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Wang JH, Chang CP, Chang CC, Wang CM, Lin CF, Lin JW, Lin WL, Liao HJ, Kao CY, Fan PS, Yang WC, Chang GR. Analysis of persistent organochlorine pesticides in shellfish and their risk assessment from aquafarms in Taiwan. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112811. [PMID: 34403924 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In Taiwan, freshwater clams (Corbicula fluminea) and hard clams (Meretrix lusoria) are the most frequently raised shellfish in land-based pond aquaculture, but research on the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in these shellfish is limited. We detected the levels of 14 OCPs in 62 shellfish from Taiwanese aquafarms by performing gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. OCP residues were detected in 4.84% of the samples including readings of 0.04 mg/kg chlordane (in a freshwater clam), 0.03 mg/g p,p'-DDE (in a freshwater clam), and 0.02 mg/g p,p'-DDE (in a hard clam). However, the associated estimated daily intake values were less than the acceptable daily intake levels of chlordane and p,p'-DDE Therefore, the consumption of these shellfish presents no immediate health risks. Our findings contribute to food safety and serve as a reference for OCP screenings for aquatic shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Pei Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Chang
- Animal Drugs Inspection Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, 21 Muchang, Ciding Village, Zhunan Township, Miaoli 35054, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yung Kao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan.
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Tsai MY, Yang WC, Lin CF, Wang CM, Liu HY, Lin CS, Lin JW, Lin WL, Lin TC, Fan PS, Hung KH, Lu YW, Chang GR. The Ameliorative Effects of Fucoidan in Thioacetaide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071937. [PMID: 33808318 PMCID: PMC8036993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders have been recognized as one major health concern. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the brown seaweed Fucus serratus, has previously been reported as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, the discovery and validation of its hepatoprotective properties and elucidation of its mechanisms of action are still unknown. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect and possible modes of action of a treatment of fucoidan against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury in male C57BL/6 mice by serum biochemical and histological analyses. The mouse model for liver damage was developed by the administration of TAA thrice a week for six weeks. The mice with TAA-induced liver injury were orally administered fucoidan once a day for 42 days. The treated mice showed significantly higher body weights; food intakes; hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)); and a lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, a reduced hepatic IL-6 level and a decreased expression of inflammatory-related genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA was observed. These results demonstrated that fucoidan had a hepatoprotective effect on liver injury through the suppression of the inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant. In addition, here, we validated the use of fucoidan against liver disorders with supporting molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Tsai
- Animal Industry Division, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 112 Muchang, Xinhua Dist, Tainan 71246, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Yang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Min Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, 4 Section, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (W.-C.Y.); (C.-S.L.)
| | - Jen-Wei Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
| | - Wei-Li Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, 6 Section, 1018 Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung 433304, Taiwan; (H.-Y.L.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-L.L.)
- General Education Center, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168 Jifeng Eastern Road, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Pei-Shan Fan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Yu-Wen Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 1 Section, 542 Chung-Shan Road, Changhua 50008, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 6 Lugong Road, Changhua 50544, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan; (C.-M.W.); (T.-C.L.); (P.-S.F.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.H.); (Y.-W.L.); (G.-R.C.)
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Zhang YJ, Fan PS, Zhang X, Chen CJ, Zhou MG. Quantification of Fusarium graminearum in harvested grain by real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess efficacies of fungicides on fusarium head blight, deoxynivalenol contamination, and yield of winter wheat. Phytopathology 2009; 99:95-100. [PMID: 19055440 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-1-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We used a real time polymerase chain reaction-based assay and visual disease assessment to evaluate the efficacies of Js399-19, tebuconazole, a mixture of tebuconazole and thiram, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and thiram on the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination and on the yield of winter wheat (cv. Nannong no. 9918) after artificial inoculation under field conditions with Fusarium graminearum. The incidence of infected spikelets (IIS), amount of F. graminearum DNA (Tri5 DNA), total DON (containing DON, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol) concentration, and 1,000-grain weight (TGW) were quantified in 2006 and 2007. A strong positive correlation was