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Division of Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Laura I Brandizzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403‑900, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Division of Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Espírito Santo 29043‑215, Brazil
| | - José E Krieger
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403‑900, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05403‑900, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Division of Cardiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039‑032, Brazil
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Picollo CT, Santos AAD, Antonio EL, Silva JMA, Bocalini D, Serra AJ, Ihara SSM, Tucci PJF. Digitoxin Attenuates Heart Failure, Reduces Myocardial Hypertrophy, and Preserves the Calcium-Binding Proteins in Infarcted Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:265-272. [PMID: 31714152 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419887708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that digitoxin prolongs the survival of rats with heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we evaluated the effect of digitoxin on myocardial structure, ventricular function, and proteins involved in calcium kinetics. Seventy-two rats with MI >35% of the left ventricle were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups: sham (n = 15), digitoxin (n = 11), infarction (n = 20), and infarction + digitoxin (n = 26). The rats were assessed 120 days after surgery by echocardiogram, hemodynamics, papillary muscle mechanics, collagen content, cardiomyocyte nuclear volume, and Western blot analysis of proteins involved in calcium kinetics. Digitoxin was administered via the rat chow. Two-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons. Myocardial infarction caused inotropic impairment, pulmonary congestion, increase of nuclear volume, myocardial collagen, and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger levels, and decreased SERCA2 and phosphorylated phospholamban levels. Treatment with digitoxin showed improvements in cardiac remodeling, inotropism, ventricular performance, pulmonary congestion, collagen accumulation, nuclear volume, and proteins involved in calcium kinetics. In rats with heart failure due to MI, long-term treatment with digitoxin attenuates congestive heart failure, mitigates myocardial remodeling and contractile impairment, and preserves myocardial levels of proteins involved in calcium kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila T Picollo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra A Dos Santos
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo M A Silva
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrey Jorge Serra
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia S M Ihara
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Veiga ECA, Antônio EL, Santos AA, Lemes B, Bocalini DS, Picollo C, Levy RF, Martins FL, Girardi ACC, Serra AJ, Tucci PJF. Delayed Reperfusion-Coronary Artery Reperfusion Close to Complete Myocardial Necrosis Benefits Remote Myocardium and Is Enhanced by Exercise. Front Physiol 2019; 10:157. [PMID: 30899225 PMCID: PMC6416202 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the effects of reperfusion of a distant coronary artery on cardiac function, the ultrastructure, and the molecular environment of the remote myocardium immediately after the completion of myocardial regional necrosis: delayed reperfusion (DR). Additionally, the effects of prior exercise on the outcomes of DR were investigated. Female rats with permanent occlusion or delayed reperfusion were randomly assigned to an exercise (swimming, 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) or sedentary protocol. Thus, the study included the following four groups: sedentary permanent occlusion, exercise permanent occlusion, sedentary delayed reperfusion, and exercise delayed reperfusion. The descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 h. Reperfusion was confirmed by contrast echocardiography, and the rats were observed for 4 weeks. Permanent occlusion and DR caused similar myocardial infarction sizes among the four groups. Interestingly, exercise significantly decreased the mortality rate. Delayed reperfusion resulted in significant benefits, including enhanced hemodynamics and papillary muscle contraction, as well as reduced apoptosis and collagen content. Protein calcium kinetics did not change. Meanwhile, developed tension and the Frank–Starling mechanism were enhanced, suggesting that calcium sensitivity was intensified in myofilaments. Remarkable remote myocardial benefits occurred after distant DR, and prior exercise intensified cardiac recovery. Our findings provide valuable information about DR. Our data might explain the better clinical outcomes in recent studies showing that late reperfusion could improve heart failure in patients with myocardial infarction. In conclusion, DR has remote myocardial benefits, including inotropism enhancement, pulmonary congestion reduction, and collagen and apoptosis attenuation, which are enhanced by prior exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C A Veiga
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antônio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra A Santos
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brunno Lemes
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Center of physical education and sports, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Camila Picollo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosely F Levy
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Flavia L Martins
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Castello Costa Girardi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiac Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Manchini MT, Antônio EL, Silva Junior JA, de Carvalho PDTC, Albertini R, Pereira FC, Feliciano R, Montemor J, Vieira SS, Grandinetti V, Yoshizaki A, Chaves M, da Silva MP, de Lima RDN, Bocalini DS, de Melo BL, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Low-Level Laser Application in the Early Myocardial Infarction Stage Has No Beneficial Role in Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:23. [PMID: 28194115 PMCID: PMC5278498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been targeted as a promising approach that can mitigate post-infarction cardiac remodeling. There is some interesting evidence showing that the beneficial role of the LLLT could persist long-term even after the end of the application, but it remains to be systematically evaluated. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that LLLT beneficial effects in the early post-infarction cardiac remodeling could remain in overt heart failure even with the disruption of irradiations. Female Wistar rats were subjected to the coronary occlusion to induce myocardial infarction or Sham operation. A single LLLT application was carried out after 60 s and 3 days post-coronary occlusion, respectively. Echocardiography was performed 3 days and at the end of the experiment (5 weeks) to evaluate cardiac function. After the last echocardiographic examination, LV hemodynamic evaluation was performed at baseline and on sudden afterload increases. Compared with the Sham group, infarcted rats showed increased systolic and diastolic internal diameter as well as a depressed shortening fraction of LV. The only benefit of the LLLT was a higher shortening fraction after 3 days of infarction. However, treated-LLLT rats show a lower shortening fraction in the 5th week of study when compared with Sham and non-irradiated rats. A worsening of cardiac function was confirmed in the hemodynamic analysis as evidenced by the higher LV end-diastolic pressure and lower +dP/dt and −dP/dt with five weeks of study. Cardiac functional reserve was also impaired by infarction as evidenced by an attenuated response of stroke work index and cardiac output to a sudden afterload stress, without LLLT repercussions. No significant differences were found in the myocardial expression of Akt1/VEGF pathway. Collectively, these findings illustrate that LLLT improves LV systolic function in the early post-infarction cardiac remodeling. However, this beneficial effect may be dependent on the maintenance of phototherapy. Long-term studies with LLLT application are needed to establish whether these effects ultimately translate into improved cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha T Manchini
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antônio
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Regiane Albertini
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Pereira
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Feliciano
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jairo Montemor
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella S Vieira
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Grandinetti
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Yoshizaki
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Chaves
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Móises P da Silva
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Translational Physiology Laboratory, Brazil Physical Education and Aging Science Program, São Judas Tadeu University São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno L de Melo
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Laboratory of Biophotonic, Nove de Julho University, São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cardiac Physiology, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Serra AJ, Brito WF, Antonio EL, Santana ET, Bocalini DS, dos Santos LFN, Deana AM, Rambo CSDM, de Carvalho PDTC, Silva JA, Tucci PJF. To be or not to be physically active: Insights for a real chance to have an appropriate body mass in a sample of teachers. Work 2016; 52:441-6. [PMID: 26409373 DOI: 10.3233/wor-152130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and being overweight/obese are inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of excess body weight (EBW) and its association with daily PA level in a sample of 1506 Brazilian teachers. METHODS The PA level was analyzed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and EBW was categorized as a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and called 'overweight'. Chi-squared test and odds ratios (OR) were applied in the analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of persons who were overweight was lower as a function of higher PA levels and higher PA levels resulted in a lower prevalence of overweight for men and women, respectively. The authors found that for men, moderate (OR: 1.69; P = 0.03) and high (OR: 2.57; P = 0.002) PA levels were predictive for being in the normal body mass index (BMI) range. In women, a greater association of being in the normal BMI range was reported only for a moderate PA level (OR: 1.43; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Higher daily PA levels are associated with being in the normal BMI range. To date, these findings will have important public health implications for an effective plan for the prevention of weight gain in Brazilian teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey J Serra
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellington F Brito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T Santana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física da Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis F N dos Santos
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M Deana
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada as Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José A Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação da Universidade Nove de Julho (Uninove), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Melo BL, Vieira SS, Antônio EL, Dos Santos LFN, Portes LA, Feliciano RS, de Oliveira HA, Silva JA, de Carvalho PDTC, Tucci PJF, Serra AJ. Exercise Training Attenuates Right Ventricular Remodeling in Rats with Pulmonary Arterial Stenosis. Front Physiol 2016; 7:541. [PMID: 27994552 PMCID: PMC5136544 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary arterial stenosis (PAS) is a congenital defect that causes outflow tract obstruction of the right ventricle (RV). Currently, negative issues are reported in the PAS management: not all patients may be eligible to surgeries; there is often the need for another surgery during passage to adulthood; patients with mild stenosis may have later cardiac adverse repercussions. Thus, the search for approaches to counteract the long-term PAS effects showed to be a current target. At the study herein, we evaluated the cardioprotective role of exercise training in rats submitted to PAS for 9 weeks. Methods and Results: Exercise resulted in improved physical fitness and systolic RV function. Exercise also blunted concentric cavity changes, diastolic dysfunction, and fibrosis induced by PAS. Exercise additional benefits were also reported in a pro-survival signal, in which there were increased Akt1 activity and normalized myocardial apoptosis. These findings were accompanied by microRNA-1 downregulation and microRNA-21 upregulation. Moreover, exercise was associated with a higher myocardial abundance of the sarcomeric protein α-MHC and proteins that modulate calcium handling—ryanodine receptor and Serca 2, supporting the potential role of exercise in improving myocardial performance. Conclusion: Our results represent the first demonstration that exercise can attenuate the RV remodeling in an experimental PAS. The cardioprotective effects were associated with positive modulation of RV function, survival signaling pathway, apoptosis, and proteins involved in the regulation of myocardial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunno Lemes de Melo
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stella S Vieira
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antônio
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís F N Dos Santos
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leslie A Portes
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José A Silva
- Biophotonic Laboratory, Nove de Julho University São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil; Biophotonic Laboratory, Nove de Julho UniversitySão Paulo, Brazil
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Santana ET, Feliciano RDS, Serra AJ, Brigidio E, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF, Nathanson L, Morris M, Silva JA. Comparative mRNA and MicroRNA Profiling during Acute Myocardial Infarction Induced by Coronary Occlusion and Ablation Radio-Frequency Currents. Front Physiol 2016; 7:565. [PMID: 27932994 PMCID: PMC5123550 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery is the most commonly used experimental model to induce myocardial infarction (MI) in rodents. A high mortality in the acute phase and the heterogeneity of the size of the MI obtained are drawbacks recognized in this model. In an attempt to solve the problem, our group recently developed a new MI experimental model which is based on application of myocardial ablation radio-frequency currents (AB-RF) that yielded MI with homogeneous sizes and significantly reduce acute mortality. In addition, cardiac structural, and functional changes aroused by AB-RF were similar to those seen in animals with MI induced by coronary artery ligation. Herein, we compared mRNA expression of genes that govern post-MI milieu in occlusion and ablation models. We analyzed 48 mRNAs expressions of nine different signal transduction pathways (cell survival and metabolism signs, matrix extracellular, cell cycle, oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium signaling, hypertrophy markers, angiogenesis, and inflammation) in rat left ventricle 1 week after MI generated by both coronary occlusion and AB-RF. Furthermore, high-throughput miRNA analysis was also assessed in both MI procedures. Interestingly, mRNA expression levels and miRNA expressions showed strong similarities between both models after MI, with few specificities in each model, activating similar signal transduction pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of genomic alterations of mRNA and miRNA contents after two different MI procedures and identifies key signaling regulators modulating the pathophysiology of these two models that might culminate in heart failure. Furthermore, these analyses may contribute with the current knowledge concerning transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes of AB-RF protocol, arising as an alternative and effective MI method that reproduces most changes seem in coronary occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo T Santana