found between IIS or Log10Tri5 DNA and total DON concentration in the harvested grain. The Js399-19, tebuconazole, and the mixture of tebuconazole and thiram significantly reduced IIS of FHB, amount of Tri5 DNA, and total DON within the grain and increased TGW. Although azoxystrobin, carbendazim, and thiram can increase TGW, they had no effect on the occurrence of F. graminearum compared with those of the untreated controls. Surprisingly, azoxystrobin and carbendazim significantly increased the total DON content in the harvested grain because they might have stimulated the amount of total DON production per Tri5 DNA. The fungicides Js399-19, tebuconazole, and the mixture of tebuconazole and thiram were the most effective in controlling FHB and reducing DON contamination of the wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Mayuzumi N, Ikeda S, Kawada H, Fan PS, Ogawa H. Effects of ultraviolet B irradiation, proinflammatory cytokines and raised extracellular calcium concentration on the expression of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:697-701. [PMID: 15840101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Darier disease (DD) and Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) are autosomal dominantly inherited skin disorders that histologically share the characteristics of suprabasal separation and acantholysis of epidermal keratinocytes. Various mutations in the DD gene (ATP2A2) and the HHD gene (ATP2C1) (respectively encoding the calcium pumps of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus) have recently been described in multiple families with DD and HHD. Mutations in ATP2A2 or ATP2C1 have been suggested as causing the conditions via the mechanism of haploinsufficiency. Ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation is thought to be an aggravating factor in both diseases. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of various stimuli on ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 mRNA expression, and to examine the role of calcium pumps during keratinocyte differentiation. METHODS The effects of UVB irradiation, of UVB-inducible inflammatory cytokines produced by keratinocytes and of high-calcium medium (1.8 mmol L(-1) as opposed to 0.08 mmol L(-1) Ca2+) on ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 mRNA expression were quantified in cultured normal human keratinocytes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Expression of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 mRNA was suppressed immediately after exposure to UVB irradiation, and modulation of mRNA expression was achieved in keratinocytes cultured with proinflammatory cytokines. The mRNA expression of both genes was increased significantly after the shift to high extracellular Ca2+ concentration. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that modulation of ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 mRNA expression by UV or cytokines might contribute to the clinical presentations unique to DD and HHD, and that the controlled expression of these genes plays an important role in keratinocyte homeostasis, function and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mayuzumi
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Crawford EL, Peters GJ, Noordhuis P, Rots MG, Vondracek M, Grafström RC, Lieuallen K, Lennon G, Zahorchak RJ, Georgeson MJ, Wali A, Lechner JF, Fan PS, Kahaleh MB, Khuder SA, Warner KA, Weaver DA, Willey JC. Reproducible gene expression measurement among multiple laboratories obtained in a blinded study using standardized RT (StaRT)-PCR. Mol Diagn 2001; 6:217-25. [PMID: 11774186 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A method that provides standardized data and is relatively inexpensive and capable of high throughput is a prerequisite to the development of a meaningful gene expression database suitable for conducting multi-institutional clinical studies based on expression measurement. Standardized RT (StaRT)-PCR has all these characteristics. In addition, the method must be reproducible. StaRT-PCR has high intralaboratory reproducibility. The purpose of this study is to determine whether StaRT-PCR provides similar interlaboratory reproducibility. METHODS AND RESULTS In a blinded interlaboratory study, expression of ten genes was measured by StaRT-PCR in a complementary DNA sample provided to each of four laboratories. The average coefficient of variation for interlaboratory comparison of the nine quantifiable genes was 0.48. In all laboratories, expression of one of the genes was too low to be measured. CONCLUSION Because StaRT-PCR data are standardized and numerical and the method is reproducible among multiple laboratories, it will allow development of a meaningful gene expression database.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Crawford
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43699, USA
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6
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Assaly R, Olson D, Hammersley J, Fan PS, Liu J, Shapiro JI, Kahaleh MB. Initial evidence of endothelial cell apoptosis as a mechanism of systemic capillary leak syndrome. Chest 2001; 120:1301-8. [PMID: 11591575 DOI: 10.1378/chest.120.4.