- Rehabilitation Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regiane Dos Santos Feliciano
- Biophotonics Department, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil; Medicine Department, Universidade Nove de JulhoSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrey J Serra
- Biophotonics Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Brigidio
- Medicine Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Cardiac Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Cardiac Physiology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Mariana Morris
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - José A Silva
- Medicine Department, Universidade Nove de Julho São Paulo, Brazil
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Arruda-Junior DF, Martins FL, Dariolli R, Jensen L, Antonio EL, Dos Santos L, Tucci PJF, Girardi ACC. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibition Exerts Renoprotective Effects in Rats with Established Heart Failure. Front Physiol 2016; 7:293. [PMID: 27462276 PMCID: PMC4941796 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) activity is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes in humans and experimental heart failure (HF) models, suggesting that DPPIV may play a role in the pathophysiology of this syndrome. Renal dysfunction is one of the key features of HF, but it remains to be determined whether DPPIV inhibitors are capable of improving cardiorenal function after the onset of HF. Therefore, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that DPPIV inhibition by vildagliptin improves renal water and salt handling and exerts anti-proteinuric effects in rats with established HF. To this end, male Wistar rats were subjected to left ventricle (LV) radiofrequency ablation or sham operation. Six weeks after surgery, radiofrequency-ablated rats who developed HF were randomly divided into two groups and treated for 4 weeks with vildagliptin (120 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage. Echocardiography was performed before (pretreatment) and at the end of treatment (post-treatment) to evaluate cardiac function. The fractional area change (FAC) increased (34 ± 5 vs. 45 ± 3%, p < 0.05), and the isovolumic relaxation time decreased (33 ± 2 vs. 27 ± 1 ms; p < 0.05) in HF rats treated with vildagliptin (post-treatment vs. pretreatment). On the other hand, cardiac dysfunction deteriorated further in vehicle-treated HF rats. Renal function was impaired in vehicle-treated HF rats as evidenced by fluid retention, low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and high levels of urinary protein excretion. Vildagliptin treatment restored urinary flow, GFR, urinary sodium and urinary protein excretion to sham levels. Restoration of renal function in HF rats by DPPIV inhibition was associated with increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) serum concentration, reduced DPPIV activity and increased activity of protein kinase A in the renal cortex. Furthermore, the anti-proteinuric effect of vildagliptin treatment in rats with established HF was associated with upregulation of the apical proximal tubule endocytic receptor megalin and of the podocyte main slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that DPPIV inhibition exerts renoprotective effects and ameliorates cardiorenal function in rats with established HF. Long-term studies with DPPIV inhibitors are needed to ascertain whether these effects ultimately translate into improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia L Martins
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Dariolli
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Jensen
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ednei L Antonio
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo Vitória, Brazil
| | - Paulo J F Tucci
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana C C Girardi
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School São Paulo, Brazil
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Santos MHH, de Lourdes Higuchi M, Tucci PJF, Garavelo SM, Reis MM, Antonio EL, Serra AJ, Maranhão RC. Previous exercise training increases levels of PPAR-α in long-term post-myocardial infarction in rats, which is correlated with better inflammatory response. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2016; 71:163-8. [PMID: 27074178 PMCID: PMC4785847 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2016(03)08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise is a protective factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with unclear mechanisms. Changing the myocardial metabolism causes harmful consequences for heart function and exercise contributes to metabolic adjustment modulation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are also myocardium metabolism regulators capable of decreasing the inflammatory response. We hypothesized that PPAR-α is involved in the beneficial effects of previous exercise on myocardial infarction (MI) and cardiac function, changing the expression of metabolic and inflammatory response regulators and reducing myocardial apoptosis, which partially explains the better outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercised rats engaged in swimming sessions for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Both the exercised rats and sedentary rats were randomized to MI surgery and followed for 1 week (EI1 or SI1) or 4 weeks (EI4 or SI4) of healing or to sham groups. Echocardiography was employed to detect left ventricular function and the infarct size. Additionally, the TUNEL technique was used to assess apoptosis and immunohistochemistry was used to quantitatively analyze the PPAR-α, TNF-α and NF-κB antigens in the infarcted and non-infarcted myocardium. MI-related mortality was higher in SI4 than in EI4 (25% vs 12%), without a difference in MI size. SI4 exhibited a lower shortening fraction than EI4 did (24% vs 35%) and a higher apoptosis/area rate (3.97±0.61 vs 1.90±1.82) in infarcted areas (both p=0.001). Immunohistochemistry also revealed higher TNF-α levels in SI1 than in EI1 (9.59 vs 4.09, p<0.001) in infarcted areas. In non-infarcted areas, EI4 showed higher levels of TNF-α and positive correlations between PPAR-α and NF-κB (r=0.75, p=0.02), in contrast to SI4 (r=0.05, p=0.87). CONCLUSION Previously exercised animals had better long-term ventricular function post-MI, in addition to lower levels of local inflammatory markers and less myocardial apoptosis, which seemed to be related to the presence of PPAR-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Harumi Higuchi Santos
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
- E-mail:
| | - Maria de Lourdes Higuchi
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Shérrira M Garavelo
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia M Reis
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raul Cavalcante Maranhão
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Laboratório de Patologia Cardíaca, São Paulo/, SP, Brazil
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Giampá SQ, Mônico-Neto M, Souza HS, Mello MT, Antônio EL, Serra AJ, Tucci PJF, Antunes HKM. Effects Of High-intensity Resistance Training In Cardiac And Hormonal Parameters Of Sleep Deprived Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494154.88675.3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Melo SFS, Fernandes T, Baraúna VG, Matos KC, Santos AAS, Tucci PJF, Oliveira EM. Expression of MicroRNA-29 and Collagen in Cardiac Muscle after Swimming Training in Myocardial-Infarcted Rats. Cell Physiol Biochem 2014; 33:657-69. [PMID: 24642957 DOI: 10.1159/000358642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by cardiac growth, increased collagen deposition, cell death and new vascularization of the cardiac tissue, which results in reduced ventricular compliance. The MiRNA-29 family (29a, 29b, and 29c) targets mRNAs that encode collagens and other proteins involved in fibrosis. In this study we assessed the effects of swimming training (ST) on expression of the cardiac miRNA-29 family and on genes encoding collagen after MI in rats. METHODS ST consisted of 60 min/day/10 weeks and began four weeks after MI. MiRNA and collagen expression analysis were performed in the infarcted region (IR), border region (BR) of the infarcted region and in the remote myocardium (RM) of the left ventricle. RESULTS MiRNA-29a expression increased 32% in BR and 52% in RM in the TR-INF compared with SED-INF. MiRNA-29c increased by 63% in BR and 55% in RM in TR-INF compared with SED-INF group. COL IAI and COL IIIAI decreased by 63% and 62% in TR-INF, respectively, compared with SED-INF. COLIIIAI expression decreased by 16% in TR-INF compared with SED-INF. CONCLUSION Altogether, our results showed that ST restores cardiac miRNA-29 (a and c) levels and prevents COL IAI and COL IIIAI expression in BR and RM, which may contribute to the improvement in ventricular function induced by swimming training, after MI. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphano F S Melo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, Department of Human Movement Biodynamic, School of Physical Education and Sport University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Inoue BH, dos Santos L, Pessoa TD, Antonio EL, Pacheco BPM, Savignano FA, Carraro-Lacroix LR, Tucci PJF, Malnic G, Girardi ACC. Increased NHE3 abundance and transport activity in renal proximal tubule of rats with heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 302:R166-74. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00127.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with a reduced effective circulating volume that drives sodium and water retention and extracellular volume expansion. We therefore hypothesized that Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3), the major apical transcellular pathway for sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule, is upregulated in an experimental model of HF. HF was induced in male rats by left ventricle radiofrequency ablation. Sham-operated rats (sham) were used as controls. At 6 wk after surgery, HF rats exhibited cardiac dysfunction with a dramatic increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. By means of stationary in vivo microperfusion and pH-dependent sodium uptake, we demonstrated that NHE3 transport activity was significantly higher in the proximal tubule of HF compared with sham rats. Increased NHE3 activity was paralleled by increased renal cortical NHE3 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. In addition, the baseline PKA-dependent NHE3 phosphorylation at serine 552 was reduced in renal cortical membranes of rats with HF. Collectively, these results suggest that NHE3 is upregulated in the proximal tubule of HF rats by transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational mechanisms. Enhanced NHE3-mediated sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule may contribute to extracellular volume expansion and edema, the hallmark feature of HF. Moreover, our study emphasizes the importance of undertaking a cardiorenal approach to contain progression of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna H. Inoue
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES
| | - Thaissa D. Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; and
| | - Ednei L. Antonio
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo J. F. Tucci
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Malnic
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo; and
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Veiga ECA, Antonio EL, Bocalini DS, Murad N, Abreu LC, Tucci PJF, Sato MA. Prior exercise training does not prevent acute cardiac alterations after myocardial infarction in female rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:889-93. [PMID: 21789396 PMCID: PMC3109391 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000500028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether previous exercise training could prevent or attenuate acute cardiac alterations after myocardial infarction. METHODS Female rats were submitted to swim training (1 h/day; 5 days/week) or allowed to remain sedentary for 8 weeks. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to left coronary artery occlusion or sham surgery. After this procedure, the rats remained sedentary for one week until euthanasia. Cardiac structural and functional analyses were performed using Doppler echocardiography. The rats that had a moderate or large infarct size were included in the evaluations. The data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA model followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS After the surgery, no significant difference between the exercise and sedentary groups was observed in the left ventricular infarct sizes (34.58 ± 3.04 vs. 37.59 ± 3.07). In another group of rats evaluated with Evans blue 1 h after myocardial infarction, no siginificant difference in the area at risk was observed between the exercised and sedentary rats (49.73 ± 1.52 vs. 45.48 ± 3.49). The changes in the left ventricular fractional areas for the exercised and sedentary myocardial infarction groups (36 ± 2% and 39 ± 3%, respectively) were smaller than those for the exercise sham surgery (ES, 67 ± 1%) and sedentary sham surgery (SS, 69 ± 2%) groups. The E/A was higher in the sedentary myocardial infarction (4.4 ± 0.3) and exercised myocardial infarction (5.5 ± 0.3) rats than in the SS (2.4 ± 0.1) and ES (2.2 ± 0.1) rats. CONCLUSION Previous swim training of female rats does not attenuate systolic and diastolic function alterations after myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery occlusion, suggesting that cardioprotection cannot be provided by exercise training in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C A Veiga
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology division. Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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dos Santos L, Antonio EL, Souza AFM, Tucci PJF. Use of afterload hemodynamic stress as a practical method for assessing cardiac performance in rats with heart failure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 88:724-32. [PMID: 20651820 DOI: 10.1139/y10-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction, the hemodynamics under basal conditions might appear to be unaltered, which makes it difficult to identify cardiac dysfunction by the usual approaches. Thus, we tested the response to sudden afterload stress in infarcted rats with apparently normal ejection function. Control (CT) and infarcted (MI) Wistar rats with various MI sizes were submitted to echocardiography 30 days after coronary occlusion, followed by assessment of hemodynamics under basal conditions and during a pharmacologically induced sudden pressure overload (phenylephrine 15-25 microg/kg, i.v.). Coronary occlusion resulted in cardiac remodeling proportional to MI size, although several functional parameters such as systolic pressure (SP), stroke volume (SV), and stroke work (SW) of all MI rats were similar to those of CT rats. However, the afterload stress that was produced led to a relative preservation of SV and an increase of SW in CT rats; MI rats exhibited a significant reduction in SV and SW generation, although global cardiac function was normal under basal conditions, as indicated by regular echocardiography and hemodynamics assessment. Thus, we propose the use of sudden pharmacologically induced afterload stress as a practical and efficient procedure for identifying impaired performance of the heart in anesthetized rats, providing an additional physiological variable to be evaluated in experimental therapeutic studies.