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by acute recurrent attacks of hypovolemic shock commonly following an inflammatory stimulus such as a viral illness. Prophylactic therapy is generally ineffective, and the outcome is frequently fatal. METHODS In order to investigate the cellular mechanisms leading to SCLS, we examined the effects of sera from two patients with active SCLS on microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Apoptosis was determined by morphologic criteria, DNA fragmentation, annexin V stain, and by a quantitative photometric assay. The apoptotic pathway was investigated by Western blot of endothelial cells lysate after exposure to SCLS sera. RESULTS The sera from patients with active SCLS mediated profound apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells shortly after exposure. The exposed microvascular endothelial cells underwent immediate apoptosis as evidenced by morphologic changes, plasma membrane phosphatidylserine exposure, and by DNA fragmentation. Increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in endothelial cells exposed to SCLS sera was observed and suggested an oxidation injury as the possible mechanism for endothelial apoptosis. This potential mechanism was further explored by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) following SCLS serum exposure. Sera from both patients caused marked increases in ROS, initially detectable at 1 h and persisted for at least 12 h, with control serum from healthy subjects showing no effect on basal endothelial cell ROS concentrations. CONCLUSION Components from the sera of patients with active systemic capillary leak syndrome in contrast to healthy subject sera mediate early and extensive endothelial apoptosis in vitro that is associated with oxidation injury. These data represent compelling initial evidence for oxidation-induced apoptosis as a likely mechanism for endothelial injury leading to SCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Assaly
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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Fan PS, Gu ZL, Liang ZQ. Effect of quercetin on adhesion of platelets to microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:857-60. [PMID: 11749871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of quercetin(Que) on the adhesion of platelets to microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) isolated from human skin. METHODS [3H]-adenine-labeled platelets were incubated with MVEC. Effect of Que on platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecular (PECAM) expression on MVEC was also evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Adhesion of platelet to MVEC reached to maximum at about 30 min. Que inhibited the adhesion of platelets to MVEC in a concentration-dependent manner. Que 5 micromol/L did not show any significant inhibition. When the concentration of Que increased to 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L, the inhibition rate increased to 10.5 %, 20.0 %, and 42.2 %, respectively. Pre-incubation of Que (10 - 40 micromol/L) with labeled platelets for 30 min also inhibited the adhesion but Que 5 micromol/L did not. The inhibition rate of Que 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L was 18.2 %, 29.8 %, and 65.3 % respectively. Expression of PECAM on the endothelial cells was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner when MVEC were treated with Que (10 - 40 micromol/L) for 12 h but Que 5 micromol/L did not significantly affect the expression. CONCLUSION Que could inhibit the adhesion of platelets to MVEC. This effect may be related to decreased expression of PECAM on MVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Suzhou University, Suzhou Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Suzhou 215007, China
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8
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Matucci-Cerinic M, Giacomelli R, Pignone A, Cagnoni ML, Generini S, Casale R, Cipriani P, Del Rosso A, Tirassa P, Konttinen YT, Kahaleh BM, Fan PS, Paoletti M, Marchesi C, Cagnoni M, Aloe L. Nerve growth factor and neuropeptides circulating levels in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:487-94. [PMID: 11302871 PMCID: PMC1753627 DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.5.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the circulating levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to correlate these levels with clinical and laboratory features. METHODS Forty four patients with SSc were evaluated for circulating NGF (immunoenzymatic assay), NPY and VIP (radioimmunoassay), anticentromere and antitopoisomerase I autoantibodies, lung disease (pulmonary function tests with carbon monoxide transfer factor (TLCO), ventilation scintiscan with 99mTc DTPA radioaerosol, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT), pulmonary pressure (echo colour Doppler)), heart disease (standard and 24 ECG, echocardiography), cutaneous involvement (skin score), joint involvement (evidence of tender or swollen joints, or both), peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement (electromyography), rheumatoid factor, angiotensin converting enzyme (fluorimetric method), von Willebrand factor (ELISA), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (Westergren). RESULTS Circulating NGF levels in SSc were significantly increased compared with controls (p<0.00001) and significantly higher in the diffuse than in the limited subset of patients (p<0.01). Patients with articular disease had significantly higher levels of NGF. A significant indirect correlation between NGF levels and TLCO was detected (p<0.01), but no correlation was found between NGF and HRCT, DTPA, skin score, PNS involvement and angiotensin converting enzyme and von Willebrand factor levels, antitopoisomerase or anticentromere antibodies, and ESR. NGF levels increased progressively as the disease worsened. Similarly, VIP circulating levels were significantly increased in patients with SSc (p<0.001), whereas the increase of NPY levels did not reach statistical significance. However, both neuropeptides, following the same trend as NGF, increased as the disease worsened (skin score and lung disease). CONCLUSIONS The increase of NGF and VIP in patients with SSc, the former in the diffuse subset of the disease, and in patients with prominent articular disease, may suggest a link between neurotransmitters and the disease pathogenesis. Neuropeptide circulating levels seem to increase only in patients with the most severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Italy.