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Serra AJ, Santos MHH, Bocalini DS, Antônio EL, Levy RF, Santos AA, Higuchi ML, Silva JA, Magalhães FC, Baraúna VG, Krieger JE, Tucci PJF. Exercise training inhibits inflammatory cytokines and more than prevents myocardial dysfunction in rats with sustained beta-adrenergic hyperactivity. J Physiol 2010; 588:2431-42. [PMID: 20442263 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction occur in response to excessive catecholaminergic drive. Adverse cardiac remodelling is associated with activation of proinflammatory cytokines in the myocardium. To test the hypothesis that exercise training can prevent myocardial dysfunction and production of proinflammatory cytokines induced by beta-adrenergic hyperactivity, male Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following four groups: sedentary non-treated (Con); sedentary isoprenaline treated (Iso); exercised non-treated (Ex); and exercised plus isoprenaline (Iso+Ex). Echocardiography, haemodynamic measurements and isolated papillary muscle were used for functional evaluations. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were used to quantify tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) in the tissue. NF-B expression in the nucleus was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The Iso rats showed a concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV). These animals exhibited marked increases in LV end-diastolic pressure and impaired myocardial performance in vitro, with a reduction in the developed tension and maximal rate of tension increase and decrease, as well as worsened recruitment of the Frank-Starling mechanism. Both gene and protein levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6, as well as TGF-beta(1) mRNA, were increased. In addition, the NF-B expression in the Iso group was significantly raised. In the Iso+Ex group, the exercise training had the following effects: (1) it prevented LV hypertrophy; (ii) it improved myocardial contractility; (3) it avoided the increase of proinflammatory cytokines and improved interleukin-10 levels; and (4) it attenuated the increase of TGF-beta(1) mRNA. Thus, exercise training in a model of beta-adrenergic hyperactivity can avoid the adverse remodelling of the LV and inhibit inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the cardioprotection is related to beneficial effects on myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey J Serra
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Bocalini DS, Carvalho EVA, de Sousa AFM, Levy RF, Tucci PJF. Exercise training-induced enhancement in myocardial mechanics is lost after 2 weeks of detraining in rats. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:909-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gonçalves GA, Vassallo PF, dos Santos L, Schettert IT, Nakamuta JS, Becker C, Tucci PJF, Krieger JE. Intramyocardial transplantation of fibroblasts expressing vascular endothelial growth factor attenuates cardiac dysfunction. Gene Ther 2009; 17:305-14. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2009.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Costa AR, Torres LB, Medei E, Ricardo RA, França JP, Smaili S, Nascimento JHM, Oshiro MEM, Bassani JWM, Ferreira AT, Tucci PJF. The negative inotropic action of canrenone is mediated by L-type calcium current blockade and reduced intracellular calcium transients. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:580-7. [PMID: 19663883 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adding spironolactone to standard therapy in heart failure reduces morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We analysed the effect of canrenone, the major active metabolite of spironolactone, on myocardial contractility and intracellular calcium homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Left ventricular papillary muscles and cardiomyocytes were isolated from male Wistar rats. Contractility of papillary muscles was assessed with force transducers, Ca(2+) transients by fluorescence and Ca(2+) fluxes by electrophysiological techniques. KEY RESULTS Canrenone (300-600 micromol L(-1)) reduced developed tension, maximum rate of tension increase and maximum rate of tension decay of papillary muscles. In cardiomyocytes, canrenone (50 micromol L(-1)) reduced cell shortening and L-type Ca(2+) channel current, whereas steady-state activation and inactivation, and reactivation curves were unchanged. Canrenone also decreased the Ca(2+) content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, intracellular Ca(2+) transient amplitude and intracellular diastolic Ca(2+) concentration. However, the time course of [Ca(2+)](i) decline during transients evoked by caffeine was not affected by canrenone. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Canrenone reduced L-type Ca(2+) channel current, amplitude of intracellular Ca(2+) transients and Ca(2+) content of sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiomyocytes. These changes are likely to underlie the negative inotropic effect of canrenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Costa
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nakamuta JS, Danoviz ME, Marques FLN, dos Santos L, Becker C, Gonçalves GA, Vassallo PF, Schettert IT, Tucci PJF, Krieger JE. Cell therapy attenuates cardiac dysfunction post myocardial infarction: effect of timing, routes of injection and a fibrin scaffold. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6005. [PMID: 19547700 PMCID: PMC2695782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell therapy approaches for biologic cardiac repair hold great promises, although basic fundamental issues remain poorly understood. In the present study we examined the effects of timing and routes of administration of bone marrow cells (BMC) post-myocardial infarction (MI) and the efficacy of an injectable biopolymer scaffold to improve cardiac cell retention and function. Methodology/Principal Findings 99mTc-labeled BMC (6×106 cells) were injected by 4 different routes in adult rats: intravenous (IV), left ventricular cavity (LV), left ventricular cavity with temporal aorta occlusion (LV+) to mimic coronary injection, and intramyocardial (IM). The injections were performed 1, 2, 3, or 7 days post-MI and cell retention was estimated by γ-emission counting of the organs excised 24 hs after cell injection. IM injection improved cell retention and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, whereas IV, LV or LV* routes were somewhat inefficient (<1%). Cardiac BMC retention was not influenced by timing except for the IM injection that showed greater cell retention at 7 (16%) vs. 1, 2 or 3 (average of 7%) days post-MI. Cardiac cell retention was further improved by an injectable fibrin scaffold at day 3 post-MI (17 vs. 7%), even though morphometric and function parameters evaluated 4 weeks later displayed similar improvements. Conclusions/Significance These results show that cells injected post-MI display comparable tissue distribution profile regardless of the route of injection and that there is no time effect for cardiac cell accumulation for injections performed 1 to 3 days post-MI. As expected the IM injection is the most efficient for cardiac cell retention, it can be further improved by co-injection with a fibrin scaffold and it significantly attenuates cardiac dysfunction evaluated 4 weeks post myocardial infarction. These pharmacokinetic data obtained under similar experimental conditions are essential for further development of these novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S. Nakamuta
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria E. Danoviz
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio L. N. Marques
- Radiopharmacy Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Center, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo dos Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Becker
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana A. Gonçalves
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula F. Vassallo
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isolmar T. Schettert
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo J. F. Tucci
- Cardiac Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E. Krieger
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Antonio EL, Dos Santos AA, Araujo SRR, Bocalini DS, Dos Santos L, Fenelon G, Franco MF, Tucci PJF. Left ventricle radio-frequency ablation in the rat: a new model of heart failure due to myocardial infarction homogeneous in size and low in mortality. J Card Fail 2009; 15:540-8. [PMID: 19643366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the current study was to create a model of myocardial infarction (MI) that is homogeneous in size with a low immediate (24 hours) mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS Male and female rats (n = 256) underwent left ventricle (LV) ablation (Ab) by a radiofrequency current (1000 kHz; 12 watts for 12 seconds) to promote a MI. A transmural MI occurred in all rats. Post-Ab complex arrhythmias were frequent (atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, and fibrillation), which rapidly and spontaneously reverted to sinus rhythm. Among 66 male rats, immediate mortality occurred in 7.5%. Small MI size dispersion was characterized by smaller variability following Ab (x +/- SD: 45 +/- 8%) when compared with coronary occlusion (Oc; 40 +/- 19%). The histopathologic evaluations identified lesions similar to those which occurred following Oc, with scarring complete at 4 weeks. The hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiograms showed comparable increases in LV dimension, end-diastolic pressure, and pulmonary water content 1 and 4 weeks post-MI. Papillary muscle mechanics 6 weeks post-MI had matched inotropic and lusitropic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS LV Ab gave rise to a MI within a narrow size limit and with a low immediate mortality. LV Ab resulted in histopathologic evolution, ventricular dilation, and dysfunction, impairment in myocardial mechanics, and congestive outcome that reproduced a MI from Oc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ednei L Antonio
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil
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dos Santos L, Serra AJ, Antônio EL, Hull HF, Tucci PJF. Hyperbaric oxygenation applied immediately after coronary occlusion reduces myocardial necrosis and acute mortality in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 36:594-8. [PMID: 19673946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Because in ischaemia there is a critical lack of O2, it has been reasoned that increasing O2 delivery to the ischaemic myocardium could serve as adjunctive therapy for acute myocardial infarction (MI). Accordingly, in the present study, the effect of early hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on mortality and MI size after coronary occlusion was examined in rats. 2. After coronary occlusion, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive either HBO for 1 h in a hyperbaric chamber (100% O(2) at 253 kPa; n = 106) or ambient O2 as the control (n = 111). The extent of myocardial necrosis was assessed (triphenyltetrazolium) immediately after treatment in the HBO (n = 50) and control (n = 47) groups. The remaining rats were evaluated 24 h after occlusion to enable calculation of MI size and mortality. 3. Immediately after therapy, the size of the MI was significantly greater in the control group compared with that in the HBO group (40 +/- 3 vs 27 +/- 2% of the left ventricle (LV), respectively; P < 0.001). The 24 h mortality of control rats was higher than that of HBO rats (34 vs 16%, respectively; P = 0.02). Control rats that survived 24 h had a larger MI than did HBO rats that survived 24 h (40 +/- 4 vs 29 +/- 3% of the LV, respectively; P = 0.005). Furthermore, large necrotic areas (> 40% of the LV) were more frequent in control than HBO rats (55 vs 27% of infarcted hearts, respectively; P = 0.01). There was less pulmonary congestion observed in HBO rats compared with control rats. 4. In conclusion, early therapy with HBO during the onset of an acute ischaemic event decreases the necrotic area and reduces acute mortality. These data support further investigation of HBO as an adjuvant therapy for acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo dos Santos
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine ,Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tucci PJF, Faber CN, dos Santos L, Antonio EL. Slow inotropic response of intact left ventricle to sudden dilation critically depends on a myocardial dialysable factor. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:515-6. [PMID: 17439424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Slow inotropic response following a sudden myocardium stretch seems to be an autocrine/paracrine mechanism the basis of which is not yet completely defined. 2. We compared the canine left ventricle (LV) response to sudden dilation when the LV was supported by the arterial blood of a support dog with when it was supported by an oxygenator + haemodialyser system. 3. A slow inotropic response (SIR) after dilation was seen in all six hearts supported by the donor dog, attaining 87 +/- 6% of immediate increase, whereas a mere 10% SIR occurred in only one out of seven hearts maintained by the oxygenator + haemodialyser. 4. These results indicate that SIR genesis involves one or more renewable components essential to the intracellular calcium gain elicited by stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J F Tucci