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9
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Abstract
In view of the documented perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration in the involved organs in scleroderma (SSc) and the reported accumulation of gammadelta-T cells in SSc skin and lung, we evaluated gammadelta-T cell interaction with endothelial cells (EC) in vitro. gammadelta- and alphabeta-T cells were isolated from BPMN of SSc patients with early diffuse disease and of matched control subjects by an immunomagnetic method after stimulation with mycobacterium lysate and interleukin-2 for 2 weeks. Lymphocyte adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity to EC were investigated. SSc gammadelta-T cells adhered to cultured EC and proliferated at higher rates than control cells. Furthermore, significant EC cytotoxicity by SSc gammadelta was seen. The cytotoxicity was blocked by addition of anti-gammadelta-TCR antibody and by anti-granzyme A antibody but not by anti-MHC class I and II antibodies. Expression of granzyme A mRNA was seen in five/five SSc gammadelta-T cells and in one/five control cells. alphabeta-T cells from both SSc and control subjects were significantly less interactive with EC than gammadelta-T cells. The data demonstrate EC recognition by SSc gammadelta-T cells and propose gammadelta-T cells as a possible effector cell type in the immune pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kahaleh
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43699, USA
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10
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Kahaleh MB, Fan PS. Mechanism of serum-mediated endothelial injury in scleroderma: identification of a granular enzyme in scleroderma skin and sera. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 83:32-40. [PMID: 9073533 DOI: 10.1006/clin.1996.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating endothelial cell growth-inhibitory factor with a molecular weight of 40-60 kDa was described in scleroderma (SSc) sera and shown to have a proteolytic action. In view of the recent demonstration of cellular immune activation in SSc, and because of the description of novel serine proteases in the granules of activated cytolytic T cells (granzymes), we hypothesized that granzymes represent the endothelial inhibitory principal in SSc sera. Granular enzymes were isolated from IL-2-activated nonadherent normal lymphocytes, and a 60-kDa granzyme was isolated using benzamidine-affinity column and molecular sieve column. A polyclonal antiserum was generated by immunizing rabbits with the isolated granzyme. Anti-granzyme antibody abolished SSc serum-mediated EC growth inhibition. Furthermore, a circulating protein similar to isolated granzyme was identified as a 60-kDa band on Western blots of benzamidine column-purified SSc sera. Immunofluorescence studies of SSc skin biopsies using anti-granzyme antibody demonstrated the presence of granzyme reactivity, while healthy control tissues were negative. Moreover, granzyme A gene expression was identified in SSc skin biopsies by a PCR method. The data suggest cytolytic mechanism involvement in the pathogenesis of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kahaleh
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA
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11
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Kahaleh MB, Fan PS. Effect of cytokines on the production of endothelin by endothelial cells. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1997; 15:163-7. [PMID: 9196868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating levels of endothelin (ET), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide and a mitogen for smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, are reported to be increased in a variety of human diseases characterized by vascular pathology. In view of the probable immune bases for vascular injury in connective tissue disorders, we examined the effect of the cytokines IL-1 alpha, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin on the production of ET-1 by cultured vascular endothelial cells. RESULTS ET levels in endothelial cell conditioned media were measured by radioimmunoassay. IL-4 and lymphotoxin had no effect on ET release by endothelial cells, while IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha stimulated ET mRNA expression and ET release in a dose dependent fashion. IL-6 was the most potent stimulator and IL-1 was the least effective. The addition of neutralizing antibodies to the cytokines inhibited the observed increase in ET release. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cytokines may play a significant role in the control of vascular tone. Furthermore, cytokines may indirectly contribute to the development of proliferative vascular lesions by stimulating smooth muscle and interstitial cell proliferation through their effects on endothelin release by the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kahaleh
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699, USA
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12
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Gu ZL, Xiao D, Jin LQ, Fan PS, Qian ZN. Effects of quercetin on Na(+)-K(+)-exchanging ATPase and Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase in rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1994; 15:414-416. [PMID: 7717064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (Que) ig 200 mg.kg-1, qd x 14 d decreased activities of the Na(+)-K(+)-exchanging ATPase (I) of rat brain plasma membranes and heart sarcolemmal and Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase (II) of heart sarcolemmal membrane. Que 100 mg.kg-1 reduced the activity of I from rat heart sarcolemmal preparation, but had no effect on that from rat brain plasma membranes. The result shows that I of myocardium is more sensitive than that of brain in rat. Que also showed a remarkable inhibitory effect in the II of heart sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Suzhou Medical College, China
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13
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Shi L, Fan PS, Wu L, Fang JX, Han ZX. [Effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng on increasing PGI2 in carotid artery and decreasing TXA2 in blood platelets]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1990; 11:29-32. [PMID: 2119543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Total saponins of Panax notoginseng (PNS) were given orally 100 mg/(kg.d) to rabbit for 8 wk. Aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation was restrained as compared to the control group. Radioimmunoassay was used to investigate the effects of PNS on the contents of prostacyclin in carotid artery and thromboxane A2 in blood platelets of rat. Oral administration of PNS 25,50,100 mg/(kg.d) for 10 d, the caused an increase of prostacyclin in carotid artery and a decrease of thromboxane A2 in blood platelets as compared to the control group. These results show that the anti-atherosclerotic action of PNS may be a result of the correction of the unbalance between prostacyclin and thromboxane A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Suzhou Medical College, China
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Shi L, Fan PS, Fang JX, Han ZX. [Inhibitory effects of paeonol on experimental atherosclerosis and platelet aggregation of rabbit]. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1988; 9:555-8. [PMID: 2855689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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