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Flumignan RLG, Kanashiro RM, Saraiva RM, Portes LA, Antonio EL, Ishigai MMS, Tucci PJF. Incidence of heart failure in infarcted rats that die spontaneously. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:1323-8. [PMID: 16941055 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006001000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports for the first time the incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) in previously infarcted rats that died spontaneously. Previously, pulmonary (PWC) and hepatic (HWC) water contents were determined in normal rats: 14 control animals were evaluated immediately after sacrifice, 8 placed in a refrigerator for 24 h, and 10 left at room temperature for 24 h. In the infarcted group, 9 rats died before (acute) and 28 died 48 h after (chronic) myocardial infarction. Thirteen chronic animals were submitted only to autopsy (N = 13), whereas PWC and HWC were also determined in the others (N = 15). Seven rats survived 48 h and died during anesthesia. Notably, PWC differed in normal rats: ambient (75.7 +/- 1.3%) < control (77.5 +/- 0.7%) < refrigerator (79.1 +/- 1.4%) and there were no differences with respect to HWC. No clinical signs of CHF (dyspnea, lethargy or foot edema) were observed in infarcted rats before death. PWC was elevated in all chronic and anesthetized rats. HWC was increased in 48% of chronic and in all anesthetized rats. Our data showed that PWC needs to be evaluated before 24 h post mortem and that CHF is the rule in chronic infarcted rats suffering natural death. The congestive syndrome cannot be diagnosed correctly in rats by clinical signs alone, as previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L G Flumignan
- Divisão de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Estado de Israel 181/94, 04022-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nozawa E, Kanashiro RM, Murad N, Carvalho ACC, Cravo SLD, Campos O, Tucci PJF, Moises VA. Performance of two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography for the assessment of infarct size and left ventricular function in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2006; 39:687-95. [PMID: 16648907 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006000500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although echocardiography has been used in rats, few studies have determined its efficacy for estimating myocardial infarct size. Our objective was to estimate the myocardial infarct size, and to evaluate anatomic and functional variables of the left ventricle. Myocardial infarction was produced in 43 female Wistar rats by ligature of the left coronary artery. Echocardiography was performed 5 weeks later to measure left ventricular diameter and transverse area (mean of 3 transverse planes), infarct size (percentage of the arc with infarct on 3 transverse planes), systolic function by the change in fractional area, and diastolic function by mitral inflow parameters. The histologic measurement of myocardial infarction size was similar to the echocardiographic method. Myocardial infarct size ranged from 4.8 to 66.6% when determined by histology and from 5 to 69.8% when determined by echocardiography, with good correlation (r = 0.88; P < 0.05; Pearson correlation coefficient). Left ventricular diameter and mean diastolic transverse area correlated with myocardial infarct size by histology (r = 0.57 and r = 0.78; P < 0.0005). The fractional area change ranged from 28.5 +/- 5.6 (large-size myocardial infarction) to 53.1 +/- 1.5% (control) and correlated with myocardial infarct size by echocardiography (r = -0.87; P < 0.00001) and histology (r = -0.78; P < 00001). The E/A wave ratio of mitral inflow velocity for animals with large-size myocardial infarction (5.6 +/- 2.7) was significantly higher than for all others (control: 1.9 +/- 0.1; small-size myocardial infarction: 1.9 +/- 0.4; moderate-size myocardial infarction: 2.8 +/- 2.3). There was good agreement between echocardiographic and histologic estimates of myocardial infarct size in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nozawa
- Disciplina de Fisiologia Cardiovascular, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Kanashiro RM, Saraiva RM, Alberta A, Antonio EL, Moisés VA, Tucci PJF. Immediate Functional Effects of Left Ventricular Reduction: A Doppler Echocardiographic Study in the Rat. J Card Fail 2006; 12:163-9. [PMID: 16520267 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2005.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immediate functional effects of left ventricle reduction (LVR) are not yet fully defined. Those effects have been studied in the experimental model of myocardial infarction scar plication (MISP) in the rat. METHODS AND RESULTS A Doppler echocardiogram was performed immediately before and after MISP in 20 rats with infarction of the left ventricle (LV) larger than 40%. LV diastolic volume reduction (475 +/- 114 versus 185 +/- 65 muL) was accompanied by heart rate decrease (230 +/- 25 versus 166 +/- 27 beats/min) and increase of ejection fraction (37 +/- 7 versus 67 +/- 12%), fractional shortening (18 +/- 3 versus 46 +/- 8%) and posterior wall shortening velocity (1.50 +/- 0.62 versus 2.01 +/- 0.46 cm/s). LV diastolic volume/stroke volume slope was steeper after LVR, suggesting enhancement of the Frank-Starling mechanism. Restrictive pattern of left atrial emptying was alleviated after LVR (E wave: 101 +/- 15 versus 66 +/- 14 cm/s; E/A ratio: 6.8 +/- 2.9 versus 5.0 +/- 2.2; E wave deceleration time: 36 +/- 6 versus 51 +/- 10 msec) even though left atrial diameter (0.69 +/- 0.07 versus 0.66 +/- 0.06 cm) and A wave (18.0 +/- 9.4 versus 15.8 +/- 7.8 cm/s) did not vary. Additionally, a pulmonary flow profile suggesting pulmonary hypertension was observed in 12 of 17 animals before, and in only 3 after, LVR. CONCLUSION LVR favors cardiac function not only by reducing afterload. The present data are in consonance with previous suggestions that the Frank-Starling mechanism is enhanced after MISP and, in addition to LV ejection function improvement, the unprecedented facilitation of left atrial emptying after LVR was particularly noteworthy. Even though LVR restricts ventricular distensibility, atrial emptying can be facilitated, probably on account of LV ejection improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemeire M Kanashiro
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Estado de Israel 181/94, CEP: 04022-000 São Paulo, Brazil
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Sant'Ana Júnior O, Nogueira RJ, Murad N, Lopes AC, Tucci PJF. [Postischemia stunned myocardium does not alter cardiac response to an elevation in contractile frequency]. Arq Bras Cardiol 2005; 84:38-43. [PMID: 15841844 DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2005000100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bonilha AMM, Saraiva RM, Kanashiro RM, Portes LA, Antonio EL, Tucci PJF. A routine electrocardiogram cannot be used to determine the size of myocardial infarction in the rat. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005; 38:615-9. [PMID: 15962188 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2005000400016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine lead electrocardiograms of non-infarcted (N = 61) and infarcted (N = 71) female Wistar rats (200-250 g) were analyzed in order to distinguish left ventricle myocardial infarction (MI) larger than 40% (LMI) from MI smaller than 40% (SMI). MI larger than 40% clearly caused a deviation of AQRS and AT from normal values of 270-360 degrees to 90-270 degrees. Infarcted rats showed Q wave in D1 larger than 1 mm with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The sum of QRS positivity in V1, V2 and V6 lower than 10 mm identified MI with 82% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The data showed that MI can be easily and reliably diagnosed by electrocardiogram in the rat. However, contradicting what is frequently believed, when specificity and sensitivity were analyzed focusing on MI size, none of these current electrocardiographic indices of MI size adequately discriminates LMI from SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Bonilha
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Cardíaca, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
A novel inexpensive murine model of oral administration of digitoxin (100 micro g/kg per day) added to routine chow is described. Serum digitoxin levels achieved after oral (n = 5; 116 +/- 14 ng/mL) and subcutaneous (n = 5; 124 +/- 11 ng/mL) administration were similar. A significant increase in the maximal left ventricular pressure rise of treated (n = 9) compared with control (n = 6) rats (dP/dt: 8956 +/- 233 vs 7980 +/- 234 mmHg/s, respectively; P = 0.01) characterized the positive inotropic action of digitoxin. In addition, no differences were observed in treated compared with control rats with regard to the electrocardiogram and systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izo Helber
- Cardiac Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tucci PJF, Kanashiro RM. [Left ventricular reduction does not reduce only the after load]. Arq Bras Cardiol 2004; 82:209-11. [PMID: 15073646 DOI: 10.1590/s0066-782x2004000300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tucci PJF, Sant'Ana O, Nogueira RJ, Murad N, Lopes AC, Sañudo A, Peres CA. Stunning and myocardial contractile autoregulation studied on the isolated isovolumic blood-perfused dog heart. Acta Physiol Scand 2003; 179:263-71. [PMID: 14616242 DOI: 10.1046/j.0001-6772.2003.01172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study, for the first time, the effects of stunning on homeometric and heterometric autoregulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Ischaemia (15 min)/reperfusion (30 min) was induced in the isovolumic blood-perfused dog heart preparation. Heart rate elevations (n = 9) from 60 to 200 beats min-1, in steps of 20 beats min-1, promoted the same inotropic stimulation in control (C) and stunning (S), indicating that ischaemia/reperfusion does not affect the changes in calcium kinetics elicited by the Bowditch effect. Sudden ventricular dilation (VD) (n = 10) evoked an instantaneous increase in developed pressure (Delta1DP) followed by a continuous slow performance increase (Delta2DP) in C and S. Delta1DP (C: 35 +/- 2.2 mmHg; S: 27 +/- 2.1 mmHg; P = 0.002) and Delta2DP (C: 20 +/- 1.6 mmHg; S: 14 +/- 1.3 mmHg; P = 0.002) decreased proportionally, while Delta2/Delta1DP (C: 0.57 +/- 0.13; S: 0.58 +/- 0.14) and slow response time course (T/2) were unchanged (C: 55 +/- 6.6 s; S: 57 +/- 7.7 s) after ischaemia/reperfusion. The reduction of Delta1DP can be understood as a decline of the myofilaments calcium responsiveness, the main pathophysiological effect of stunning. The reason for the weakening of Delta2DP, due to intracellular calcium gain, was not determined but it was supposed that its complete manifestation could be restricted by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) myocardial content reduction. As reported by others, Delta2DP depends on myocardial cAMP, and it has been shown that myocardial cAMP is decreased after ischaemia/reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS Contractile depression due to stunning has no effect on the inotropic stimulation generated by the Bowditch phenomenon. Immediate and time-dependent enhancements of contraction evoked by sudden VD are proportionally reduced and the slow response time course is unaffected in the stunned myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J F Tucci
- Cardiovascular Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Biostatistic Divisions, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kanashiro RM, Nozawa E, Murad N, Gerola LR, Moisés VA, Tucci PJF. Myocardial infarction scar plication in the rat: cardiac mechanics in an animal model for surgical procedures. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:1507-13. [PMID: 12022541 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(01)03416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immediate effects of surgical reduction of left ventricle cavity on cardiac mechanics have not been well defined. METHODS Cardiac mechanics were analyzed before and after myocardial infarction scar plication in 11 isolated infarcted rat hearts. RESULTS Despite a decrease in myocardial stiffness, an increase in chamber stiffness was noted after myocardial infarction scar plication. Systolic function was favored in more than one way. For the same diastolic pressures, maximal developed pressures were higher after myocardial infarction scar plication, and the slope of the systolic pressure-volume relationship was steeper afterwards as compared with before; this means that Frank-Starling recruitment is accentuated in smaller cavities. In addition, the developed net forces needed to generate these pressures were clearly lower afterward than before, indicating reduced ventricular afterload. CONCLUSIONS The study results show that diastolic function is harmed and systolic function is favored by myocardial infarction scar plication. We suggest that preoperative evaluation of the degree of diastolic dysfunction and impairment of the Frank-Starling mechanism may help to identify patients who may have a poor postoperative outcome due to diastolic or systolic dysfunction.
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